5.1 The struggle between Classical Arabic and Colloquial Egyptian in Egypt. 5.2 Religion and H .... Then there were Classes 6-8 which included lower middle class, high school graduates, ..... Accordingly, the researchers came up with a list of.
Cairo University Faculty of Arts Department of English PhD Program in Linguistics
Field Work Research in Sociolinguistics on: Social class and gender differentiation in Cairene Arabic Phonemes and expressions of identity
Submitted
To: Professor Norice
By: Mayada Zaki, Iman Baza, & Marwa Baza
Table of Contents 1.0Introduction 1.1Purpose of the study 1.2 Research Questions 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Language and Social class 2.1.1 Definition of „Social Class‟ 2.1.2 Social Indexing (Socioeconomic and Subject Indices) 2.1.3 Review of Master Studies on Social Class and Variation 2.2 Linguistic Variables 2.3 Language and Gender 2.3.1 Sex and Gender 2.3.2 Gender, Linguistic Choices, and Social Factors 2.4 Perspectives on Colloquial Egyptian Arabic 2.4.1 The Struggle Between Classical Arabic and Colloquial Egyptain 2.4.2 Religious and H Arabic Variety 2.3.3 Foreign Language Prestige in Egypt 2.3.4 Gender and Prestigious Variety of Arabic 3.0 Research Design and Methodology 3.1 Procedures 3.1.1 Exploratory Observations 2
3.1.2. Data Collection and Elicitation 3.1.3 Sampling of Population 3.1.4 Fieldwork Ethics 3.1.5 Participants 3.2 Variables 3.2.1 Independent variables 3.2.2 Dependent Variables 3.2.2.1 Lexical variables 3.2.2.2 Phonological Variables 3.2.2.2.1Vowel Variation 3.2.2.2.2 Consonant Substitution 3.2.2.2.2.1 Metathesis 3.2.2.3 Morphological variable 4.0 Data analysis and Discussion 4.1 Lexical Variation 4.1.1. Lexical Variation Across Social Classes 4.1.1.1 Calssical Words 4.1.1.2 Loan Words 4.1.1.3 Religious Words 4.1.1.4 Proverbs 4.1.1.5 Apologies 4.1.1.6 Local Words 4.1.2 Variation Acorss Genders of the Same Social Class
3
4.1.2.1 Lower Working Class Gender Variation 4.1.2.1.1 Classical Words 4.1.2.1.2 Religious Words 4.1.2.1.3 Local Words 4.1.2.1.4 Non-Gender Stratificying Gender Variables 4.1.2.2 Middle Working Class Gender Variation 4.1.2.2.1 Religious Words 4.1.2.2.2 LocalWords 4.1.2.2.3 Classical Arabic 4.1.2.2.4 Proverbs and Apologies 4.1.2.3 Middle Middle Class Gender Variation 4.1.2.3.1 Classical Arabic and Loan Words 4.1.2.3.2 Religious Expressions, Proverbs, Aplogies, and Local Words 4.1.3 Variations Acorss the Same Gender Group of the Three Social Classes 4.1.3.1 Variation Across Women in the Three Social Classes 4.1.3.1.1 Classical Arabic Words 4.1.3.1.2 Loan Words 4.1.3.1.3 Religious Expressions 4.1.3.1.4 Local Words 4.1.3.1.5 Apologies 4.1.3.1.6 Proverbs 4.1.3.2 Variation Across Men in the Three Social Classes 4.1.3.2.1 Classical Arabic Words
4
4.1.3.2.2 Religious Expressions 4.1.3.2.3 Local Words 4.1.3.2.4 Apologies 4.1.3.2.5 Loan Words 4.1.3.2.6 Proverbs 4.2 Phonological Variations 4.2.1 Vowel Variation 4.2.1.1. Vowel Variation Across Social Classes 4.2.1.2 Vowel Variation Across Gender of the Same Social Class 4.2.1.2.1 Gender Differences in the Lower Working Class 4.2.1.2.2 Gender Differences in the Middle Working Class 4.2.1.2.3 Gender Differences in the Middle Middle Class 4.2.2 Substitution of Consonants 4.2.2.1 Subsitution of Consonants Across Social Classes 4.2.2.2 Gender Differences Across the Same Social Calss 4.2.2.2.1 Gender Differences in the Lower Working Class 4.2.2.2.2 Gender Differences in the Middle Working Class 4.2.2.2.3 Gender Differences in the Middle Middle Class 4.2.2.3 Metathesis 4.2.2.3.1 Metathesis Acorss Social Classes 4.2.2.3.2 Metathesis Across the Lower Working Class 4.3 Morphological Variation 4.3.1 Morphological Variation Across Social Classes
5
4.3.2 Gender Differences Across the Same Social Class 4.3.2.1 Gender Differences in the Lower Working Class 4.3.2.2 Gender Differences in the Middle Working Class 4.3.2.3 Gender Differences in the Middle Middle Class
5.0 Conclusion 5.1 The struggle between Classical Arabic and Colloquial Egyptian in Egypt 5.2 Religion and H Arabic Variety 5.3 Foreign Language Prestige in Egypt 5.4 Gender and Prestigious Variety of Arabic 5.5 Phonological Differences
6.0 Refernces 7.0 Appendices 7.1 Appendix A: Transcripts of Lower Working Class Men 7.2 Appendix B: Transcripts of Lower Working Class Women 7.3 Appendix C: Transcripts of Middle Working Class Men 7.4 Appendix D: Transcripts of Middle Working Class Women 7.5 Appendix E: Transcripts of Middle Middle Class Men 7.6 Appendix F: Transcripts of Middle Middle Women 7.7 Appendix G: Pictures Used for Data Elicitation 6
7.8 Appendix H: Questions Used for Data Elicitation (Semi-Structured) 7.9 Appendix I: ANOVA and t-tests
7
1.0 Introduction Language change has been a fascinating phenomenon to observe and work on in the field of sociolinguistics. Major studies have attempted to shed light on the lexical, phonological, morphologicalvariations that are seen across social classes as well as across gender, thereby reaching important findings that highlight the constantly varying nature of societies, classes, and languages. Based on the importance of this fact, the present paper is an attempt to look at Cairene Arabic in terms of its lexical, phonological and morphological characteristics seeking to highlight the socially stratifying variables in these three areas across the different social classes that coexist in the society. In addition, considering the differences in gender linguistic choices across the different social classes and within every social class is among the concerns of this paper. 1.1 Purpose of the study This paper aims at exploring the social class and gender differentiation in the linguistic features of colloquial Cairene Arabic across the lower working class, Middle Working class, and middle middle classes in Cairo, Egypt. The scope of the study will mainly focus on the lexical, phonological, and morpgological variatations that can reliably indicate some fine stratification among the three social groups. The study also examines the differences between gender across the three social classes and within every social goup examined. 1.2 Research Questions 1. What are the linguistic variations across lower working, middle working, and middle middle classes in colloquial Cairene Arabic?
A. What are the lexial variations across lower working, middle working, and middle middle classes in colloquial Cairene Arabic? B. What are the phonological variations across lower working, middle working, and middle middle classes in colloquial Cairene Arabic? C. What are the morpgological variations across lower working, middle working, and middle middle classes in colloquial Cairene Arabic? 2. What are the linguistic variations across genders of the same speech community? A. What are the lexical variations across gender in each speech community, namely lower working class, middle working class and middle middle class? B. What are the phonological variations across gender in each speech community, namely lower working class, middle working class and middle middle class? C. What are the morpgological variations across lower working, middle working, and middle middle classes in colloquial Cairene Arabic?
2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Language and Social Class 2.1.1Definition of ‘Social Class’ The concept of social class in sociolinguistic studies has probably been one of the most common independent variables ever studied in relation to language change and variation. Despite the popularity of the term, there isn‟t a clear unanimous consensus as to what constitutes „social class‟ as a variable.
2
Chambers (1995) argues that „class‟ compared to „age‟ and „sex‟ is quite fuzzy to define. Even if we try to categorize people as „white collars‟ and „blue collars‟, we are faced with mis-matchings across the one country and across countries and cultures, too. Also, in many cases, a case can be argued to fit into middle class, whereas another can be argued to fit a lower class; it is quite inconclusive as many variables are at play without strict boundaries between each category and the other. Accordingly, „Thinking about particular individuals instead of large groups makes an effective reminder that class is a continuum rather than a set of discrete ranks.’ (Chambers,1995, 38) However, most studies will fall within two major classifications of „class‟ that reflect two major historical movements in the world. The first of these movements is that of the „Industrial Revolution‟ and Karl Marx‟s claim of the importance of „ownership‟ and „property‟ in deciding on „social class‟. The second of such movements runs contrary to Karl Marx, who called for „socialism‟, and that is the movement of Max Weber, who actually correlated „social class‟ with „power‟, „prestige‟, and „reputation‟. (Ash, 2002). The more prestige, the higher the social class is. 2.1.2 Social Indexing (Socioeconomic and Subject Indices): The term “social class” is at the heart of sociolinguistics, especially when it comes to social dialects. Although this is the case, many American sociologists disapprove of it because they consider it to be “unpleasant” (Labov, 2006, p.132). They believe that if socities accept the term then everybody has to accept the social consequences of such labeling. Still, it is common practice for sociologists to work on social dialects and to come up with their own factors that
3
determine such distribution. Different sociologists follow different systems and put people in different categories (as will be clarified below). One has to mention that not a single categorization is preferred over the other because every study is different from the other in terms of country, age, occupation, etc. Every researcher tries to come up with his/ her own criteria that should best fit the time and place of the study as well as the variables being studied. It is worth mentioning that the lack of consensus among sociologists take place because of so many reasons among which is “status incongruence” (Labov, 2006, p. 132). Sometimes people may speak in a certain way although their income, education and occupation are not correlated in the usual way. This means that a person who supposedly belongs to a certain class will show some features of speech of middle class for example. Another reason is that different sociologists sometimes come up with new approaches and categories to categorize people. For example, some researchers consider the social networks in which people are engaged in is one of these categories (Milroy, 1980; Bartoni-Ricardo, 1985 as cited in Labov, 2006). Another reason for the lack of consensus and agreement is “social mobility” (Chambers, 1995, p. 52). People can jump up the social ladder and this may change where he/ she is placed in terms of social class, which again may explain the “status incongruity” mentioned above. One has to say that in any dynamic society, with cross-cultural marriages, immigration, lots of things are bound to change and that is why it is not easy to decide on some fixed criteria by which all sociologists can classify people and classes. So, despite this wide-range of scopes in defining what a „social class‟ is, most researchers create their own definition or indices in categorizing people into „social classes‟ in their studies. One common practice in this area is to depend on socioeconomic indices as the Canadian socio-economic index scores cited in Blishen 4
(1971, as cited in Chambers, 1995). This is done by „combining occupational status with means for income and education’ (Chamber, 1995, 43). However, this is still problematic. If we take profession and income, for example, we will notice that different lawyers differ in their income based on whether they deal with big companies or middle class individual cases. (Chambers, 1995). Even some professionals, such as journalists, end up in a certain position based on their education, whereas others get there by experience or by taking the working ladder up one step at a time. This proves that the calculations of socio-economic status based on occupation, education and income is quite „fuzzy‟ and not „concrete‟ as there are many individual differences. (Chambers, 1995). There is also the ISC (Index of Social Characteristics) which was used by Warner (1960, as cited in Wolfram and Fasold, 1974). This index states a number of factors that sociologists usually make use of when deciding on their classes. There are mainly five factors: education, income, dwelling area, housing and occupation. (Wolfram and Fasold, 1969). Concerning education, dwelling area and occupation, most researchers come with their own criteria and factors. As for housing, questions about the size and plumbing are always asked. Income is also a factor that can be considered in two different ways. One way is to divide people as earning above $ 10,000, $ 20,000, etc. Another is to depend on the source of the money, so it may be inherited for example. The source of income is usually considered to be more trustworthy since the amount of money earned can be subject to change across the years. Whatever the method applied is, every researcher opts to do his/her own calculations based on his/ her „intuitions‟, and this type of calculation is called „subject indices‟- as opposed to the socio-economic ones. The idea is that every researcher creates his/ her own system or index according to which participants are placed into different social groups. 5
2.1.3. Review of Master Studies on Social Class and Variation: Having decided on what „social class‟ is and on „indexing‟, let‟s review some of the major and most important studies carried out on the concept of „social class‟. One of the earliest studies in this field is Labov‟s (1966) study of social stratification in New York City. In this study, Labov tried to decide on the social stratification in the area of New York City through examining the employees‟ pronunciation of the variable [r] in three department stores in New York City. Each of such stores represented a certain social class based on „prestige‟; the very factor that was decided upon through location, prices, and advertising policies among other factors. The three stores investigated were: Saks Fifth Avenue (high class), Macy‟s (middle class), and S. Klein (low class). It is worth noting here that wages were not at all reflective of prestige in this study. For example, salespersons in Macy‟s received better wages that those at Saks‟. However, those who worked at Saks‟ were still considered to be more prestigious. The results of the study clearly supported the hypothesis that suggested that the higher the social status of the store was, the clearer the pronunciation and enunciation of the [r] would be. The results showed that the pronunciation of the [r] was indeed reflective of social class as 62% pronounced it at Saks‟, 51% pronounced it at Macy‟s and 21% at Klein‟s. One of the conclusions drawn from this study is that „(r) stratification is an integral part of the linguistic structure of the New York City speech community.‟ (Labov, 2006, p. 55) It is worth mentioning that when Labov was studying linguistic variation in New York City, he used education, occupation and income as his factors. Occupation had four categories: 1 professionals, managers and officials (salaries and self-employed); 2
clerks and salesmen; 6
3 Craftsmen and foremen; self-employed white and blue-collar workers- including small shopkeepers; 4
operatives, service workers, laborers and permanently unemployed persons (Ash, 2002, p. 406).
As for education, there were four categories as well: 1
completed some college or more;
2 finished high school; 3 completed some high school; 4 finished graded school or less (Ash, 2002, p. 406) Concerning income, the Mobilization for Youth Program (MYP), from which Labov took his sample, had already calculated an “adjusted weekly income per equivalent adult”, and this was done through a certain procedure that considered adults to carry more weight than children. (Ash, 2002). The actual numbers, of course, cannot be applied nowadays but the qualitative data can be applied at any time. It is as follows: 1 more than the national median; 2 more than the Lower East Side median but less than the national median; 3 more than the minimum wage but less than the LES median; 4 less than the minimum wage
7
The three factors were calculated to have an index score which ranged from 0 to 9. These ten social classes were divided into four main categories The first is Class 0 which included those with grade school education or less and laborers found it difficult to make ends meet. There were also Classes 1-5 and included those were the ones who had some high school education, those who were blue-collars and those who earned enough to win things such as cars. Then there were Classes 6-8 which included lower middle class, high school graduates, white collars, and semi-professionals who could send their students to college. The highest class was Class 9 which included educated, professional, business-oriented people (mainly middle class). (Wardaugh, 1995). Another study by Labov was the Philadelphia neighborhood study in 2001. He chose five neighborhoods represented by five streets which are Wicket Street, Pitt Street, Clark Street, Mallow Street, and Nancy Drive (ranging from lower to upper classes). In this study Labov decided on six levels for each of his three factors: education, occupation and residence. As for education, it was as follows: 5 Professional school 4 College graduate 3 some college 2 high school graduate 1 some high school 0 grammar school Concerning education, it was as follows: 8
6 Professional, owner-director of large firm 5 White collar- proprietor, manager 4 White collar- merchant, foreman, sales 3 Blue collar- skilled 2 Blue collar- unskilled 1 Unemployment The income was ranked in relation to increments of $5,000 with the lowest level being up of $ 4,900 and the highest being $25,000 or above. Labov looked at education and occupation as representatives of the social class. It is worth mentioned that the house value in a certain neighborhood defined a person‟s social status and occupation defined the individual social status; thus, education did not have a role to play. In addition, Labov‟s study suggests that social mobility has a big role to play since the two groups which were expected to be innovative were opposed in their social mobility. (Ashm 2002). This is actually related to what Labov referred to as “status incongruence”. (Labov, 2006, p. 132) Another famous study was that by Trudgill (1974, as cited in Wardhaugh, 1995; Ash 2002). Trudgill set up his own index based on six different factors: occupation, father‟s occupation, income, education, locality, and housing. Each one of them had a score that ranged from 0 to 5, and then all of them were summed up together. Accordingly, Trudgill decided on the cutoff points himself and came up with five classes with the lowest scoring less than six out of 30 and the highest scoring 19 or above out of 30. Accordingly, the five social classes among Norwich, England are as follows: 9
1. Middle middle class (MMC) 2. Lower middle class (LMC) 3. Middle Working class (MWC) 4. Middle working class (MWC) 5. Lower working class (LWC) According to Trudgill (1974, as cited in Ash, 2002), having more than one measure contributing to the socio-economic index helps examine if each one of them separately or in a combination can shed some light on linguistic variation, which is one of the main objectives of all studies on social stratification. Shuy, Wolfram and Riley (1968, as cited in Wardhaugh, 1995) also had their social index. They used occupation, education and place of residence. Each one of them had a 6 or a 7point scale. Occupation was then multiplied by 9, education was multiplied by 6 and residence was multiplied by 5. The researchers then decided to have four social classes as follows: 1. Upper middle class: scores 20-48 2. Lower middle class: scores 49-77 3. Middle Working class: scores 78-106 4. Lower working class: scores 107-134
10
There are lots of other studies that made use of social stratification like Wolfram (1969), Hovarth (1985, as cited in Ash 2002) who studied social variation and change in Sydney and Feagin (1979, as cited in Ash, 2002) who use the Evaluated Participation procedure (asking people to judge what they hear on a tape). Concerning linguistic variation and change in the diglossic setting of Cairene Arabic. Haeri (1997, as cited in Ash, 2002) used some social factors and gave them different weights. Haeri used the father‟s or mother‟s education, whether the speaker attended a private or public school, the neighborhood of the speaker, and the occupation of the speaker. Every factor of these was given a different weight. 2.2 Linguistic Variables Having spoken about social dialects and social stratification, one should mention linguistic variables, which are the scope of any study on social stratification. To start with, the term linguistic variable was first used by Labov (1966b: 15, as cited by Wolfram, 1969). The term is actually an abstraction which is realized in actual speech by different variants. For example, a certain variable can be the [s] and its variants could be the (sh) and (dj). There are so many different kinds of variables: phonological, morphological, etc. Phonology can be examined through the study of the pronunciation of word final consonant clusters, post vocalic [r], the pronunciation of the [th]. Grammatical variables include the zero copula, invariant Be, suffixal –z and multiple negation (Wolfram, 1969). Another important scope is that of linguistic choice since every class is bound to produce certain lexical items. Sometimes the lower classes use features of those of the higher classes, which is known as hypercorrectness. Hypercorrectness is not always lexical but also phonological as exemplified in Gumperz (1958, as cited in Wardhaugh, 1995). He studied how small
11
differences in speech can distinguish subgroups from each other. He mainly studied the speech of different castes in a village called Khalpur, which is 80 miles north of Delhi, India. 2.3 Language and Gender 2.3.1 Sex and Gender A lot of linguists are concerned with gender studies in relation to the different roles that men and women play in the society and the way this is affected by and affects the social values and norms of each. This cannot be more clearly reflected in the use of language. No one can argue against some existing differences between men and women in the field of language use. However, what is of extreme importance is the fact that such differences are clear across the different social levels and within the members of the one social group as well. Before exploring such differences as raised in literature, the researchers would like to highlight the difference between „sex‟ and „gender‟ as terms. The word „sex‟ refers to the biological status in which a human is born. However, „sex‟ does not go beyond that. On the other hand, the term „gender‟ takes into consideration the social and cultural norms, values and factors that shape and reshape the existence and the differences between men and women in any given society and any social class as well as across the different societies and the different social classes. Perhaps Hopkins, Nocholas and Ibrahim (1997) captured this accurately in their definition of gender: Gender is the social construction of the biological differences that divide human beings into two categories. Stressing the social aspect of this construction implies that the differences we see between men and women, or the differences that people report and talk about, are contingent aspects of culture rather than inherent in the biology. (p.173) 12
2.3.2.Gender ,Linguistic Choices, and Social Factors It has been often noted that there are many variables affecting men‟s and women‟s speeches in the society, and these include social roles they play; the context in which they live, work, or interact; the addressee to whom they speak; and the expected and accepted behavior form either gender. For such reasons, speech patterns- phonological, lexical and syntactic vary a great deal between men and women in any given society. One of the general observations made about women is that they tend to use more standard and prestigious forms than men. This has been referred to as “Principle I” by Labov (1990)- as cited in Yaeger-Dror (1998). This has been proved in a study by Trudgill carried out in 1972. In that study, he proved that women, especially working class women tend to retain the standard, prestigious „ing‟ pronunciation without dropping the nasal sound. Even Cheshire (1982) proved that teenage girls retained more standard syntactic features than boys in Reading, England. (Yaeger-Dror, 1998) One possible explanation for this is the negative connotations attributed to women in some societies when speaking the vernacular dialect or a „low-class‟ dialect. Hence, the consciousness of how the person is perceived affects the linguistic choices made by men and women. For example, women tend to hypercorrect and appear as belonging to a higher class since high class language is „feminine‟. Gordon (1997) says this true of Australian women who fear to be judged as „promiscuous‟ if they don‟t adhere to standard forms. Men, on the other hand, do not worry much about this as they believe that low-class language reflects some „masculine‟ features that they would love to have (Yaeger- Dror, 1998).
13
In fact, Trudgill (1972) explains this tendency to „hypercorrect‟ on the part of women in terms of „covert prestige‟; the desire for approval from the society and to feel accepted as a high class member of the society. Women long for this kind approval- more than men. The very same factor is sometimes described in terms of „positive face‟; women don‟t want to embarrass themselves or appear of a lesser social status than others, so they become socially and linguistically aware of their utterances (Chambers, 1995). In addition to that, men- unlike women- are often judged by a number of factors. Their social identity is defined through many elements: their occupation, power, status, knowledge. In contrast, in many societies, women do not have this option, so the only chance they have to prove their social identity is through their linguistic identity; hence, their conscious desire to hypercorrect. Labov calls this change, „change from above’- meaning that women are often aware of the linguistic choices they make. On the other hand, men when they initiate change, they initiate it „change from below’; men do it unconsciously (Trudgill, 1972). Chambers (1995) suggests that since more often than not, women represent the isolated members of the society by their lack of mobility and limited contact with the outer world, they tend to preserve the standard forms of language use. On the other hand, men move around much more and change geographic locations based on their work and occupations, and that‟s why they generally reflect more dynamic patterns of linguistic changes in contrast to women. It is worth mentioning here that in societies where women move and are equal to men in their freedom of mobility, this pattern of linguistic change based on gender is not that apparent. That‟s why the younger the generation is, the more similar the linguistic variables are across gender- unlike with older people (Chambers, 1995).
14
However, some studies in the Middle East contradict such claims. For example, in a study of gender differences carried out by Haeri (1987- as cited by Chambers (1995)) in Cairo, Amman and other places, it was noticed that in Cairo and Amman women use the standard classical pronunciation of the uvular stop [q] far less than men. This has led some linguists to suggest that linguistic patterns of gender in the Middle East are contradictory to those in the West in terms of who hypercorrect: men or women (Chambers, 1995)? Despite this interesting finding, it was suggested by linguists that distinction should be made between „classical‟ and „prestige‟ forms. Since the Middle East is by nature diglossic, certain considerations must be made towards making any generalizations as the linguistic pattern of speech is very different. Accordingly, what constitutes a standard variety needs to be clearly defined. In light of this distinction, Haeri 1994- as cited in Cheshire (2002), states that ‘women can be seen as orienting to a supra-local ‘standard’ Cairene Arabic in the same way that women in urban centers in the West orient to a standard variety.‟ (Cheshire, 2002, p.430) One of the most interesting findings of gender studies is that one-sex conversations seems to be characterized by linguistic differentiation. However, in „mixed-sex‟ situations, such differences seem to melt. One interpretation offered is the need to accommodate to the other sex needs on the part of both gender. „In mixed-sex interactions, the speakers’ gender identity becomes less salient, and mutual accommodation occurs. This has been a recurrent finding in experimental research from social psychologists working within the framework of the communicative accommodation theory’ (Cheshire, 2002, p.436)
15
2.4 Perspectives on Colloquial Egyptian Arabic 2.4.1 The struggle between Classical Arabic and Egyptian Colloquial in Egypt Classical Arabic is the official language in Egypt. It is the language of the majority‟s holy book the Qura‟n, and the Islamic civilization and culture. In addition classical Arabic attained high respect and value in the 40‟s due to the concern with Arab nationalism with its Arab history, and aspirations of political dominance. Notwithstanding, colloquial Arabic is the spoken language and main medium of communication. Hence, classical Arabic dominates curricula of public schools, official public speeches and literature and printed media. Colloquial Arabic, on the other hand, is not the low class variety of language as it is spoken by all classes of the Egyptian society including the elite. Colloquial Egyptian is used in songs, proverbs and folklore. Due to the dominance of Egyptian colloquial Arabic, the use of classical Arabic without the compliance with some features of the event can be considered “rediculous” according to Hymes, 1974. Haeri (2000), however, says that both classical Arabic and the low variety or colloquial Arabic coexist in Egypt. Academic, and public speeches are conducted in colloquial Arabic that is mixed with a lot of classical Arabic lexis. Since the emergence of printed media in Egypt in 1800s, classical Arabic has been facing trials of adaptation to modern cultural needs (Haeri, 2000). Research found that standard forms are positively correlated with the speech of the upper class. Inspite of restricted use of classical Arabic in speech, it is found everywhere in printed media sold with street vendors, mickey books, books only for adults and even in the instructions on the match box (Haeri, 1997). Therefore, such struggle needs to be further explored through the casual speech of different social classes regardless of their exposure to classical Arabic in school. On the other hand, news writing resorted to a less variety that led to discussions on how to meet the current needs of language (Haeri, 2003). 16
Due to the gap between the syntactic and morphological features of the colloquial and classical Arabic, a lot of arguments have been raised on whether colloquial Arabic should be defined as a language or a dialect (Haeri, 2000).
2.4.2 Religion and H Arabic Variety The Qura‟n is considered the most perfect occurrence of Arabic, moreover, other religious texts such as Hadeeth, stories of prophets companions are all written in classical Arabic. Thus, religious texts and classical Arabic are considered the main tools for literacy and education. Literacy has always been measured by the ability to read the Qura‟n since the education of the kutaab. On the other hand, private schools in contrast to public schools included missionary and secular schools that were attended by the upper and upper middle class muslim students who showed an increase since the mid-1800s (Hey-Worth Dunn, 1939 in Haeri, 1997). Haeri (1997) mentions that the need of the labor market and the consequent variation in types of education, public schools and private schools have led to multiple and “contradictory linguistic values” (p. 800) in Egypt. Examining the function of classical Arabic in the daily lives of Egyptians, Haeri (2003) found that classical Arabic existed through their daily religious practice, bureaucratic deals and printed media. Religion has always been the concern of education until Mohammed Ali focused on modern secular education. However, there is still AlAzhar university that includes curricula of religious subjects. Such religious education has been marginalized by the state as their alumni have been paid less than their peers of other secular institutions. One of the
17
questions that is investigated in this paper is “Does the use of religious expressions and words in speech positively correlate with the lower working class?” 2.4.3 Foreign language prestige in Egypt In her paper language, state and class in Egypt, Haeri (1997) investigates the influence of the increasing prestige of foreign language on the relationship between the official language which is classical Arabic and dominant social classes in Egypt. Due to the influence of globalization, the need for proficiency in a European language has become a necessity in Egypt. Hence, a big sector of schools called private schools have focused on foreign language education; consequently, leading to two different systems of education with two different linguistic perspectives. One is supporting the official language, namely classical Arabic and another marginalizing it (Haeri, 1997). The needs of the labor market in Egypt, especially for occupations of the upper middle class require proficiency in foreign languages rather than classical Arabic. For example, working in a bank, research, television production and even working in diplomatic positions require multilingual knowledge, a matter which enhances multilingual and bilingual education for the upper and upper-middle class. Moreover, it was claimed that the colloquial variety accepts foreign borrowed words and hence sometimes it is not even classified as classical Arabic. 2.4.4 Gender and Prestigious Variety of Arabic Research in sociolinguistics has found that women use classical Arabic less than men in all social classes (Haeri, 1987; Ibrahim, 1986). Moreover, it was claimed that contrary to general rule of the positive correlation between the upper class and the standard official language, in Egypt the upper class are found to be less professional in classical Arabic. This was due to the 18
enrollment of the upper class in private schools that focused on foreign languages, English and French rather than classical Arabic (Haeri, 1966). However, according to Haeri (1997), classical Arabic is still found in printed media sold by street vendors, on childrens book captions and in the instructions on match boxes. In his attempt to explore any differences between the standard Arabic and the variety considered prestigious, Ibrahim (1986) investigated gender speech. Ibrahim refers to three main findings. First, the prestigious variety is the standard Arabic across the different Arab countries, Egypt, Syria and Iraq. Second, the standard prestigious variety occurred in men‟s speech more than women. Finally, the second finding contradicts the common norm in western countries where prestigious variety is related to women‟s speech more than men. Ibrahim tries to find an answer to the question if classical Arabic is not used daily nor is the native language of any Arabs, what can be the H variety or the prestigious variety used by the upper class. He concludes then that Schmidt found a prestigious variety in Egyptian upper class men and women that is different from the standard Arabic. Consequently, results of all research that indicated that women do not use the prestigious variety as men were criticized due to his criticism of their definition to the H variety of Arabic. Ibrahim argues that the prestigious variety is not the standard Arabic; it is, however, a form of the L variety that is agreed upon by the society as prestigious. Hence, this prestigious L variety is the one that is rich with most of the socioeconomic connotations needed for claiming higher social status. Therefore, this research has investigated the frequency of classical Arabic words, loan words, and religious words across genders of the same speech community or same social class.
19
3.0 Research Design and Methodology 3.1Procedures 3.1.1 Exploratory Observations: To conduct this study, the researchers needed to start form where every sociologist should, namely to delimit the variables and also to delimit the social classes. To delimit the variables, the researchers depended on their observations when they had casual conversations with maids, street vendors and shop assistants. Accordingly, the researchers came up with a list of phonological variables and their variants as well as some lexical and morphological items that they noticed when they talked to different people. All the dependent and independent variables will be mentioned and discussed in detail in section 3.4 below. 3.1.2 Data Collection and Eliciation (Appendix G and Appendux H): Since the variables were already decided on, the researchers set to get their data through two activities. The first was the use of pictures that could stimulate the production of the phonological and morphological variables under investigation (Appendix G). The second activity was a semi-structured interview to elicit all the possible lexical varieties the researchers expected to find as mentioned above (Appendix H). The researchers decided to have a semi-structured interview because of two main reasons. First, the researchers went to different places and were not always together during the elicitation of the data, so they thought they could have some topics to discuss as a start point. These included questions related to prices of different items, medical services, education, women‟s rights, the revolution of January 25, 2011, children, cooking, etc. Second, the researchers wanted the participants to feel at ease and wanted to pick up the cues that could make them feel comfortable to be able to produce as many sentences as possible so that the data could be valid and reliable. (Wolfram and Fasold, 1974). Besides, the 20
researchers wanted to limit the participants‟ consciousness so as to speak freely. That‟s why they did not want to be holding pieces of papers all the time since that would intimidate some people. At the same time, the researchers did not want to make them suspicious since there was one question about the revolution. When the researchers felt that the participants were skeptic of this question, they just moved on to another one. (Wolfram and Fasold, 1974). In other words, the researchers did not want to impede the flow of the conversation if the interviewee decided or preferred to talk about some other issues. Each interview ranged from 6 to 20 minutes depending on the interviewee‟s willingness to participate and speak freely about the different topics. All interviews were audio- recorded using a Cannon camera, a Sony Camera, or an iPhone after taking permission from the interviewees. 3.1.3 Sampling of Population: After deciding on the variables and the elicitation tools, the researchers had to decide on the social classes that will be the focus of the study. The researchers decided on three main factors: education, residence and occupation which are some of the factors used by Trudgill (1974) and the exact ones used by Shuy, Wolfram, and Riley (1968). Since different scales are used by different sociolinguisst, the researchers decided to follow the footsteps of Shuy, Wolfram, and Riley (1968) of having a five-point scale. As for education, the researchers decided on five main criteria: post graduate studies, university education with a degree, high school education with a degree (agricultural or industrial diploma), some basic education, and no education (illiteracy). As for occupation, the researchers decided on five main criteria as well: executives of large businesses, executives of medium-sized businesses, semiprofessionals/ owners of small businesses, skilled and semi-skilled workers and no occupation (beggars). Concerning the third factor, it is residence and it also had five main criteria: posh 21
neighborhoods, normal, respectable neighborhoods (like Nasr City and Heliopolis), neighborhoods that lost their big names (like Abbassia and downtown), public places (shaabeya), and clan cities (ashwaeyat). The following table shows this division: Residence
0
1
2
Posh
Normal,
Neighborhoods Public
Clan Cities
that lost their
(ashwaeyat)
neighborhood respectable
(Zamalek and neighborhoods big names Garden City)
(Nasr City and Heliopolis)
3
places (shaabeya)
(Abbassia and
like Elsaf
downtown)
and Dar
4
Like Dewea
Elsalam Education
0
1
2
3
4
MA or PhD
BA
Diploma
Basic
No
(agricultural or
education
education
industrial)
Occupation 0
1
(illiteracy)
2
3
4
Executives of Executives of
Semi-
Skilled/
No
large
medium-sized
professionals/
semi-
profession
businesses
businesses
owners of
skilled
(beggars)
small
workers
businesses
22
After reaching this division, the researchers decided to do the calculations following the footsteps of Shuy, Wolfram, and Riley (1968). After giving each of the participants a score for each of the three factors, the scores were then multiplied by different numbers. They were multiplied by 5 for education, 6 for residence, and 9 for occupation. Accordingly the maximum score for any residence-education-occupation combination is 80 points and the minimum is 0 points. So, these 80 points were subdivided to 5 classes (the same division used by Trudgill, 1974). The higher the score, the lower the social class. The division is as follows: 0-16 Middle Middle Class (MMC) 17-32 Lower Middle Class (LMC) 33- 48 Middle Working Class (MWC) 49-64 Middle Working Class (MWC) 65-80 Lower Working Class (LWC) 3.1.4 Fieldwork Ethics To be completely honest, the researchers told the participants that the research was mainly about the Arabic language. Still, they did not tell them that it was about social classes; they just said that they wanted to see how Egyptians speak nowadays as opposed to the past. The researchers also told them they would like to record what was being said because the researchers would not remember everything since there were so many participants and would have to listen to the recording one more time. 3.1.5 Participants: 23
Having decided on all the variables and social classes, the researchers finally started having their interviews with different people so as to fill out their table. A total of thirty-six participants were finally chosen for the study: twelve in the lower working class, twelve in the middle working class and twelve in the middle class. To include gender as an independent variable, the researchers interviewed six men and six women in every single class: Lower Working Class: 12 (6 males and 6 females)- Appendix A and Appendix B Middle Working Class: 12 (6 males and 6 females)- Appendix C and Appendix D Middle Middle Class: 12 (6 males and 6 females)- Appendix E and Appendix F The researchers decided to visit different social places that range from lower to upper social settings to collect the data. The researchers ended up going to the following places: 1. Al-Sayeda Nafeesa Mosque (Cemetry) The researchers just visited the area without prior arrangements or planning. The interviewees were beggars and street vendors. 2. Hairdresser’s: The researchers went to some hairdresser‟s shops and talked to some of the assistants who work there without any prior arrangement. 3. Darb 1718 (Old Cairo) The researchers contacted Ms. May Shehab, the Director of the Contemporary Art and Culture Center located in Kasr El Shame‟ St, Al Fakhareen, Old Cairo, by email, and she specified a certain day to go and meet with the workers. The reason for contacting her was mainly to make sure that the researchers would be safe. 4.
