Building Environmental Sustainability in the Mining Sector of the Philippines Through Advanced Environmental Monitoring, Assessment and Management Programs Researcher: School/Centre: University/Institutions:
Key themes: Key countries: Completion:
Dr Trang Huynh, Dr Mansour Edraki, Professor David Mulligan Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals Institute University of Queensland
Community and Environmental Sustainability Operational Effectiveness The Philippines September 2014
Research aims: This project focused on capacity-building initiatives in the area of environmental health issues associated with the mining sector and specifically the contaminant issues linked to elevated (and potentially toxic) metal and metalloid levels in waterways. For further information on this action research: Contact person: Dr Trang Huynh
[email protected]
Summary of Action Research Activity Building environmental sustainability in the mining sector of the Philippines through advanced environmental monitoring, assessment and management programs The purpose of this Action Research project was to initiate a research collaboration program that would provide the opportunity for the Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation (CMLR) at The University of Queensland to support research staff from Mindanao State University-General Santos (MSU-GS), University of South-eastern Philippines (USeP), University of The Immaculate Conception (UIC) and Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA) in Mindanao in identifying current and future needs and issues related to environmental sustainability of the Mindanao region. The specific objectives of the project were to: •
• •
Assist the development and application of an environmental research program that initially focuses on implementing new approaches for assessing specific components of the local aquatic ecology and the potential risks to such biota and human health through potential exposure to heavy metals in these environments Collate, analyse and assess any existing monitoring data on water and sediment quality in both pristine and impacted waterways in southern Mindanao to investigate the potential sources and pathways of contaminants in waters and sediments Initiate and develop opportunities for joint research projects with MSU-GS, USeP, UIC and MinDA in the areas linking geochemistry and aquatic toxicity in actual and potential mining-impacted environments.
The authors note that: • • • • • •
There are research knowledge gaps and methodology deficiencies The existing environmental monitoring and assessment approaches do not include some fundamental and applied geochemistry aspects The current water quality guidelines in the Philippines do not include all the environmental indicators for an environmental assessment Baseline studies on arsenic levels in waters and sediments of the river catchments surrounding potential copper mining areas are needed In 2012, mercury use in small-scale mining was banned; however, although levels have dropped they are still far in excess of safe limits Two new collaborative research projects have been proposed; one to determine the pathways and residual amounts of mercury in the environment, and the other examining lead pathways in the environment
International Mining for Development Centre Action Research Report
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Building Environmental Sustainability in the Mining Sector of the Philippines Through Advanced Environmental Monitoring, Assessment and Management Programs Report by: Trang Huynh, Mansour Edraki, David Mulligan Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland Prepared for: International Mining for Development Centre (IM4DC) Action Research Program C108
September 2014
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www.im4dc.org
The International Mining for Development Centre was established to promote the more sustainable use of minerals and energy resources in developing nations by assisting governments and civil society organisations though education and training, fellowships, research and advice. Our focus is three core themes—governance and regulation, community and environmental sustainability, and operational effectiveness.
© 2014 This work is copyright to the International Mining for Development Centre (IM4DC), a joint venture between The University of Western Australia (UWA) and The University of Queensland (UQ), and is funded by the Australian Government through an Australian Aid initiative. It may be reproduced in whole or in part subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgement of the source and no commercial usage or sale. Reproduction for purposes other than those indicated above require written permission from the IM4DC Director, WA Trustees Building, Level 2, 133 St Georges Terrace, Perth, Western Australia 6000. This report does not necessarily represent the views or the policy of Australian Aid or the Commonwealth of Australia.
