Biologically-dominated artificial reef

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Nov 26, 2008 - 405/33. 12. * cited by examiner. Primary ExamineriFrederick L Lagman. (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiThoma
USO0RE42259E

(19) United States (12) Reissued Patent

(10) Patent Number:

Campbell et al. (54)

(76)

(45) Date of Reissued Patent:

Mar. 29, 2011

BIOLOGICALLY-DOMINATED ARTIFICIAL

4,856,935 A

*

8/1989 Haras ........................ .. 405/35

REEF

4,993,362 A

*

2/1991

5,071,285 A

* 12/1991

Inventors: Matthew D_ CamPbell’AuStin, TX

5,122,015 A *

(Us); Steven G- Hall’ Baton Rouge’ LA (US) RobertL Beine Lancaster KY ’

'



5,269,254 A 5’536’ll2 A



5,803,660 A

Filed:

NOV. 26, 2008

Melby et al.

9/1998 Warren etal. ............... .. 405/25

10/2002 Moore

3/2004 Hall

6,824,327 B1

11/2004 Walter

6,896,445 B1

7 ,144,196 Dec. 5, 2006

Issued: Appl. No.: Filed:

405/25

6,712,024 B1 7,144,196 B1 2003/0094141 A1

Related US. Patent Documents

Reissue of: (64) Patent No.:

119/221

6/1992 Shen- ........................ .. 405/284

4/1997

*

6,464,429 B2

(21) APPLNQ; 12323536

Jimbo ..... ..

Van Doren ..

12/1993 Gaghano et al. 7/1996 Oenel’ H

5,620,280 A

(Us)

(22)

US RE42,259 E

5/2005 Engler 12/2006 Campbell et al. 5/2003 Davis

OTHER PUBLICATIONS Campbell, M et al., “Analysis and evaluation of Bioengin nered Submerged Breakwater”, (published thesis) on ?le With the Lousisiana State University Library, Dec. 2004.

11/321,874 Dec. 28, 2005

US. Applications:

* cited by examiner

(60)

Primary ExamineriFrederick L Lagman (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiThomas & Karceski, RC.

Provisional application No. 60/737,145, ?led on Nov. 15, 2005.

(51)

Int. Cl. E02B 3/04 A01K 61/00

(57)

(2006.01) (2006.01)

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and method of reducing the effects of hydrody namic forces of Waves and Water currents in coastal environ

(52)

US. Cl. ............................ .. 405/30; 405/21; 405/25;

405/22, 23, 25, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35; 119/221,

ments (e.g., oceans, and coastal, river, lake, and reservoir banks). The apparatus is an oysterbreak having tWo basic designs adapted to alloW for the attachment of oysters and other bio-fouling marine organisms, using the least amount

1 19/234, 238

of material. In one embodiment, the oysterbreak comprises a

119/221;119/234;119/238 (58)

Field of Classi?cation Search .................. .. 405/21,

See application ?le for complete search history.

support structure and plurality of slats (i.e., relatively planar sections or surfaces) having groWth layers made from tubing

References Cited

coated With a material capable of inducing aquatic sessile organism attachment and growth. In another embodiment, the oysterbreak comprises a plurality (e.g., tWo, three, four,

(56)

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

?ve, six, etc.) of groWth layers of regular polygonal-shaped 2,474,786 A 2,514,119 A

* *

6/1949 7/1950

Humphrey ................. .. 405/30 Boccia ...... .. 405/21

3,176,468 A

*

4/1965 Nagaiet al. ..

405/29

3,309,876 A

*

3/1967

Potter ........ ..

405/35

4,083,190 A 4,840,516 A

* *

4/1978 6/1989

Pey .... .. 405/33 Rambo ...................... .. 405/33

12

members made from a material capable of inducing aquatic sessile organism attachment and groWth that When stacked, form a relatively portable, breakwater module.

37 Claims, 24 Drawing Sheets

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Fig. 1

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14 18 16

13

17

Fig. 2A

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Fig. 2B

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28 24

30

26 30

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Sheet 6 0f 24

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Water current velocity (cm/s)

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70

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90

100

110

Distance from wall (cm)

Fig. 4

‘d

120

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Sheet 7 0f 24

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Oyster spat counts per cm on coated PVC

90

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fix

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50

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Sheet 8 0f 24

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Oyster spat counts per cm on French tubes

90 80

70~

05Bc2oh8s3o6nw

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4365

30

40

50

6O

70

80

90

Distance from wall (cm)

Fig. 6

100

110

120

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1800 W

0.01

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

Wave Height (m)

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9

US. Patent

Frequncy

3000

"

2500

"

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1

NA 8o 0con

1000 ‘T 500

"

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

Wave Period (seconds)

Fig. 8

7.5

8.5

9.5

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Scale (Meters) 0

1

2

Fig. 10

a

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0.41

I

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2

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44 52

40

Fig. 11

42

48

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Fig. 12A

Fig. 128

Fig. 120

Tim. (m)

Fig. 12

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810,

Fig. 13A

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Sheet 15 0f 24

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The effects of growth on wave transmissiom Wave Type 1 ---~-- 2.63 slats/meter

—e- 6.58 slats/meter —+- 9.21 slats/meter #

-B— 14.5 slats/meter

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m

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The effects of growth on wave transmission: Wave Type 2 ~-'— 2.63 slats/meter

—6— 6.58 slatslmeier 0.95-

--+-- 9.21 slats/meter -

—a— 14.5 slats/meter ,_,

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Fig. 15

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The effects of growth on wave re?ection

0.2

-~—— 2.63 slats/meter

—e— 6.58 slatslmeter -+- 9.21 slatslmeter

-e~ 14.5 slalslmeter

Breakwater

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Sheet 19 0f 24

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The effects of growth on wave re?ection: Wave Type 2

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