NMEC (National Museum of Egyptian Civilization), Fostat, Old Cairo
24
The researchers contacted one of the employees, who happened to be one of the students of one of the researchers at the American University in Cairo, who arranged for a visit to the museum. The researchers went to the museum and met with different workers there. 5. Al-Ahly Club in Nasr City The researchers had different interviews with members of the club without any prior arrangement.
6. The American University in Cairo, Tahrir Campus Since some of the researchers work at the School of Continuing Education (SCE) at the American University in Cairo (AUC), they decided to have some interviews with some o the instructors and program managers there. It is worth mentioning that in order to interview thirty-six people who belong to different social classes, the researchers had to talk to an even bigger number of people. That‟s because after having the interview, some proved to belong to a class that is different from what the researcher thought he/ she would belong to. For example, a person who would clearly, based on the researcher‟s perception, belong to the lower class ended up being in Middle Working class because of his residence. Similarly, a person who would seem to fit in the middle middle class ended up fitting in a lower class because even though he/ she was very successful in terms of his/ her occupation, he/ she never got his/ her BA. This actually reflects how perceptions can sometimes be deceiving, and that is why the researchers depended on their calculations to ensure that the participants were a true reflection of the criteria decided upon for this research. 3.2 Variables In this study, there are dependent and independent variables. 3.2.1 Independent variables 25
They are mainly two: the social class (lower working class, middle working class and middle middle class) and gender (males and females). 3.2.2 Dependent Variables 3.2.2.1 Lexical variables They are mainly six: 1. Classical Arabic (Standard Arabic) 2. Religious expressions 3. Loan words (mainly from English and French) 4. Proverbs 5. Apologies and embarrassment words (when apologies are used but there is actually no need for apologies i.e. )الِإافنح 6. Local words (words that mainly characterize those of the lower classes i.e. ثوكن/اكٌٛا/اٌجذ 3.2.2.2 Phonological Variables 3.2.2.2.1 Vowel Variation They are mainly three: 1. Using a long [aa] instead of a short [a] (“jaakit” instead of “jacket”) 2. Insertion of the vowel sound [a] in words like “sandwich” and “toilet”, so they become “sandawech” and “tawalet” 3. Substituting the vowel [i] with [o] (“sogara” instead of “sigara”) 3.2.2.2.2 Consonant Substitution They are mainly eight:
26
1. Using [b] for [p] (bantalon instead of pantalon) 2. Using [m] instead of [b] (manateel instead of banateel (bantalonat)) 3. Using [d] instead of [b] (lamda instead of lamba) 4. Using [n] instead of [m] (landa instead of lamba) 5. Using [sh] instead of [s] (shadawetchat instead of sandawetchat) 6. Using [t:] instead of [t ]̪ (betchengan instead of betengan) 7. Using [z] instead of [s] (micobazzat instead of microbassat) 8. Using [q] instead of [k] (qamara instead of camera)
3.2.2.2.2.1 Metathesis This is mainly clear in the use of “anareb” instead of “arabeb”. 3.2.2.3 Morphological variable: This is mainly clear in the use of the broken plural instead of the sound feminine plural (banateel instead of bantalonat) 4.0 Data Analysis and Discussion In an attempt to analyze the data collected, the researchers utilized excel sheets ro calculate the percentages of frequencies with regars to the lexical variables, whereas raw scores were considered for the phonological and morphological variables due to the fact that the phonological and morphological data were observed using pictures. Accordingly, each word was said only once by each participant, and hence, the number of participants using each variable was counted. There was no need to calculate percentages as the numbers of participants in each social and group were equal (12 particpants for social class and six for 27
gender groups). The data was also confirmed via spss software using ANOVA. However, the researchers preferred to use simple excel sheets due to thelow percentages of some variables to be considered statistically significant by the ANOVA (Appendix I). 4.1 Lexical Variation 4.1.1 Variation across social classes 4.1.1.1 Classical words
Classical Social Class
Arabic words
Lower Working
0.974
Middle Working
1.632
Middle Middle
8.49
As it is clear from the graph and the table, the middle middle class used 8.49%, while the middle working class and the lower working class used 1.63% and 0.97% respectively. This shows that there is an increase in the use of classical Arabic once one moves up to a higher class. The percentages finely stratify the middle middle from the other lower classes. That is because when it comes to the middle middle class, there is a difference of around 6.2% between middle working class and the middle middle class, while there is a difference of around 0.6% between the lower working and middle working. This is an interesting finding because it suggests that 28
well-educated people resort to classical Arabic unconsciously even if they are having a very casual speech in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It is worth mentioning that the use of classical Arabic seemed to be more natural to the researcher when it came from those who belonged to the middle middle class as it was suitable for the flow of the conversation. For instance, a program manager at the AUC used “خ٠ي١ٍاٌٍغخ االٔغand بهادِٙ but they were very natural coming from such an educated person. However, one of the lower working class women said ل٠ي االٚ ِزٕبwhich is very unexpected from an illiterate person. Another two examples come from a man from the lower working class and another from the middle working class where the former said “مخ١ٔ اand the latter said “‟اٌغالء. This can be explained in terms of three possible explanations. The first is a desire to belong to a higher group which is a case of hypercorrectness. The second is a desire to mingle with a lot of people who are well-educated and the third is the television. It could have an effect as well because there are plenty of talk shows that are watched by all members of the community nowadays because of the political instability. A lot of well-educated people come as guests on these shows, and they actually do resort to classical Arabic; consequently, there seems to be an indirect influence on people‟s linguistic choices. 4.1.1.2 Loan words SC
Loan words
Lower Working
0
Middle Working Middle Middle
29
0 1.31
The use of loan words is highly stratifying since it was only used by the middle middle class, with a percentage of 1.31%, and not at all, 0%, with the lower working and middle working classes. Lots of the middle middle class participants used words like “just”, “diagnosis”, investors”, “businessmen”, etc. This actually is not surprising since all of them are very welleducated people who use English, and sometimes French, in their everyday life. It seems normal for the middle middle class to code switch even though all the questions were asked in Arabic. Accordingly, education seems to have an effect on their overall behavior. 4.1.1.3 Religious words Religious SC words Lower Working
1.52
Middle Working
1.22
Middle Middle
0.23
Concerning the use of religious words, they were mostly used by the lower working class with a percentage of 1.52% followed by the middle working class with a percentage of 1.22%. The percentage then went down by almost 1% in the middle middle class since these words represented only 0.23%. Accordingly, one can say that the percentage goes down gradually from the lower working to the middle working classes. Then there is a clear drop with the middle middle class. One would assume that if there were other classes in the middle, there could have been a very gradual decrease. This suggests that the lower the class, the more the use of religious expressions is. This in itself is very interesting because when the researchers
30
looked at the data, they noticed that the lower and middle working classes would resort to the use of اٌؾّل هللand ًَٙ٠ هثٕبas well as verses from the Quran (even if they don‟t say it very accurately). The lower class used religious expressions for commenting on a situation as in “ ٌٍُٙا ٟ ع إٌجٍٟٕ” where a man used it to recall what he was saying. Moreover, they used religious expressions as a response to the interviewer‟s thanking them as in “ٟى١ٍق٠ ”هثٕبand “ٕغؾه٠ ”هثٕب. The middle middle class used religious words only when they were thanking God for what they had and the two words which were mostly used were اٌؾّل هللand ْٔىو هثٕب. One might want to conclude that the lower the class, the more religious people are, but the researchers would not say that this is the case. That is because even though a man from the middle working class said that he did not pray (not very religious), he used a lot of religious words. Accordingly, it could be a matter of habit or a tradition that is part and parcel of their upbringing but does not necessarily reflect any real religious attitudes. Of course, more research has to be done in order to reach conclusive results. 4.1.1.4 Proverbs
SC Lower Working
0
Middle Working
0.04
Middle Middle
31
Proverbs
0.1
It is very clear from the table and the graph that the proverbs were mostly used by the middle middle class with a percentage of 0.1% followed by the middle working class with a percentage of 0.04% but then it was never used by the lower working group. Accordingly, one can say the higher the class, the more the use of the proverbs is. Still, one has to say that this may be contrary to expectations. One would always assume that the lower class members would use proverbs since they represent the very basic notion of what a culture is about. The higher the class, the more affected the members are by the English and French cultures which may not make them so much attached to their culture. However, this is not the case in this study. This could reflect the unconscious need to belong to one‟s culture. Still, more studies could be done in this area in order to be able to decide if this is really the case or not. A very interesting point to mention here is that one male participant who belonged to the middle working class used a Chinese proverb: ٗ ؽغو١ِ ف١ِ رْوة ِٕٗ ِزوٌٝو ا١ي اٌجٛئ١ ثٕٝ١ٕ ًَِ ٗ١ ف. This was surprising to the researcher since one would assume that the lower classes‟ knowledge would be restricted to their own culture- if any. This can also be related to being in touch with some educated people or watching TV. 4.1.1.5 Apologies
SC Lower Working
0.12
Middle Working
0.06
Middle Middle
32
Apologies
0
As for apologies, which are words that reflect self-consciousness about the interview like ٖالِإافن, they were clearly stratifying as the lower working class used it 0.12% and then it went down by 50% as the middle working class used it 0.06 % only. It then went down to be 0% with the middle middle class. This means that the lower the social class is, the higher the use of apologies is. As a matter of fact, the researchers noticed that the lower working class and the middle working class used the expression “ ”الِإافنحeven if there was nothing to apologize for. They would just use it in the middle of any sentence regardless of the content. It seems more of a habit when talking to a person who seems to belong to a higher social class. The researchers believe that this could be explained by one of three reasons. The first is that this actually reflects a great sense of self-awareness regarding their social class. The second is the desire to be very polite, with the researcher or any other stranger, which leads to a kind of excessive use of certain words which would not normally be used with members of the same class or members of the family. The third is that it is just the way they talk, and they just got used to it. Since the participants seemed to be at ease with the researchers, the researchers believe it has nothing to do with selfconsciousness, but it is rather a desire to be very polite which led to the excessive use of these words. 4.1.1.6 Local words SC
33
Local words
Lower Working
2.04
Middle Working
2.49
Middle Middle
0.29
Local words refer to the use of some words which would characterize the lower working classes. However, this was not actually the case, as the graph shows, the middle working used it more than the lower working class. The lower working class used it 2.04% while the middle working class used it 2.49% with a difference of 0.45%. It then went down by 2.20% with the use of the middle middle class. One important point to mention is related to the fact that these words were used by the middle middle class, they are still considered to be socially stratifying, and they distinguish the middle middle class from the other two lower groups. Another point is that one would assume the use of the local words to decrease gradually as you go up the social classes, this is not the case here. Still, there is not a great difference between the lower working and middle working classes; hence; these words are still considered to be characteristic of both. The words which were used include “ ”َِزىٍّٗ ِؼب٘بto refer to finishing one‟s education, “ْ ”اٌغلػبto refer to sons, “ْ ”كفبto refer to cigarettes and “ٝ ”اٌَذ ثزبػزto refer to the wife. The middle middle class also used “َ ”اٌّلاthough they could easily say “ٝ”ِوار. This can also be explained in terms of the culture which does not prefer one to say the name of wives in public, which shows how the culture is entrenched deep in the society. This is actually the same reason mentioned in the use of proverbs above, which is truly the case with the middle middle class. At the same time, it could also be related to “social incongruence” (Labov, 2006, p. 132). This means that even though a person might belong to a certain social class, he/ she diplays features in speech that are characteristic of another social class which might be because of moving up the social class or just because of certain social networks the person is associated with.
34
4.1.2 Variation Across Genders of the Same Social Group
4.1.2.1 Lower Working Class Gender Variation
Social
Total
Classical
Loan
Religious
Local
words
Arabic
words Expressions Proverbs Apologies words
Gender Class Lower
Women
1697
0.707
0
1.71
0
0.18
2.77
Working
Men
2251
1.91
0
2.53
0
0.18
3.02
Results show clear differences between men and women in the lower working class with regards to some of the lexical variables; namely classical Arabic words, religious expressions and the use of local words, with very slight differences for the last variable though.
35
4.1.2.1.1
Classical Arabic words
It is clear from the table and the graph that men used classical Arabic words more than women. Men used them with percentage of 1.91 while women showed less than half of this percentage 0.707. This could be due to men‟s aspiration to better chances in life or due to their open networks. One of the men, for example, went to the illiteracy program and used the word “بٙاٌلرٚ” for “her mother” instead of using “بِٙ”أfor instance. Another parking helper- what we call „Sayes‟ in Egypt- did not attend school, but he said he was literate and read ElDostour newspaper. Another man who worked in a local café ٟعٛٙ لused the word “يٚ”ثزلا. A third illiterate mentioned the word “ٖ ”ؽغوwhen talking about his residence. Women, on the other hand, did not use classical Arabic words as they were more interested to talk about food recipes and family issues and did not show such aspiration in media, politics and literacy programs as men did.
4.1.2.1.2 Religious Expressions
The data revealed a clear difference between men and women with regards to the use of religious expressions. While women produced 1.71 percent of religious expressions in their speech, men produced 2.53 percent. One man, for example ,said “ٌٝ رؼبٚ ٗٔ ”هثٕب ٍجؾبinstead of only saying “”هثٕب. May be this is due to attending Friday prayers in the mosque which is an Egyptian custom that applies only to men rather than women or due to their interest in politics and watching media shows.
36
4.1.2.1.3 Local words There is a difference concerning the use of local words between lower working men and women. While women produced 2.77 percent, women produced 3.02 with a slight difference of 0.25%. Hence, it is clear that the social class effect is stronger than gender in this concern since both together were the highest social class to produce local words. This difference between men and women could be due to the effect of their networks as well. Men used the word “ ”أٍّوinstead of „كٍٛ اwhich was not the case for women. Moreover, men were more courageous to use some words like a man who described his wife as “ٗ ”ِزقٍفfor her preference to baby boys more than baby girls.
4.1.2.1.4 Non gender-stratifying lexical variables
The other three lexical variables, apology expressions, loan words and proverbs did not reveal any differences between genders in the lower class since proverbs and loan words did not occur in the speech of the lower class at all. Apologies, though used by the two gender groups, the percentages were exactly equal: 0.18%. Hence, results concerning those three lexical variables were mainly influenced by social class differences rather than gender differences.
4.1.2.2 Middle Working Class Gender Variation
Social
Total
Classic
Loan
Religious
Prover
Apologie
Local
words
al
words
Expression
bs
s
words
Gender Class
37
Arabic Middle
s
Female
1553
1.481
0
0.71
0
0
1.93
Male
3104
1.707
0
1.48
0.06
0.1
2.77
Workin g
4.1.2.2.1 Religious Expressions: Lexical variation across gender in the middle working class appeared mostly in the use of religious expressions with 0.71% for women and 1.48% for men; local words with 1.93% for women and 2.77% for men. Classical Arabic showed very slight variation of 1.48% for women and 1.707% for men. The difference in the use of religious expressions reached 0.77% between men and women. It differed due to men‟s reference to Qura‟nic verse or hadeeth sometimes. This might be due to the 38
custom of going to the mosque every Friday or their aspiration to more standard forms or the prestige accompanied with religious knowledge and wisdom in this social class. 4.1.2.2.2 Local words Local words were the second significant differentiating variable between men and women in the middle working class. 2.77 percent of men‟s speech included local words in contrast to 1.707% for women; a matter which is expected and complies with the nature of men to use the vernacular (Holmes, 2001) as it shows openness to more social networks and machismo. 4.1.2.2.3 Classical Arabic Classical Arabic words showing slight difference between the speech of men and women should not be considered as a gender style stigmatizing variable in the middle working class. As the difference between the production of these words across the two gender groups was only 0.22 %. However, it is still important to mention that men used more classical Arabic words than women. It is important to note that these results are completely different from that on gender groups in the lower working class where men‟s data showed more than double the percentage of classical Arabic words used by women: 1.91% for men in contrast to 0.707% for women. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the higher the social class, the lesser the gap is between genders concerning the use of classical Arabic words. 4.1.2.2.4 Proverbs and apologies Proverbs and apologies almost did not occur in the speech of both gender groups. As clear in the table and graph, a null percentage shows in the speech of women and only 0.1% and 0.06% for apologies and proverbs in the speech of men, respectively. Men used more apology words than
39
men as in “ٖ ”ال ِإفنbefore mentioning the word toilet. This could be due to the interviewer effect (Holmes, 2001) as the interviewer was a female and being of a different gender; may be few men found it necessary to apologize before mentioning the word toilet . In general, the use of apology words in middle working class men should not be considered significant due to its low percentage. The same applies to the use of proverbs. Though used only in the speech of men rather than women, it was a very low percentage to be considered as stigmatizing gender speech. 4.1.2.3 Middle Middle Class Gender Variation Social
Total
Classical Loan
Religious
Local
Gender Class
words Arabic
words Expressions Proverbs Apologies words
Middle
Women
2509
6.297
2.23
0.28
0
0
0.32
Middle
Men
2670
10.562
0.45
0.19
0.19
0
0.26
40
4.1.2.3.1 Classical Arabic and Loan Words: The results showed that classical Arabic words and loan words are the two gender stratifying lexical variables across genders of the middle middle class. Similar to the lower working class, men used much higher percentage 10.56% of classical Arabic words than women 6.29%. This could be due to the influence of the topics they were concerned in as men suggested solutions for education, electricity cut off and discussed politics more than women who always related topics to their children and family issues. For example, a woman when asked to discuss the problem of education, she talked about her children and how they dealt with their teachers and their carelessness. On the other hand, a man who was asked to discuss the same problem, talked about policies and strategies in improving education. The same pattern applied to a woman journalist who was asked about the problem of electricity cut off. She talked about an incident where they were in a coffee shop and electricity was cut off, while a retired general discussed the causes and suggested procedures to be taken in order to solve the problem. The difference in the perspectives of men and women could be the main reason for the difference in the use of classical Arabic words. Women personalize topics, and hence, use less classical Arabic words than men who discuss problems as a general societal problem. Loan words or foreign words is another significant lexical variable that highly differentiates men‟s from women‟s speech in the middle middle class. It is clear from the table and graph that women use foreign words 2.23% more than men 0.45%. words from English and French were used by women in referring to a “box” rather than "ءٚ"ٕٕل. A woman who was a a public relations manager mentioned “exposure ب١ٔ " ٌٍل, a mother referred to her children‟s “homework”
41
rather than اعتٚ. One used the word “ok” when asking for confirmation. Men on the other hand did not use loan words except rarely when a business man used “say هّٛٙ ”اهثغ. 4.1.2.3.2 Religious, proverbs, apology, and local words: Other lexical variables namely religious expressions, proverbs, apology and local words were not different in the speech of men and women as they did not occur in the speech of this middle middle class in general. Such variables were more used by lower social classes and hence showed social class effect rather than gender effect. 4.1.3 Variations across the same gender group of the three social classes 4.1.3.1 Variation across women in the three social classes
Total Social Class
Classical
Loan
Religious
Local
words
Expressions Proverbs Apologies words
Gender words Arabic
Lower Working
Women
1697
0.707
0
1.71
0
0.18
2.77
Women
1553
1.481
0
0.71
0
0
1.93
Women
2509
6.297
2.23
0.28
0
0
0.32
Middle Working Middle Middle
42
The findings in the graph and table show four finely stratifying variables across women of lower working, middle working and middle middle classes: classical Arabic words, loan words, religious expressions, and local words. 4.1.3.1.1. Classical Arabic words The findings reveal a high difference between the percentage of the middle middle class, 6.29%, and the other two lower social classes: 0.707% for the lower working class and 1.48 for the middle working class. There is a slight variation between the lower working class and the middle working. Nevertheless, the difference between the middle working class and the middle middle class is of much higher significance, 6.29% for the middle middle in contrast to 1.48% for the middle working class. This shows that the use of classical Arabic words can finely stratify middle middle class women from women of lower social classes. Classical Arabic words were clear in the speech of middle middle class women that even some used words like “خ ّؼتٙ”ئٔزفب and another used “ٍِِٗٗ وبٛ”ِٕظ. Referring to similar situations, the middle middle class women 43
said about her sons ب٠ٓ ِؼب١ّ١ ِمwhile the lower working class said “ٗ٠ب١٠ٚ ”ئبػل. They also used words as “ ”ثْهي ِبand “ٗ١ئٗ ٍٍج٠ ”ثطوand ذ١ اٌجٟط فٚاٌي. 4.1.3.1.2 Loan words Results of loan words show that they were only used by the middle middle women reaching 2.23% whereas the other two lower groups did not use them at all with 0% for each group. This makes loan and foreign words one of the sharply stratifying lexical variables across women in different social classes. Women in the middle middle class mentioned „Nescafe‟ instead of “ٖٛٙ”ئ though they were asked about a picture that actually showed a Turkish cup of coffee rather than the European mug of Nescafe. They also used „pantacourts‟, „Eiffel‟ ثوطFrench, „sauce‟ for cooking ٗ َِئؼinspite of the fact that it is one of the eastern Egyptian recipes. These results indicate that code switching to English and French codes is correlated with higher prestige and sometimes with being feminine since the interviewer was a female as well. 4.1.3.1.3 Religious Expressions The results revealed that religious expressions are socially stratifying due to being used more by lower working women 1.71% rather than middle working 0.71% and middle middle women who were the least to use them 0.28%. When lower working women were thanked by the interviewer at the end, their answers included religious expressions like ٟى١ٍق٠ هثٕبand ًائٚ ِٓ األٟب هة رطٍؼ٠. women in the middle middle class, however, only said “merci” in French or ٛ اٌؼف. the only religious expressions used by the middle middle women and led to the 0.28% were ٌٍٟٙاٚ for showing astonishment and اٌّورجبد ِبّبء هللا ئٍذ. Low working women, on the other hand, used اٌؾّل هللafter speaking about their living conditions, praying for the interviewer or even saying a hadeeth. One said ا أِو هللا ٔبفيٚ ثوكٚ ُاْ ِب ٕجورُ وفورٚ اِو هللا ٔبفيٚ ُاْ ٕجورُ اعور. 44
4.1.3.1.4 Local words Similar to the two previous variables, local words stratify women of the middle middle class from women of the lower working class. The difference between the lower working class 2.77% and the middle middle class women 0.32% is highly significant. The results of the lower working class 2.77% and the middle working class 1.93% show much less difference than that between the middle middle class 0.32% and any of them. This indicates that the lower working women and middle working women are closer in their use of local words while it is a variable that sharply stratifies women of the middle middle class and women of the various degrees of working classes. Examples of local words used by the lower working women were ٗؼ٠ِغجْٗ اٌزقل ٕٗهٛئ. What is interesting is the use of different words in the same context. Where lower working women used ٌٟئب١ر, middle middle women used ٞ رؾّوand ذ٠ٗ ى١ٕ٘رل. The lower working class women used ٗٛٚأand ِٗٛ رwhile middle middle women used ُّٛبٛand َٛر. 4.1.3. 1.5 Apologies Though the results of the frequency of apology words were very low to indicate social stratification, it was only used by the lower working women 0.18% and was used by neither the middle working nor the middle middle classes reaching 0%. Such expressions were used rarely by one woman before some pictures like ْل ػٕه رؼجب١ثؼ. 4.1.3.4.1.6 Proverbs Results indicated that women in all three social classes did not resort to the use of proverbs. Though it seems it is not considered one of the characteristics of women any more.
45
4.1.3.2 Variation across men in the three social classes
Social Class
Total
Classical Loan
words
Arabic
Local
Gender words
Religious Proverbs Apologies words
Lower Working
Men
2251
1.91
0
2.53
0
0.18
3.02
Men
3104
1.707
0
1.48
0.06
0.1
2.77
Men
2670
10.562
0.45
0.19
0.19
0
0.26
Middle Working Middle Middle
Results concerning variation of lexical variables across men in the three social classes point at three important variables: classical Arabic words, religious expressions and local words.
46
4.1.3.2.1 Classical Arabic Words While men of the middle middle class had 10.56% of classical Arabic words, the other two working classes had very close percentages of 1.91% for the lower working men and 1.7% for the middle working men. These findings show that the use of classical Arabic words is a finely stratifying variable between men in the middle middle class and those in the lower and middle working classes. However, it also shows that the preference of men in the lower working and middle working classes to use classical Arabic is very close with only 0.2% difference. Many of the participants in the middle middle group used classical Arabic words in most of their speech. They used words like جبءٛ أ،ٓ١ٍ كاه،ٓ اٌغبِؼبد١غ٠ فو،ِٗٛ ِٕظ،لبئل. Few classical Arabic words appeared in the interviews of the lower working class men as ٖؽغو, ب١ٌ ؽبand بٙاٌلرٚ. 4.1.3.2.2. Religious expressions Religious expressions were socially stratifying due to being used only by the lower working class with 2.53% as shown in the table and middle working with 1.48% rather than men in the middle middle class who showed only 0.19%. Lower working class men said words like ٍٗجٗ هثٕب و١غ٠ ٌٍٟا ٌ٠ٛوand َزون٠ هللاthat were not used by men in the middle middle class. 4.1.3.2.3 Local words The results in the table and the graph indicate that local words were highly stratifying men across the middle middle and the two working classes. Whereas the percentages were very close for the lower working class 3.02% and the middle working class 2.77%, it was highly different between them and the middle middle, who almost did not use such words reaching 0.26%. While most vendors after mentioning their jobs as sellers of tissues or newspapers, they referred to their jobs as ٟئٚأهى, men in the middle middle class referred to their jobs as ٖأػّبي ؽو. Though socially they 47
were not seen the same way, the lower working class men did not see it as small kind of business. Lower working men mentioned local words as ْٟ١ ثبٍوػ ثٍإِخ ػand ٖ ولٍٝا ػٚىٛارغ. The very few local words used by men in the middle middle class were as ٜ١ؼ٠ اك أػلٌٛاand ٍٝػْوٖ ػ ٖػْو. 4.1.3.2.4 Apologies Apologies were rarely used by all groups though completely disappearing from the speech of the men in the middle middle class with 0% and being used only as 0.18% for the lower working class and 0.1 in the middle working class. Apologies were used by the working classes before mentioning pictures or topics which they may value as embarrassing for the hearer like mentioning the word toilet, for example, where they mentioned َالِإفنٖ ؽّب. 4.1.3.2.5 Loan Words Loan words did not occur at all in the speech of men in the two working classes with 0% for both and occurred with a very low percentage of 0.45 in the speech of middle middle men. This was mentioned before as loan words were mainly used by women of the middle middle class more than men. 4.1.3.2.6 Proverbs Proverbs were used by men in the middle middle class with 0.19% and 0.06% in the middle working class and reached a null 0% in the lower working class. One of the participants in the middle middle class mixed a proverb with classical Arabic words saying ٌٛ اؽلٚ ب لبئلٙ١ٌ اٌّووتٞى رغوءٞ اٌّووت اٌّووت كٟٓ لبكٖ ف١ٕ عُ ارand another one in the same social class mentioned an original proverb ٟٕ٠ال رغلٚ ٟٕ١ٌه الئٛئ١ ثٌٍٟػبهفٗ اٌّضً ا. Such proverbs show this class‟ ability to use all tools
48
to express their ideas; a matter which was lacking in men of the lower working class who did not have a strong ability to express their ideas that the illiterate ones even had very short answers for the interviewers questions. 4.2 Phonological Variations 4.2.1 Vowel Variation 4.2.1.1 Vowel Variation Across Social Classes
Lower
Middle
Middle
work
work
Middle
7
8
3
adding
12
8
3
vowel a
6
0
0
o for i
6
2
0
V.
long vowel a: instead of short a
Concerning vowels, the most stratifying sound was adding a vowel by the lower working class in
words like “sandwitch” and “toilet”. Twelve out of twelve i.e. all the lower class members said “sanadwetch” and not “sandwich”. Besides, six out of twelve said “tawalet” instead of “toilet”. This was actually followed by eight out of twelve in the middle working class who said “sandawetch”. None of the middle working class said “tawalet”. The reason for this is that most
49
of them used the word “23det 7amam” and did not resort to the word “toilet” at all. The number then fell significantly with the middle middle class as three out of twelve said “sandawetch” and “none said “tawalet”. The reason is that these two words in particular are loan words so it is only normal the more educated the person is, the more he will be able to say these originally English and French words (since toilet has English and French pronunciations). As for the use of a long vowel instead of a short one, this was exemplified in the word “jaakit” instead of “jacket”. The two lower classes, the lower working and the middle working, said it more than 50% of the time, while the middle middle class did not say it that much: only 25% said it with a long vowel. According has to say that this is finely stratifying as well. As for using “o” instead of “I”, this was mainly in the use of “sogara” versus “sigara”. It was finely stratifying for the lower working class as six out of twelve said “sogara”, while nobody said it as such in the middle middle class. Only 2 out of twelve said “sogara” as well which is less than 25%. Accordingly, “sogara” seems significantly representative of the lower working class.
50
4.2.1.2 Vowel Variation Across Gender of the Same Social Class 4.2.1.2.1 Gender Differences in the Lower Working Class
Variable
Lower Working Class Women
Men
5
2
6
6
4
2
4
2
long vowel a: instead of short a
adding vowel a
o for i As for men and women in the lower working
class, men and women showed some similarities as well as differences. Concerning the greatest similarity, it was in the addition of a vowel to the word “sandawetch”. Actually, all women and men said “sandawetch” while 4 out of 6 women said “tawalet” and only two out of 6 men said “tawalet”. The ones who did not say “tawalet” did not really say it right. They actually did not say it at all as they used words like “َ ”أػلد ؽّبor “ذ اٌواؽخ١”ث. As for “sogara” instead of “sigara”, more women said it as such as 4 out of 6 women said it as “sogara”, while 2 out of 6 men said as “sigara”. From all of these similarities and differences, one can say that women in the lower working class exhibited more characteristics of the lower working class linguistic choices than that of men in the lower working class. 51
4.2.1.2.2 Gender differences in the middle working class
Variable
Middle Working Class Women
Men
3
5
3
5
0
0
1
1
long vowel a: instead of short a
adding vowel a
o for i Middle working class men and women showed
very interesting results as unlike the lower working class, where women had more characteristics than men in the sounds that are typical of their class, the middle working class men showed more characteristics that are typical of middle working class. That is because 3 out of 6 women (50%) said “jaakit” and not “jacket” and “sandawetch” and not “sandwich”, while 5 out of 6 men had this pronunciation. As for “o” versus “I” in “sigara”, only one woman and one man said it with the “o” sound. A very interesting finding is that though there was a vowel insertion with the word “sandawetch”, this did not happen with the word “tawalet”. Again, this does not necessarily reflect an awareness of such foreign pronunciation, but it actually reflects differences in the use of lexical items as most of the men used “ٖ ”األػلand “"َ"أػلد ؽّب. Women seem to be more aware of the pronunciation because women seem to aspire to reach a better social standard. In fact, lots of the middle class women worked at a hairdresser‟s in Heliopolis, and they said it 52
using correct English pronunciation. This can actually be the effect of networking as well; these women interact daily with middle middle class women, so they hear them say the word “toilet” in the right way. 4.2.1.2.3 Gender Differences in the Middle Middle Class Middle Middle Variable Class Women
Men
0
3
1
3
0
0
0
0
long vowel a: instead of short a
adding vowel a
The middle middle class showed no difference at
o for i
all in the word “toilet” as all of them said it either in English or French pronunciation, which reflects their level of education. All of them had a BA or an MA. Relevant to the level of education is the fact that nobody said the word “sogara” in the middle middle class. Concerning the insertion of a long vowel in “jaakit” instead of “jacket”, 50% of the men said it as such while none of the women said it wrong. This means that women are better than men in using the standard forms.