Contents Table of Contents Contents
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1 Executive Summary
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2 Introduction
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2.1 The Purpose
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2.2 Project Objectives
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2.3 Expected Project Outcomes
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3 Research Activities
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3.1 Establishing the Research Collaboration
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3.2 Workshop at University of Southeastern Philippines
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3.3 Highlighted Outcomes and Discussion from the Workshop
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4 Analysis of Existing Environmental Data
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4.1 Water Quality Parameters at Different Locations of the Mainit Catchment during 2007‐ 2009 15 4.2. Water Quality Parameters at Different Locations of the Mal Catchment during 2007‐2009 21 4.3. Geology of the Tampakan District
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4.4. Mercury Contamination in Major Rivers in Davao Region
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4.5. Water Guidelines Currently Used in the Philippines
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5 Highlighted Research Outcomes
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6 Recommendations
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6.1 Improve Quality of Research Activities
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6.2 Improve Quality of Research Activities
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6.3 Baseline Studies on Arsenic in Mindanao Region
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6.4 Mercury Study in Major Rivers Impacted by Small‐scale Mining
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7 Collaborative Research Program
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8 References
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9 Appendices
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9.1 Appendix 1: Brief Resume of Project Participants from the Phillipines
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9.2 Appendix 2: Proposal to be submitted to the Australian Synchrotron
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List of Tables Table 1: Participants at the workshop ..........................................................................................................11 Table 2: List of topic presentations by participants ......................................................................................13 Table 3: Regional surface water quality sampling sites of the two catchments ...........................................15 Table 4: Regional surface water quality of Mal and Mainit catchments (ESIA, 2011) ..................................16 Table 5: Regional surface water quality of metal/loid and major cation concentrations (µg/L) of 0.45 µm filtered water collected at of Mal and Mainit catchments .............................................................16 Table 6: Summary of the physical properties and inorganic non‐metallic concentrations of surface water at the Mainit Catchment from 2007‐2009 (ESIA, 2011) .....................................................................18 Table 7: Summary of the metal/loid and major cation concentrations (un‐filtered) of surface water at the Mainit Catchment from 2007‐2009 (ESIA, 2011) compared to DAO 34 guideline .............................19 Table 8: Summary of the metal/loid and major cation concentrations (0.45 µm filtered) of surface water at the Mainit Catchment from 2007‐2009 (ESIA, 2011) compared to DAO 34 guideline ..................20 Table 9: Summary of the physical properties and inorganic non‐metallic concentrations of surface water at the MAL Catchment from 2007‐2009 (ESIA, 2011) ........................................................................21 Table 10: Summary of the metal/loid and major cation concentrations (un‐filtered) of surface water at the MAL Catchment from 2007‐2009 (ESIA, 2011) compared to DAO 34 guideline ......................22 Table 11: Summary of the metal/loid and major cation concentrations (0.45 µm filtered) of surface water at the MAL Catchment from 2007‐2009 (ESIA, 2011) compared to DAO 34 guideline ......................23 Table 12: Summary mercury concentrations (mg/L) measured in water in rivers in Davao region before and after the Executive Order 79 ban mercury use in small‐scale mining. ......................................31 Table 13: Definitions of the terms currently used in water quality guidelines in the Philippines ................31 Table 14: Philippine Laws and Legislation – Water Resources (DENR) ........................................................32 Table 15: Freshwater Usage and Classifications from DAO 1990‐34 (DENR –Philippines) ...........................33 Table 16: Coastal and Marine Waters Usage and Classifications from DAO 1990‐34 (DENR – Philippines) ...................................................................................................................................................34 Table 17: List of water body classifications in Davao region ........................................................................34
