Biosynthesis of Rhizobium meliloti lipooligosaccharide Nod factors ...
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Biosynthesis of Rhizobium meliloti lipooligosaccharide Nod factors ...
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Vol. 91, pp. 8418-8422, August 1994 Biochemistry
Biosynthesis of Rhizobium meliloti lipooligosaccharide Nod factors: NodA is required for an N-acyltransferase activity (nodulation/nod genes)
E. MoRiuy ATKINSON*, MONICA M. PALCICt, OLE HINDSGAULt, AND SHARON R. LONG* *Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and tDepartment of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
T6G 2G2
Contributed by Sharon R. Long, April 20, 1994 a
Rhizobium bacteria synthesize N-acylated 3-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine lipofgosaccharides, called Nod factors, which act as morphogenic signal molecules to legume roots during development of nitrogen-fixing nodules. The bisynthesis of Nod factors Is genetically dependent upon the nodulatlon (nod) genes, including the common nod genes nod4BC. We used the Rhizobiwm meliloi NodH sulfotransferase to prepare 3S-labeled oligosaccharides which served as metabolic tracers for Nod enzyme activities. This approach provides a general method for following chitooligosaccharide modifications. We found nodAB-dependent conversion of N-acetylchitotetraose (chitotetraose) monosulfate into hydrophobic compounds which by chromatographic and chemical tests were equivalent to acylated Nod factors. Sequential incubation of labeled intermediates with Escherichia coNl contaning either NodA or NodB showed that NodB was required before NodA during Nod factor biosynthesis.' The acylation activity was sensitive to oligosaccharide chain length, with chitotetraose serving as a better substrate than chitobiose or chitotiose. We constructed a putative Nod factor intermediate, GlcN-j1,4-(GlcNAc)3, by enzymatic synthesis and labeled it by NodH-mediated sulfation to create a specific metabolic probe. Acylation of this oligosaccharide required only NodA. These results confirm previous reports that NodB is an N-deacetylase and suggest that NodA is an N-acyltransferase. ABSTRACT