53
4.2.3
Substitution of Consonants
4.2.2.1 Substitution of Consonants Across Social Classes
Lower
Middle
Middle
working
working
Middle
3
0
8
6
Variable
m for b
0
d instead of b
0
n instead 5
4
of m
0
sh for s
3
3
0
t: for t ̪
5
1
0
z for s
8
7
0
q for k
6
5
0
Consonant substitution was investigated through pictures shown to the participants (Appendix G). As illustrated in the table and the graph, all the results of substituting one consonant for another are socially stratifying as the middle-middle class scored 0% for all the tested variables. This is due to their accurate pronunciation of words and high educational level. Seven variant phonemes were observed for their substitution. The variant [b] was substituted by the variant [m] in saying “manateel” instead of “banateel” for the broken plural of “pantalon”. The results showed that 3 participants out of 12 in the lower 54
working class substituted the [b] with [m] while no participants used this substitution neither in the middle working nor the middle class. Thus, the substitution of [m] for [b] applies only to very low educated social classes and can easily be stigmatizing indicating the lower working class participants if occurred in speech. The variant [d] occurred instead of [b] in the pronunciation of [lamda] or [landa] instead of [lamba]. As shown in the table and graph 8 of the lower working class and 6 of the middleworking class participants substituted [d] for [b], while no participants in the middle-middle class resorted to substitution. Thus, though substituting [d] for [b] shows fine stratification across the lowest 66.67% and the highest groups 0%, and across the middle working 50% and the middle middle groups 0%, results do not show big differences between the two lower groups.
The variant [m] was substituted by [n] in the word [landa] or [lanba] instead of [lamba]. The findings show that both the lower working and middle working classes substituted [n] for [m] with close number of participants 5 and 4, respectively. Thus, the substitution of [m] for [n] is socially stratifying across lower working and middle middle class; middle working and middle class, but this substitution does not stigmatize lower working and middle work classes.
Pronouncing [s] as [sh] in the word shandawetch instead of sandwitch indicated stigmatization across the lowest and highest groups, as well as across the middle and highest groups. However, for both the lower working and middle working classes, the number of participants who used the variant [sh] were equal, 3 of 12 or 25%.
55
Using the palatalized [t:] instead of dental [t ̪] was one of the most stigmatizing variables that showed significant differences across the three social classes. It was tested through the word [betingan] [for betengan]. The results in the graph show that it occurred most frequently in the lower working class with 5 participants, while it occurred only with one participant in the middle working class and was not used at all in the middle-middle class. Accordingly, using a palatalized t socially stratifies lower working and middle working classes; lower working and middle middle classes; middle working and middle middle classes.
Pronouncing the variant [s] as [z] in microbazat instead of microbasat stigmatizes the lower working class with frequency 8 and the middle middle class with frequency 0. A similar difference occurs between the middle working and the middle middle with frequencies 7 and 0 respectively. Nevertheless, the results of the two working classes are very close with only 1 participant or 8.33 % difference.
The pronouncing [k] as [q] in initial position in the word camera shows to be also stigmatizing the working class in general and the middle middle class. The results were 6 participants or 50% for the lower working class, 5 or 41.67% for the middle working, and 0 for the middle middle. Consequently, pronouncing the variant [q] for [k] is socially stratifying across the lower working class and the middle middle; the middle working and the middle middle classes. However, it does not stigmatize the lower working and the middle working classes.
56
4.2.2.2 Gender Differences Across the Same Social Class 4.2.2.2.1 Gender differences Across the Lower Working Class
Lower Working Variable Class Women
Men
0
0
m for b
2
1
d instead of b
4
4
2
3
English 'P' for b
n instead of The findings as shown in the table and the graph indicate
m
slight differences between women and men in the lower
sh for s
2
1
working class with regards to consonant substitution. The
t: for t ̪
3
2
most differentiating variable is pronouncing [q] for [k] in
z for s
4
4
[qamera] for [kamera] as it had a frequency of 4 in women
q for k
4
2
in contrast to 2 in men. The second differentiating variable is the substitution of [m] for [b] in saying [manateel] instead of [banateel]. Whereas the variant [m] had frequency of 2 for women, it had a frequency of 1 for men. The same percentage or difference occurred in the pronunciation of [sh] for [s] in [sandwitch], frequency of 2 for women and 1 for men. Less difference is revealed in the pronunciation of Arabic dental [t ]̪ as a palatalized [t:] in [betingan] with higher frequency in women 3 than men 2.
57
All the differentiating variants show higher frequency in women than men. Hence, it can be concluded that women resort to consonant substitution more than men in the lower working class. This could be due to the higher aspiration of men and their interest in political news or due to their open networks due to being the bread winners. 4.2.2.2.2 Gender Differences in Middle Working Class
Variable
Middle Working Class Women
Men
0
0
m for b
0
0
d instead of b
1
5
n instead of m
0
4
sh for s
0
3
t: for t ̪
1
0
z for s
3
4
q for k
2
3
English 'P' for b
The findings in the table show significant differences between men and women with regards to many of the variants. The differences are revealed mostly in the pronunciation of [d] instead of [b] in the word /lamda/ or /landa/ instead of /lamba/. While 5 out of 12 men, 41.67% used the [d] sound, only 1 out of the 12 women used the variant [d].
58
Similarly, the findings show significant difference between genders in the use of the variant [n] instead of [m] in the word /landa/ instead of /lamba/. While 4 men resorted to the use of the variant [n], none of the women used the wrong pronunciation. This shows that women in the middle working class have correct pronunciation whereas men do not. This is further confirmed by the results of the variant [sh] instead of [s] in pronouncing /shandawetch/ instead of /sandawetch/. The sound [sh] was 0 frequency in women and 3 in men. Slight differences occurred between genders with regards to the pronunciation of [s] as [z] in /microbazat/ instead of microbasat where the variant [z] was used 3 times for women and 4 times for men. The same slight difference was shown in the pronunciation of [q] as [k] in [qamera] instead of [kamera], as frequency in women was 2 and in men was 3. In the two cases, women had less frequency of substituting the right consonant. These results contrast with that of the lower class where women resorted to consonant substitution more than men. This difference might be due to the fact that most women in the lower working class were illiterate while those in the middle working class had at least attended school or diploma.
59
4.2.2.2.3 Gender Differences in Middle Middle Class
Middle Middle Variable Class Women
Men
English 'P' for 4 b
1
m for b
0
0
d instead of b
0
0
n instead of m
0
0
sh for s
0
0
As shown in the table and the graph, most of the results
t: for t ̪
2
0
are 0, which indicates that neither women nor men in
z for s
0
0
the middle middle class mispronounce consonants or
q for k
0
0
substitute one variant with another. However, two variants showed clear differences between men and women. The first is the pronunciation of [P] instead of [b] in /pantalonat/ instead of /bantalonat/. Whereas only 1 man used the English variant [p], 4 women used it. This is correlated with women‟s tendency to code switch in English and French. On the other hand, using the Arabic pronunciation might be more masculine than code switching to a foreign pronunciation of a common word like /bantalonat/.
60
The second differentiating sound is the palatalized [t:] instead of the dental [t ̪]. Though it did not occur in the speech of men, it was used by two women. In one of the cases, the woman used it most probably as being more feminine. 4.2.2.3 Metathesis 4.2.2.3.1 Metathesis Across Social Classes Lower
Middle
Middle
working
working
Middle
4
0
0
Variable
metathesis
As it is clear from the table, the word “anareb” was said only four times by the lower class and was not said at all in the middle working and the middle middle classes. Though it is usually associated with lower working class, its percentage is just around 25%. This might be related to more awareness on the part of the lower working class. 4.2.2.3.2 Metathesis Across the Lower Working Class Variable
metathesis
Lower Working Class Women
Men
3
1
As clear from the table, more women than men used the word “anareb”. This might be related to what was said above regarding having more men using classical Arabic which could be related to 61
the desire to belong a higher social status, and it might be because of the contact with more educated people. Accordingly, though it is definitely a word that distinguishes the lower working class, it seems that it is not used by the majority of people who now use the word “araneb” which all people use. 4.3 Morphological Variation 4.3.1 Morphological Variation Across Social Classes
Lower
Middle Middle
worki
workin Middle
morphem
ng
g
12
11
2
0
1
8
e teel Broken pl. morph The use of the broken plural is highly stratifying between
feminine
the lower working and midde working classes, on the one
pl
hand, and the middle middle ,on the other hand, since all participants of the two lower classesexcept one- i.e. 23 participants and only 2 out of 12 in the middle middle class said “ً١ٛ ”ِٕبor "ً١ٛ "ثٕبinstead of "ٔبدٍٛ"ثٕط.
62
4.3.3
Gender Differences Across the Same Social Class
4.3.2.1 Gender Differences in the Lower Working Class
Variable
Lower Working Class Women
Men
Broken pl
6
6
feminine pl
0
0
The word that the researchers depended on was the plural of ٍْٛثٕط, so all the lower working class men and women showed no difference as all of them used “ً١ٛ ”ِٕبand “ً١ٛ”ثٕب. This was definitely characteristic of the lower working class. 4.3.2.2 Gender Differences in the Middle Working Class
Variable
63
Middle Working Class Women
Men
Broken pl
5
6
feminine pl
1
0
All men used the plural “ً١ٛ ”ثٕبor “ً١ٛ ”ِٕبwhile 5 women used it as such. Only one woman out of 6 said “ٔبدٍٛ”ثٕط. 4.3.2.3 Gender Differences in the Middle Middle Class
Variable
Middle Middle Class Women
Men
Broken pl
2
0
feminine pl
4
6
All men said “ٔبدٍٛ ”ثٕطand only four women said it as such. In fact, it is interesting that 2 out of 6 women said "ً١ٛ "ِٕبsince it is mainly characteristic of the lower working class. It can be the effect of mobility or the interaction with people from other regions. 5.0 Conclusion 5.1 The struggle between Classical Arabic and Egyptian colloquial in Egypt The results of the present study indicated that classical Arabic occurred with the highest frequency in the middle middle class while the two working classes had very close percentages. These results supports Haeri (1997; 2003) that classical arabic and the Egyptian vernacular coexist together in Egyptians daily life. Being more frequent in the highest social group is also due to the dominance of classical Arabic in education. However, Haeri (2000) contradicts this in mentioning the negative influence of private schools on the upper class use of classical Arabic. The occurrence of classical Arabic words in a casual speech that is dominated by colloquial 64
Arabic shows the ability of mixing the two codes and hence the small gap between their morphological and may be syntactic features (Romaine, 2000; Haeri, 2000). Research in sociolinguistics has found that women use classical Arabic less than men in all social classes (Haeri, 1987; Ibrahim, 1986). Moreover, it was claimed that contrary to the general rule of the positive correlation between the upper class and the standard official language, in Egypt the upper class are found to be less professional in classical Arabic. This was due to the enrollment of the upper class in private schools that focused on foreign languages, English and French rather than classical Arabic (Haeri, 1966). However, according to Haeri (1997), classical Arabic is still found in printed media sold by street vendors, on childrens book captions and in the instructions on match boxes. This is why classical Arabic words occurred in the speech of even the most illiterate of the lower working class in the current study who used the word “ٖ”ؽغو and another who used the word “يٚزلا٠”.
5.2 Religion and H Arabic Variety Results of the present study revealed higher frequency of religious expressions in lower social classes more than the middle middle class who rarely used them. Such findings contradict the claims that tie religious expressions with classical Arabic and literacy as many of the participants in this study who used religious expressions were non educated or attained basic education. While the educated middle middle class rarely used religious expressions inspite of the high frequency of classical Arabic words in their casual speech. However, these results could be also the influence of socioeconomic categorization of schools into secular and missionary schools that were attended by the upper class and public schools for lower classes since the mid-1800s as explained by Hey-Worth Dunn (1939) and Haeri, 1997. The Qura‟n is considered the most perfect occurrence of Arabic, moreover, other religious texts such as Hadeeth, stories of prophets companions are all written in classical Arabic. Thus, religious texts and classical Arabic are considered the main tools for literacy and education. Literacy has always been measured by the ability to read the Qura‟n since the education of the kutaab. On the other hand, private schools in contrast to public schools included missionary and secular schools that were attended by the upper and upper middle class muslim students who 65
showed an increase since the mid-1800s (Hey-Worth Dunn, 1939 in Haeri, 1997). Moreover, religious could be more frequent in the speech of the lower working class due to their daily religious practice, bureaucratic deals and printed media (Haeri, 2003). It is worth noting hence that the findings of the current study did not reveal a positive correlation between the use of religious expression and classical Arabic. Since the highest frequency of the religious words occurred in the lower working class while the highest frequency in the use of classical Arabic occurred more frequently in the speech of the middle middle class.
5.3 Foreign Language Prestige in Egypt The findings in the current study revealed that women of the middle class use foreign borrowed words more frequently than men of the same social class. Such results might be influenced by the global need of the labor market as proficiency in a European language has become a necessity in Egypt. And accordingly the influence of foreign education. Most of the women in the interviewed sample either had foreign education as a woman and man who are graduates of the American university in Cairo, work in an international bank or even having their children enrolled in foreign language schools (Haeri, 1997). All such occupations or education require multilingual knowledge. Moreover, it was claimed that the colloquial variety accepts foreign borrowed words and hence sometimes it is not even classified as classical Arabic (Ibrahim, 1986). 5.4 Gender and Prestigious Variety of Arabic In this study, men used standard Arabic more than women in all the social groups. These results are also supported by previous research which found that in Hama and Damascus (Kojak, 1983 in Ibrahim, 1986). It is concluded by Schmidt that women consider the L variety as the most prestigious (Ibrahim, 1986) . Thus, they resort to other prestigious L than the standard Arabic form. Schmidt‟s interpretation explains well why women used less frequency of classical Arabic words than men in all social groups. However, they used loan words more than men in the middle middle class. Loan words could be the other prestigious variety for the sample investigated in this study, women who are members in Al-Ahly club Nasr city.
66
In his attempt to explore any differences between the standard Arabic and the variety considered prestigious, Ibrahim (1986) investigated gender speech. Ibrahim refers to three main findings. First, the prestigious variety is the standard Arabic across the different Arab countries, Egypt, Syria and Iraq. Second, the standard prestigious variety occurred in men‟s speech more than women. Finally, the second finding contradicts the common norm in western countries where prestigious variety is related to women‟s speech more than men. Ibrahim tries to find an answer to the question if classical Arabic is not used daily nor is the native language of any Arabs, what can be the H variety or the prestigious variety used by the upper class. He concludes then that Schmidt found a prestigious variety in Egyptian upper class men and women that is different from the standard Arabic. Consequently, results of all research that indicated that women do not use the prestigious variety as men were criticized due to his criticism of their definition to the H variety of Arabic. Ibrahim argues that the prestigious variety is not the standard Arabic; it is, however, a form of the L variety that is agreed upon by the society as prestigious. Hence, this prestigious L variety is the one that is rich with most of the socioeconomic connotations needed for claiming higher social status. 5.5 Phonological differences Results showed differences between the middle middle class and the two working classes concerning the substitution of consonants as palatalized /t/ for interdental /t/ in the word /betingan/, /z/ in /microbazzat/ rather than /microbassat/ and /q/ instead of /k/ in pronouncing /qamera/ instead of /kamera/. The same variables also showed differences in previous studies between colloquial and standard Arabic across genders (Abd El-Jawad, 1981). Abd El-Jawad found that /t/ and the uvular /q/ differentiate s standard speech as used by men and the colloquial used by women. The same variables showed differentiation across social classes as well as between genders in the same speech community. Similarly, women in the lower class had higher frequency of the wrong realization of /t/ and /q/.