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List of Figures Figure 1: Participants at the workshop from CMLR‐UQ; MSU‐GC, USeP, UIC and MinDA, June 2014 .........12 Figure 2: Locations of Mal and Mainit Catchments and the future Tampakan mine project tailings dam (ESIA, 2011) ...........................................................................................................................................17 Figure 3: Geology of the Tampakan district – Southern Central Mindanao (after Beaunavista et al, 1995 and Rohrlach 2002) ..............................................................................................................................26 Figure 4: Catchment area of Naboc, Kingking, Hijo, Matiao and Agusan rivers ...........................................28 Figure 5: Location of Tagum city, Hijo River and its estuary in Davao Gulf (Google Earth) ..........................29 Figure 6: Small‐scale mines and tailing ponds located at riverbank of the Hijo River ..................................30
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1 Executive Summary Building Environmental Sustainability in the Mining Sector of the Philippines through Advanced Environmental Monitoring, Assessment and Management Programs This report details the outcomes of the Action Research activity developing a research collaboration program between the Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation (CMLR) at The University of Queensland (UQ) and three Universities in Mindanao, Philippines; including Mindanao State University‐General Santos (MSU‐GS), University of South‐eastern Philippines (USeP), University of The Immaculate Conception (UIC) and Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA) in Mindanao. The purpose of this Action Research project was to initiate a research collaboration program that would provide the opportunity for the CMLR/UQ team to support research staff from MSU‐GS, USeP, UIC and MinDA in identifying current and future needs and issues related to environmental sustainability of the Mindanao region. The specific objectives of the project were to: 1. Assist the development and application of an environmental research program that initially focuses on implementing new approaches for assessing specific components of the local aquatic ecology and the potential risks to such biota and human health through potential exposure to heavy metals in these environments; 2. Collate, analyse and assess any existing monitoring data on water and sediment quality in both pristine and impacted waterways in southern Mindanao to investigate the potential sources and pathways of contaminants in waters and sediments; and 3. Initiate and develop opportunities for joint research projects with MSU‐GS, USeP, UIC and MinDA in the areas linking geochemistry and aquatic toxicity in actual and potential mining‐ impacted environments. The research findings are summarised below: ‐ A number of projects on environmental issues related to mining activities, particularly small‐scale mining, were conducted by MSU‐GS and USeP. However, there are some gaps in knowledge and the methodology of water and sediment quality research needing to be addressed. ‐ The existing environmental monitoring and assessment approaches do not include some fundamental and applied geochemistry aspects to assist in identifying any potential risks to ecological (and thereafter human) health in the current and planned mining areas. ‐ The current water quality guidelines in the Philippines (DAO 34 and 35, PNSDW 94A and LWUA) do not include all the environmental indicators for the environmental assessment. There is no national guideline for the sediment quality assessment for the Philippines. The agriculture soil guidelines from the Bureau of Soils guideline (PEL guideline) and Canadian sediment guideline have been used to assess the sediment quality in the environmental studies. ‐ The proposed Tampakan copper mine has a high arsenic copper ore, therefore the baseline studies on arsenic level in water and sediment of the river catchments surrounding the proposed Tampakan copper mine area are important prior to commencement of a large scale mining operation. The results of the arsenic baseline study will assist the assessment of the potential impact of the Tampakan project on arsenic levels in water and sediment. ‐ In 2012, mercury use in small‐scale mining was banned by the Executive Order number 79 issued by the Philippines Government. Although illegal, mercury can be easily purchased through black markets and many small‐scale mining operations still use mercury. In May 2014, the environmental 6
justice group BAN Toxics in partnership with the local government of Barangay, Mount Diwata, and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) opened the first and only mercury‐ free gold processing facility in Mount Diwata, Monkayo, Compostela Valley, one of the biggest gold deposits in the Philippines. The data from the water quality monitoring program, conducted by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources‐Environmental Management Bureau (DENR‐ EMB) and Mines and Geoscience Bureau (MGB) for periods before and after Executive Order 79 (2012), of major rivers associated with small‐scale mining showed that mercury concentrations in water significantly decreased after 2012. However, mercury levels in water (and sediment) in the river systems in the Davao region are still far in excess of the limits of the WQ Criteria of 0.002mg/L (Class C water, DAO 34). This could be due to the residue from historical mercury contamination and illegal use of mercury by small‐scale mining. ‐ A study by MSU‐GS “Heavy Metal Contamination in Sarangani Bay Waters and Sediments and Its Uptake on Fish, Shellfish, and Seaweeds: Benchmark for Policy Advocacy and Environmental Management” indicated high levels of mercury in water and sediment and significant mercury uptake by fish. Although the use of mercury in mineral processing has been strictly regulated from 2012 (Executive Order 79), the levels of mercury in water, fish