67
References Abd-el-Jawad, Hassan R. (1981). Lexical and phonological variation in spoken Arabic in Amman. Unpublished University of Penn- sylvania (Doctoral Dissertation ) Ash, S. (2002). Sex and Gender in Variationist Research. In J. Chambers, P. Trudgill & N. Schilling-Estest (Eds.), The Handbook of Language Variation and Change (pp.402-422). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Chambers, J. K. (1995). Sociolinguistic theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Cheshire, J. (2002). Sex and Gender in Variationist Research. In J. Chambers, P. Trudgill & N. Schilling-Estest (Eds.), The Handbook of Language Variation and Change (pp.423-443). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Haeri, N. (1997). The Reproduction of Symbolic Capital: Language, State, and Class in Egypt. Current Anthropology 38(5), 795-816.
Haeri, N. (2000). Form and Ideology: Arabic Sociolinguistics and beyond. Annual Review of Anthropology 29, pp. 61-87.
Haeri, N. (2003). Sacred Language, ordinary people: dilemmas of culture and politics in Egypt. NY: Macmillan.
Heyworth-Dunn, J. 1939. An introduction to history of education in modern Egypt. London: Luzac.
Hopkins, N. & Ibrahim, S. (1997). Arab society: Class, gender, power, and development. Retrieved in May 2013 from:
68
http://web.ebscohost.com.library.aucegypt.edu:2048/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook/nlebk _113041_AN?sid=a7101bb6-bda2-48c3-affcde353c227de1@sessionmgr112&vid=1&format=EB&lpid=lp_173 Hymes, de ll. 1974. Foundations in sociolinguistics. Philadeltion in contemporary Arab societies. American Ethnologist 19: phia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Ibrahim, M. H. (1986). Linguistics standard and prestige language: A problem in Arabic sociolinguistics. Anthropological Linguistics, 28(1), 115-126.
Labov, W. (2006). The social stratification of English in New York City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schmidt, R W (1987). Applied sociolinguistics: The case of Arabic as a second language. Anthropological Linguistics, 28.
Trudgill, P. (1972). Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich. Language Society 1, 179-195. Wolfram, W. (1969). A sociolinguistic description of Detroit negro speech. Washington: Center for Applied Linguistics. Yaeger-Dror, M. (1998). Factors influencing the contrast between men‟s and women‟s speech. Women and Language 21 (1).
69
7.1 Appendix A: Transcripts of Lower Working Class Men )1. LWC (Male
ً :ئّ ٌٟٛب٠ف ئ ٗ٠فلٖ؟ ط :كٖ ٍبٔلاٚرِ ٚثبٍىب١٠ٚذ ً :أل ك ٞثٕبوٍٙب ِغ اٌفٛي ك ِِ ٞثَى٠ٛذ طٛ :ؼّ ،ٗ١كٖ ثبٔ ٛ١افؤغٟ ً :ثزَّ ٛثبٔٛ١؟ ط :أل كٖ أػلٖ ثزبع ؽّبَ ،ك ٞاٛجبء ثزبع اٌّجـ ٚك ٞوبهر ،ٗٔٛفٕغبْ ّبٛ١ٛ ٚ ٞه فواؿ ٚ ،عٛهٔبي ئٔغٍ١ي ،ٞكٖ ثورئبْ ٚكٞ ّبّٗ ٍّوا ٚك ٞأٚرجَ١بد ،ػوث١بد ،كٖ عبو١ذ ٚك١ٍ ٞغبهٖٚ ،كٖ رؼجبْ ٚكٌّ ٞجٗ ،ثزٕ١غبْ، ً ٌٗٔٛ :ئ ٗ٠اٌجزٕغبْ كٖ؟ ط :أٍّو ٚوبِ١وا ٚثوط ئ٠فً ً :كٖ ئ ٗ٠كٖ ،كٖ ِب ؽلُ ػوفٙب ثوط ئ٠فً١؟ ط :كٖ ر١فبػ ٚ ،كَِ ٞبٍٗ ،ك ٞأهأت ًٌٙٔٛ :ب ئ ٗ٠األهأت؟ ط :أث٘١ ًٛ :بة ئ ٌٟٛثئ ٝئٔذ ثزْوة ٍغب٠و ،ثزْوة أك ئٗ٠؟ ط :ثْوة ػٍجٗ 70
ً ٛ٘ :اٌّفو ٗٚاٌٛاؽل ْ٠وة أك ئ ٗ٠ف اٌَٛ١؟ ط :اٌّفو٠ ٗٚؼٕ ِٓ ٟ٘ ،ٟػْوٖ ٌؼٍجٗ ً :ػْوٖ ئٗ٠؟ ط :ػْوٖ ٍغب٠و ٌؼٍجخ ٍغب٠و فٔ ٟبً ثزْوة أوزو ً :ئٔذ ِزؼٍُ؟ ط :أل ِؼب٠ب ِؾ ٛاِٗ١ ً٠ :ؼٕ ٟهؽذ ِؾ ٛاٌّٛ ،ٗ١ت وٌ٠ٛ؟ ٚػٕلن وبَ ٍٕٗ؟ ط :ػٕلٍ ٞزٗ ٚأهثؼٓ١ ًٛ :ت ئ ٌٟٛولٖ ثزٖوف ئىا ٞكفٍه ئىاٞ؟ ط :أهىٚئغ ٟػٍ ٝهللا ً :ػٕلن ػ١بي؟ ط :أٖ ِؼب٠ب ارٕٓ١ ً :ث١وٚؽٛا اٌّلهٍٗ؟ طٚ :اؽلٖ ف ِلهٍٗ ٚاٌزبٕٔ ٌَٗ ٟغ١و ً :ث١ياووٚا ثئٝ ط :أٖ ً :ث١ياووٚا ئىاٌٛ ٞؽلُ٘؟
71
ط :ث١ياووٚا ٌٛؽلٙ٠بٍ ،بػبد ٚاٌلرٙب ثزتء ٜأػلٖ ِؼب٘ب ئّٔب أٔب ثبٍوػ ػٌٍ ٝإِخ ػْٟ١ ً١ٛ :ت ّىوا )2 LWC (Male ً :ئ ٌٟٛئٍّه ئ ٗ٠األٚي؟ طِ :ؾّل ىوٟ ً :ئرؼٍّذ ٠ب ِؾّل؟ ال ٚاٌٍٟٙ ً٠ :ؼِٕ ٟب هٚؽزِ اٌّلهٍٗ ٚال ٍٕٗ؟ ط :أل أٔب ِب هٚؽزِ ِلهٍٗ فبٌٔ ثٌ أب وٕذ ثبّزغً ؽوفٔ ٟئبُ ً ٚ :كٌٛئز ٟفالٓ ثئٝ؟ ط :أٖ ِؼٍِ ٠ؼٕ ٟاػٖبث ٟرؼجذ ِبػوفِ أئف ػٍٍ ٝئبالد ٚال ولٖ. ًٛ :بة ٚكفٍه وٍٗ ِٕٓ١؟ ط ِٓ :ػٕل هللا ً١ٛ :ت ئّ ٌٟٛب٠ف ئ ٗ٠ف اٌٖٛه؟ ط٠ :ؼّٕ ٟجٗ ِٕب ً١ٛولّٖ ،جبن ،كٍ ٞبٔلاٚرِ ،وؾىِ ٗ١ضال ،غوث١ب ،ٗ٠ؽّبَ، ً :كٖ اٍّٗ ئٗ٠؟ ط :ؽّبَ ئفؤغ ،ٟربٚاٌ١ذ ،وبهر ٚ ٗٔٛوبَ وطؼٗ ِٓ اٌٍ ّٗ٘ ٟاٌجبالٍز١ه كٚي ،فواؿِ ،يهػٗ ِضال ٚفٛء فٕغبْ ّب،ٞ
72
ً ٚ :كٖ ئٗ٠؟ إٌبً ثزئواٖ اٌٖجؼ ط :عؤبْ ثٌ ئٔغٍ١ي ٚ ،ٞلطؼٗ ٍّوا ىّ ٞبّٗ ولٖ ِٛ ٚئف ًِٛ :ئف ئٗ٠؟ طِٛ :ئف ٠ب رؾو٠و ٠ب هَِ ،ٌ١ربوَ١بد أعوٖ ً :ك ٞربوَ١بد كٚ ٞال ئٗ٠؟ ط١ِ :ىوٚثبى أعوٖ ،رؼجبٌْٕ ،لٖ ،عباوذٍ ،غبهٖ ،أٔبهة ،ثزٕغبْ ً ٌٗٔٛ :ئ ٗ٠اٌجزٕغبْ؟ ط :ثزٕغبْ أٍّو ،ثوط ثبه ،ٌ٠لبِ١وا ،ر١فبػّ ،ىبال ،ٗٛثٕلئ ٗ١ولٖ ٠ؼِٕٖ ،ٟبٕٗ ً :ئ٠ ٌٟٛب ِؾّل ثٕؼًّ اٌَّئؼٗ ئىاٞ؟ ػٕلن فىوٖ؟ ط :اٌَّئؼٗ ثوكٚا ٘ ٍٖٕٗ ٟػبكِ ٗ٠غ ثزٕغبْ ٍٖٕٗ ،ػبكِّ ٗ٠ىٓ رؼًّ ٍّه ِضال ٚرؼًّ أ ٞؽبعٗ ربٔ ٟاٌجٍَٗ ٘١٘ ٟب٘ب ثٌ ِ٘ ٟغ ثزٕغبْ ثئ.ٝ ًٛ :بة ئ٠ ٌٟٛب ِؾّل ئٔذ ػب ِ٠ئىا ٞثئٝ؟ ط :أٔب ٚافل ٍىٓ ٕ٘ب ف رً اٌؼئبهة ٠ؼٕ ٟؽغوٖ ولٖ ئبػل فٙ١ب ٚفالٓ ًِ :ب ػٕلوِ اٍوٖ؟ ط :ػٕلِ ٞؼب٠ب ٌٚلِ ٓ٠ؼب٠ب ثٕزٌٚ ٚ ٓ١ل ً :ؽل ف ُٙ١ارؼٍُ؟ ط :أٖ ،أ ٖٛ٠اٌجٕز ٓ١اٌٍ ٍٟٕ ُٙع إٌج ٟاٌجٕز ٓ١فلٚا اٌلثٍ ٚ ْٛئعٛىٚا ػٍ ٝولٖ ٚئثٕ١ٍ ٟبؽٗ ٚفٕبكء ً :هثٕب ٠جبهن ٌه فُٙ١ 73
ط :هللا َ٠زون ًّ :ىوا
LWC (Male) 3 ً :ئ ٌٟٛرؼٍّ١ه ٌغب٠خ ف ٓ١األٚي؟ ط :أٔب رؼٌٍ ّٟ١غب٠خ اإلػلاكٗ٠ ً ٚ :ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕٗ؟ ط :ػٕلٚ ٞاؽل ٚأهثؼٓ١ ً :ػٕلن ػ١بي؟ ط :أٖ ًٛ :بة أ ٌٍٟٚػٍ ،ُٙ١ف ٟاٌّلهٍٗ؟ طٌ :ؾٚبٔ ٚ ٗ١إغو ؽبعٗ كٖ ػجل اٌوؽّٓ ًٛ :بة ِ ٓ١أؽَٓ اٌٌٛل ٚال اٌجٕذ؟ طٚ :اٌٍ ٟٙأٔب ثٖواؽٗ أٔب ثؾت اٌجٕبد .اٌجٕبد ؽٕ ٚ ٓ١١ٕ١هىئٚ ُٙاٍغ ٌىٓ هثٕب ٍجؾبٔٗ ٚرؼبٌ ٝاٌٍ٠ ٟغ١جٗ هثٕب وٍٗ وٌ٠ٛ ٠ؼٕ ٌٛ ٟئكاٌ ٟثٕذ أؤي ٌٗ أل ...ثٌٛل اٌٍ٠ ٟغ١جٗ هثٕب وٍٗ وٌ .ٌ٠ٛىٓ أٔب ػٕل ٞثئِ ٝوارِ ٟزقٍفٗ ّ ٗ٠ٛثزؾت اٌٖج١بِْ ،زقٍفٗ ػمٍ١ب رئٛي ٌٍلوزٛه ٌ ٛعذ ثٕذ ٚال ؽبعٗ ئٛي ٌ ٟػْبْ أٍئطٙب٠ .ؼٕ ٟئكوزٛه أٚي ِب عٍ ٟٕٙإٌٔ ٟئٔذ ٔفَه ف ئ ٗ٠ئٌٛذ ٌٗ ٚهللا اٌٍ٠ ٟغ١جٗ هثٕب وٍٗ و ٌ٠ٛئبي ٌ ٟثٌ ثَأٌه ٔفَه ف ٟئ ٗ٠ئٌٛذ ٌٗ اٌٍ٠ ٟغ١جٗ هثٕب وٍٗ و٠ ٌ٠ٛب كوزٛه فئبي ٌ ٟأٔب ثَأٌه ٠ؼٕٔ ٟفَه ف ئ ٗ٠ئٌٛذ ٌٗ ثٖواؽٗ أٔب ثؾت اٌجٕبد ثٌ اٌٍ٠ ٟغ١جٗ هثٕب وٍٗ و ٌ٠ٛئبي ٌ ٟأٔب ثئبٌ ٟػْو ٍٕٗ ٓ٠كوزٛه أٚي
74
ِوٖ أّٛف ٚاؽل ٠غٕ٘ ٟٕ١ب ٠ئٛي ٌ ٟأٔب ٔفَ ٟف ثٕذ وً اٌٍ ٟث١غ٠ ٟئٛي ٌ ٟأٔب ٔفَ ٟف ٌٚل ٌٛٚهثٕب ئكاٌ ٟثٕذ أئٛي ٌٗ أل كٌٚ ٟٕ٠ل أٔب ثؾت اٌجٕبد .فّوارِ ٟزقٍفٗ ً :وً إٌبً ثزؾت اٌٛالك اٌٖغ١و٠ ،ٓ١٠ال ٠ب ٍ١ل ٞئٛي ٌّ ٟب٠ف ئٗ٠؟ ط :ك ٞثٕب١ّ ٚ ،ً١ٛجبن ٚ ،كٖ ّبٔلاٚرِ ٚوؾىٗ ٚكٖ ٍٕلٚء ٚربٌذ ػٍت كٖ فٕغبي ٚفواؿ ٚعؤبي كٖ ثورئبْ ٚك ٞفبٔٗ ٍٛكا ٚك١ِ ٞىوٚثبٍبد كٖ عباو١ذ ٍٛعبهٖ ٌّ ٚجٗ ٚرؼجبْ ٚك ٞأهأت ٚكٖ ثزٕغبْ ٚكٖ وبِ١وا ٚكٖ ِز١ٙأٌ ٟاٌجوط كٖ ف فؤَب ثوط ئ٠ف ً١كٖ رٛفبػ ٚكِٖ ٞبٕٗ ً :ئٔذ ثزْزغً ئٗ٠؟ ط :أٔب ثْزغً ٍٛاء ثٌ ؽبٌ١ب كٌٛئز٠ ٟؼٕ ٟهٚفٖزِٕ ٟز ٚ ٗ١ٙؽبٌٚ ٟائف فجْزغً ٍبٌ٠ )4 LWC (Male ً :ئٛي ٌ ٟثئ ٝئٔذ رؼٍّ١ه ٌؾل ف٠ ٓ١ب ؽظ؟ طٌ :ؾل ئػلاكٞ ً ٚ :ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕٗ؟ طِٛ :اٌ١ل رَؼٗ ٚفَّ ٓ١ػٕل ٞفَّٗ ٚفٍَّٕٗ ٓ١ ًّ :ىٍه ٕٛغ١و؟ طّ :ىٍٕ ٟغّ ...ىٍ ٟف١َِّٛذ ٍٕٗ ً :ثزلفٓ؟ ط :ثبكفٓ أٖ ً :ثزْوة أك ئٍ ٗ٠غب٠و؟
75
ط :ػٍجزٍ ٓ١غب٠و ولٖ ٠ؼٕٟ ً :ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛثئّ ٝب٠ف ئ ٗ٠ف اٌٖٛه؟ ط :كٖ ّجبن ٚ ،كٖ ِٕبٛ ،ً١ٛؼٍّ ٗ١بٔلٚرَبدٍٕ ،لٚء ثزبع ثبالٍزه ،فٕغبْ ئِ ٖٛٙيهػخ كعبط، ً :كعبط ئؽٕب ثٕئٛي ػٍٙ١ب كعبط؟ ط :ثٕغٛي ػٍٙ١ب فوٚط ،كٖ عؤبْ، ً :ئٔذ ٕؼ١لٞ؟ طٕ :ؼ١ل !ٞال ٍَُِ ،ثورئبْ ِ١ىوٚثبى ػوث١بد، ً ٌْٛ ٚ :كٖ ئٗ٠؟ ط :أٍّو ،صٛػجبِْٖ ،جبػ ،عبو١ذ ً :ال ال ِِ ػب٠يٖ اٌضٛػجبْ ٚاٌّٖجبػ كٚي ،ئٔذ ثزئٛي ػٍ ُٙ١ئ ٗ٠وً َٛ٠؟ ط :رؼجبْ ،ثٕٛهٖ ،الٔلٖ ،عبو١ذ ،كٖ عبِِ ،ٔ١يهػخ أهأت ،ثلٔغبْ ،ثوط ئ٠ف eivel ً١فؤَٗ ،كٖ ثزبع ِٖٛهارٟ ً :ئٍّٗ ئٗ٠؟ ط ِِ :ػبهف ،وبِ١واِٖ ،بٕٗ ،ر١فبػ ،رٛاٌ١ذ ً :ئٔذ ئٌٛذ ٌ ٟثزْزغً ئ٠ ٗ٠ب ؽظ ٚال هىئه ئىا٠ ٞؼٕ ٟكفٍه ئٗ٠؟ ط :ئٛٙعٟ ً :كٖ ٕ٘ب؟ ط :ف اٌغٕٕ٘ ٕٗ١ب
76
ًِ :ب وٕزِ ػب٠ي رزىٍُ ػٓ اٌّؾْ ٟرزىٍُ ػٓ ئٗ٠؟ اٌوعبٌٗ رؾت رزىٍُ ػٓ ئٗ٠؟ ِٛا١ٙغ ولٖ ثززىٍُ فٙ١ب ِغ إٔؾبثه؟ ط :أٔب ثؾت اٌّؾْ ٟثؾت اٌّؾْٚ ٟهللا ً :ئِٛ ٗ٠إفبد اٌئٛٙع ٟ؟ طِ :بٕفبد األ٘ٛع ،ٟأُ٘ ؽبعٗ إٌٚبفٗ ٚاإلٍزؼٕبء ثبىىث ٚ ْٛاٌّؼبٍِٗ وِ َٗ٠ٛغ ئىىثٚ٠ ٚ ْٛؾه ف ُٚئىىثِ ْٛب ٠ىْوُ ف ُٚئىىث ٌٛ ْٛوْو ِب ؽلُ ٘١غ ٍٛ١ئّٔب اٌّؼبٍِٗ اٌؾٍ ٖٛرغ١ت أ ٞئَٔبْ ً٠ :ؼٕ ٌٛ ٟاٌٛاؽل ِزٚب٠ئ ٚ٠ؾه ئىاٞ؟ ط٠ :ؼٕل ِغ ٕٛؽجبرٗ ٠زلاٚي ولٖ ٠ؼ ِ١ئككٚه ولٖ ً :وزو ف١ون ط :أ ٞأٚاِو ربٔ ،ٟهثٕب ٕ٠غؾ١ه LWC (Male) .5 اأب اٍّ ٝػ١ل. اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت أذ ٚظ١فزه ا ٗ٠ثبٌظج ٜثم .. ٝثزؼًّ اٗ٠؟ ثبّىً اٌجبؽش :ثئبٌه أك ا ٗ٠ف ٝاٌْغٍٗ كٖ؟ ثئبٌ.ٍٕٗ 38 ٝ اٌجبؽشِ :بّبء هللا أذ ثلأد ٕغ١و أ ٜٚأو١ل. ١ٛت أ ٌٍٝٚأذ ٍبوٓ فٓ١؟ ٍبوٓ فِٖ ٝو اٌئل.ّٗ٠ 77
اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت أذ ِزؼٍُ؟ ِقٍٔ ؽبعٗ ِؼٚ !ٕٗ١ال اٗ٠؟ أل أل أل !! اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ً٘ فلد رؼٍٚ ُ١أذ ٕغ١و؟ أل ِ ,بفلرِ. اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت أذ ػٕلن اٚالك؟ ػٕل 3 ٜاٚالك. اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت ّ٘ب ث١لهٍٛا. آٖ ث١لهٍٛا وٍ.ُٙ اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت و , ٌ٠ٛارقوعٛا ٌئٚ ٝال ٌَٗ فِ ٝلهٍٗ ٚال اٗ٠؟ اٚالك ٜف ٝاٌّلهٍٗ .ثٌ ٚأد األعبىٖ ,ث١١غ٠ ٝزؼٍُ ٕ٘ب . اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت و٠ , ٌ٠ٛؼٕ ٝأذ ػب٠يُ٘ ٠ؼوفٛا االرٕ.ٓ١ آٖ أب ثؾت اٌٍ ٝف ٝاٌْغً ٕ٘ب. اٌجبؽشِ :ب ّبء هللا ٚاٙؼ أه و ٌ٠ٛعلاًا. هثٕب فٍئٕب ِٕٙب! اٌجبؽش :أو١ل. ِبف ِ١ؽبعٗ رطٍغ اٌجٕ ٝآكَ ٚرْىً ِٕٙب ولٖ غ١و اٌطِ , ٓ١بفِ ِ١بكٖ ثل.ٍٗ٠ اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت ئٌٍ ٝأذ ثزؼٍّٗ كٖ ثئ.ٝ
78
ك ٜؽبعخ ّ.ْٗ١ ّ !ْٗ١ولٖ ٕؼ! ٌّب أذ أٌذ هثط ُٙثجؼ٘. اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت ؽَأٌه ٍإاي ثئب أذ ٚالكن ئْ ّبء هللا ػب٠يُ٘ ثئب ٠ىٍّٛا ٌغب٠خ اِزٝ؟ ٠قٍٖٛا ٚال اإلػلاكٚ ٗ٠ثٌ. أٔب ػب٠يُ٘ اؽَٓ ٔبً ..أٔب ......ػب٠ي اثٕ ٝاؽَٓ ِٕ.ٝ اٌجبؽش٠ :بهة ئْ ّبء هللا أو١ل. افجبه ِٖو ِؼبن ا ٗ٠ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ؟ وٚ َٗ٠ٛال ِِ وَٗ٠ٛ؟ ٚال ٔٔ ٔٔ ٛٛي ػّو٘ب ِٖو ؽٍ.ٖٛ ٛٛي ػّو٘ب ؽٍ!ٖٛ اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت ٌ ٛأذ ػبٍي رغ١و ؽبعٗ كٌٛئز ٝولٖ فِٖ ٝو رغ١و اٗ٠؟ أٔب!! ػب٠ئ ٓ٠غ١و ٔف ًٛإٌبً اٌٛؽْٗ ..ثٌ. اٌجبؽش :أذ ؽبٌٍ اْ ٔف ٍُٙٛثئذ ٚؽْٗ ِِ ولٖ. ثٌ ولٖ ئما عبٌىُ ف١و فّٓ ػٕل هللا ٚاْ عبٌه ّو فّٓ أفَىُ ثٌ ك.. ٜ ؽٚوره ِبّ ٗ١كٌٛئز ٝف ٝاٌْبهع ثَُ ِبّبء هللا ٌط١فٗ ِٚإكثٗ ٚأٔ١مٗ ٚؽّْٗ فٌ ٝجَه ,رالئ ٝاٌٍ ٝث١لا٠ئه ٠ .جئ ٝكٜ ٔف!!ًٛ ِبػٕؼ ِ١ثوٗٙ؟ آ٘ٛال والِ ٝغٍٜ؟ 79
اٌجبؽش :أل ٕؼ. ِبف ِ١ؽبعٗ اٍّٙب ِبفّ ِ١غً ..ف ٝؽبعٗ اٍّٙب ٠ؼِٕ ٝضالًا آٖ ..عٚ ً١ؽِ ..اؽٕب اٌٍٍٛ ٝؼٕب أب ٚاث٠ٛب ٚاِِ ٝضالًا وٕب آٖ ..أٔب ِٛاٌ١ل 67وٕب ع ً١رؼجبْ ا ٜٚثٌ آاثً وٕذ رالئٔ ٝبً و ..َٗ٠ٛفىٕذ ثْٛف أث٠ٛب ..اث٠ٛب ثْ١ئ .. ٝاّئِ ٝؼبٖ ..ثبرؼت ِؼبٖ ..كٖ ٍٛغ ٌئ ٝوّجٛ١رو ِب٠ؼٍِّ ؽبعٗ ..ثزفوق ِٓ عٌ ً١غ.ً١ اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت ٚالكن ث١ؼوفٛا ثئ ٝوّجٛ١رو؟ آٖ ٚ ..هللا ِ ٛ٘ ..بٌ ُٛف ٝاٌّناووٖ ٚال ف ٝأ ٜؽبعٗ ثٌ ٌ ٗ١ف ٝاٌىّجٛ١رو ٕ٠ٚيي ْ٠ىً ولٖ كٌٛئز.ٝ اٌجبؽش :ث١ؾت ّغٍزه؟ أل ِب ث١ؾجِ! ئال ٕ٠يي ٕ٘ب ثٌ ِ ..بث١ؼٍِّ أ ٜؽبعٗ صبٔ.ٗ١ ٕ٘ب ثٌ ث١ؾت ٠زفوط ْٛ٠ٚف. اٌجبؽشٚ :ثٕ١يي ْ٠زغً؟ آٖ ..ثْ١زغً ثٕفَٗ ..ثٌ ٘ ٌَٗ ٛػٕلٖ .ٗ٠ّٛ ٌَٗ ٓ١ٍٕ 10 اعبىٖ ف ٝاعبىٖ اػٍّٗ. اٌجبؽش :ك ٜاف ِٓ ٌٗ ًٚاٌزؼٍ.ُ١ ا٠ ٖٛ٠بِب ٔبً ارظٍّذ. اٌجبؽشٕ :ؼ ٠بِب ٔبً ِزؼٍّٗ.. ثٖ .. ٝػٙل ؽَِٕ ٝجبهن كٖ هللا ٠غؾّٗ ٠ؼٕ ٝأب ٕو٠ؼ. اٌجبؽش :أذ ؽبٌٍ.....
80
هللا ٠غؾّٗ مهٖ ِٓ اٌق١و!! ِبؽجِ ئال ٚالكٖ فٚ ًٚالكٖ ػٍ ٝاٌـ ْٛ١ٍِ 90ثٕ ٝآكَ أب ثبكٌغ اثٕ !!!ٝثٌ ِبثبكٌؼ ُٛع إٌبً ِبٕ٠فؼِ!! ئبٌه آٖ ..اٌئب ٝٙػب٠ي اثٕٗ ٠جئ ٝاؽَٓ ػب١٠ي ٠جئ ٝئبٝٙ ٘ ِِ ٛغبٙ٠ٚب ١٠غ٠ ٝظٍُ إٌبً .. اٌظبث ٜث١طٍغ ولٖ ١٠غ ٝث١ظٍُ إٌبً .. كوزٛه ولٖ ٠جٛى إٌبً .. ف ٝٙولٖ ثئذ اٌؼٍّ ٗ١آٖ ..ر١غ ٝرزىٍّ ٝف ٝأ ٜؽبعٗ ف ٝاٌجٍل ٠غٍ١ه اؽجب.ٛ ِٓ اٌٍ ٝث١ؾًٖ. ف ..... ٓ١هثٕب َ٠زو اٌجبؽشٛ :ت أ ٌٍٝٚاٌىٙوثب ثزئطغ ػٕلوٚ ٛال أل؟ الىَ ٠ؼٕ ٝثْو ٛاٍبٍ ٝف ٝهِٚبْ الىَ ٔزؼت ّ ٗ٠ٛثٌ ٘ ٝثفؼً فبػً هثٕب ٠غبى ِٓ ٗ٠االٌٕبً ؽزالئ ٝثٖ ... ٝػب٠يٖ اٌجٍل ك ٜر١ٙظ ولٖ ف ٝثؼٙ١ٚب ثٌ ...ك ٜأَ اٌلٔ١ب أَ اٌلٔ١ب ف ٝوً ّٝء ئْ وبْ ف ٝئٍالَ ٘ ٛفِٖ ٝو ئْ وبْ فٖٔ ٝبهٝ٘ ٜ فِٖ ٝو ...أٔب ٍَُِ ...فىً ّٝء رالئٕ٘ ٗ١ب ٚافلٖ ثبٌه .. اٌْؼت كٖ كِٗ فف١ف ..رنٌٗ ٚرجٙلٌٗ ٚرِ .... ٕٗ١ٙواره ِّىٓ رَّىٙب ٚرٚوثٙب ٚرجٙلٌٙب ٚفوة اٌلٔ١ب ٚثؼل ٓ٠رطجطت ػٍٙ١ب رجئ ٝى ٜاٌّ ٗ١ف ٝا٠لن. عبٌٕب ٚئذ ...فب٠ف ِِ اؽَٓ ػبهف ظٍُ ف ٝوً ؽزٗ ظٍُ ِ ٍٕٗ 84 ...زغ اٌلٔ١ب آٖ ..ثبوً ٌئّٗ رؾَٙب ِ...ب رٍئ .. ِ١اٌواعً ثئٌٛه ا ٗ٠ف ٝوً وٍّٗ ف ٝؽبعٗ ه٠ؼ إٌبً هثٕب ٠و٠ؾه ٠بأفىفؾبٌٕب اٌواعً ِؾّل ِوٍ ٝف ٝوً وٍّٗ ث١نوو هللا موو هللا ؽٍ ٛ٘ ٛموو هللا ٚؽِ؟ ث١نوو هللا ٚاو١ل فٝ ٔبً ثئ ٝثزؾبهة ثىً أ ٖٚاالٍالَ كٖ ثئذ ؽبعٗ غج ٗ١ثئ ٝؽبعٗ ولٖ فالٌ١ؾ٠ ٝؼٕ ..ٝهاعً ِزقٍف ئٌٍ٠ ٝئٛي ولٖ كٖ ٍ١ل اٌقأل 81
ػٍ ٗ١اٌٖالح ٚاٌَالَ ِبئٍِ ؽل٠ش ئال ِب ٍلأ فٚ ٗ١ئْ وبْ والَ ٍ١لٔب ِؾّل فلٖ والَ هثٕب كٖ والَ هثٕب ِب٘ ٛئال ٚؽٛ٠ ٝؽٗ١ٌ ٝ اٌؾوة كٖ وٍٗ؟ ٌ ٗ١اٌؼناة كا وٍٗ؟ ٌِٕ ٗ١جئبُ و , ٓ١َ٠ٛوبْ ىِبْ اٌغ١واْ ئٌٍ ٝف ٝاٌقبٌِ ٠ل ٜاٌٍ ٝف ٝاٌزبٌذ ٚاٌواثغ ... ٚكٖ ٠غوِ ٜغ كٖ ٚ ..كٖ ٠غوِ ٜغ كٖ ٗ١ٌ ٗ١ٌ ..إٌف ًٛثئذ ولٖ؟ ِبؽلُ ٛب٠ئ ؽل!! اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت أذ ّب٠ف اٌلٔ١ب غٍ١ذ ِإفواًا؟ أٔب ثبوَت ! ػٓ ٔفَ!ٝ اٌؾّل هلل أؽّل هللا ٚاّىو ف .. ٍٗٚإٌبً وٍٙب فٔ ٝؼّٗ ٚف ًٚثٌ ِِ ِؼٕ ٝولٖ ..غ١و ِِ ٜالئ ! ٝغ١و رؼجبْ. اٌٍ٠ ٝغزٙل هثٕب ؽ١ىوِٗ ٌَ٠ ٛؼ٠ٚ ٝغزٙل هثٕب ؽزْزغً ..ؽزْزغً ىٚ ٜاؽل أب ػب٠ي افزؼ ث١ذ ٚارغٛى ثٌ ِٕ ٌٛ ٓ١رٛوٍذ ػٍ ٝهللا هثٕب ؽٛ١فئه ٚال والِ ٝغٍ.ٜ اٌجبؽش :أل ٕؼ ٘ ٛروعغ ٌٍجٕ ٝآكَ ماد ٔفَٗ ٛت أ .. ٌٍٝٚفلِخ اٌلوبروٖ ٚاٌَّزْف١بد ثؼل اٌْو ٠ؼٌٕٛ ٝؽل ػ .. ٟ١ثزالئ ٝاٌقلِٗ وٚ َٗ٠ٛال ِِ وَٗ٠ٛ؟ ٚهللا ٝ٘ ..أ ٜؽبعٗ ِٓ ثؼل ؽَٕ ٝو.َٗ٠ٛ أب ّب٠ف ولٖ. أب وٕذ ّب٠فٙب ٍٛكٖ أ٠بَ ؽَٕ ٝكٌٛئزّ ٝب٠فٙب ثٚ١ب ٚهللا اٌؼظ ُ١اْ ِٓ ثؼلٖ أب ف ٝهاؽٗ ٔفَ ٗ١إؼت ؽبعٗ اٌظٍُ ..اٌظٍُ ارْبي وبٔذ اٌْو ٗٛىِ ٜبرى ْٛػٖبثٗ ٍَِطٗ ػٍ ٝإٌبً ولٖ اٌجٕ ٝآكِ ٓ١كٖ ثْو كٖ اهٚاػ ..وبْ اٌٛاؽل ث١زفوط ػٍٝ فٍَط ٓ١ث١ؼ ٜ١أب ِبٌ ِ١كػ ٖٛثئ ٝف ُ١فب ..ٕٗ٠فِ ُٙ١زؼبٍِِ ٓ١غ اٌٛٙ١ك ..وً اٌىالَ كٖ وٍٗ أٔب ِبٌ ِ١كفً ..أب ٌ١ب ٛفً ػٕلٖ 6 ّٛٙه أب اثئٌّ ٝب ث١ئغ ولٖ أب أٌج ٝث١زقٍغ ِبعو ٜاٛجطت ػٍ ٝ٘ .. ٗ١كٖ ِِ ِٕٕب ثو...ٗٙ
82
ٚ ....ى٠وٖ هثٕب ٕ٠غؾه ٛ٠ٚفئه ..الَُ ثبهلل ٌٌٛئ١ز ٝىٚط اثٓ ؽالي ٖٔٛ٠ه ٚثئٌٛه ائؼل ٜؽزف ٍٝٚرئؼلٌ ٜىٓ كٌٛئزِِ ٝ ػبهفٗ روٚؽ ٝفِ ٓ١بثٕؾَِ ثجؼ٘ ٌ .. ٗ١فبٔذ هاعً ىهػذ اٌٛؽبّٗ ٚاٌفزٕٗ ٚاٌىلة ٚاٌؾواَ ..فالٓ اٌؾواَ ثئِ ٝجبػ ػبكِ ٜب٘ ٛاٌٍِ ٝبثَ١وفِ ف ٝاٌىٙوثب ِِ ؽ ..ّْٝ١اٌٍِ ٝبَ٠وفِ ف ٝاٌٚوا٠ت ِِ ؽ ..ّْٝ١فٍ١ذ اٌجٍل وٍٙب ...اٌٍٝ ٠طبٌت ِوٍ ٝكٌٛئز ٝثأ ٜؽبعٗ ٠جئِ ٝبث١ؾَِ ..أذ هاعً فوثذ ..االٔزقبثبد ك ٜوبٔذ ػٍٕ ..ٝاٌئٙٛبٖ كٚي ارلاٍٛا ثبٌغيَ ..كٖ وبْ ث١غ١ت هئ ٌ١اٌغّٛٙه٠ٚ ٗ٠ؾبوّ .. ٛاىا ٜثئ ٝرالد اهثغ أفبه ٠زؾىّ ْٛفِ .. ْٛ١ٍِ 90 ٝب رٍِٛٛا كٚي .. أز ٛؽزٍ ِٛٛاٌواعً اٌٍ... ٝ أب ػٓ ٔفٌَ ٝزؼوف ؽئ١ئخ كٖ ٚال ؽئ١ئخ كٖ ثٌ أب ثْٛف هاعً ث١نوو هثٕب ف ٝثئٗ ػٍٛٛ ٝي ...موو هللا ف ٝثئٗ ػٍٛٛ ٝي وفب ٗ٠ولٖ !! اٚك ٌٛٚفوٕزٗ اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت ثئٌٛه ا ..ٗ٠أذ ّب٠ف اٌَزبد كٌٛئزٚ ٝافلٖ ؽئٙب ٚال ِِ ٚافلٖ؟ ...رْزغً؟ ا٘ ٛكٖ والَ فبٝٙ اٌجبؽشٗ١ٌ : أئٛي ٌؾٚوره اٌجبؽش :أٌٍٝٚ ثٖ ٝأئٌٛه ػٍ ٝؽبعٗٚ ...اؽل ث١بفل ٚاؽلٖ ...اِٗ ٚاث ٍُِٛ ٖٛف١و ف ٝؽل ثٙ١لٌٙب ِؼبٖ ٝ٘ٚثٕذ ٔبً ئّٔب ٚاؽل ٠بفل ٚاؽلٖ رجئ ٝ٘ ٝأِٗ أفزٗ ٕبؽجزٗ ثطج١ؼزٗ ث١ؾبؽ ٝػٍٙ١ب ٠ٚؾجٙب ..اَ ٚالكٖ ..فلِ ٜؾجٗ ك ٜثٕ١ب ٚث ٓ١ثؼٕ١ٚب ِِ ِؾزبعٗ ؽأ ٚثبًٛ ٚوالَ ِٓ كٖ. أذ ِّىٓ ٠ى١ٌ ْٛى ٝؽأ ..ؽَ١جٌٛٙه ئّٔب ٔئؼل ٔئٛي هاعً ِٚوٖ ِبٕ٠فؼِ ..هثٕب فأل اٌواعً ٌٗ كه ٚف ٝاٌؾ١بٖ ٚاٌَذ ٌٙ١ب كٚه٘ب ف ٝاٌؾ١بٖ ..االرٕ ٓ١ث١ىٍّٛا ثؼ٘ أب فّ ٝغٍ .. ٝػ١بٌ ٝف ٝاٌج١ذ ِِ ٓ١ؼبُ٘ ؟ أِ.. ُٙ ٘ ٝوً ؽبعٗ ف ٝاٌج١ذ اٌَذ..
83
أٔب ٕ٘ب ِّ ..ىٓ اهٚػ أبَ إ١ؼ اهٚػ ّغٍ ٓ١ِ ٝاٌٍ٠ ٝواػ ٓ١ِ ٝاٌِٛ ٝاٌ ٝرقجِ ٜؼبٔب ..ثزّْ .. ٝالىَ ٠ؾجه ٌْقٖه .. ارفبًٕ ِؼبوٌْ ٝقٖه ِِ الىَ ؽل ١٠غ٠ ٝئ ٌٝٛؽأ اٌّوأٖ اٌىالَ كٖ فٔ ٝبً ػئٌٙٛب رجئ ٝػٍ ٝاكٙ٠ب اْ وٕز ٝأذ ِِ ػبهفٗ ؽئه ..ؽزَّ ٝكٖ اٗ٠؟ ك ٜؽبعٗ ثزوعغ ٌٍٕف.. ًٛ اٌجبؽش :اوزو فبو ٗٙثزؾجٙب اٗ٠؟ وً ؽبعٗ. ِٓ ٍبػخ ِب رغٛىد ػ١بٌ ٝوٍذ اوٕ ٝوٍذ أب ػْبْ ثئؼل ٕ٘ب فجبوً و.. ٌ٠ٛ أب ِ ٍٕٗ 46بؽلُ ث١ل ٍٕٝ ٕٝ٠ث ٗ١ثبوً و ٌ٠ٛأب ثبّئ.ٝ اٌجٕ ٝآكَ ٌ ٛعبث ٌٛٛاٌلٔ١ب وٍٙب ك ٜف ٝوفٗ ٕٚؾزٗ ف ٝوفٗ ؽ١قزبه ٕؾزٗ. هثٕب ٠ل ُ٠ػٍٕ١ب اٌٖؾٗ ..أ .. ٗ١ٌ ٍٝ١ٌٍٚػْبْ ف ٝاعزٙبك ..روٚػ ٚر١غ ٝولٖ ٚال والِ ٝغٍٜ؟ ِِ َِأٌخ فبو.ٗٙ اٌجبؽش :اٍأٌه أذ ثزْوة ٍغب٠و؟ آٖ أب ثبّوة ٍغب٠و اٌجبؽش :أك اٗ٠؟ ِّىٓ اّوة ػٍجز ٓ١رالرٗ... ٘ ٝك ٜاٌٛؽ١لٖ اٌٍ ٝثززؾىُ ف١ب ِ ..بثؼٍِّ ؽبعٗ غٍ ٜئال ٘...ٝ ٚئْ ّبء هة اٌؼبٌّ ٓ١ؽبثطٍٙب .. أب ثٖ ٝاْ أٔب اثطٍٙب ػْبْ ٘ ٝؽبعٗ ِِ و.َٗ٠ٛ اٌجبؽش :ؽبٚه٠ه ّ٠ٛخ ٕٛه: 84
ِجىوٚثبىاد
ثَىٛد
ٍٕلٚرِ
ػٍَٗ١
ٍٛاك
عبو١ذ ٌٕٗٚ ثورئبي
ثوّبَ ثوط ا٠فً
ِٖبٕٗ
ثزٕغبْ
عوا٠ل
رفبػ
وورْٛ
فٕغبي
فواؿ
ثالٍز١ه
ث١ذ اٌواؽٗ
ٍغبهٖ
افؼٝ )6. LWC (Male
ثبدث :ثـ ٝب عٌ ٍذَذ :اّب ثعَو ثذث عِ اىيٖجخ اىَقشٝخ ٚػٓ إٌبً اٌٍ ٟثزْزغً ٕ٘ب اٌٛظ١فخ ثزؼزه ا٠خ ٠ب ػُ اؽّل ثزْغً ا٠خ ػبًِ ثبدث :عبٍو ف ٜقغٌ ٍعِٞ
85
أل ػبًِ ف ٟاألصبه وبْ فِ ٟجٕ ٟاٌوٚكح االٍبٍ ٟاٌٍ ٛ٘ ٟف ٟاٌؼجبٍ١خ ٚع١ذ ػٍٕٕ ٟلٚء ونا ٍٕب ٚأزئٍذ ِٓ ٕٕلٚء ٍ ِٓٚبػذ ِب ػوفذ األه١ٙخ ك٠خ ٚأب فٙ١ب ثئٍ ٟػْو ٍٕٓ١ ثبدث :طت اّزب ٍزعيٌ ٝب عٌ ٍذَذ أل ثبدث ٍ :خزؼ أ ٛرعيٌٞ ِجؼوفِ ائوح ثبدث :طت عبٝؼ فِٞ ف ٟاٌئٕبٛو ثبدث :طت اّزب عْذك ٗالد اٖ ثبدث :عْذك مبً ػٕل ٞفَّخ ثبدث :طت ٗالدك ٍزعيَٗ ِٞال أل ث١زؼٍّٛا ٌَخ ِقٍُٖٛ ثبدث :اّزب ٍٖزٌ أٌّٖ ٝخيق٘ا أٖ ٛجؼب هثٕب ٍَٙٙ٠ب ِب ٚاٌٛاؽل ِ١جئبُ عبً٘ ٚاٌؼ١بي رجئ ٟى ٞاثُ٘ٛ ثبدث ٕٞ :طيع٘ا م٘ٝغ ِٞاُ ؽبء هللا طت أٗى ٜاخجبس ٍزمشرٌٖ اٝخ 86
الء ث١قل ٚكه ًٚثوا وٍ ُٙث١قل ٚكه٠ ًٚؼٕ ٟائً ؽبعخ اٌٖغ١بهح فبٌٔ ثزبفل كهً ثّ١ذ عٌَٕ ٟ٘ٚ ٗ١خ فٍٕ ٟخ ربٔ١خ ٚكافٍٗ ا ٌٟٚفطجؼب ػبهف ٓ١اٌٙٛغ ف ٟؽىب٠خ اٌّلاهً وً االٍبرنح الىَ ٠قلٚا فٍ٠ ًٛطٍؼ ُ٘ٛأ٠ ٛبفل كهً ٚاعزّبػبد ٚاٌىالَ كٖ ثبدث :سثْب ٍعبٌٕ اُ ؽبء هللا طت اّزب ٍِ اىي ٜثزغَعٔ مذٓ ٍِ ٗالدك دبعظ أْ اٌزؼٍ ُ١وٚ ٌ٠ٛال ِِ وٌ٠ٛ اٌٖواؽخ ثَّئٍ ِّٙػٍّ ٓ١ا٠خ وٚ ٓ١َ٠ٛفالٓ غ١و ولح ِف ِ١االٍزبم كٖ ث١بفل كهً ونا ثزبع االٔغٍ١ي ٞونا ٌّب عٗ اف٠ٛب اٌىج١و ػٕل ٞى٠بهح اٌٍِ ٛ٘ ٟزؼٍُ فجَ١ئً اٌجٕذ ػْبْ افو ٍٕخ ٌٙ١ب ف ٟاالػلاك ٞلٍٙب اِبي ثزقل ٞكه٠ ًٚجئ ٛ٘ ٟث١بفل فًٍٛ ثٌ اثٛو ٟث١لفغ فٍ ِِٚ ًٛػبهف ٠ئو٠ى ٟفغ١ذ ٌّب ّفذ إٌّظو أب اك٠ئذ االٍزبم ٠وٚػ ولٖ وبرت ٚهلخ أ ٞؽبعخ ٠ٚقوط ثوٖ ثبدث :اٝخ اخش اخجبس ٍقش ثعذ اىث٘سح عججبك ٗال ٍؼ عججبك الء اٌٖواؽخ الء اٌٖواؽخ ِِ ىِ ٞىبٔذ ِبّ١خ ثبدث :اّذ دبعظ اّٖب قجو مذح أّٖب ادغِ الء ٠ؼٕ ٟوبْ األٚي ِِ ػٍ ٟؽىب٠ذ اٌلفً ٚال ثزبع ِف ِ١ؽبعخ اٌلفً اٌي٠بكاد اٌٍ ٟأز ٟرَّؼٕ ٟػٕٙب رقٍ ٟأْ ِف ِ١كفً اٌلٔ١ب ثمذ غبٌ١خ ثبدث :طت اىنٖشثب ثزقطع عْذك ٝب عٌ ٍذَذ اٖ َٛ٠وبًِ ثبدث :طت اّزب ىَب ثزئطع اىنٖشثب ثزعَي٘ا اٝخ ثطيع٘ا ثشٓ ٗال ثزعذٗا رغزْ٘ا أل ثٕجئ لبػل ٓ٠ف ٟاٌج١ذ ِٕئلهُ ٔقوط ثوٖ ف ٟؽى١ذ اٌٙ ِِ ٍّٗٚبِٓ ِٕ ٓ١اٌٍ ٟؽ١ئجٍٕ ٟأ ٓ١ِ ٚاٌٍ ٟؽئجٍٗ ٠جئِِ ٟ ٙبِٓ روعغ اٌىٙوثب اِز ٟوّبْ ثبدث :طت اّزب دغبط أُ اىذّٞب غيٞب ؽ٘ٝخ
87
اٖ ٛجؼب ثبدث :اٝخ امزش دبجخ دبعظ اّٖب غيٞذ عّ١غ وً ؽبعخ غٍ١ذ ٠ؼٕ ٟؽىب٠ذ اٌْب٠بد ٍىو اثَ ٜؽبعخ ٠ؼٕ ٟاٌْب ٞاٌٍ ٟأب ِِ ِئله ارئقو ػٕٗ ثئ ٟغبٌ ٟػْبْ ثبٌَٕجخ ٌؾى١ذ اٌلفً أب ٛجؼب ِِ ائله اٌٍ ٟأب ث١غ ِِ ٟٕ١ائله ااوً ٚالكٚ ٞال اٌج١ذ ٠ؼٕ ٟاٌج١ذ ِْ١فِ ٛج١ـ ِور ٓ١ف ٟاٌْٙو وٍٗ ػْبْ أب ِِ كفٍ ٟأ ٟائله اع١ت وٍ ٖٛ١اٌٍؾّٗ ثَزٚ ٓ١ال ٍجؼ ٓ١اٌٛاؽل ػٍ ٟؽَت ِئلهرٗ ثبدث :دٓ امٞذ طت اٗى ٜال قذس هللا ى٘ دذ رعت ف ٜاىعٞيخ رشٗح ٍغز٘فف ٗال ٍغزؾفٜ اٖ أ ٞكوزٛه ثبدث :طت رجئ ٜساض ٜعِ اىخذٍخ ٗال اٝخ الء ؽؼًّ ا ٛ٘ ٗ٠كٖ اٌٛالغ ػٍٕ١ب اٌٛاك رؼجبْ ِِ ٘ئله اٍ١جٗ رؼجبْ ٚارفوط ػٍٗ١ ثبدث :دٓ امٞذ ىَب ثزشٗح ٗرنؾف ثزقج ٜدبعظ اُ اىْبط ٍٖزَ ٔٞاىذمبرشح ٍٖزَ ِٞمذح ٗال أٝ ف ٟؽى١ذ َِزْف١بد اَِ ٚزٕٛف ِِ ِ٘ٛزُ ى ٞاٌٍ ٛ٘ ٟث١بفل فٍ ًٛفبهط ثي٠بكح ػٓ اٌؾىب٠خ ٠ؼٕ ٟأب ثئٛي ٌؾلهره اٌٍٟ ث١ؼًّ ث١ؼًّ ػٍ ٟائل إٌّٖت ثبدث :طت اىَغزؾف ٜاٗ اىَغز٘فف اىي ٜاّذ ثزشٗدٔ اعَٔ أٝ الء ِِ ػبهف اٍبِٟ ثبدث :ثظ ف ٜاىقْبطش جْجل ٍ ،شارل ٍثال ثزؾزغو ٗال أل الء ِف ِ١ؽل ثْ١زغً ػْبْ اؽٕب اه٠بف ٚفالؽ ٓ١إٌفو ٠مجً اْ ِوارٗ رْزغً ثبدث :طت اّذ سأٝل اُ اىغزبد ٗاخذٓ دقٖب ِٕب ثئٛي ٌؾٚوره أب ػْبْ أب ...................
88
ثبدث :طٞت خالؿ امزش خضبس ثزذجٔ أٝ أ ٞؽبعخ ثبٌَٕجبٌ ٟثزؼٍّ٘ٛب ثٕىٌٙٛب ٍٛاء ف ٟاٌقٚبه ا ٚاٌوى ثبدث :طت ى٘ ؽشثذ دبجخ عبئعخ اٌَبئغ ِجْوثِ ُٛجْوثِ غ١و اٌْبٞ ثبدث :طت ثزؾشة عجبٝش ٗال أل اٖ ثبدث :طت ثزؾشة مبً عجبسح ف ٜاىً٘ٞ ػٍجخ وٍٛثزوا ٌ ٛهثٕب اكه ٚثطٍزٙب ٠جئ ٟوٌ٠ٛ ثبدث :اّذ عْذك ٗالدك ثْبد ٗال ميٌٖ ٗالد أل ٕج١بْ ٚثٕبد ثبدث :اىجْبد اعَبٕب اٝخ ٍّو ٚكػبء ١ِٕٚوح ١ٍٚل ٚاٍّبء ثبدث :طت رعشف اعبٍ ٜاىْج ٜأٝ ائٍ ٟأب اػوفٗ ِٓ ٚئذ ِب رقوعذ اْ ٘١ٍ ٛلٔب ِؾّل ( ٓ ) ثبدث :طت ثزفطش أٝ وؾىب٠خ ٍّ١طٗ ّٚبٞ ٌّ ٗٚـ رؼجبْ ـ وّوٖ ـ رٛ١ه ـ ٍّوا ٍٛٚكا ـ الِ ْٛـ ِىوٚثبً ـ فٕغبْ ـ ثٍَزه ـ رٛهرٗ ـ عالر ٟـ ٍٕلٚرْبد ـ ِٖبٕٗ ـ رفبػ ـ وور ْٛـ ثزٕغبْ ـ عبوذ ـ األػلح 89
7.2 Appendix B: Transcripts of Lower Working Class Women )1. LWC (Females ١ٍ - 1لح ً :ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛػٕلن ػ١بي أك ئٗ٠ ط :أٔب؟ أٔب ػٕل ٞأهثؼخ ًِ :ب ّبء اٌٍخ ف ٟاٌّلاهً؟ ط :أل ارٕ ٓ١ف ٟاٌّلاهً ،أز ٟا ٗ٠ثزٖٛهٟٕ٠؟ ً :ال ٚهللا ،ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛأٔزّ ٟب٠فخ ا٠خ ف ٟاٌٖٛهح كٞ؟ ٓ :1ك ٞأهأت؟ ًٌٙٔٛ :ب أٗ٠؟ ط:ثِ ك ٞأث٘١؟ ًٕ٘ ٚ:ب اٌٖٛهح ك ٞا٠خ؟ ط ِِ :ك ٞثبٌٔٛبد ً :أل ك ٞثجزبوً ط :ر١فبػ؟ إًٔ ػٕ١ب ِغجْخ ٠ؼٕٟ ًِ :ؼٍِ ٍالِزه ط٘ :ؼًّ ػٍّ١خ
90
ً٘ :خ ٚك ٞا٠خ؟ طِٖ :بٕخ ثبٓ٠؟ ط :كٖ ثلٔغبْ ػوٍٟٚ ً ٚ :ك ٞا٠خ ط :ك ٞوبِوا ً :كٖ ف ٓ١كٖ رؼوفٟ؟ ط ِِ :ػبهفخ ٚهللا ،كٖ ثزبع إٌٛه ولٖ كح ً ٌٗٔٛ :ا ٗ٠اٌجزٕغبْ كح؟ طٔ :ؼُ؟ ً :اٌجزٕغبْ كح ٌٔٛخ اٗ٠؟ ط ِِ :ئٍٛك ً :أز٠ ٓ١ِٕ ٟب ؽغخ؟ ط :أٔب ِٓ اٌل٠ٚئخ ً :اَِىٚ ُٙ١اؽلٖ ٚاؽلٖ ولٖ ط :كٌٕٚ ٞخ وٙوثخ ،كٖ ثؼ١ل ػٕه رؼجبْ ٚكح أِ ٚ ٔ١كٖ عباوذ ٚك١ٍ ٞغبهح ٚك١ِ ٞىوٚثظبد كٖ ا ٗ٠كٖ ػٍُ كٖ ٚال اٗ٠؟ كٖ ثورئبْ ًٛ :ت كٖ ٌ ٗٔٛاٗ٠؟
91
ط :ثؼ١ل ػٕه ئٍٛك ً !ٗ٘ :أهثٛا ٠قٍٖٛا ط :كٖ ٚى كٖ ٚال ئٗ٠؟ ٚي كٖ فواؿ ثبٕٗ٠ ً :فواؿ أِّ ٚىٓ ٔئٛي اٗ٠؟ وٍٙب ػٍ ٝثؼٙٚب اٌؾبعبد كٞ ط ٛ٘ :ثبٌجٍل ٞث١زئبي فوٚط ِؼوفِ ثئ ٚ ٝكٖ ّبٚ ٞال ئٛٙح كٞ ًِ :ؾطٛٛخ ف ٓ١اٌئٛٙح؟ ط :اٌفٕغبْ ،كٖ ا ٗ٠كٖ ِؼوفِ؟ ً :كٖ ثٕئواٖ ٠ب ؽغخ وً َٛ٠اٌٖجؼ ،ثٕئوٖ اي اٗ٠؟ ط :كٖ ِٖؾف؟ ِِ ػبهفٗ ً :اٍّٗ ا ٗ٠اٌغؤبي ط :اٖ اٌغؤبِْ ،ؼٍِ إًٔ أٔب ٚئؼذ ػٍ ٝكِبغ ِٓ ٟعّؼزٓ١ ً :كٖ أزّ ٟبٛوح أٞٚ ط :هللا ٠ىوِه كٖ أٔب وٕذ أؽَٓ ِٓ ولٖ اٌؾّل هلل ًّ ٗ٘ :ب٠فٗ اٗ٠؟ ط :ك ٞػٍت رئو٠جب ٚك ٞثوكٚا ػٍجخ ِٕبك ً٠إٍ ٚلٚق ٠ؼٕٟ ً :أ ٞؽبعخ ولح أ ٚوورٔٛخ ط :كٖ الِإفنح وبثٕ١خ افؤغٟ
92
ً ٚ :كٖ اٗ٠؟ طّ ِِ :ب٠فٗ وٚ ِِ ،ٌ٠ٛاٙؼ ٌٚ ٟهللا ً :كٖ اٗ٠؟ ٍبٔلٚرِ ٚك ٞثٕبوٍٙب ِغ اٌفٛي ك ٞاٗ٠؟ ط :ك ٞئٛهٕخ ،ػٕ١خ ِٕغجْٗ ً :ال كٖ أزّ ٟبٛوٖ ثٌ ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛرؼٍّ١ه ط :ال أٔب ِب رؼٍّزِ أٔب ٍٛؼذ ِٓ ٍٕخ ربٌزخ ئثزلائٟ ً :ػٕلن وُ ٍٕخ؟ ط :ػٕل ٞرالرخ ٍ ٚزٓ١ ً :ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛاٌَّئؼخ ثزطجـ اىاٞ؟ ط :ا٠خ؟ ً :ثزؼٍَِّ ٟئؼخ؟ ط :ثؼًّ َِئؼخ؟ ً :ئىاٞ؟ طٔ :ئْو اٌجزٕغبْ (ٕٔ ٚ )normally pronouncedئؼٗ فٍِ ٚ ٗ١ِ ٟؼ ٚثؼلٔ ٓ٠ئٍ ٚ ٗ١ثؼل ولٖ ثٕؼٍّٗ رٔ ِٗٛلئٙب ٔ ٚؾ ٜػٍٗ١ األٌّ ٗٛٚب رزَجه ثٕيٚك٘ب ِؼٍئخ فً ٔ ٚ ٗ١ِ ٚؾ ٜفٙ١ب ثئ ٝاٌجزٕغبْ ً :ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛػٕلن ٚالك ث١وٚؽٛا اٌّلهٍخ؟ طٌٚ :ل ٓ٠ث١وٚؽٛا اٌّلهٍخ ً :ارٕ ٓ١ث١وٚؽٛا اٌّلهٍخ؟ ث١ؼوفٛا ٠ياووٚا ٌٛؽلُ٘؟ 93
ط :ث١ياووٚا ّ٘ٗ ٚإؾبثُٙ ً ٓ١ِ :اٌٍ ٟثٖ١وف ١ٛت؟ ط :ال ّ٘ٗ اٌؼ١بي ث١وٚؽٛا اٌّلهٍٗ ٚثؼل ولٖ ثْ١زغٍٛا فّؾً وْو ٚ ٞأب ا٘ ٛثبع ٟاػل ٕ٘ب اىا هثٕ ٟهىئٕ ٟثؾبعٗ َٔٚبػل ثؼ٘ ٠ؼٕ ٟاٌؾّل هلل ً :هثٕب ٍٛ٠غ هىئه ٠ب ؽغٗ ط :هللا ٠ىوِه ًٛ :ت ّىوا ط :اٌْىو هلل ٠ب هة رطٍؼ ِٓ ٟاألٚائً ٠ب هة LWC (Female) 2أً اثشإٌٞ ط :ك٠ئ١ئخ ٚاؽلح إٔت ثٌ وٛثب٠خ اٌْب ٞك ٚ ٞاعٍ١ه ً :ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛأز ٟرؼٍّ١ه اٗ٠؟ طِ :زؼٍّزِ فبٌٔ ًِ :ب هٚؽزِ ِ١لاهً فبٌٔ؟ ٛت ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕخ ط :ػٕل ٞرالرخ ٚفَّٓ١ ًٛ :ت أز ٟثزىَج ِٓ ٝاٌْب ٞثٌ؟ ٛت ط :أل! ٚال اٌْب ٞفِ ٟىَت ٚال ثىَت فبٌٔ ً :األػلح اٌٍ ٟأٔب أػلا٘ب ك ٞثبػل٘ب ِٓ رَؼخ اٌٖجؼ ٌزَؼخ ثٍِ ً١ب ثؼٍِّ ػِ‘ ٓ٠رالر ٓ١١عٕ ٗ١ال ث١ئٔٛٚب ال أوً ٚال ّوة ٚال أ ٞؽبعٗ فبٌٔ ثٌ أ٘ٗ 94
ً :ئٍّ ٌٟٛب٠فٗ ا٠ ٗ٠ب ؽغخ ط :أهأ١ت ً :اٖ! ٌٙٔٛب ا ٗ٠االهأ١ت؟ ط :ثٗٚ١ ً :كٚي ف ُٙ١اٗ٠؟ ك ٞفبو ،ٗٙاٗ٠؟ ط :رٛفبػ ً ٚ :ك ٞا ٗ٠ثزبػذ اٌؼ١بي االٛفبي؟ ط :اٌّٖبٕٗ ً :كٖ ثزٕ١غبْ ،كٖ أوزو ؽبعٗ ٔؼوفٙب ك ٞثٕبوٍٙب وز١و ط :كٖ اٌجوط؟ ثوط اٌمب٘وٖ؟ ً :ال كٖ ف ٟثٍل ف ٟأٚهٚثب ٚك ٞاٗ٠؟ ط ٚ :ك ٞلبِ١وا ً :اٖ! ٌ ٗٔٛا ٗ٠اٌجزٕغبْ؟ ط :اٍٛك ً٠ :ال ئَِى ٍٟ١كٚي ٕٛهٖ ٕٛهٖ ط :كِ ٞالثٌ ٍ ٚغبهٖ عباو١ذ ٌّجٗ ٚرؼجبْ رئو٠جبْ ٛت أٔب ػب٠يٖ أف ُٙكٖ ِؼٕبٖ ا٠ ٗ٠ؼٕٟ؟ ً :أٔب ثزبػخ ٌغٗ ثزبػذ ٌغ٠ٛبد فجْٛف أٍّبء اٌؾبعبد كٌٛئز ٚ ٟأٍّبء اٌؾبعبد ف ٟاٌٍغٗ اٌؼوث١خ األكّ٠خ ٚأٍّبء اٌٍ ٟاؽٕب ثٕئٌٙٛب ولٖ 95
ط ٚ :ػّو كٖ ث١زغ١و فِٖ ٟو؟ اٌؾبعبد كٛٛ ٞي ػّو٘ب اٍّٙب ٘ ٛ٘ ٛفِٖ ٟو أ ٚثوٖ ِٖو كٖ ثورئبْ ،ػوث١بد، ً ٚ :اٌٍ ْٛكٖ اٗ٠؟ ط :ئٍٛك ،فٕ١غبي ئ ٚ ٖٛٙاٌٍ ٟرؾز ِٕٗ ٟاٗ٠؟ فواؿ أل اٌٍ ٟرؾز ٟاٗ٠؟ ً :كٖ عوْ— ط :عؤبْ ،ك ٞا ٗ٠كٞ؟ ً :ػٍت أ ٚاِ ٗ٠ضال؟ ط :اٖ اٖ اٌؼٍت ك ٞثزبػز ٟاٌزالعٗ اٌٍ ٟث١ؾطٗ فٙ١ب اٌغجٕخ ٚاٌؾبعبد ك ٞاٖ ً ٚ :ك ٞاٗ٠ ط :وبهر٠ ٗٔٛؼٕ ،ٟوبهر ،ٗٔٛؽّبَ ،ؽّبَ افؤغٟ ً :ؽّبَ ثٌ؟ ثزإٌٗ ػٍ ٗ١ؽّبَ ط :ؽّبَ ثٌ ،ك ٞاٗ٠؟ ً :ثززبوً ِغ اٌفٛي طٍ :بٔلٚرْبد كٞ ً :اٖ ٚكٖ ا ٗ٠فٛي ٚاٗ٠؟ ط :كٖ ا ٗ٠كٞ؟ ٛؼّٗ١
96
ًٛ :ت ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛثزؼٍّ ٟاٌَّئؼخ اىاٞ؟ ط :ثٕؼٍّٙب اىا ٞث١زٕ١غبْ ٚثزبرٌ ٚثٕئٍ ٚ ٟثٕؼًّ اٌزقل٠ؼٗ ٚثؼلٔ ٓ٠ؾ ٜػٍٙ١ب اٌؾبعبد ك ٞثؼل ِب ٔئٍٙ١ب ثؼل ِب ٔئٍٟ اٌج١زٕ١غبْ ٔ ٚئٍ ٟاٌجزبرٌ ٚاٌفٍفً ٔ ٚؼًّ اٌزقل٠ؼٗ ٔوٚػ ؽط ٕٗ١ػٍٙ١ب رجئَِ ٝئؼٗ. ً :أذ ثزؾج ٟربوٍ ٟاٗ٠؟ فٚبه ٚفبوٗٙ؟ طٍ :واؽذ هثٕب ثؾت أوً وً ؽبعٗ .اٌّٛعٛك أ ٞؽبعخ ِٛعٛكٖ ثبوٍٙب ً٠ :ؼٕ ٟأوزو ؽبعٗ؟ ط٠ :ؼِٕ..ٟب اؽٕب كٌٛئز ٟاٌٖجؼ فٛي ٛ ٚؼّ ٚ ٗ١ثؼل اٌل٘و فٛي ٛ ٚؼّ ٗ١ثٌ .أوزو ؽبعٗ ثٕبوٍٙب اٌفٛي ٚاٌطؼّ ٗ١ك ٞأوزو ؽبعٗ ثٕبوٍٙب ًٛ :ت اٌٍَطٗ ٠زؼٍّٙ١ب اىاٞ؟ ط :اٌَواؽٗ ِب ثؼٍِّ ٍٍطٗ .أٔب ٘غ١ت ف١به ٚاع١ت أ ٚ ٗٛٚأع١ت ِِ ..ػٍ ٝاِ ٗ٠بٌٙبُ الىِٗ ِب ثؼٍّٙبُ ٍواؽٗ. ً :هثٕب ٍٛ٠غ هىئه طٔ :ف ٌ١ؽل ١٠غ٠ ٟئٕ١ٌٛب ٔؼٍٍّىٛا ِؼبُ رؼْٛ١ا ِٕٗ أٔب ِؼب٠ب اٌواعً ػٕلٖ وبَ ٍٕٗ أز ٟػبهفٗ؟ ارٍٕ ٚ ٓ١ز ٚ ٍٕٗ ٓ١أٔب ٛ٘ ٚ ِبٌٕبُ أ ٞكفً فبٌٔ ٠ؼِٕ ٟبٌٕبُ ال ّٛغٍٗ ٚال كفًّ٘ .ب ىِ ٞب أزّ ٟب٠فٗ ولٍٖ ٚ .بػبد كٚي ٠ؼلٚا ٍ ٚبػبد ِب ؽلُ ١٠غ .ٟكِ ٞلهٍذ رؼٍٍٛ ُ١ائٗ رجغ اٌّؾبفظٗ ٍ ٚبػبد رالئ١٠ َٛٙ١غٛا ٍ ٚبػبد ٔبً ِب ثزئلِِ ِب ث١غ٠ .ُٛؼٕٔ ٌٛ ٟبً ئلِذ ث١١غٛا ْ٠زغٍٛأ ،بً ِب ئلِزِْ ٟب ث١غ ٌٛ .ُٛكٚي ِِ ِٛعٛك ٓ٠رالئ ٟاٌْبهع كٖ ئبرغ ِب ف ُٛٙ١أ ٞؽل ٚال ثٕٟ أكِ .ٓ١ف١ب ه٠ذ ِب ؽلُ ٠ؼوف ٌٕب ؽل ٠ؼٍّٕب ِؼبُ ٠ؼٍٍّٕب أ ٞؽبعٗ٠ ،ؼًّ ثؾٌ ػٕٕب٠ ،ؼوف ػٕٕب وً ؽبعٗ. ًٚ :هللا أٔب ثلهً ف ٟاٌغبِؼٗ ِب ٌ ِ١كػ ٖٛثبٌؾبعبد كِ ٞؼوفِ ٌ ٛأػوف وٕذ َ٘بػل ط :اؽٕب عُ ػوث١ٍِ ٗ١بٔٗ ٚأػلٚا ثوكَ٠ ٚئٍٔٛب ثوكٚا فؾبعبد ولٖ ى ٞولٖ ً :أثؾبً ثوكٚا ٚال رٍفيْٛ٠؟ 97
ط :ثز١غٔ ٟبً ثؾٌ ٠ئٌٛه ػْبْ ٔؼوف اٌجٕ ٟأكِ ٓ١أك ا ،ٗ٠ػلكُ٘ اك اٗ٠ ً :اٌزؼلاك اٌَىبٟٔ ط :اٌزؼلاك ٔ ٚبً ر١غ ٟرئٛي ػْبْ ٔؼوف إٌبً اٌغالثٗ اٌِ ٟؾزبعٍ ٓ١ىٓ ٚاٌٍِ ٟؾزبع...ٓ١ ً:اٖ طِ :ب ث١ؼٍّ ُٛؽبعٗ كٖ ثئبٌ َٛٙػْو ٚ ٓ٠رٍز ٍٕٗ ٓ١ث١غٌٕٛب ػّوُ٘ ِب ػٍّٛا ؽبعٗ ػّوُ٘ ِب فىٛا ؽبعٗ اٌُّٙ ً :أز ٟرفزىو ٞف ٟأًِ ٠ب ؽبعّٗ ،ب٠فٗ اْ اٌٍ ٟعب ٞأؽَٓ ٚال أٚؽِ ط :ال كٖ رَأٌ ٟف ٗ١اٌّزؼٍِّ ،ٓ١ز١ٙأٌ ٟاٌّزؼٍّ٠ ٓ١فّٛٙا أوزو ألْ اؽٕب ِِ ػبهف ٓ١ثىوٖ ف ٗ١ا ٗ٠اٌٍ ٟأز ٟؽٚوره ثزَأٌ ٗ١كٖ ػب٠ي ؽل ٠ى ْٛفبُ٘ ف ٟاٌَ١بٍٗ اؽٕب ِِ ٕ٘ف ُٙفٙ١ب٠ .فّٛٙا فٙ١ب ِٓ١؟ اٌّزؼٍّ ٓ١اٌٍّ٘ ٟب ٠ؼوفٛا اٌؾبعٗ ك ٞو ٌ٠ٛث١ئوٚا اٌغؤبْ ث١ئوٚا كٖ ث١ئوٚا كٖ ث١ؼوفٛا أؽٛاي اٌجٍل أّب اؽٕب أػلٕ٘ ٓ٠ب فزوة ِب ثٕؼوفِ أ ٞؽبعٗ ػٓ اٌجٍل .ؽز ٝاٌزٍفي ْٛ٠اٌٍٟ ػٕلٔب ىِ ٞب أزّ ٟب٠فٗ ولٖ ِٓ غ١و كُ ِب ف ِ١كُ ٚال والَ ِٓ كٖ ٚكٌٛئز٠ ٟئٌٛه اٌىٕبٚاد اٌقبهع ٟ٘ ٗ١اٌٍ ٟثزغ١ت اٌؾبعبد اي... ً :اٌؾئ١ئٗ ط :أّب اٌىٕبٚاد اٌؼبك ٗ٠ثزبػزٕب ك ٞاؽٕب ثْٕٛف ًٍََِ ثْٕٛف ف ِِ ٍُ١أوزو ِٓ ولٖ .فبٌٛاؽل ٘١ؼوف ا ٗ٠ػٓ اٌلٔ١ب؟ ٠ب ه٠ذ ٔئلهٔؼوف ػٕٙبٔ ...فَٕب ٔؼوف وً ؽبعٗ ػٕٙب ثٌ ا٘بٌٕ١ب ال كفٍٔٛب ِلاهً ٚال كفٍٔٛب ؽبعٗ. طّ٠ :ىٓ اٌٍ ٟعب ٞأؽَٓ ِ ٓ١ػبهف؟ ثٕئٛي هثٕب ٍٖ١٠ ِٓ ٌٟٛ٠ؼ yesle7 ً :أز ٟؽبٍ١زٌ اْ األٍؼبه غٍ١ذ؟ ط :األٍؼبه ثزغٍ ٝوً ؽبعٗ ثزغٍٍ ٝلئ ٟٕ١أٔب ثؼل ثبٌْٙو ٚثبالرٕ ٚ ٓ١ثبٌزالرٗ ال ثبوً ٌؾّٗ ٚال فواؿ ألٔ ِِ ٟفِٛ ٟئلهر ٟاْ أب اع١ت كٖ .أب ٘غ١ت ثقَّ ٓ١عٕ ٗ١وٌ ٍٛ١ؾّٗ؟ ػّوِ ٞب ٘ئله اع١ت ػّوِ ٞب ٘ئله اع١جٗ ف ِٓ َٛ٠ ٟاأل٠بَٗ١ٌ .؟ ألْ ؽبٌزٕب ػٍ ٝأك٘ب .. ٚثئٌٛه اؽٕب ػبِ ٓ١ْ٠ب اؽٕب ٛبٌّب ِٛعٛك ٓ٠الىَ ٔؼ.ِ١
98
ً :اٌؾّل هلل اٌٖؾٗ أُ٘ ؽبعٗ طٛ :بٌّب ِٛعٛك ٓ٠الىَ ٔؼ ِ١ثبٌئٛالٕ٘ ً٠ؼ ِ١ثبٌىز١و ٕ٘ؼ ٚ ِ١اِ٘ ٟبّٕ٘ ٗ١ؼًّ ا٠ ٗ٠ؼٕٕ٘ ٟئٛي اٌؾّل هلل اؽَٓ ؽبعٗ االَٔبْ ٠ئٌٙٛب ٠ئٛي اٌؾّل هلل الْ اٌ ٓ١ِٛ١اٌٍ ٛ٘ ٟػب ُْٙ٠ف ٟاٌلٔ١ب ٘١ؼٚ .َْٛٙ١ؽْ١٘ ٓ١ؼ َْٛٙ١ؽٍ١٘ ٓ٠ٛؼٍ ٚ َْٛٙ١بػذ ِب ٘١١غ٠ ٟزىً ػٍ ٝهللا ّٛ٠د اّ٘ٛ١٘ ٛد ى ٗ٠ى ٞاٌغٕ ٟى ٞاٌفئ١و ى ٞوٍٗ .فجٕؾّل هللا ٔؾّل هللا ػٍ ٝوً ؽبعٗ. طِ :ب ٘ ٛالىَ َٔجو ِب ٘ ٛاْ ٍجورُ اعورُ ٚاِو هللا ٔبفي ٚاْ ِب ٍجورُ وفورُ ٚثوكٚا أِو هللا ٔبفي .أل ٖٔجو أؽَٓ ػْبْ ؽز ٝأعؤب ٠جئ ٝػٕل هللا ػي .ُ٠اٌؾّل هلل هة اٌؼبٌّ.ٓ١ ً :وزو ف١ون ٠ب ؽبعٗ )3.LWC (Female ً :ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛاٍّه اٗ٠؟ ً٠ :ؼِٕ ٟضال رؼٍّ١ه ٌؾل فٓ١؟ ط :ال أٔب ِبرؼبٌّزِ ًِ :ب رؼٍّز ِ١فبٌٔ؟ ط :ال ً :ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕخ؟ ط :رالرٍٕٗ ٓ١ ًِ :ب ّبء هللا ١ٛت ئ ٌٟٛثئ ٝأٚي ٕٛهٖ ّب٠فٗ فٙ١ب ئٗ٠؟ ط :كٖ ِبٔطٍْٛ ً :ال كٚي وزبه كٖ ِِ ثٕطٍ ،ْٛوبَ ٚاؽل؟ وز١و
99
أ ٞٚاٍّ ٗ٠ ُٙعّؼ.ُٙ١ ط :ػْوٖ ً :ػْوٖ اٗ٠؟ ط :ػْو ِٕبّ ،ً١ٛجبن ً ُِ :ثواف ٛػٍ١ىٟ طّ :بٔلا٠ٚزِ ٛؼّ١خ ،ػٍ١جٗ ثزبػذ أوً ،ػٍجخ ،وبهر ،ٗٔٛفواؿ ،ع ،ٖٛٙفٕغبْ ،عؤبْ ،ثورئبْ ،ػوث١بد، ً :ػوث١بد كٚ ٞال اٗ٠؟ ط١ِ :ىوٚثبىاد ً ٌٗٔٛ :ا ٗ٠كٖ؟ ط :أٍٛك ً٠ :ب ؽبعٗ ٚاؽلٖ ٚاؽلٖ فٍٙ١ب رئٛي؟ طٍٛ :عبهٌٖٕ ،لٖ رؼجبْ ٚال ؽٚ ٗ١ال اٗ٠؟ ١ٛت عباو١ذ، ً :أز ٟئٌٛز ٍٟ١اٍّٙب ا ٗ٠ربٟٔ؟ طٍٛ :عبهٌّٖ ،لٖ ،أهٔت ً :كٖ أهٔت ٚاؽل؟ ط :كٚال فَّٗ ً :أ ِٓ ٖٛ٠غ١و ِب رؼل ُٙ٠ثبٔغبِؼ ُٙثٕئٛي اٗ٠؟
100
ط :ػْو أٔبهة ً :ثٕؼًّ ُِ ط :اٌّؾْ ،ٟثغٍجٗ ً :اٌألٚي ثزْزو ٞاٗ٠؟ ط :ثزٕغبْ ،األٚي ثْزو ٞاٌجزٕغبْ ِٓ اٌَٛء ٚثؼل ولٖ ثغًَ اٌجزٕغبْ ٚثوٚػ عبٌ١بٖ ثؼًّ اٌجًٖ ٚاٌغ ٚ ٗٛٛثؼًّ َِئؼٗ ثبٌجطبٌٛ ًٛ :بة ّ ٚب٠فٗ ا ٗ٠ربٟٔ؟ ط :كٖ ثزبع ا ٗ٠كٖ؟ ثوط ،لبِوا ،ثٕٖٛهٚا ثٙ١ب ً :ف ٓ١ف ٟاالفالَ االٗ٠ ط :فبٌَّ١ب اٌٍ ٟ٘ ٟثزبػذ ىِبْ كٞ ًِٖ :بٕٗ ،رفبػ طِ :ؼٍِ ثالُ ِٕٗ كٖ ً ٗ١ٌ :اٍّٗ اٗ٠؟ ط :ربٚاٌ١ذ ،ؽّبَ ً١ٛ :ت ئ ٍٟ١ٌٛػٕلن ػ١بي؟ ط :ػٕل ٞأهثؼخ ً :ث١وٚؽٛا اٌّلهٍٗ؟ ط :أل 101
ً ِِ :ث١وٚؽٛا؟ ١ٛت ٚأز ٟكفٍه ِٕٓ١؟ ط :ثٕيي أث١غ ّ٠ٛخ ِّٕبك ٚ ً٠عٛى ٞث١ج١غ ّ٠ٛخ عوا٠ل. ً :هثٕب ٠جبهن ٌه ٠ب هة ط :اْ ّبء هللا ١ٛت اٌٍ ٟارَوط ف ٟاٌغٖو رؼٍّ ٍٗ١ثؾٌ ثوكن؟ ػ ٍٟ١ارٌٛل فبك ٖٚثبػٌٚ .ٖٛلد ف ٟاٌغٖو اٌؼ ٚ ٟٕ١فبكٖٚ ثبػ.ٖٛ ً :ثبػ ٛاٌطفً؟ أٖ ٚهللا، ً ٓ١ِ :اًٌ..؟ ط :اثٕ ٟأٔب ٌٚلٖ إٌٙبهكٖ ٌ ٚ ٍٕٗ ٗ١أهثؼزْٙو ف ٟاٌغٖو اٌؼ ٟٕ١فّٙ ٟو ارٕبّو عٗ أثَ٠ ٖٛزٍّ ٛاٌٖجؼ ِبعٕبُ٘ٛ هعًٍ :وئ ،ٖٛكٖ أٔب إٔٛهٌٗ ئزً١ ط :أٖ ٚاٌٍ ،ٟٙاؽٕب ػٍّٕب اؽٕب فٍٕ١ب ؽبعٗ ِب هٚؽٕب ؽجَٕبُ٘ ًٛ :بة ٠ ٚؼٍّٛا ثبٌطفً اٗ٠؟ ط :اٌزّوع ٗ١فبكرٗ ٚٚكرٗ اٌؾٚبٔٗ ٚال ٚكرٗ اٌؾٚبٔٗ ٚال ؽل ٍوئٗ ِٕٙب كٖ ٍٛؼذ فبٌزٍفي ْٛ٠أهثغ ِواد كٌٛئذ ِغ اإلثواّٟ ٚف ٟاٌغؤبْ
)4. LWC (Female ً :األٚي ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛارؼٍّزٌ ٟؾل فٓ١؟ ط ٍٕٗ :أٌٗٚ 102