and sediment in Sarangani Bay, Gen San still exceeded the guidelines. ‐ The findings on the status of mercury contamination in Mindanao region suggested that more research should be conducted on the pathways and residual amounts of mercury in the environment where rivers are heavily impacted by mining activities. A research study on “Measurement of Labile Mercury Speciation using the techniques of Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) and X‐ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES)” is proposed. This proposal addresses a gap in knowledge by comparing the chemical forms of mercury accumulated in fish with those in the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film technique (DGT) gel. The mercury species in tissues of fish freshly collected from water known to be mercury‐contaminated will be determined by XANES. Concurrently, the labile mercury species in the water, which are toxic to the biota, will be concentrated by the DGT and then subjected to speciation by XANES. The outcomes of this study will be information on the actual mercury species that can be accumulated in the DGT gel and an assessment of the real capacity of the DGT technique for monitoring toxic mercury forms in river waters. ‐ The research collaboration program called MinDA‐ERA (MinDA‐ Environmental Research Alliance) was established, which includes the University of Queensland, Mindanao State University‐General Santos, University of South‐eastern Philippines (USeP); University of the Immaculate Conception and local/regional government officers (MinDA). Two research projects on environmental issues were identified, discussed and proposed during the visit by UQ researchers at USeP. The project on Baseline of Mercury (Hg) Levels in Taplan River, Tampakan, South Cotabato was proposed by MSU‐ GC and will be submitted to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the project on “Lead pathways at Compostela Valley” was proposed by USeP and submited to APEX mining company. The CMLR/UQ team assisted the MSU‐GC and USeP in preparing the proposals.
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2 Introduction The Philippines is currently building capacity to ensure best practice environmental management in the mining sector. An increase in gold ‘rush’ activities emerged in the early 1980s that expanded the intensity of small‐scale mining which occurred both on the outskirts of the cities and towns as well as in the more remote mountainous areas. Gold‐bearing ores obtained from these mining areas were either processed and refined at the mining site itself or brought down to the larger cities for processing and subsequent trading. As a result of the type of processing used by these small‐scale gold‐mining activities, and a lack of regulation, it has been estimated that many tons of potentially hazardous and toxic elements, particularly mercury which has been widely used for gold extraction, have entered the river systems. Therefore, it is important for government at all levels, as well as the industry, to be aware of the realistic long‐term effects of all potential mining‐related contaminants so that a more proactive and environment‐friendly approach to the disposal of waste materials can be implemented.
The Philippines, and the state of Mindanao in particular, is resource‐rich, and there is much potential for large‐scale mining project development. As an example and potential case study area, the Tampakan project will involve the development of a large‐scale open‐pit copper‐gold mine and associated on‐site and off‐site infrastructure. It also involves the development of human resources and expertise in environmental research and management, who will focus on and promote education, environmental sustainability management, rural development, and economic growth. The research knowledge and capacity‐building initiatives resulting from this proposal will focus on the environmental health issues associated with the mining sector and specifically the contamination issues linked to elevated (and potentially toxic) metal and metalloid levels in waterways. The IM4DC strategic approach for developing countries, that currently includes the Philippines as a priority country, aims “to assist lifting the quality of life in developing nations through more sustainable use of minerals and energy resources”. This project aimed at improving the knowledge and practice in environmental sustainability as well as human and environmental health outcomes, by providing a framework for establishing an Advanced Environmental Assessment and Management Research Program for use by MSU‐GS research staff and local government in Mindanao, as well as improving their capacity to implement those changes. The research team from the Centre from Mined Land Rehabilitation (CMLR) at the University of Queensland (UQ) supported MSU‐GS faculty and research staff to identify the current and future issues of environmental sustainability linked to mining activity. CMLR assisted MSU staff with the application of an environmental assessment and risk framework focussing on implementing new approaches for assessing specific components of the local aquatic ecology and the potential risks to such biota due to potential exposure to arsenic and heavy metals in these environments. These are research areas currently within the CMLR’s realm of expertise and strength. The linkage with geochemistry is necessary to assist the research collaborators in the interpretation of the source contributions to the ecological health in potentially impacted environments. Outcomes of this project aim to further build on the capacity‐building program with Mindanao universities initiated through past and current Australian government and industry support.