ً :أ ٌٗٚاثزلائٟ؟ ط :أٖ ًٛ :ت ئٔز ٟػٕلن وبَ ٍٕخ؟ ط :ارٕ ٚ ٓ١اهثؼِ ٓ١بّ ٗ١ف ٟاالرٕ ٚ ٓ١اهثؼٓ١ ً ٚ :اٍّه اٗ٠؟ ط( :رؾوط ٚرمٛي ثٖٛد فبفذ) ًّ ٗ٘ :ب٠فٗ ئٗ٠؟ ط١ّ :جبن ً ٚ :كٚي؟ ط :ػْو ثٕبٍ ،ً١ٛبٔلا٠ٚزِ ٛ ٚؼّ ،ٗ١ربٌذ ػٍت ٚوبهر ،ٗٔٛئ ٚ ٖٛٙفواؿ ٚعؤبي ،ثورئبْ ،اٚرٛثَ١بد ً :كٖ ِِ أٚر١جَبد ك.ٞ ط١ِ :ىوٚثَبد ٌْٛ ،اٍٛك ،رؼجبٌْٕ ،لّٖ ،باو١ذٍٛ ،عبهٖ ،أٔبهة ،ػْو أٔبهة ولٖ ،ثزٕ١غبْ ،ثوط ،لبِ١وا ،رٛفبػ ٚ ِٖبٕٗ ،ؽّبَ ً :أ ٚاٍّٗ اٗ٠؟ ط :ربٚاٌ١ذ ً :ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛثئٗ ػٕلن ػ١بي؟ ط :أٖ ػٕل ،ٞػٕل ٞأهثؼٗ. ً١ٛ :ت ٚث١وٚؽٛا اٌّلهٍٗ؟ 103
ط :أٖ ًٛ :ت ٚث١ياوو ٖٚئىاٞ؟ ط :ث١ياووٚا ،ث١ؼلٚا ٠ياووٚا٠ ،ؼلٚا ػبٌطوث١يٖ ٠ ٚياووٚاّ ،طبه اٌؾّل هلل ً ٚ :كفٍىٛا ئىآ١ِٕ ،ٞ؟ ط :عٛى ٞثْ١زغً ثبألهىٚئ ٚ ٟاثٕ ٟثوكٚا ثبألهىٚئِ ٟغٛىٖ اثِٕ ٚ ٟئؼلاٖ ٠ٚب ٚ ٗ٠أٔب ثبع ٟاٍزوىء ِٓ ٕ٘ب ٚاٌؾّل هلل، ثج١غ ّ٠ٛخ ِٕبك.ً٠ ً :اثٕه ػٕلٖ أك ئٗ٠؟ ط :اثٕ ٟػٕلٖ ١٠غ ٟرالرِ ٚ ٍٕٗ ٓ١زغٛى ٚئبػل ِؼب ٗ٠ف ٟاٌْئٗ ً :ئثٕه ػٕلٖ رالرٍٕٗ ٓ١؟ ٚأزِ ٟزغٛىٖ ٚأز ٟارٕبّو ٍٕٗ؟ طِ :زغٛىٖ ػٕلٍ ٞزبّو ٍٕٗ ًٛ :ت ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛاٌىٙوثٗ ٚاٌّ ٗ١ث١ئطؼٛا ػٕلوٛا؟ ط :أٖ ٍبػبد ث١ئطؼٛا ،اؽٕب ٍبوٕ ٓ١ف ٟاٌَطؼ ٚاٌّ ٗ١ثزئزغ ػٕلٔب ػٍٛٛ ٝي اٌٍ ٟرؾذ ث١بفل٘ٚب ػٍٛٛ ٝي ًٛ :بة ٍ ٚبوزٗ١ٌ ٍُٕ٘ٛ١؟ طِ :ب اؽٕب ثٕئ ٌُٙٛاٌّ ٗ١اٌّ ٗ١ث١ئفٍ٘ٛب ث١َ١ج٘ٛب ّ٠ٛب ٌٕب اٌؾّل هلل ً :اٌؾّل هلل ١ٛت ّىوا ط :اٌؼف٠ ٛب ؽج١جزٟ
104
)5. LWC (Female ً :ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛاٍّه اٗ٠؟ ط :اٍّ ٟى٘ٚوٖ ًٛ :ت ٚرؼٍّ١ه ٌؾل فٓ١؟ ط :أٔب ِب رؼٍّزِ ً١ٛ :ت ٚكفٍه اىاٞ؟ ط :كفٍ ٟهاعً ِ١ذ ِ ٚؼب٠ب ٚاك ِؾج ٚ ًٛثبػل ٕ٘ب ثَزوىء ِب ثؼوفِ اوّٕ ٟرؼجذ وٕذ ثبّزغً ئجٍٗ ػٕل ٔبً كٌٛئز ٟئبػلٖ ٕ٘ب ػٕل ٞاٌغلهٚف ٚاٌٚغ ٜػبٌ.ٟ ً :ثز١غ ٟوً َٛ٠؟ ط :أٖ ثبع ٟوً َٛ٠ ً :هثٕب ٍٛ٠غ هىئه؟ ط :هة ٠قٍ١ىٟ ً :ئّ ٌٟ ٌٟٛب٠فٗ ا٠ ٗ٠ب ؽبعٗ؟ طّ :جبن ٚ ،اٌٍ ٟفٛء ثٕبر،ً١ ً :ئٔزٍ ٟبوٕٗ ف٠ ٓ١ب ؽبعٗ؟ طٍ :بوٕٗ ٕ٘ب فبٌَّبوٓ ط :كٖ ػ ِ١كٖ ٘ ٚبِجٛهعوّ٘ ،جٛهعو كٚ ٞال ّبٔلاٚرِ؟ كٖ ٍٕلٚء ٚك ٞػٍت ،فٕغبي ،فواؿ ٚ ،عٛهٔبْ ،ك ٞػوث١بد ِٕز١ئٗ ٚثٛهرئبْ 105
ً :ك ِِ ٞػوثبد ك ٞاٗ٠؟ ط١ِ :ىوٚثبىاد، ًٚ :كٖ ٌ ٗٔٛاٗ٠؟ ط :كٍٛ ٞكّٖ ،بّٗ ،كٚ ،ٌٕٗٚ ٞكٖ رٛػجبْٚ ،كٖ عبو١ذ ٍٛ ٚعبهٖ ،أٔبه٠ت ،ثزٕ١غبْ، ً ٌٗٔٛ :اٗ٠؟ ط :ئٍٛك ٚ ،لبِواٍٛ ،ه ً :ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛثزؼٍّ ٟاٌَّئؼٗ ئىاٞ؟ ط :ثئْو اٌجزٕغبْ ٚثئزؼٗ ٚأٔئؼٗ فؾجخ ِبٍِ ٚ ٗ٠ؼ ٚثؼل ِب ٕ٠يي اٌَٛاك ثزبػٗ أئٍ ٚ ٗ١ثؼل ِب أئٍ ٗ١أفو ٛثٖالٚ ٗ٠أ ِٛػٍٙ١ب األ ٚ ٗٛٚثؼل ِب ٠زَجه أؽطٗ ػبرَج١ىٗ ،ثزٕغبْ اٍّٗ َِئؼٗ ً :ئٔزّ ٟبٛوٖ أٛ ٞٚبة ٚاٌّؾْٟ؟ ط :اٌّؾْ ٟثئ ٟثئٛه ٖٚثوك ،ٚاٌىؤت ٚاٌال اٌجزٕغبْ؟ ً :اٌٍ ٟئٔز ٟػب٠ياٖ ط :اٌىؤت ثبٍٍٛئٗ ٚثؼل ِب أٍٍٛئٗ أفوػٗ ٚأػٍٍّٗ اٌزقل٠ؼٗ ٚأؽْ ٚ ٗ١أؽطٗ ػبٌجبثٛه ػْبْ ِب ػٕل ِ٠ثٛربعبى ط :كَِ ٞبٍٗ ٚرٛفبػ ،كٖ الِإفيٖ ؽّبَ ً :اٍّٗ اٗ٠؟ كٖ ِِ ؽّبَ ط :أاػلٖ ؽّبَ ً :رٛاٌ١ذ ط :ربٚاٌ١ذ 106
)6.LWC (Female ثبدث :أٗىٞيٝ ٜب أً أدَذ ..أّذ رعيَٞل أٝخ ؟ أل عبٍ٘خ ثبدث :خبىـ ـ طت عبمْخ فِٞ عي٠وح ثٛالق اٌؾٚو . ثبدث :طت أٗىٞي ٜـ عبسفخ أّل عْذك أٗالد مبً ٗالد ٗمبً ثْذ ٚالكٚ ٓ٠رالد ثٕبد ثبدث :طت ميٌٖ ٍزعيَ ِٞأٗ ّـ ّـ أل ِؾلُ ارؼٍُ ثبدث ٍ :ذذػ مَو طت دح عؾبُ ٍؼ عبٝض ِٝاّز ٜمْز ٜعبٝضٌٕ ٝزعيَ٘ا ٗال أل أٔب أّزغٍذ ّأءا اٌؾ١بح ٚثؼل ٓ٠اٌؼ١بي ٌؼجٛا ػٕل ٞئثٕ ٟاٌىج١و ٘ ٛاٌٍ ٟافل اػلاك٠خ ثٌ ثبدث :اعذادٝخ ثظ أٗىٞيٍ ٜقش عبٍيخ ٍعبم ٜاٝخ ثعذ اىث٘سح ال فظ١ؼخ ثبدث :فظٞعخ !! فظ١ؼخ علاًا ثبدث :طت أٗىٞي ٜاىنٖشثب ثزقطع عْذم٘
107
او١ل وً َٛ٠ ثبدث :طت ثزقطع مو أد اٝخ ٌّلح ٍبػخ ٍبػزٓ١ ثبدث :طت اىَٞخ ثزقطع ثزمطغ ِٚب ثغٍٕبُ اال ٍبػز ٓ١وً َٛ٠ ثبدث :طت اىذّٞب دغخ اّٖب غيٞذ االٝبً اىي ٜفبرذ وً ؽبعخ ٌٚؼذ ثبدث :طت أٝخ امزش دبجخ دغٔ اّٖب غيٞذ فٍٛٚا ٌؾل هغ١ف اٌؼ ِ١ا٘ ٛهغ١ف اٌؼ ِ١ثمٌٛه أٙبهكح غٍ ٖٛاٌٍ ٟث١بفل ِ١ذ اٌف ف ٟاٌْٙو ِِ ى ٞاٌٍ ٟث١بفل رٍزّ١خ ٛت أزٛا ٘زؼٍّٛا ا٠خ كح ٠بفل اث ٛفٌّ لوٚ ُٚكٚد ث١بفل ثىبَ ٛت ِب رغٍٚ ٖٛرلٚا كػّٛا اٌٍ ٟث١بفل رٍزّ١ب ؽ١لٔٚب وبَ ٠ؼٕ ٟػْبْ ٔبفل اٌوغ١ف ثٕٔ عٕٚ ٗ١ال ثقَّخ ثبدث :طت ى٘ ثعذ اىؾش دذ رعت ثزشٗد٘ا ٍغزؾفٗ ٜال ٍغز٘فف ػٕلٔب ٚاؽلح ف ٟاٌغي٠وح ثبدث :دغخ اُ اىخذٍخ ْٕبك م٘ٝغخ ٗال الء ال ِِ وَ٠ٛخ ػْبْ ولح ثٕؼلٔ ٞوٚػ اٌقئلاه ا ٚاٌَبؽً ثبدث :اىخضّذاس د ٛف ِٞثقٔ ف ٟكٚهاْ ّجوا ثبدث :أٗىٞي ٜدغخ اىغزبد ٗخذٓ دقٖب فٍ ٜقش ٗال الء 108
٘ ٛف ٓ١كٖ ٘ ٛف ٓ١كٖ اٌؾك اٌٍٚ ٟفلٕٗ٠ ثبدث :اٝخ امزش دبجخ ف ٜاىخضبس ثزنيٖٞب أب ثؾت اٌقٚبه وٍٗ ثٖواؽخ ثؾت اٌقٚبه وٍٗ ثِ ِِ ِزٕبٚي ألْ ف ٟؽبعبد غبٌ١خ اٌّؾِْ ٟجؼٍّ ُٛالْ ؽٍخ اٌّؾْٟ ثؼٍّٙب ثقَّخ عٕ ٗ١كٌٛر ٟرزىٍف فَّ ٓ١ػْبْ اػٍّٙب ِضال اٌىٍٛخ اٌٍ ٟثمذ ثَزخ عٕ ٗ١وٕذ ثغ١ت اٌىٍٛخ ػٍْبْ أٖٔ ؽبعخ ف ٟاٌقٚبه ثبدث :طت امزش فبمٖٔ ثزذجٖٞب اٝخ ٘ ٟوً ؽبعخ ؽٍٛح ثٌ ثوكٚا ِِ ِزٕبٚي ا٠لٕ٠ب ثوكٚا ػْبْ ِزٕبٚي ا٠لٕ٠ب ثبدث :ى٘ ؽشثز ٜدبجخ عبئعخ رؾشث ٜاٝخ ػٖ١و لٖت ثبدث :طت أٗىٞي ٜاىَغئعخ ثزعَيٖٞب اصاٛ ثلٔغبْ ٚفٍفً ٚثٌ ٚاٚ ٗٛٚرَٛ ثبدث :طت اعبٍ ٜاىْج ٜرعشف ٜاعبٍٖٞب أب اػوف اْ ٘ ٍٟٕ ٛهللا ػٍِ ٍٍُٚ ٗ١ؾّل ِٚؾّٛك ِٖٚطفٚ ٟاؽّل ثبدث :طت ى٘ ثزفطش اىقجخ ثزفطش ٛأٝ فٛي ثبدث ثبىْٖب ٗاىؾفب ثزٕغبْ ـ رٛهرخ ـ وور ْٛـ عؤبْ ـ رٛفبػ ـ ثوّبَ ـ وّوح ـ ِٖبٕبد ـ ثَىٛد ـ ثورأْ ـ ٌّجٗ ـ فٕغبي ـ ٍٕلاٚرِ ـ ا ٌ٠وو ُ٠ـ ثٍَزه ـ ٍغبهح ـ ثوط ـ رؼجبْ ـ اٍٛك ـ فواؿ ـ ِبووٚثبً ـ ؽّبَ رٛاٌذ ـ ثٕب ً١ٛـ ّ١جبن ـ اهأت
109
7.3 Appendix C: Transcripts of Middle Working Class Men )1. MWC (Male أّب عشفذ اُ اعَل عٌ عجذ اىذ!ٚ ثَُ هللا اٌوؽّٓ اٌوؽ ُ١اٍّ ٝػجل اٌؾ ٝػطٗ١ ٍبؽٗ ٚاّذ ثزؾزغو ءا ثْٖب ثبىظجظ؟ ّغبي ف ٝاٌيفوفٗ صخشفٔ؟ اّ ٜغً أفيٖ ثبِو هللا ثبرُ اهللا .طت ٗثئبىل قذ ا ٔٝف ٚاىؾغو دح؟ اك ٍٝ١٠كٌٛئز ٝاٌٍّٙب ٍٕ ٝػٕج ٝثزبع اهثؼٍٕٗ ٓ١ ثغٌ هللا ٍب ؽبء هللا.اّزب ثذأد فغٞش ثأح أمٞذ ٝعْٗ ٚاّذ فغٞش. أٔب ّغبي ٚأٔب ػٕل ٜػْوٍٕ ٓ٠خ طت ٍب ؽبء هللا .اّذ ارعيَذ؟ دخيذ ٍذسعخ ٗ مذح؟ أل فلد ِلهٍخ .وبْ ىِبْ..وبْ اٌزؼٍ ُ١ولحٚ..ال كهٚ ًٚال والَ ِٕلٖ .االٍٚزبى ٠قِ اٌفًٖ وئٕ ٝػيهائ ً١اٌّٛد ٠ئجبك اٌوٚػ..الثٌ اٌطوثٌٚ ُٛجلٌخ..ل١بَ..عب..ًٚاٌٍَ٠ ٝئ ٜف ٝاٌلهً ٠ئ ٌٛٛافوك ا٠لن..ف ٝػي اّزب ٚثبٌَّطوٖ ولح٠ .جئب ِ١ذ رالد ٍبػبد ِٕبالٌُ٠ .غ ٝربٔ َٛ٠ ٝةءا ػبًِ اٌلهً اٌ ٝأثٍٚ ٗ١اٌٍ ٝثؼل٠ىٗ..اؽٕب اٌٍ ٝػٕلٔب ف ٝاٌّٖٕغ اٌٍ٠ ٝقوط ِٓ ٍزخ اثزلاءَّ٠ ٜه ِؾبٍت فٍّٖٕغ
110
أثٔ ٍقْع ثأح؟ إِٖٔ ٜغ ٠قْ ِٛٙ .ٛاٌّٖٕغ ئٌ ٝوبْ ػٕلٔب فٍٖف كح ..اٌٍ ٛ٘ ٝؽًٖ ف ٗ١فٖقٖخ..وبْ اٌٍِ ٝبٍى ٓ١ف ٗ١األٚعٛه ٚىٝ ٚى ٝوٍٗ َِزخ اثزلاػٝ ٗاّذ خيقذ اثزذاءٙ؟ ءا ثظ ٍنَيزؼ اعذاد ٙثأح؟ اٌؾّل هلل ِٓ ٔٚب فب ٌٝٚاثزلائ ٝوبْ ػٕلِ٘ٛ ٜجذ اٌيفوفخ .هثٕب أؼُ ػٍ١ب ثبٌيفوفخ .فبٌّلهٍ٠ ٓ١ئ ٌٛٛػب؟ ٠ئ ٌٛٛػب؟ ث١وً ءاا ى ٜوبْ فِ ٝلهً فٍ..ًٚأٌ٠ ُٙب عّبػخ.هثٔٛب ث١ل ٜاالَٔبْ ِ٘ٛجخ..كِٛ ٜا٘ت..هاثٕب ٍجؾبٔٗ ٚرؼبٌ ٝث١لِ٘ٛ ٜجخ ٌىً أَبْ.ىاٌٍ ٝفيفوفخ..اٌٍٍٛ ٝاء..اٌٍ ٝف١ٍّ١ىبٔ١ىب..وٍ ٛوٍ ٛى... ٜكح ٠ؾزٍه إ١ٛخ ولح ْ٠ٚىٍٙب.. عْذك اٗالد؟ ءا ػٕلٜ طت اّذ إزَٞذ ثَغز٘ى ٚرعيٌَٖٞ؟ مْذ ءافذ رعيٌَٖ م٘ٝظ؟ ءا! أب ِجبفوّ ٝػٍ ٝؽل .اٌزٍ٠ ُٙب ٚالك إوف ػٍ١ى ٛكَ أٌجِ..ٝبكاَ اٌٛاؽل ػٕلٖ اٍزؼلاك ٌٍزؼٍ ُ١أب ِجقٍْ ٝػٍ ٗ١ثئٝ ؽبعخى.ثغل ٠ؼٕٝ طت اٗىي ٚاّذ ؽبٝف ٍغز٘ ٙاىزعي ٌٞءا؟ ّٛف ٝأب اّٙبكح هلل ِجغبٍِْ ٝؽل .أب ِّىٓ اّٙل ػٍٔ ٝفَ ٝاؽٍ ٝرؼٍ ُ١وبْ ا٠بَ عّبي ػجل إٌبٕو اىزعي ٌٞمبُ م٘ٝظ؟
111
هللا ٠وؽّٗ .وبْ ث١لػ ٝػٍ ٝاالٍزؼّبه ٚالٍزؼجبك .ػجل إٌبٕو فبهثؼخ ٍٚز ٓ١فّؼوٗ اٌل ٌٝٚاٌٍِ ٛ٘ ٝىبْ االٚثوا فَزخ اوزٛثوفٍٛغ ءاي اػٍّ ٛػْو ِٖبٔغ ػْبْ اّغً كح ؽ١غ ٝػٍٚ ٗ١أد ٕ٠لفٓٚ .فؼٍٓ والَ ػجل إٌبٕو ٕؼ ٓ١ِ.كٌٛئزٝ ث١وْ٠ ٝٙزغً اّغالٔخ كٜ؟ ِ ٓ١فٕ١ب ث١ئله ػْغالٔب كٜ؟ طت أٗىي ٚثأح ٍقش دى٘أر ٚعبٍيخ اصاٙ؟ اُ ؽبٝف ٍقش م٘ٝغخ ٗال ٍؼ م٘ٝغخ ؟ ِٖو؟ ا اىي ٚعججل ٗءا اىيٍ ٚؼ عججل فَقش ثعذ اىغبٗسح؟ ِٖو ثزّو فؼياة .اّ٘بي ٚف .ٝٙٛثبّٛف ؽبعبد ِبر١زؾى٠ .ِ١ؼٕ ٝػٕلٕ٠ب فٍٍ١خ اهثغ ػوث١ذ ارَوئ ٚ ٛف ُٙ١كوزٛه أٍزبم وبث١ل دح فِٞ؟ ؽًٖ ولح فّٕٜءح اٌٖف ٗاّذ عبمِ فٞيقف؟ ءا! هفؼ ٌٛٛاٍالػ ٍ ٚبثٍ ُٙاٌؼوث١خ ٔ ٚييٚ .اٌزالرخ اٌزبٔ ٓ١١ثو ٗٙثؼل ِبفل ٚاٌؼوث١بد فل ٚاهلبَ اٌزٍ١فٔٛبد ٚػب٠ي ٓ٠رالرٓ١ اٌف ِٛلبثً اٌؾبعخٚ .ثؼل٠ ٓ٠غٌٛ ٝؽلّٖ٘ .ب اٍٚبؿ ٔبً اٌؼوة اٌٍٍّ ّٛ٘ٛ ٝؼذ ِٖو..ارغٕ ِٓ ٛاٌ ٜٛٙولح سثْب ٝقيخ اىذبه ٝب سة اىذبه .طت اٗىي ٚاىنٖشّب ثزئطع عْذم٘ مزٞش؟ ءا وز١و ٚاِ١خ ثزئأٛغ اوزو. ٗاّز٘ ثزعَي٘ ءا ىَب ثزئطع؟ ِٕى ٛهلل ٠ب ثزٛع اٌىٙوثبِٕ .ه هلل ٠ب ِوٍ.ٝ ثزئطع عْذم٘ مزٞش؟
112
أل ٠ؼِّٕ .ٝىٓ رئطغ ٍبػخ ٚأ٠بَ ثزئطغ ٍبػزٛ .ٓ١ت إٌٚب ٠ب عّبػخ اٌٖ١ف عبٌّٚ .ٜواٚػ ٌَّٚبوٓ ك٠ئخ .ث١ئٌٛه ِِ ػبهف ؽ١ؼٍّ ٛءا؟ٔٚب ثأح ِجٖلئِ فٍىلة؟ أب ؽٚوره كٌٛئز ًٌّ ٝرئ ٍٝ١ٌٛؽزؼًّ اٌؾبعخ ك..ٜاؤٌه ؽبػٍّٙب ِِ .ءاكه ؽإٌه ِِ ءاكه. طت اٗىي ٚاّذ دبعظ اُ اىذّٞب غيٞذ ؟ ءا! وً ؽبعخ غبٌ١خ .وً ؽل ػٕلح ؽبعخ ث١غٍ .ٝاٌَٛائ ٓ١ػٕلٕ٠ب ٌؼٕلُ٘ هؽّخ٠..ؼٕ ٝوٕب ٔووت اٌٖف ؽٍٛاْ ِ١خ فَّخ ٚ ٍجؼ ٓ١فٍ٘ٛب ثزالرخ عٕ١خ..اٌٖف ؽٍٛاْ! كٌٛئز ٝوٕب ثٕووت إف اٌمب٘وح ثزٕ ٓ١عٕ ٔٔ ٚ ٗ١فٍ٘ٛب ثبهثؼخ عٕ .ٗ١وً ؽبعخ ولح .وً ٚاؽل ث١ؼًّ اٌٍ ٛ٘ ٝػبٚىٖٕ .واؽزٓ ولٖ. اٗىي ٚاّذ ثعذ اىؾش ى٘ دذ رعت ٗدت ٝشٗح ٍغز٘فف اٗ ٍغزؾف ٚثزالئ ٚاىخذٍخ عبٍيخ اصاٙ؟ أل ف ٝاّ٘بي .اٌلوزٛه ػب٠ي روٚؽ ٝاٌؼ١بكح ػْبْ ٠بفل ٙ٠جو .أّب َِزْف١بد اٌؾىِٛخ وٍٙب كٌٛئز ِِ ٝػبهف أؤٌه ءا! اّز٘ ثزشٗد٘ ٍغزؾفٞبد ءا؟ اؽٕب ػٕلٔب فٍٖف رإِٔ ٓ١ؾ ٝثٌ اٚؽِ ؽبعخ٠ .ىْف ػٍ١ى٠ ٚ ٝل٠ى ٝؽبعبد ا ٜوالَ ى ٜاٌٛؽلاد اٌٖؾ١خ. طت اٗىي ٚاّذ عْذك اىغزيذ ف ٚعٞيزل ثٞؾزغي٘ ٗالٗه؟ ءا! ثٕز ٝأثٍخ..ثزلهً فالػلاكٜ رذت ؽغيٖب؟ أ .ٜٚأٔب ِجلئِ ٝجؾجِ اٌَذ رزؼت٠ .ؼٕ ٝاٌوٍٛي (ٓ) ءاي "ّ٘ب اٌجٛ١د "..ر١ٕٛخ ِٓ اٌوٍٛي ػٍ ٝاٌَزبد. اّذ دبعظ اُ اىغزيذ ٗاخذ ِٝدئٌٖ فَقش ٗال أل؟ أل ٚافل .ٓ٠أٔب ِٓ إٌبً اٌٍ ٝربؽزو ُ٠اٌَزبد. طت اٗىي ٚاّذ امزش خضبس ثزذجٔ ءا؟
113
اوزو فٚبه اٌٍّٛف١خ. طت ٗاىَغئعخ؟ عٍّ١خ! عبسف رزعَو اصاٙ؟ ءا! ثبٌزٚ َٛاٌزئٍ١خ ٚربفل٠ؼخ..أٔب ػٕل ٜأٍّبء ى٠ه ولح ثَُ هللا ِب ّبء هللا رؼًّ اٌَّئؼخ رَ١ج ٝاٌٍؾّخ ٚربوٍٙ١ب. طت اٗىي ٚثزؾشة عجبٝش ٗال أل! ثٖواؽخ..ثٖواؽذ هثٕبا أب وٕذ ثْوة ٌ ٚلهعزؼٍجزٚ .ٓ١أٚي أٔب غٍطبْ ث١زٚٚ ٝالك ٜأٌٚى ٛفغأح ولح ىِ ً١ؽج١ج ٝأٌجٗ أث٘١ ولح..ىػٍذ ػٍ..ٗ١هؽذ ػٕلٖ .عٗ كوزٛه؟..أاي ِّىٓ اٌوٚػ رؼٛك ربِٔٛ..ٝد اٌفغأح كح ٠ؼل ٍذ ٍبػبد .اٌّ ُٙاػلِ ٛ٘..بد اٍبػخ رَؼخ .أٔب هٚؽذ اٍبػخ ػْوح .أإٌٔ٠ ٛلفٓ ثؼل اٌؼٖو..الىَ رٌٛغ ثبٌغٖتّ .ؤذ ١٠غ١١ِ ٝذ ٍ١غبهح ثٖ١ذ االئ١ذ ِواه عبِل ٚثىب ٚثزبع أٌٚذ ٠ب هة .أذ لٚبءن ٚللهن .أٔب ثبِٛاد ٔفَ ..ٝأٔب ِِ ؽبّوة ٍغب٠و فبٌٔ..أك ٍٝ١٠ؽلاّو ٍٕخ ِبؽززٙبُ فجئٌ ٝلهعذ ٌ ٛهاوت ١٠ىوٚثبى ٚؽل كافٓ أٚهلل ٌٍّ ٛؾذ روِٙ١بٚال أٔيي؟ثبألكة ٠إٌٍ ٝؽبٙو ٠ٚوٚؽواِٙ١ب. ثغل ٠ؼٕ.ٝ اّذ ثزذت رفطش ءا ٝب عٌ عجذ اىذٚ؟ اٌؾل هلل أٔب ثبفطو اٍبػخ ػْوح٠ .ؼِّٕ ٝىٓ أفطو عجٕخ .ؽبعبد ففبف ٝولح .ؽالٚح ٛؾ١ٕ١خ. طت اٗىي ٚثزبمو فبمٖخ اىقجخ ٗال دبجخ؟ فبوٙخ؟ ثٖواؽخ أؽٍ ٝفبوٙخ ٚا ٔب ِوٚػِّ .ىٓ ِٛى ثؼل اٌْب .ٜأٔب و١١ف ّب!ٜ طت ى٘ دبجخ عبئعخ؟ ٚهللا أٔب ثؾت أٔبٔبً ِٛ.ى..ؽبعبد ٛج١ؼ١خ..أّب االٌٛاْ ٚاٌؾبعبد ك..ٜأؽت اٌؾبعبد اٌٍٍِ ٝطج١ؼخ ٠ؼٕ.ٝ طت م٘ٝظ أدغِ دبجخ! 114
عبر -ٖٛوجَٛي -وورّٕ -ْٛل٠ٚزٍِ -بػغ-ع١الر -ٝثَىٛد -رٛفبػِٖ -بٕبد -ثلٔغبْ-ثورئبْ -وٙوثبِ-غٍخ -ثوٚفبْ- ثالٍزه١ِ -ىوٚثبىاد-اٍٛك -وّوح -فٕغبيٛ١ٛ-ه-فواؿ١ٍ-غبهح-ؽّبَ افؤغٝ
)2. MWC (Male ٛت ِؼٍِ ثئ ٛ٘ ٝاٍّه ا ٗ٠ثئ ٝربٔٝ؟ أٔب اٍّ ٝاؽّل اثوا٘ ُ١اّ١ٙو ثبؽّل ػطب ٛت ِب ّبء هللا ...ال ...أٔب ِّ...ىٓ ِؾّل ثٌ ٌ ٛػب٠ي ٠ؼٕ ٝاٖ ال ٍغٍ ٝثواؽزه ِفِْ ِ١بوً أذ ثزْزغً ا ٗ٠ثظجٜ؟ أب ثْزغً فقوأٝ ثزؼًّ ا.… ٗ٠ؽٍ ٛثزؼًّ ا ٗ٠ى ٜا٠ ٗ٠ؼٕٝ؟ اّوؽٍ ٝولٖ اٌفقوأ ٝى ٜاٌزوى ٜثَٕجخ ٌٍفقبه ٘ ٛى ٜاروى ٜف١جَّه ارٕ١خ ٠فًٖ ِٕٙب ىِ ٜب٘ ٛػب٠ي أذ ثلأد ِٓ ىِبْ ا ٚ ٜٚال اٗ٠ ثلأد ِٓ فٍَّٕ ٓ١خ ِب ّبء هللا ٌ ٗ١أذ ثلأد ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕخ ٠ؼٕٝ؟ رل ٕٝ٠وبَ ٍٕخ؟ ال أذ ولح وجود ٔفَه ػٕل ٜرّبٔ ٚ ٗ١فٍَّٕ ٓ١خ 115