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2.1 The Purpose The main purpose of this action research was to establish a research collaboration program between The University of Queensland and research partners in Mindanao, The Philippines. The in‐country research partners included Mindanao State University‐General Santos (MSU‐GS), The University of South‐eastern Philippines (USeP), University of the Immaculate Conception (UIC), and Mindanao Government (MinDA). The research and capacity‐building initiatives resulting from this project will focus on the environmental health issues associated with the mining sector and specifically the contamination issues linked to elevated (and potentially toxic) metal and metalloid levels in waterways.
2.2 Project Objectives The specific objectives for this action research activity were:
1. Initiate and develop opportunities for joint research projects with MSU‐GS; USeP; UIC and MinDA in the areas linking geochemistry and aquatic toxicity in actual and potential mining‐ impacted environments; 2. Collate, analyse and assess any existing monitoring data on water and sediment quality in both pristine and impacted waterways in southern Mindanao to investigate the potential sources and pathways of contaminants in waters and sediments; and 3. Assist the development and application of an environmental assessment and risk framework that initially focuses on implementing new approaches for assessing specific components of the local aquatic ecology and the potential risks to such biota.
2.3 Expected Project Outcomes The project will report detailed findings on: 1. The potential gaps in knowledge, technologies and capacity on environmental sustainability research related to mining, at MSU‐GS, USeP, UIC, and MinDA; 2. A review report of existing water and sediment quality data collected over time from key catchments in the area; 3. Improved knowledge of the geochemistry of background rock and sediments and potential mobilisation of elements from waste streams as a result of mining in the region; 4. Recommendations for research on environmental issues linked to mining activities including fundamental and applied geochemistry research to identify any potential risks to the aquatic ecosystems and human health in the current and planned mining areas; and 5. Strategies for improving knowledge and capacity among key University research staff and local government officers.
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3 Research Activities 3.1 Establishing the Research Collaboration In February 2014, a start‐up meeting was organised at CMLR, UQ with the present of Professor Carmelita P. Martinez from USeP during her visit to UQ under the IM4DC “Environmental Management in Mining” program. Professor Martinez was nominated as an in‐country coordinator of the project (IM4DC C108). This meeting was essentially the planning meeting for the project. It provided the opportunity for UQ researchers (Dr Trang Huynh, Dr Mansour Edraki and Professor David Mulligan) to explain and discuss the proposed program of works. It also provided Professor Martinez with the opportunity to query any aspect of the research program with UQ researchers. Follow up meetings were organised between UQ researchers and Dr Martinez. Dr Elpidio Octura who is the MSU‐GS preventative joined the discussion through Skype and email exchanges. The detailed research objectives of the project and the plan of the visit to the University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP), Davao city were discussed. The project initially proposed a meeting at MSU‐GS in General Santos, which has been categorised as “do not travel” (DFAT advice). Therefore, the workshop was held at USeP, Davao city. Two UQ researchers (Dr Trang Huynh and Dr Mansour Edraki) and seven researchers from MSU‐GS travelled to Davao to attend a workshop and field visit from 9th to 14th June, 2014.
3.2 Workshop at University of Southeastern Philippines Participants of the workshop were nominated and selected based on their research background and involvement in environmental research in areas associated with mining activities. A brief biography of the participants is presented in Appendix 1. The field visit program enabled participants (Table 1) to identify the key issues related to environmental sustainability activities associated with mining in the South East region of Mindanao. It also provided an opportunity for local researchers to share the existing research results and helped the UQ researchers to gather the background information and existing environmental data, including baseline water and sediment data, in the region. Specific purposes of the visit were to: 1. Identify the issues that need attention in relation to environmental sustainability activities in the area associated with mining in the South East region of Mindanao; 2. Identify the study area and catchments surrounding the “future tailings dam” of the Tampakan project; 3. Gather information on background and mine‐related geochemistry that could act as sources of contaminants. Existing data includes catchment maps, baseline water and sediment quality data; and 4. Nominate local researchers from MSU‐GS, USeP, UIC who could be involved directly in future projects.
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Table 1: Participants at the workshop Participants Dr Trang Huynh Dr Mansour Edraki Dr Carmelita P. Martinez Dr Elpidio R. Octura Dr Charlita A. Escano Mr Olie B. Dagala Dr Edna P Oconer Tres Tinna B. Martin Christine Dawn G. Obemio Ronaldo Bigsang Edward Lapong Ava Claire Marie Robles Dr. Maridit Pedrosa Dr. Helen Pondevida Dr. Sophremiano B. Antipolo Dr. Vivien Jala Ernani Villacencio Florencio Chua Ludivina Mercado
Environmental Research Scientist
Organisations
Senior Research Fellow Associate Professor Professor Director office for Finance and Administration Services Development Management Officer Professor Researcher Researcher Researcher Researcher Researcher Researcher Researcher Researcher Researcher Engineer Engineer Director of Science Resource Centre
CMLR/UQ USeP (IM4DC alumni) MSU‐GS (IM4DC alumni) Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA) MinDA MSU‐GS MSU‐GS MSU‐GS MSU‐GS MSU‐GS MSU‐GS MSU‐GS USeP USeP USeP USeP USeP UIC
CMLR/UQ
Day 1 (9th June): UQ staff arrived in Davao city in the afternoon. A welcome meeting with the USeP President was organised at the President office, USeP. Dr Sophremiano Antipolo (Director of Research Development and Extension office) introduced the research activities at the centre. Day 2 (10th June): A workshop was organised at the Research Development and Extension office, USeP and participant presentation and discussion (Table 2) followed by a laboratory visit at the University of Immaculate Conception. Day 3 (11th June): A field trip to 4 sites (Hagonoy, Padada, Matanao and Kiblawan) in 2 water catchments of Matanao and Malni Balasiao river catchment. Day 4 and 5 (12th ‐13th June): Dr Trang Huynh worked with Dr Carmelita P. Martinez and Dr Elpidio Octura on the existing data and preparation the proposed studies.
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Figure 1: Participants at the workshop from CMLR‐UQ; MSU‐GC, USeP, UIC and MinDA, June 2014
3.3 Highlighted Outcomes and Discussion from the Workshop The initial discussions were around: 1. Existing data on the two selected river catchments surrounding the “future tailing dam” i.e. Matanao and Malni Balasiao river catchments, for the study, and further data needed to be collected and measured; 2. Information on background and mine‐related geochemistry that could act as sources of contaminants; 3. Other existing data including catchment maps, baseline water and sediment quality data; 4. Water and sediment quality guidelines currently used in the region; and 5. The issues that need attention in relation to environmental sustainability activities in the area relevant to mining activities in the South East region of Mindanao. A number of research projects on heavy metals contamination and limnological studies in Davao regions, conducted by researchers from USeP, were presented and discussed, including:
“Heavy metals contamination in Davao region” (Ed. B Prantilla and Carmelita Martinez),
“The Limnology of Lake Buluan: A Baseline Study” (H. Pondevida, c. Martinez, S.H.T. Mamora, H. Wong, M. Bautisita),
“Water quality sampling and profiling of Lake Buluan” (Carmelita Martinez, Vien Jala & Kathleen Cedeno),
“Fish distribution in Lake Buluan” (Ana P. Ocenar & Aniline D. Sacdalan),
“Phytoplankton of Lake Buluan” (Samuel Herbert T. Mamora),
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“Benthic invertebrates of Lake Buluan” (Hilario Wong, Jr.), and “Macrophytes of Lake Buluan” (Majella G. Bautisla).