ِب ّبء هللا ِِ ثب ٓ٠ػٍ١ه هثًٕ ٠ل٠ه إؾخ أذ ارؼٍّذ ٚال ألٖ اٖ هؽذ ٌؾل ٍزخ اثزلائٝ ٚفٍٖذ ٍزخ؟ فذ االثزلائ١خ ٚ ٚئفذ اٖ ِؼب٠ب ّٙبكح ٛت وٛ ٌ٠ٛت أذ ػٕلن ٚالك؟ ػٕلٚ ٜالك وز١و ٛت ِب ّبء هللا ِزؼٍٕ ٚ ٓ١ال ألٖ ِزؼٍّٓ١ اٌٛالك اٍّ ُٙا٠خ؟ ِؾّٛك ِؾّل اٍّبػ ٓ١ػّو ٚأٍّبء ٍبهح ػٍ١بء ٛت ِب ّبء هللا هللا اوجو هثٕب ٠ب هة ٠قٍٍّٙ١ه وٍ ُٙارؼٍّ ٚ ٛال ف ٝؽل ٌَخ؟ اٍّبػ ٓ١اٍ ٌٝٚبٔ ٜٛػٍ١بء ربٔ١خ ٍبّٔ ٜٛغبٌ ٓ١فبٌّلٍٚخ ٠ؼِٕ ٝؾّل كثٍ َٛرغبهح ِؾّٛك وٍ١خ رغبهح عبِؼخ ػ ٌّّ ٓ١اٍّبء كثٍ َٛرغبهح ٍبهح كثٍ َٛرغبهح ٛت ِب ّبء هللا ثٌ ٛت ؽٍ ٛأذ ا٘زّ١ذ ثزؼٍُّٙ١؟ وٕذ إ٘ ٚال ٘ ٝعذ ثٖلفخ ؟ أل ٛجؼب ا٘زّ١ذ 116
ٛت اٌؾّلٌٗ وٌ٠ٛ Interruption ٛت ِٖو ولح ثؼل اٌضوٚح ؽبٌٍ أٙب ثئذ اؽَٓ ٚال اٚؽِ ٚال ِِ فبهئخ؟ ثئذ ىفذ ثئذ ىفذ ٛت ا ٗ٠اوزو ؽبعخ ِِ ػبعجبن؟ ٘ ٛؽئً ٌؾٚوره ؽبعخ ٠ؼٕ ٝأب ػٓ ٔفَ ٝأب ِبٌ ِ١كػٛا ثبٌٕبً اّؼت اٌّٖوِ ٜبٌ ُٛؽو٠خ ى٠بكح ػٓ اٌٍيَٚ ؽبٌٍ أ٠ ُٙزَّى٠ّٛ ٛخ اؽَٓ الاىَ ٠زَّه أذ ؽبٌٍ كٌٛئز ٝأ ُٙفل ٚؽو٠خ ى٠بكح ؽو٠خ ى٠بكح ٚاٍزقلِ٘ٛب غٍٜ ُّ٘ اٖ ٠ؼٕ ٝاٍزقلِٛا اٌؾو٠خ اٌٍ ٝعبرٍ ُٙغٍٜ اٖ ٠ؼٕ ٝوبٔذ االٚي َِال ؽٚوره ا ٚأب ا ٚا ٜؽل ِبّ ٝفْبهع الىَ ٠ؾ ٜاٌؾياَ الىَ ٠ئف ف ٝاٌْبهع ِّٕٛع ٠ووٓ فٝ إٌّّٛع كٌٛئز ٝثئٗ ّْٝ٠ػىٌ ْٛ٠ ٚػ ثب٠لٖ ِب رؼوف ِ١رىٍِّ ٝؼبٖ ٠ئً اكث ٛىاث ٜاٌْوٛخ ٚاِّ ٓ١وٛخ وبٔ ٛهِي ٌٕ١ب هِي اٌؾّب٠خ ٚاالِبْ ٚهِي هاؽ ٛف ٓ١ثئٝ؟ 117
أل ؽئ١ئ ٝثوغُ وبْ فٔ ُٙ١بً ِِ وَ٠ٛخ ى ٜوً إٌبً ٌ٠فٔ ُٙ١بً وَ٠ٛخ ٠ؼٕ ٝثزٛع اٌْوٛخ ّ٘ب هِي ٌٕ١ب ٚهِي اٌؾّب٠خ ٚهِي االِبْ أب ثٕبَ ػٍ ٝؽٌ إٌبً ك ٌٛ ٜؽل َِال ع ٗ١اىأ ٝفؾبعخ ّ٘ب ٠غ١ج ٌٝٛؽئٝ ثيثٜ فبٔب ِؾوعِّٙ ٕؼ اٖ اٌْؼت ث١ؾبهث٠ ُٙؾبهثٗ١ٌ ُٙ؟ اٖ اٖ ّ٘ب اٌٍ ٝؽّٕ١١ب ٠ؼٕٝ ثزؾبهثٗ١ٌ ُ٘ٛ ِؾز١غ ٝػٍ ٝكِبغٕب اؽٕب ًَِ ٕ ٕٝ١ث١ئٌٛه اٌج١و اٌٍ ٝرْوة ِِٕ ٛزوِ ِ١ف ٗ١ؽغو ٕؼ ٚكٖ االَٔبْ اٌٍ ٝؽبِ ٗ١ٌ ٕٝ١اؽبهثٛ اٛ٠ح ِب٘ ِِ ٛؽ١ؾّ ٕٝ١ثؼل ولح ؽب١َ٠ت اكٔ١ب رٌٛغ ٚؽ١ؼ٘ ثيثٜ 118
ٚكٖ اٌٍ ٝؽبًٕ كٌٛئذ أذ ػٕلن ؽأ ٛت ا ٌٍٝٚأذ ٍبوٓ فٓ١؟ أب ٍبوٓ اٚها٠ت ِٓ اٌْغً ػٍ ٝثؼل و ٍٛ١رأه٠جب رؼزجو ِٖو األكّ٠خ؟ ٠ؼٕ ٝفّٖو األكّ٠خ؟ اٖ ٛت أذ ٛٛي ػّون ٕ٘ب ٛٛي ػّوٕ٘ ٜب وٌ٠ٛ ٛت أ ٌٍٝٚاٌىٙوثب ػٕلٚو ٛثزئطغ ٚال أل؟ أل ٛت اٌؾّل هلل ى ٜاٌؼبك ٜف ٝأ ٜؽزخ ِّىٓ رئطغ ػْو كئب٠ئ ثزبع اٌٗ ٘ ٛاٖ ى ٜىِبْ ٠ؼٕٝ اٌؼبكٜ ٛت ٚاٌّب ٗ٠ثزئطغ ٚال ثوك ٚى ٜاٌؼبكٜ أل ِجزطؼِ اٌؾّل هلل
119
ٛت اكٔ١ب غبٌ١خ كٌٛئز ٚ ٝال ػبك ٜى ٜىِبْ ؽَت اٌيهٚف أذ ؽبٌٍ اكٔ١ب كٌٛئز ٝغبٌ١خ غبٌ١خ الْ ف ٝعْغ ِ ٚف ِ١هلبثخ ف ٟعْغ ِ ٚبف ِ١هلبثخ وً أٌٍ ٝفَ ٛف ٝؽبعخ ٠ؼٍّٙب اٖ اٌٍ ٝػب٠ي ٠ؼًّ ؽبعخ ٠ؼٍّٙب ٚػبهف اْ ِف ِ١ؽل ٠ؾبٍجٛ ٛت اٌَّزْف١بد ٌ ٛثؼل اٌْو ال لله هللا أذ ا ٚاٚالكن رؼجز٠ّٛ ٛخ ٚػب٠ي روٚػ ٠ؼَِٕ ٝزْف ٝكوزٛه َِزٕٛف ٚولح اٌَّزْف ِٓ ٝاثً اٌضٛهح ٝ٘ ٚػب٠يح رؼلً٠ اٌَّزْف ٝاٌ ٝثزٛؽٙب اٗ٠؟ اٌَّزْف١بد اٌؼبِخ؟ اٖ اٌئٖو اٌؼ ٕٝ١اٌَالَ اٌّزْف١بد ِٓ اثً اٌضٛهح ٝ٘ ٚػبٛ٠ح رؼلً٠ ٛت ا ٗ٠اٚؽِ ؽبعخ فٙ١ب؟ اٌّؼبٍِخ ٚال اٌقلِخ اٌّّوٙبد اٌلوبروح ٔفَٙب؟ ؽئً ٌؾٚوره ؽبعخ ف ًَِ ٝثٍل ٜاٛجق٠ ٝب عبه٠خ وٍف ٠ب ٍ١لٜ ثيث ٜولٖ اٖ ِؼٕلِّ٘ االِىبٔ١بد
120
اٖ اُِّ ٠ؼّٕ٘ ٝب اٌلوزٛه ٚاٌّّوٙخ ٛ٠ ٌٝٚ ٌٝٚػ ػْبْ ْ٠زغً ِِ الئ ٝهثب ِِ ٛالئ ٝثالٍزو ِِ الئٍ ٝؤغخ ٠ل ٜثٙ١ب اثوح فج١ئٌٛه هٚؽ ٝاّزٍٝ١ اٖ ِ٘ ِِ ٛئٖو ثٌ ٘برٛا ٚؽبعزٛ اٖ ِِ ك ٜاٌؾئ١ئخ ٚال كٖ ٕؼ اٖ اٖ ٛت ثَٕجخ ٌٍَزبد فؼٍ١زه ِّىٓ رْزغً ٠ؼٕ ٝف ٝؽل ف ٝثٕبره َِال أل اؽٕب ٛبػٕب ٌئٕ١ب اٌَزبد ػٕلٔب َ ثزْزغٍِ ٚثٕبره ثوك ِِ ٚػب٠يْ٠ ٓ٠زغٍٛ؟ أل أل ِزغٛىح فالٓ ؽز ٌٛ ٝاعٛاىُ٘ ٘ ٚ ٝعٛى٘ب فالٓ ثئٝ اٖ ١ٛت أذ ٍّ١ف اٍزبد ٚافل ٓ٠ؽئ ٚ ُٙال أل؟ ِ٘ ٛؾلُ ٚافل ؽئٛ اٖ ثٌ ثَٕجخ ٌٍوعبٌخ ٠ؼٕٝ 121
ال ٍزبد ٚال هعبٌخ ٚال ى ٜثؼ٘؟ أب ؽئً ٌؾٚوره ؽبعخ فٍ ٝزبد أب ػٕل ٜرّبٔ١خ ٚفٍَّٕ ٓ١خ أب ارغٛىد ٍٕخ اهثؼخ ٍ ٚجؼ٠ ٓ١ؼٕ ٝأب ارغٛىد ػٕلٜ ٍجؼزبّو ٍٕخ اٖ ٕغ١و اٖ وبْ اٌغٛاٌٍْ ٚجب ٞفبٌّلح ك ٜأ ٜؽبعخ رغٛىٖ اٖ ٠زغٛى ف ٝاٚكٖ ِِ الىَ ؽبعبد وز١و فبٔٙبهكٖ ِّىٓ ٚاؽلٖ رجئٚ ٝاؽل ِقٍف رٍذ اهثغ ػ١بي ٍ ٚبوٓ ف ٝاٙٚخ ١٠غ ٝػوٌ ٌ٠جٕز٠ ٛئٛي أب ػب٠ي ّئخ اٖ ِزٍّ٘ٛب فٍ ٝاٌجٕذ رزٍُ ِِ ِؼٕ ٝأزٛ؟ أل ِِ ِِ ِؼبٔب اؽٕب اىهٚف ثزبػذ اٌجٍل أب ػبهفخ ِِ ٠طّغ ٠ؼٕ ٝاٖ اٖ اُِّ اٖ ٠ؼٕ ٝأٙبهكٖ اٌٍ ٝػب٠ي ٠زغٛى ِِ ػبهف ٠زغٛى اٖ 122
ّئخ ػب٠يح وبَ ِ ٛ٘ ٚورج ٛوبَ ٚثْ١زغً ثىبَ فّبوبِٔ اٍَ٘٠ ٛبػل ِِ ٖٚؽ١زغٛى كٖ ٕؾ١ؼ ٚثؼل ٓ٠اٍ٘ ٛرؼجبٔ ٓ١ؽَ١بػلٓ١ِٕ ٖٚ؟ ّ٘ب ِِ اكهٓ٠ ِب٘ ٛثبٌؼئً ػٕلن ػء ٠ؼٌّٕ ٝب إوف ػٍ ٝاثٕ ٝأٙبهكٖ اكفٍ ِٓ ٛاثزلائٌ ٝؾل اٌغبِؼخ ٕوفذ ػٍ ٗ١اك اٌغٛاى ػْو ِواد ٛجؼب ٛت أب اٍبػل ٚثب ٗ٠ربٔٝ ٛت أب ولٖ ٍٕ ٚزٍٕٚ ٛز ٌَٜ ٛاٌجؾو ٍ ٚجزٛ اٖ فٍ ٗ١ثئ٠ّٛ ً١ْ٠ ٝخ ٠ؼ ِ١ؽ١بر٠ّٛ ٛخ ّ٠ٛخ ٘ ِِ ٛػبهف ٌٛؽ ِِ ٛؽ١ؼوف كٖ ٕؼ ف ٟوبَ كوزٛه ف ٝاٌجٍل ا ٚوبَ ثىبٌٛهًٛ٠؟ ٚوبَ الٍغٕبً ٚأػل ِِ ٓ٠الئّ ٓ١١غً ٚأػل ِِ ٓ٠الئّ ٓ١١غً ٕؾ١ؼ اٖ اٖ ثيثٜ ٛت ا ٌٍٝٚا ٗ٠اوزٍو فٚبه ثزؾجٗ؟
123
أوزو فٚبه؟ اٖ (ٙؾىخ) وً أٛاع اٌقٚبه ٠ؼٕ ٝاٌجٍَخ ٚال اٌىٍٛخ وًٍٍ أٛاع اٌقٚبه ٛت ا ٗ٠اوزو فبوٙخ ثزؾجٙب؟ أٍئٍٗ أٍئٍخ غو٠جخ ّ٠ٛخ (ٙؾىخ) ٘ ٛاٌجٍؼ اٌجٍؼ ٛت وٌ٠ٛ ٛت ٌّ ٛوثذ ؽبعخ ٍبئؼخ؟ اٌجٍؼ ثبٔٛاػٛ اٌجٍؼ الٔٛاػٛ ٛت و ٛ٘ ٌ٠ٛاوزو ؽبعخ ِغي٠خ اٌؾئ١ئخ ٠ؼٕٝ ٛت ٌّ ٛوثذ ؽبعخ ٍبئؼخ رْت اٗ٠؟ اّوة اٗ٠؟ ِِ ٗ١ألٌٍٚخ ٠ؼٍِٕ ٝىِ فٗ١ ال ال ال
124
اٌٖٛكا كٜ؟ أل ِِ ٗ١ألٌٍٚخ ٛت ثزْوة ٍغب٠و؟ اٖ أذ ثزْت أفْزه وز١و ٛت ثزْوة وبَ ٍ١غبهح فبٌَٛ١ ٠ؼِٕ ٝب ٠موة ِٓ ػٍجخ ٌّب ثزفطو اما فطود ا ٌٛ ٚثزؾت رفطو اٌٖجؼ ٍبٔلاٚرِ ا ٜؽبعخ ١ٛت ا ٜؽبعخ رٖجو ٚفالٓ
ٍغبهح عؤبْ ثوٚفو
125
عبوذ ثالٍزه ِ١ىوٚثبىاد اٍٛك وبِ١وا فٕغبْ فواؿ/فوٚط رٛهرٗ ثوّبَ وبهرٗٔٛ ع١الٝٛ ثَىٛد رفبػ ِٖبٕخ ثٕزٕغبْ ثورئبْ ثوط ا٠فً
126
ٌٕلٖ رؼجبْ أػلد ؽّبَ Time 10:11
)3. MWC (Male اٌجبؽش :أب ِجلأ٠ب ًا أٌٚه اٌجؾش كٖ ػٓ اٌٍ ٝثْ١زغٍٛا ف ٝاٌّزؾف ٚؽٛاٌ ٓ١اٌّزؾف ..ثْٕٛف إٌبً ػب ْٗ٠ئىاٚ ٜثؼل ٓ٠ثْٕٛف ئىأَ ٜبػلُ٘. اٌجبؽش :أثلأ أٍأٌه ثزْزغً اٗ٠؟ ػبًِ ػزبي ِقبىْ. اٌجبؽش :ػزبي ِقبىْ ٛت ً٘ٚأذ ِزؼٍُ ٚال اٗ٠؟ أل ِقٍٔ كثٍ.َٛ اٌجبؽش :كثٍ َٛاٗ٠؟ كثٍ َٛىهاػٗ. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ٍٚبوٓ فٓ١؟ ٍبوٓ ف ٝكاه اٌَالَ. اٌجبؽش: 127
١ٛت ِّىٓ أٍأٌه ِضالًا ..أذ ػب ِ٠فّ ٝمٗ ٚ ,ال ف ٝاٗ٠؟ أل آػل فّ ٝئٗ ِٚزيٚط ٚػٕل ٜثٕز.ٓ١ اٌجبؽش :ػٕلن ثٕز .. ٓ١ثٕبره ِزؼٍّبد؟ ٘ٛٔ ٝه٘بْ ٍٕٗ 11ف ٝهاثؼٗ اثزلائٚ ٝهؽّٗ ف ٝاٌؾٚبٔٗ ٓ١ٍٕ 6 ..ؽزقِ ئْ ّبء هللا إٌَٗ اٌٍ ٝعب ٗ٠اٌّلهٍٗ. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت و ٌ٠ٛأذ ِٙزُ ثزؼٍُّٙ١؟ آٖ اٌؾّل هلل. اٌجبؽشٚ :هثٕب ٠بهة ٠ىوِه ئْ ّبء هللا ٍِٚزيَ اٌؾّل هلل. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ِب ّبء هللا ..هثٕب ٠ىوِه ئْ ّبء هللا ١ٛ ,ت ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌٍّناووٖ ..أذ ثزَبػلُ٘ ف ٝاٌّناووٖ ٚال ؽبعٗ؟ ثَبػلُ٘ ف ٝاٌّناووٖ ف ٝاٌج١ذ ٛجؼب ًا ٚثزبثغ كه ٍُٙٚف ٝاٌّلهٍٗ ٚوً اٍجٛع ثوٚػ ..ػْبْ ث١جؼز ُ٘ ٌٝٛػْبْ ػٕلٜ ٔٛه٘بْ ّبٛوٖ علاًا ..ف ٝاٌج١ذ ػٕل .. ٜثزبثؼٙب ف ٝاٌلهٚ ًٚاٌّغبِ١غ ٚوً ؽبعٗ. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت هثٕب ٠ىوَ ئْ ّبء هللا. هللا ٠قٍ١ى.ٝ اٌجبؽش :ا ٗ٠هأ٠ه فِٖ ٝو ولٖ ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ؟ أفجبه اٌضٛهٖ ػٍّذ ِؼبن اٗ٠؟ ٚال أٚؽِ ٚال اٗ٠؟ ٚهللا ٘ ٝوٚٚ َٗ٠ٛؽْٗ فٔ ٝفٌ اٌٛئذ ٠ ..ؼٕ ٝو ِِٚ َٗ٠ٛو .. َٗ٠ٛو َٗ٠ٛػْبْ األِٛه ثزبػزٕب ثٖواؽٗ أثً ولٖ وبٔذ رؼجبٔٗ. آٖ وبٔذ ٙؼ١فٗ علاًا علاًا علاًا فوثٕب ووِٕب ..ارَجزٕب ٚاٌّورجبد ىاكد ّ.ٗ٠ٛ 128
٠ؼٕ... ٝ ٠ؼٕ ٝ٘ ٝاٌؾبعٗ اٌى َٗ٠ٛئٌٍ ٝػٍّذ فٕ١ب اٌضٛهٖ. آٖ ثٌ ف ٟؽبعبد ربٔ ٗ١ثئ ٝأٔب ِِ ها ٝٙػٕٙب ٛجؼب ًا. ؽىب٠خ ثئ ٝاٌظب٘واد ٚم ٚٚاالؽزغبعبد اٌفئٛ ٗ٠ٛجؼبًا ِِ ها ٓ١١ٙػٕٙب ٛجؼب ًا. اٌجبؽش ِِ :ها ٝٙػٕٙب ٛ ..ت اٌىٙوثب ثزئطغ ػٕلوٛ؟ أل وبٔذ ثزئطغ ِٓ اٍجٛػ ٓ١ثٌ ثئبٌٙب ثزبع اٍجٛػ ٓ١و.. َٗ٠ٛ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ٚثزؾٌ ا .. ٗ٠ثزؼٍّٛا اٌّ ٗ٠ب ثزئطغ؟ ٠ؼٕ ٝثزئؼل آٛؼٗ اك ا ٗ٠ولٖ؟ ٠ؼٍٕ ٝبػٗ ٍ , ٔٔ ,بػٗ ئال هثغ ٛ ..جؼب ًا آػلِٚ ٓ٠ب٠ئ ٓ١اٌجٕبد ِِ ػبهفٗ رناوو ِٚزؼوفِ ِضال اٌَذ رقِ اٌّطجـ رؼًّ أ ٜؽبعٗ ..ثٕجئ ٝآػلِٚ ٓ٠ب٠ئٛ ٓ١جؼب ًا.. اٌجبؽش :أو١ل ١ٛ ..ت اٌّ ٗ١ػٕلوٌ ٛزئطغ ٚال أل؟ أل اٌّّ ٗ١غبٌٗ و ٌ٠ٛاٌؾّل هلل اٌجبؽش :اٌّ ٗ١و!!َٗ٠ٛ آٖ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ا ٗ٠هأ٠ه ف ٝاٌلٔ١ب؟ غٍ١ذ ٚال ِغٍ١زِ؟ ا ٗ٠األفجبه؟ أل األٍؼبه اهرفؼذ ّ٠ ٗ٠ٛؼٕ ٝثبٌَٕجٗ ٌألٍؼبه اهرفؼذ ف ٝوً ؽبعٗ وً ؽبعٗ األٍؼبه ِورفؼٗ ٠ؼٕ.ٝ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌٍَّبّف١ال ٚاٌلوبروٖ ٚاألكٗ٠ٚ؟ ثزؾزبط روٚػ َِزْف , ٝروٚػ َِزْف ٝاٗ٠؟ أَِ ٚزٕٛف أ ٚولٖ؟ 129
أل اؽٕب اٌىْف ثزبػٕب رإِٔ ٓ١ؾ ٝػٍ ٝؽَبة اٌٛظ١فٗ ٛجؼب ًا ..ػبٍِ ٓ١وبهٔٙ١بد ثٕىْف ثٙ١ب ف ٝاٌَّزْف١بد اٌٍ ٝثوٖ .. ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌٍّلاَ ٚاألٛفبي ث١ىْفٛا ثوٖ ف ٝاٌَّزْف١بد اٌٍ ٝثوٖ ػبك.ٜ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ها ٝٙػٕٙب ٚال ِِ ها ٝٙػٕٙب؟ ٛت إًٔ ك ٜؽبعٗ ِٓ ىِبْ ٠ؼٕ ٝاؽٕب وً اٌٍ ٝػب٠ئ ٕٗ٠قٍ ٝاٌزأِ ٓ١ثزبػٕب ٌألٍوٖ وٍٙب ثٌ ٛجؼب ًا ِبٕ٠فؼِ. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ٚأذ ٌّب ثزوٚػ رىْك ثوٖ َِز ٜٛاٌقلِٗ ث١جئ ٝو ٌ٠ٛاٌلوبروٖ وٚ ٓ١َ٠ٛال ا ٗ٠إٌظبَ؟ إًٔ أٔب ثئبٌٍ ِٓ .. ٝبػخ اٌٛظ١فٗ ِىْفزِ ثوٖ .. اٌجبؽش :آٖ أ ٜٛ٠آٖ فبٔذ.. ثىْف ٕ٘ب ػٍٛٛ ٝي ٠ ..ؼٕ ٝثبفل عٛاة ِٓ ػٕلٔب ثىْف ف ٝأَِ ٜزْف ٝإٌ ً١ثلها ٜٚاٌَالَ اٌلٚ ٌٝٚوً اٌؾبعبد كٜ اٌجبؽش :أل أٔب أئٖل اٌقلِٗ.. اٌقلِٗ ثوٖ ػبِخًا ٠ؼٕٝ؟ ٘ ٝاٌقلِٗ ف ٝثؼ٘ اٌَّزْف١بد ٠ؼٕ ٝثؼ٘ اٌَّزْف١بد ث١جئ٠ ٝؼٕ ِِ ٝأ٠ ٜٚؼٕ ِِ ٝأ٠ ٜٚؼٕٝ ف ٗ١اٌٍٚ ّْٝ٠ ٝف ٟاٌٍِ ٝبث٠ ِ١ّْ١ؼٕ ٝإٌ ً١ك ٜو َٗ٠ٛثوك ٚو٠ َٗ٠ٛؼٕ ٝثؼ٘ اٌَّزْف١بد و٠ َٗ٠ٛؼٕ.ٝ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ٛت ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌٍَزبد فِٖ ٝو ولٖ ّب٠ف ئٔٚ ُٙافل ٓ٠ؽئٚ ُٙال أل؟ ثٖواؽٗ أل ..فٔ ٝبً ِظٍ.ِٗٛ اٌجبؽشٗ١ٌ : ػْبْ اٌَذ ثزبػزِ ٝؼب٘ب ثىبٌٛهِ ًٛ٠ؼب٘ب ٌَ١بٌٔ آكاة ٚافلاٖ ِٓ ِ ..2005ف ِ١رؼٙ١ٌ ٓ١١ب. اٌجبؽش :آٖ ِٓ ِ 2005ف ِ١رؼٙ١ٌ ٓ١١ب؟ اٌجبؽش :اُِ ..آٖ َِزٕ.ٗ١ 130
ك ّٓٙ ِٓ ٜإٌبً اٌّظٍٛ ِٗٛجؼب ًا ٌ ٛف ٝػلي ف ٝاٌجٍل ئّٔب ظٍُ ٠ؼٕٚ ٝاؽلٖ ى ٜكٚ 2005 ِٓ ٜافلٖ ٌَ١بٌٔ آكاة ٠ؼٕٝ ّٛف ٝوبَ ٍٕٗ رؼٍُ١ اٌجبؽش :آٖ ٚأٔب ارغٛىرٙب ٝ٘ٚثزلهً ِٖ ..به٠ف 2005 ِٓٚ ..آػلٖ ِِٚػبهفٗ رزٛظف. اٌجبؽش :أو١ل ٌ ٛاّزغٍذ ثوك ٚؽزَبػل. ؽزَبػل ٛجؼب ًا ؽزَبػل ٛجؼب ًا اٌجبؽش :أو١ل ألٔٛ ٝجؼب ًا ثْزغً ّغٍٕزِّٙ .. ٓ١ب وبْ اٌّورت ثزبػٕ١ِ ٝفؼِ ثوك ٚاٌج١ذ ِٖ ..به٠ف ٠ ..ؼٕ ٝثْزغً ٕ٘ب ثقٍٔ اٌَبػٗ 3 ثبهٚػ ّغً ربٔ ٝثؼل اٌٙٚو ػْبْ أكه اوًّ اٌّٖبه٠ف ك ٜفٖؼجبٔٗ ػٍ١ب علا ّٓٙ ِٓٚاٌظٍُ ثزبع إٌَبٚ ٓ٠ٚاؽلٖ ِضالًا ِؼب٘ب ٌَ١بٌٔ آكاة اٌّفو ٗٚرزؼ ٓ١ثٛظ١فزٙب. أ ٖٛ٠ثظجِ .. ٜزؼٍّٗ ٚرؼٍ ُ١ػبٌ ٝوّبْ. آٖ ٚرؼٍ ُ١ػبٌ٠ ٝؼَٕ١ٌ ٝبٌٔ آكاة ٚثؼل ٓ٠ك ٜىػالٔٗ ٕٚؼجبٔٗ ػٍ١ب ثٌ أػًّ ا ٗ٠هثٕب ئْ ّبء هللا .ًَٙ٠ اٌجبؽش :ئْ ّبء هللا هثٕب ّْٝ٠اٌجٍل ٠بهة ٛ ,ت أٍأٌه ٍإاي ولٖ ػٓ ا ٗ٠اوزو فٚبهثزؾجٗ؟ اوزو اٗ٠؟ اٌجبؽش :أوٍخ فٚبه ثزؾجٗ. فٚبه ٚال ٛج١ـ ..فٚبه اٌجبؽشِّ :ىٓ فٚبه ِّٚىٓ ٛج١ـ؟ أٔب ثؾت اٌٍّٛف ٗ١علاًا ٚاٌجبِٗ١
131
اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت. ٚاٌفبٕ١ٌٛب ك ٜثوك ٚؽبعٗ عّ ٍٗ١ثوكٚ ٚاٌّؾبّٛ ٝجؼب ًا ثأٔٛاػٙب ٚفواؿ ٌٚؾّٗ ٍّٚه أل األوً وٍٗ أٔب ثؾجٗ اٌٖواؽٗ. اٌجبؽش :ا ٗ٠اوزو فبو ٗٙثزؾجٙب؟ اوزو فبو ٗٙثؾجٙب اٌزفبػ. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ثزْوة ا ٌٛ ٗ٠ؽبعٗ ٍبئؼٗ ,رْوة اٗ٠؟ ؽبعٗ ٍبئؼٗ ثْوة ٍفٓ ٍ ..مٓ أة إٔ١ٍ ٚب وٛال. اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت فالٓ ؽٍ.ٛ ١ٛت ثزؾت اٌَّئؼٗ ٚال أل؟ ثؾجٙب عّ ٍٗ١ثبػْئٙب اٌَّئؼٗ عّ ٍٗ١فٍ.ٖٛ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ػٕلن فىوٖ ثززؼًّ ئىاٜ؟ ػٕل .. ٜثٕغ١ت اٌجزٕغبْ األٍٛك ..اٌّلاَ اٌٍ ٝثزؼًّ ٛجؼبًا ف ٝاٌج١ذ ...اٌجزٕغبْ األٍٛك ٚاٌفٍفً ٚاألٚ ٗٛٚاٌؾبعبد ك ٜوٍٙب ٚاٌـ.. رجئ ٝأوٍٗ و.َٗ٠ٛ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت أ ٌٍٝٚثزْوة ٍغب٠و؟ ثْوة آٖ ٌ ..ألٍف ثبّوة. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ِبٔفَىِ ولٖ ..ولٖ رجطٍٙب؟ ٔفَ ٝاثطٍٙب ٔ ..فَ ٝاثطٍٙب ٚهللا.