Environmental research projects conducted by MSU‐GS were discussed including:
“Heavy Metal Contamination in Sarangani Bay Waters and Sediments and its Uptake on Fish, Shellfish, and Seaweeds: Benchmark for Policy Advocacy and Environmental Management” (Edna P. Oconer);
“Progress Report on the Assessment of Biodiversity in Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL): Basis for Strengthening Community Conservation Initiatives” (Tres Tinna B. Martin and Christine Dawn G. Obemio);
“Siltation Analysis and Mercury (Hg) Levels in Taplan River, Tampakan, South Cotabato” (Edna P. Oconer)
The MinDA representative also gave a presentation on “MinDA Ridge‐to‐Reef Framework”. The workshop participants visited the Science Resource Centre at the UIC Father Selga main campus. The centre has facilities for physical, chemical, pharmaceutical and microbiological testing and research. The laboratory accepts various samples for testing and research, including but not limited to, water/wastewater, soil/sediment/sludge, plant tissue, fertilizer, feed/food, and ore. It is managed and operated by licensed chemists, pharmacist, medical technologists and seasoned laboratory analysts. The UIC‐SRC is a recognized environmental laboratory by the Philippines’ Department of Environment and Natural Resources since 1997. It is also an accredited laboratory under the Department of Health. Table 2: List of topic presentations by participants Titles
Presenters/Organisation
A brief introduction on the IM4DC Action Research Program Purposes, Objectives, Program Activities and Expecting Outcomes: A case study at Southeast Mindanao regions An overview on activities/projects on Environmental Sustainability, Environmental Monitoring, Assessment and Management Programs and case studies Heavy Metal Contamination in Sarangani Bay Waters and Sediments and Its Uptake on Fish, Shellfish, and Seaweeds: Benchmark for Policy Advocacy and Environmental Management Progress Report on the Assessment of Biodiversity in Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL): Basis for Strengthening Community Conservation Initiatives Limnology of Lake Buluan ‐ Water Chemistry Progress Report on the Assessment of Biodiversity in Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL): Basis for Strengthening Community Conservation Initiatives
Dr Trang Huynh (UQ) Dr Trang Huynh (UQ) Dr Mansour Edraki (UQ) Dr Edna P. Oconer (MSU‐GS) Tres Tinna B. Martin (MSU‐GS) Christine Dawn G. Obemio (MSU‐GS) Dr Vivien Jala (USeP) Dr Edna P. Oconer (MSU‐GS)
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Ridge‐to‐Reef Framework Speciation of Lead in Compostela Valley (APEX) Siltation Analysis and Mercury (Hg) Levels in Taplan River, Tampakan, South Cotabato Techniques, guidelines and approaches used in environmental monitoring and assessment – case studies Round table discussion
Dr Charlita A. Escano (MinDA) Mr Olie B. Dagala Dr Carmelita P. Martinez (USeP) Dr. Edna P. Oconer Dr Trang Huynh (UQ) Chair Dr Mansour Edraki (UQ)
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4 Analysis of Existing Environmental Data This section presents a review and analysis of existing water and sediment quality data for two selected catchments (Matanao and Malni Balasiao) in the proposed Tampakan gold‐copper project includes sourced from the from the ESIA report (2011). Two river catchments surrounding the “future tailing dam” were identified for this study including Mal and Mainit catchments (Image 2). The estimated areas of Mal and Mainit catchments are 171 and 83 km2, respectively. Table 3 summaries the regional surface water quality sampling stations of the catchments and drainage. At Matanao (Mal catchment) NIA irrigation dam, annual average flow is about 5,700L/s.
Table 3: Regional surface water quality sampling sites of the two catchments
Sampling stations
Catchments
SW‐ML‐BM SW‐ML‐DM SW‐ML‐ML SW‐ML‐TM SW‐ML‐UD
Mal Mal Mal Mal Mal
SW‐MT‐BL SW‐MT‐LT SW‐MT‐MT SW‐MT‐PA
Mainit Mainit Mainit Mainit
Drainage
Start (km)
End (km)
Bong Mal Datal Mami Mal Tukay Mal Ulo Danol
5.2 4 6.2 1.8 2.1
11.3 4 30 1.8 2.1
Balasiao Latian Mainit Mainit
5 6 14.4 1.8
7.3 17.5 29.5 1.8
4.1 Water Quality Parameters at Different Locations of the Mainit Catchment during 2007‐2009
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Table 4: Regional surface water quality of Mal and Mainit catchments (ESIA, 2011) Sampling stations SW‐ML‐BM SW‐ML‐DM
Mal
Bong Mal
6.16 ‐7.72
Mal
Datal Mami
3.15 ‐4.9
48‐643
60‐169
50‐254
15.1‐49
4‐9
SW‐ML‐ML
Mal
Mal
7.40 ‐8.67
82‐384
44‐149
10‐34
7.2‐41.8
2‐693
SW‐ML‐TM
Mal
Tukay Mal
5.41 ‐7.25
7.5‐58
6‐8