132
اٌجبؽش :ئْ ّبء هللا رٕ ٜٛولٖ ػْبْ اٌٖؾٗ آٖ ..ثّٕبٍجٗ ثئ ٝهِٚبْ عب ٜرجئ ٝفوٕٗ ثئ ٝهِٚبْ اٌغب ٜفؾبٚي ثئ ٝئْ ّبء هللا أل رجئ ٝػي ّٗ٠ئْ ّبء هللا ٚئْ ّبء هللا اثطٍٙب ٚأٚػل ؽٚوره ثوك ٌٛ ٚع١زِ ٝوٖ ... اٌجبؽش :أل أو١ل ؽيٚهو ٛربٔٛ .. ٝجؼب ًا. ٛجؼب ًا أو١ل ئْ ّبء هللا رْوفٕ١ب ٠ب افٕلَ. اٌجبؽش :هللا ٠قٍ١ه ٛت أ ٌٛ ٌٍٝٚعجذ ٌٚل. ٌ ٛعجذ ٌٚل؟ اٌجبؽش :أْ ّبء هللا رَّ ٗ١اٗ٠؟ اٍِّ ٗ١ؾّٛك. اٌجبؽشِ :ؾّٛك! ٌٗ١؟ ػْبْ ػٕل ٜأؿ ٍِزيَ ثٌ ِبّبء هللا ٠ؼٕ ٝؽبعٗ و َٗ٠ٛعلاًا اٍّٗ ِؾّٛك. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت أذ ػٕلن فىوٖ اٍبِ ٝإٌج ٝوٍٙب اٗ٠؟ اٍبِ ٝإٌج ٝوٍٙب... اٌجبؽش ِِ :وٍٙب وٍٙب أإٔل ٠ؼٕ ٝوبَ اٍُ ولٖ.. ٠ؼِٕٚ ٗٛ ٝؾّل (ٍٕ ٝهللا ػٍٚ ٗٛٚ )ٍٍُٚ ٗ١اٌّٖطفٚ ٝاٌّقزبه. اٌجبؽش :آٖ. ؽٍٚ ٛأؽّل. ٚأؽّل ِٚؾّٛك ٚ ٗٛٚاٌّٖطفٚ ٝاٌّقزبه وً ؽبعٗ . 133
اٌجبؽش :ؽٍٛ .. ٛت ٌٛ ..فطود ثزفطو اٗ٠؟ اٌٖجؼ .. اٌجبؽش :آٖ. فٛي ٛٚؼّ ٗ١األوٍٗ األٍبٍ١خ ثزبػزٕب. اٌجبؽش١ٛ :ت اٌٍجٌ ثزٍْٛ١ا فٓ١؟ ف ٝاٌلٚالة ٛجؼب ًا (ٙؾىٗ) اٌجبؽش ٝ٘ :اٍئٍٗ ثَ١طٗ .ٍٍٗٙٚ أل هللا ٠قٍ١ىٝ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت آفو ؽبعٗ ثٌ فٕٛ ٝه أذ ؽزئ ٌٝٛأذ ّب٠ف اٌٖٛهٖ اٗ٠؟ ٌّٛ ٗٚجؼب
رفبػ
-
-
ثَى٠ٛذ /ثبرٗ١
-
فٕغبْ
-
أِٔ١
-
ٌّْٛ١
عؤبْ -
-
عبوذ
ِىوٚثبٓ
رؼجبْ /ؽٗ١ -
-
ِٖبٕبد ٍ١غبهٖ
ػ ِ١وب٠يه ٚعجٕٗ ٚالْْٔٛ -آ ٌ٠ووُ٠
وبهرٗٔٛ ؽّبَ رٛاٌ١ذ عبرٖٛ
-
-
اٍٛك
ثوّبَ وبِ١وا
-
-
فواؿ ثالٍز١ه
134
ثزٕغبْ -
ثوط ا٠فً
)4. MWC (Male فالح ثبؽش :أ٠ ٌٍٝٚب ٕالػ أٔذ ِزٕؼٍُٙ( ........ؾىخ) أل فٍ١ه فٍ١ه ثبؽش :أٔذ ِزؼٍُ؟ أل ٍٛؼذ ِٓ فَّٗ ٠ؼٕىٍٕٛذ ٌقَّخ ِىٍّزِ فَّخ ٠ؼِٕ ٝبٍٕٚزِ االثزلائ١خ ٍٛؼذ ِٕٙب ثبؽش :أٔذ ٍبوٓ فٓ١؟ ٕ٘ب فِٖ ٝو األكّ٠خثبؽش :فِٖ ٝو االكّ٠خ. ٛت أٔذ ف ٝاٌٖٕؼخ ك .. ٜثزْزغً ئ ٗ٠ثبٌٚجٜ اٌؾبعبد اٌٍ ٝ٘ ٝثزبػخ األٚأ ..ٝاٍزبٔلادٚارؼٍّزٙب ِٓ أك ئٗ٠؟ ٠ؼٕ ٝئ .. ٗ٠ف ٝاثزلائٝ أذ ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕخ؟ أٔب 28 ٠ؼٕ ٝأذ ؽبثجٙب فالٓ ثأٜ؟
135
كٕٕ ٜؼز...ٝ ١ٛت أذ ِزغٛى؟ آٖ ػٕلن ٚالك ٚال ٌَٗ؟ ِؾّل آٖ ِبّبء هللا ٛت ِؾّل أذ ِزؼٍُ ٚال ٠جإٕٔ ٜب٠ؼٝ ٠زؼٍُ ٛت ؽ١زؼٍُ ً٘ ٠ؼٕ ٝاالرِٕ ٓ١غ ثؼ٘ ..أ ٝٙاؽٍَٕٗ ٠ؼٕٝ
136
اٌؼالَ أؽَٓ اٌؼالَ أؽَٓ ٠ٚزؼٍُ ٕٕؼٌٗٛ ..فوط ؽ١الئّ ٝغً رٕفؼٗ٠..زٍُ ف ٝاٌٖ١ف ثأٜ ٛت أ ٛ٘ ٌٍٝٚفِ ٝلهٍٗ ٚال أل؟ ألٖ ٘ٔٔٚ ٍٕٗ ٌَٗ ٛ ٠بٖ ٕغٕٔٛب فبٌٔ ..هثٕب ٠بهة ٠جبهن فٗ١ ٛت أِٖ ٌٍٝٚو أفجبه٘ب ئِ ٗ٠ؼبن ثؼل اٌضٛهح أذ ّقٖ١ب ؽبٌٍ اْ ِٖو ارؾَٕذ ٚال ػبك٠خػبك ٜػبكٜ ٛت ا ٌٍٝٚاٌىٙوثب ثزاٛغ ػٕلوٚ ٛال أل؟ ف ٝاٌج١ذ؟ ٌَٗ أٛؼخ اِجبهػ. ٌّٚب ثزاٛغ فزوٖ أك اٗ٠ ثزمطغ ٍبػٗ ِضالًا ١ٛت ُِ ٌّب ثزاٛغ ث١جأ ٜهك فؼٍه ا ٗ٠ثزؼًّ اٗ٠ اػًّ اٗ٠؟ ثبٍٛغ ثوٖ. اؽَٓ ؽبعٗ ٛت اٌّ ٗ١اٌّ ٗ١ثزاٛغ ٚال أل؟ ٠ؼٕ ِِ ٝكاّ٠ب ًا
137
ٛت اٌلٔ١ب غبٌٚ ٗ١ال أل؟ ٠ؼٕ ِِ.. ٝأٜٚ ِِ أ.ٜٚ ٌ ٛهؽذ َِزْف ٝأَِ ٚزٕٛف أ ٚكوبروٖ ٠ؼٕ ٝثؼل اٌْو ػٍ١ىٛ ٛجؼب ...ثزوٚؽٛا فٓ١ ِضالًا أث ٛاٌوِ٠ ٚؽبٌٍ ئٔٙب وٚ َٗ٠ٛال ِِ أٜٚ؟ ألوَٗ٠ٛ اٌقلِٗ ٚاٌلوبروٖ ٚاٌزّوٚ ٘٠ال ؽبعٗ وَٗ٠ٛ وٛ .ٌ٠ٛت أ ٌٍٝٚاٌَزبِ ..واره ثزْزغً ٚال أل ٛت كٖ ػْبْ ػبكٖ ٠ؼٕ ٝرمبٌ١ل ٚال ػْبْ اٌزأاٌ١ل أذ إٔالًا ِٓ اٌمب٘وح ٚال اٌٖؼ١ل ٚال أل ِٓ اٌؼوة آٖ وٍىٛا ِٓ اٌؼوة آٖ اَ اٌَزبد فِٖ ٝو ثٖفٗ ػبِٗ ٚافل ٓ٠ؽمأُ٘ ٚال ألٖ؟ ٘ ٛثبٌَٕجٗ ٚافل ٓ٠ؽأُ٘ ١ٛت ئ ٗ٠اوزو فٚبه ثزؾجٗ ..ف ٝاالوً
138
٠ؼٕ ٝاٌٍّٛفٗ١ ٛٚت ئ ٗ٠أوزو فبو ٗٙثزؾجٙب فبو ٗٙاٌّٛى ّ ٌٛٚوثذ ؽبعٗ ٍبأػخ ؽزْوة ئٗ٠؟ ث١جَٝ ٚافجبه اٌَفٓ ئٗ٠ وٌ٠ٛ ثٌ أذ رؾت اٌؾبعبد اٌٛكا أوزو آٖ ثزْوة ٍغب٠و ٚال ألٖ أَ ثْوة ثزْوثىبَ ٍ١غبهٖ ف ٝاٌَٛ١؟ ِّىٓ ػٍ ..ٗ١ػٍجٗ .. ٔٔٚؽَت ٛت أٍبِ ٝإٌج ٝرؼوفٙب؟ ِِ أٜٚ ِِ أٜٚ ٛت ٌ ٛفطود
139
أ ٜؽبعٗ ٌ٠أٔب ِب ثفطوُ أثً اٌؼٖو ثبعِ ٝزأفو ثإٔؾِ ٝزأفو آٖ أذ ثزؼىٌ اٌ َٛ١ثزبػه ّٗ٠ٛ؟ ١ٛت ١ٛت ..آفو ؽبعٗ ٠ب ٕالػ ثوك ٚاٌٖٛه اٌٍ ٝأٔب وٕذ ٚه٠زٙب ٌؼُ أؽّل ٚأذ رأ ٌٍٝٚثزأٚي ػٍٙ١ب ئ ٗ٠ثٌ ولٖ.. ِٖبٕخ -رفبػ -ثزٕغبٌْٕٚ -خ -رؼجبْ -ثورئبْ -رٛهرخ -اٌغؤبْ -ثَىٛدٍ -بٔلاٚرِ -ع١ال -ٝٛفواؿ -اٍٛك -فٕغبْ -ثٍٛفو- ثٍ١يه -ثالٍز١ه -أػلد ؽّبَ -ثوط -عبوذٍٛ -عبهٖ-
)5. MWC (Male سجت أ٠ ٌٝٚب ػُ هعت أذ ثزْزغً ٕ٘ب ئ ٗ٠ثئٝ؟ أب ِبٍه اٌزٛه٠ل ..فو٠ئ االفواْ ِّىٓ رؼٍٍٕٛ ٝره ّٗ٠ٛ؟ فو٠ئ ثزبع االفواْ فو٠ئ االفواْ اٌٍ ٛ٘ ٝأب ثؾوأ اٌْغً... أذ ثئبٌه أك ا ٗ٠ف ٝاٌْغالٔٗ كٜ؟ أب وٕذ ّغبي اٌْووٗ ثزبػخ فيف ٕ 72 ٕٝ١فوعذ ِٕٙب ٍٕخ ٚ 89ثؼل ولٖ ع١ذ ٕ٘ب ثئب ؟ هؽذ أػلد ف ٝاٌْوئٗ١؟ 140
أذ إٔالًا ِٓ اٌْوئ١خ أل ِٓ ِٖو وٕذ ِزغٛى عل٠ل ٚ ..اٌلر ٝارٛفذ هؽذ أػلد ف ٝاٌْوئ١٠ ٗ١غٕ٘ ٍٕٗ ٝبن آٖ ٚثؼل ولٖ ع١ذ أػلد ٕ٘ب فِٖ ٝو ٚثؼل ٓ٠هؽذ اٌفٚ ٗ٠ّٛ َٛ١ثؼلِ ٓ٠ؾّل كٖ ٕل٠م ِٓ ٝػْو١ٍ ..ٍٕٗ ٓ٠جذ ٌمّخ اٌؼِ١ ٔيٌذ ٚوٕذ آآػل ػٍ ٝاأل٘ٛح ألل١ذ ٚاٌلٖ ارٛف ٝهؽذ ػير ُٙف ٝاٌج١ذ ٚع١ذ ربٔ َٛ٠ ٝثوك ٚفلد ثقبٛوٖ أذ ؽَ١ت اٌّؾً ..وبْ ٚافل اٌّىبْ ِؾً ٕ٘ب ثزبع اٌؾبط ِِ ػب٠ين رَ١جٕ ٝرؼبٌ ٝأئف ِؼب٠ب ٛت ّٛف ثئب األهىاء؟ آٖ ٚٚئفذ ثئب ِغ ِؾّل ِٓ ٙ١ِٛ٠ب ٓ١ٍٕ 8كٌٛئزِ ٝغ ِؾّل ٛت وِ ٌ٠ٛب ّبء هللا أئ٠ ٌٝٛب ػُ هعت أذ ِزؼٍُ ٚال أل؟ أل أب فبهط ِٓ ٍٕٗ ٍزٗ. ٍزٗ ٠ؼٕ ٝثزؼوف رئوا ٚرىزت آٖ ثؼوف أئوا ٚاوزت آٖ ١ٛت أذ ػٕلن ٚالك؟ آٖ ػٕل ٜكٔ١ب ِزغٛىٖ ٚؽبًِ أ٘ٗ١ ٛت هثٕب ٠قٍٙ١بٌه ٚػٕل ٜؽَبَ ثوكِ ٚزغٛى ِٚقٍف ٌٚل اٍّٗ اٗ٠ 141
اٍّٗ أؽّل ؽَبَ اثٕٚ ٝاثٕٗ اٍّٗ أؽّل أؽّل عًّ١ ٚوو ُ٠هثٕب ٠قٍ ٗ١ػٕلٖ ٍٕٗ 23ف ٝكثٍٕٕ َٛب٠غ ِٚؾّل ثئب آفو اٌؼٕمٛك ػٕلٖ ٍٕٗ اٌٝٚ آٖ عًّ١ ٛت ؽٍٛ ِٚؾّل ثزٕبك ٗ٠ثزمٛي ٠ب ئٗ٠؟ رٛؽخ ٛ٘ ..رْٛف ٗ١اٌٍ ٍٕٝ ُٙػٍ ٝإٌج ٝاٌٛاك ثزبع ...اٌٍ ٝث١ئٌٛٛا ػٍ ٗ١ف ٝاٌزٍفي ْٛ٠كٖ ثزبع اػالٔبد ثزبع اٌغٕلٜ آٖ ا ٖٛ٠اٌٖغ١و ِؾّٛك اٌغٕلٜ ٍٍّ١بْ اٌغٕلٜ أ ٖٛ٠أ ٖٛ٠افزىورٗ أؽّل فوؽبد ث١غٕ٘ ٍٝ١ب ٛت أٚ ٌٍٝٚالكن ِزؼٍّٚ ٓ١ال أل ؽَبَ ٍبة اٌلهاٍخ ثَجت اٌظوٚف ..وٕذ ػبًِ ػٍّ١خ اٌيا٠لٖ ٚثزبع
142
وؤ ُ٠فٌ إٌظبَ ٛت ٚأٚ ٌٍٝٚالكُ٘ كٌٛئز ٝث١زؼٍّٛا؟ ٌَٗ ػٕلٖ ٍٕزٓ١ ثٌ ّ٘ب ػب٠ي٠ ٓ٠ؼٍُّ٘ٛ ٛجؼب ًا آٖ ٔب٠ ٓ١٠ٚؼٍّ ..ُ٘ٛاٌٍ ٝاؽٕب ِؼٍّٕبّ٘٘ ُٛب ٠ؼٍّٖٛ ثٌ ٛجؼب ًا اٌظوٚف وبٔذ أئ ِٓ ٜٛاٌجٕ ٝآكَ اٌؾّل هلل ػبٌٍ٠ ٝجؼزٗ هثٕب ٛت أ ٌٍٝٚثئِٖ ٝو أفجبه٘ب ئ ٗ٠ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ ؽٍٚ ٖٛال ٚؽْٗ أٔب ؽبوٍّه ثئ ٝوالَ ٌ ٛارىٍّذ ػبٌضٛهٖ ؽٕفؼً ..ؽٕفؼً ِٓ اٌْؼت ٛت ...ػْبْ فٔ ٝبً ثززٚب٠ا ِٓ اٌىالَ كٖ ثبٌَٕجٗ ٠ؼٌٍْٕ ٝؼت ٠ ..ؼٕ ٝلٚبء هللا ٘ ٛاٌٍ ٝؽًٖ.. آْ األٚاْ ئْ كٖ ٠جئب ٕ٘ب ٚكٖ ٠جئب ٕ٘ب هثٕب أثً وً ّٝء اٌٍ ٝث١ئٌٛه ػٍّذ صٛهٖ أ ٍٗ١ٌٚأذ ولاة هثٕب اٌٍ ٝأهاك ..وٓ ل١ىْٛ ٔمٛي ٌٍْؼت اٌّٖو٠ ٜجطً اٌفٍَفٗ ّ ٗ٠ٛثىٍّه ثبألِبٔٗ ثىوٖ اٌَفٗ ِؾّٛك ٍؼل ػبٍِ ٝفٙ١ب اٌْ١ـ اٌْؼوا ٜٚاٌزبٔ ٝأذ ِورجه أػٍٍ ِٓ ٝزّ١ذ أٌف ٚاؽل ى ٜؽبالر ٝاٌٍ ٝثزؼجٗ أٔب أٔذ ِززؼجٕ٠ٚ ُٛفـ ٚاٌىالَ ٍِ ُٛالىِٗ كٖ ئْ كٖ ٠ؼٕ .. ٝرؼبٌِ ٝىبٔٝ رًَّ أه َِىٚ ٓ١غٍجبْ ٕٚؼجبْ ػٍ١ه اٌجٍل ٚأذ ثزٙجو ٘جو اثٓ وٍت ال ِإافنٖ ٠ؼٕٝ
143
أذ ثززىٍّ ٝػٍٚ ٝاؽل ال ِإافنٖ ث١ئٛي هللا أوجو أٔب ثأٚٚي اٌواعً كٖ َِه اٌجٍل ٚأٔب ال ِإافنٖ هثٕب ٙ٠لٚ ٕٝ٠إٍٔ .. ٝهثٝ ٙ٠لٚ ٕٝ٠إٍٔ ٝألْ ك ٜأوجو ٖٔ١جٗ أٔب ثأٚٚي ١َ٠ٚجْ٠ ٖٛزغً ٌٛ ..ف ٝاألهثغ ٍٕ ٓ١ثزٛػٗ فٍؼ ى ٜاٌؼ ً١اٌٍ ٝكافً اٌّلهٍخ ِب فٍؾِ اٌْؼت ٠مٛي وٍّزٗ آٖ... ٛت أ ٌٍٝٚولٖ ٠ب ػُ هعت ..ثؼل اٌْو ػٍ١ى ٛوٍى ٌٛ ٛاؽزغذ روٚػ َِزْفٚ ٝال كوبروٖ ..ولٖ ....ثزالل ٝاٌقلِٗ وٚ َٗ٠ٛال أل. ٚهللا أٔب وٕذ َِ ٜٛاٌّؼبُ ثزبػ ِٓ ٝثؼل اٌضٛهٖ ف ٝاٌْووٗ اٌٍ ٝوٕذ ثْزغً فٙ١ب ٌٙب رإِٔ ٓ١ؾَِ / ٝزْف ٝاٌّئطُ ِب أهثزِ ِٕٗ ٌؾل كٌٛئزٝ أذ ٌ١ه اٌؾأ أذ رجئب ... آٖ أٔب ِٓ ؽئ ٝئْ أٔب أهٚػ ..اٌطجئخ اٌّإِٓ ػٍٙ١ب ػب٠ي رإِٔ ٓ١ؾ ٝػٍّذ رإِٔ ٓ١ؾ ٛ٘ / ٝأذ ٘ ٛأذ ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕٗ ٌِّ ٛىٓ اػوف (ٙؾىٗ) أٔب ػٕلِٛ ... ٜاٌ١ل 61ػٕل ٍٕٗ 52 ٜؽز ٝأٔب وٕذ رؼجبْ أ ٜٚاٌفزوٖ اٌٍ ٝفبرذ اٍأٌِ ٝؾّل هؽذ وْفذ ػٕل كوزٛه ِبئوثزِ ػٕلٖ ٌؾل كٌٛئزٝ أذ ٌ١ه اٌؾأ أذ رجئب ... أٔب هؽذ أٚي ِوٖ ِٓ ؽٛاٌّٙ ٝو.. ٓ٠ ثبٌٚج ٛ٘ ٜؽ١ؼوف ِٕٓ١ ثٌ ٌّب هؽذ ٌلوزٛه ثـ 30عٕ .. ٗ١آٍٍ ٝاٌٚغ .. ٜػٕلٍ ٜىو ٚال أل ....هِٚز١يَ ٚال أل.. إٔل ث١ىوٚد..
144
اٍزقَود ٛ٘ ...كٖ ػ١ت ِٖو.. أك ٜإٌبً ؽئٙب ػْبْ ربفل ؽئه أ ٌٍٝٚأذ ٍزبد ٠ؼِٕ ٝواره رجؼه ثزْزغً أل ػٕل ٜثٕزِ ٝزيٚعٗ ؽز ٝأثً ِب رزغٛى ِبّزغٍزِ ال ٕؼب٠لٖ ثئب ...اؽٕب ْٔزغً ثغٕٔ ٗ١ؼ ِ١ثبٌغٕ..ٗ١ أػلد ف ٝاٌٖؼ١ل أك ئٗ٠ أل ثٍلٔب أٍ .. ٛٛ١اٌغلٚك ٚ ..أٔب ػٓ ٔفَٝ ئ ٗ٠اوزو فٚبه ثزؾجٗ؟ فٚبه ..وٍٗٛ ٚأفجبه اٌَّئؼٗ ئٗ٠؟ آٖ اٌَّئؼٗ عّٛ ٍٗ١جؼب ًا ثأوٍٙب ثٌ اٌ ٓ١ِٛ١كٚي ػْبْ اٌم ٌْٛٛاٌلوزٛه ِبٔؼٙب ّ ٗ٠ٛئّٔب اٌى ٍٗٛثبوٍٙب ٚاٌَجبٔـ ٔٚ ...ؼّخ هثٕب وٍٙب. أو١ل وٍٙب ؽٍ..ٖٛ ٛت ئ ٗ٠أوزو فبو ٗٙثزؾجٙب ئٗ٠؟ األٔبٔبً ٚاٌقٛؿ ... ٛت أ ٌٍٝٚثزْوة ٍغب٠و ..ثزْوة وبَ ٚاؽلٖ ..اٌٍ ٝث١فِٕٙ ٘١ب ث١جئب ثب٠ذ
أل أٔب ثغ١ت ػٍجٗ ..آفو 145
٠ؼِٕ ٝف ِ١فب٠لٖ ١ٛت آفو ؽبعٗ ؽٛه٠ه ٕٛه ٚأذ رئ ٌٝٛاٌٖٛه ك ٜئٗ٠ ٍغبهٖ رؼجبْ أػلد ؽّبَ فواؿ ثالٍزه فيف فٕغبي ّبٜ عبوزخ ثلٌخ اٚرٛث١ِ ٟىوٚثبىاد ِ ٕٝ١ثبٓ وج١و وبِ١وا اٍٛك ِظ Good morningعؤبْ ثورئبْ رٛهرخ
146
رفبػ ٍٕلٚء وبهر ِٕٗ ْٛؽجو ٚ ِٕٗ ٚهء ع١الرٝ ّو ٜ٠ثوّبَ ثَى٠ٛزبد ّبٔل٠ٚزِ ثزٕغبْ ثوط
147
)6. MWC (Male ثبدث :اعَل أٝ ٍؼ١ل ثبدث :اّذ ثزؾزغو إْ ٔٝب ثزيُ٘ أٝ اٌىْج٘ٛبد ثزبػذ اٌيهع االثبٌ١ه اٌٍ ٟثززؾ ٜػٌٍّ ٟإفنٖ اٌٍ ٟى ٞكٗ٠ ثبدث :ثزيّٖ٘ب ثأ ٔٝثقٜ ثٍٙٔٛب ثأٌٛاْ اٌٍ ٟثٍَزه ٚثزبفل رٍذ ِواؽً ٠ؼٕٟ ثبدث :طت اّز ٜارعيَذ اىقْعخ د ٛاٍزٜ ال ِٓ ىِبْ ثبدث :طت ق٘ى ٜاّذ ٍزعَو ٗال أل الء ثبدث :خبىـ ٝعْٗ ٜال طيعذ ٍِ اثزذائٜ الء ٘وثٕب ثبدث :طت ٍعيؼ ٗالدك ارعيَ٘ا ٗال الء اٖ ِزؼٍّٓ١ ثبدث :خيق٘ا رعي ٌٞثبّ٘ٗ ٛال الء
148
فٚ ٍٕٞٛ ٗ١ف ٗ١كثٍٚ ْٛف ٗ١اٌٍ ٟفل ولٖ ػٍ ٟاالك ثبدث :طت ٍٗبى٘ ٗاّذ دبعظ اُ ٍغز٘ ٛاىزعي ٌٞم٘ٝظ ف ٟاالٚي ٠ؼٕ ٟوبْ وٌ٠ٛ ثبدث :دى٘قز ٜدبعظ اُ اىذّٞب م٘ٝغخ ٗال ثبٌَٕجخ ثئ ٟاؽفبك ٞاٚالك ٚالكّ٘ ٞب كٚي اٌٍ ٟاؽٕب ثٕؾبٚي أؾٕب ا٠خ ٔؾبٚي ِؼبُ٘ ثىً عٙل ثبدث :طجعب ٠ؼِٕ ٟغ اثِ ُ٘ٛغ اِ ُٙولٖ ِغ ول٘ ٖٛا ٚثٕؾبٚي أؾٕب ٠ؼٕ ٟاٌؼ٠ ً١طٍغ ؽ١جئ ٟثوكن ٠ؼِٕٕ ٟجٗ ثبدث :طجعب امٞذ طت اٗىٍ ٜغزٍ٘ ٛقش ثعذ اىث٘سح عبٍيخ ٍعبك ا ٔٝدي٘ح ٗال ألء الء ثبدث ٍ :ؼ دي٘ح طت اٝخ اٗدؼ دبجخ ٘ٗ ثبدث :اٝخ اٗدؼ دبجخ االٚػبك ٚاٌٍ ٟاؽٕب ّب٠ف ٕٗ١كٖ وٍٗ ثبدث :اىغٞبدخ ٍب ثئزؼ م٘ٝغخ عْذم٘ ارئثش اىذسة ْٕب ثبىث٘سح اٖ او١ل ِجئبُ فٔ ٟبً وز١و ٠ؼٕ ٟاٌٛاؽل ٠غْ٠ ٟزغٍٗ ٓ١ِٛ٠رالرٗ ٚث١ؼل ثئ١ذ األٍجٛع أب ولٖ ػٍ ٟهللا ثْزغً ثبٌ َٛ١ثوٙه كٞ ٠ؼٕ ٟاثً اٌضٛهح اٌلٔ١ب وبْ ِْ١خ ف٠ ٟؼٕ ٟف٠ّٛ ٟخ اِبْ ٘ ٛوبْ ٔئٖٙب أٌ ٚىبْ ولٖ ٘ ٛأّب وبْ ف٠ّٛ ٟزّبْ أّب اٌٍ ٟثْٕٛفٗ كٌٛئز ٟكٖ ؽبعٗ ٚثؼل ٓ٠اٌغالء اوزو ثبدث :اىذّٞب غبىٞخ 149
اٌغالء اوزو ؽز ٌٛ ٟاٌٛاؽل ؽز ٟث١قلٌٛا فٍَّ ٓ١ز ٓ١عٕ ٗ١ثوٙه ِف ِ١ؽبعخ ِؼٍّ ُٛأ ٞؽبعخ اك ٞثبٌَٕجخ ٠ؼٕ ٟثٕبفلٌٕب ػْو٠ذ رٍز ٓ١عٕ ٗ١كٚي ٠ؼٍّٛا اِ ٗ٠ف ِ١أ ٞؽبعخ ثبدث :اٗى ٜاّذ عبمِ ف ٜاألٗه أب ٍبوٓ ثؼل ........اه٠ت ِٓ ٕ٘ب ثؼل اٌْبهع ثبدث :فٍ ٜقش االدَٝخ اٖ ثبدث :طت اّذ عبمِ ْٕب ثئبىل مزٞش اٖ ثبدث :طت م٘ٝظ اىنٖشثب ثزئطع عْذم٘ا ٗال أل اٖ ػٍطٛي ثبدث :رئطع اد أٝ ثزقلٌٙب ..ثٕ١ظّٛا إٌّطئٗ ٠ؼٕ ٟث١غيئ٘ٛب كٍ ٞبػخ ٕٛ٠ه اٌؾزل٠ٚ ٞئِٛٛا ٔبئٍ ٓ١ػٍ ٟؽزخ ربٔ١خ ٠ٚبه٠ذ ٠ئطؼ٘ٛب ثبٌٕٙبه َ٠ٚج٘ٛب ثبٌٍ ً١اٌٛاؽل ٌ ٛػٕل٠ّٛ ٞخ ٍِٛف١خ ػب٠ي ٠ؾبفع ػٌٍٚ ُٙ١ؾبعخ ( ٙؾىٗ ) ثبدث :طت ى٘ اّذ ثعذ اىؾش عيٞل ٗعي ٜعيزل ٗدجٞذ رشٗح ٍغز٘فف رشٗح فِٞ ٔوٚػ اٌَّزْف١بد إٌٍ٘ ٟب اه٠جخ ثبدث :ص ٛاالفش اىعٍ ْٜٞثال أل فَِ ٗ١زٕٛفبد اه٠جخ ٕ٘ب عبِغ ػّو ٚف ٟاٌي٘واء ثبدث :اٗى ٜاىخذٍخ ْٕبك م٘ٝغخ ٗال ٍؼ اٗٛ 150
اٌقلِخ ٠ؼٕ ٟاال٠بَ كِّ ٞىٓ رى ْٛارؾَٕذ ّ٠ٛخ ٌىٓ رقلّ ٞو ٜ٠ثوّبَ ِٓ ػٕلُ٘ ثبدث ٍ :ؾنيخ ؟ وً كٖ فالٓ أز٠ ٟٙقل ُ٘ٚإٌبً اٌٍِ ٟؼبُ٘ اٌفٍ ًٛاٌىز١و أّب اٌغٍجبْ ػٍجخ ثوّبَ ثزالرخ اهثؼخ عٕٗ١ ثبدث :اىغزبد ف ٜعيزل ٝعٍْ ٜشارل ٗٗالدك اىغزبد ثٞؾزغي٘ا ٗال ٍجٞؾزغي٘ػ ال أب اٌٖج١بْ ثٌ اٌٍّ ٟغبٌ ٓ١أب ِغٛى اهثغ ثٕبد اعٛىُ٘ ولٖ اٖ اػلٓ٠ ثبدث :اّذ ؽبٝف اىغزبد فٍ ٜقش ٗاخذٕب دقٖب ٗال أل ٘ٗ ثبدث :اّذ ؽبٝف اىغزبد فٍ ٜقش ٗاخذٕب دقٖب ٗال أل ٙؾىٗ ! ٠ؼٕ ٟثوٙه وٓ١َ٠ٛ ثبدث :امزش خضبس ثزذجٔ أٝ ّ٘ب اٌّؼٍئز ٓ١اٌوى ٌٛٚعّج ُٙ١ؽزذ فوٚعٗ ثبٌَٕجخ ٌٍطج١ـ اٌْ٠ٛذ ثّٗ١ ثبدث ٗ :اىفبمٖٔ اٌجورئبْ ثبدث :ى٘ ؽشثذ دبجخ عبئعخ رؾشة أٝ الء اٌَبئؼخ ك٠خ الء ثبدث ٍ :ب ىنؼ فٖٞب الء ٠ؼٕ ٟاٌٍ ٟلو٠ت ثبٌَٕجٍٕب ٔزٍئ ػً ؽٕف١خ اٌؾٕف١خ ثزبع اٌّ ٌٛ ٗ١هثٕب فوعٙب ٔغ١ت ٚاؽلح اَ رالرخ ٚهثغ ٚفالٓ
151
ثبدث :اىيٕٞ ٜب ا ٔٝثئ ٜاّٖ ٜىُ٘ ٍفٓ األث٘١ ثبدث :ثزؾشة عجبٝش أب اٌٖواؽخ ِغوك كفبْ ػْوح ثئٍٕب اوزو ِٓ ٍزٍٕ ٓ١خ كفٍ ٓ١ػَجؼٓ١ ثبدث :سثْب ٝذٝل اىقذخ ثغٌ هللا ٍب ؽبء هللا طت اٗى ٜاعبٍ ٜاىْج( ٜؿ) ٠ؼِٕ ٟؾّل ٚاؽّل ثبدث :امزش اعٌ ثزذجٔ ى ٔٞأٝ ٍ١لٔب ِؾّل ثبدث ٕ٘ :سٝل ف٘س ٗاى ٜثزئ٘ه عيٖٞب أٝ ٌٕ ٗٚـ رؼجبْ ٚؽ١خ ـ ثورمبْ ـ اٌجزٕغبْ أث ٛفً ـ وور ْٛـ ِٖبٕخ ـ ر١فبػ ـ ثَىٛد ـ ع١الر ٟـ فٕغبْ ـ اٍّو ـ فوٚعٗ ـ رٛهرٗ ـ وجَٛالد ـ ّٕلٚرْبد ـ عبر ٖٛأ ٚرٛهرٗ ـ عباوذ ـ ِ١ىوٚثبىاد ـ ٍغبهح ـ ثٍَزه ـ اٌغوائل ـ ثوط ـ االػلح األفؤغٟ
152
7.4 Appendix D: Transcripts of Middle Working Class Women )1. MWC (Female ً :أٔب ٛبٌجٗ ثلهً ف اٌغبِؼٗ طٔ :فؼٕ١ب ثئ ٝكاِب ٛبٌجٗ ًٛ :بٌجٗ ثلهً ط٠ :ؼٕ٘ ِِ ٟزوإ١ٙب ًٛ :بة أٚػلٛ ٞب٠ت ط :ؽّو ٞاٌجزٕغبْ ٚؽّو ٞاٌجطبٌٛ ً :أ ٖٛ٠رؼبٌ ٟئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛؽّو ٗ٠ئىاٞ؟ ط :ؽّو ٞاٌجطبرٌ ثبٌي٠ذ ئٚػ ٟرٖٛهٞ ً :ال ٚهللا ط :ؽّو ٞاٌجزبرٌ ٚثؼل ولٖ رؾّو ٞاٌج١زٕ١غبْ ٚثؼل ولٖ رؾّو ٞاٌفٍفً رى ٟٔٛئٔز ٟ١ػبٍِٗ اٌزقل٠ؼٗ اٌزقل١٠ؼٗ اٌٍ ٟ٘ ٟثزبػذ األ ٗٛٚاٌجًٖ رئ ِٟٛؽب ٗٛاألٌ ٗٛٚغب٠خ ِب رَ١ججه ٚاإلٔز ٟ١ئبٌ١ز ٗ١١وٍٗ رئ ِٟٛؽبٛبٖ فٙ١ب ٚرئٍجٙ١ب أك ٞاٌَّئؼٗ ً :ئٔزّ ٟبٛوٖ ثب ٓ٠ػٍ١ىٟ ط :اٌؾّل هلل ًٛ :بة ٚاٌٍَطٗ؟ ط :اٌٍَطٗ؟ ثزئٌٛه اٌٍَطٗ؟ ًِ :ىٔٛبرٙب ئ٠ ٗ٠ؼٕٟ؟ 153
ط :أ ٗٛٚف١به فٔ ٟبً ثزط ٟثٕغو ٚعيه ؽبعبد ِٓ ك٠خ ٚفٔ ٚرئ ِٟٛػبٕوٖ الِٔ ٚ ْٚٛلػخ ِ ٚ ٗ١ؽجخ ٍِؼ ٚؽجخ فً ٚرئِ ِٟٛئبٌجبُ٘ ٍٛا ٚفالٓ فٍٖذ ًٛ :ت ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛغٕز ٟإال رؼٍّ١ه ٌؾل فٓ١؟ طِ :ؼب٠ب كثٍَٛ ًٛ :بة ٚكفٍه ئىاٞ؟ ط :أػل ٓ٠ثٕٛ١هىء ثٕج١غ ّ٠ٛخ ؽبعبد ٚفالٓ ٔؼًّ ئٗ٠ ً ٚ :ػٕلن ػ١بي؟ ط :ػٕل ٞرالرٗ ِؾّل ٚوبٍِ١ب ٚثٍٟٛ ً :ث٠ !ٍٟٛبٖ كٖ ئٍّٙب ؽٍ ٛثٍٟٛ ط :أؽٍ َ ٝاٌٛاك كٖ ثٍٖٙب ٠ب ِؾّل ً :ئٔز ٟثزٙيه ٞكٖ ِؾّل؟ كٖ ٌٚل؟ ط :أٖ ًِ ٚ :طٛالٌٗ ّؼوٖ ولٖ ٌٗ١؟ ط٘ :ؼٍّ ٌٗٛٙىِٕٙ ٞل اٌٍ ٟف اٌزٍفيْٛ٠ ًٛ :بة اٌجٕبد أؽٍٚ ٝال اٌٛالك؟ ط :اإلرٕ ٓ١اٌؾّل هلل ٔؼّٗ ِٓ ػٕل هثٕب اٌٖج١بْ أ ٚاٌجٕبد ًٛ :بة ئ ٗ٠اٌفوء ٠ؼٕٟ؟ ٠ؼٕ ٟاِب ٠ىجوٚا ولٖ ٘١جئ ٝئ ٗ٠اٌفوء؟ ط :اِب ٠ىجوٚا ٘١جئ ٝئ ٗ٠اٌفوء وفب ٗ٠ئْ اؽٕب هثٕ١بُ٘ ّ ٚئٕ١ب ػٍُٙ١ 154
ً٠ :ؼٕ ٟئ ٗ٠اٌفوء ث ٓ١اٌجٕذ ٚاٌٌٛل ولٖ ٠ؼٕٟ؟ ط :ال ِبف ِ١فوء ٘ ٛوٍٚ ُٙاؽلِ ،ب ف ِ١فوء ِ ٚؼيٖ ٚاؽلٖ ٚغالٚ ٖٚاؽلٖ ٚرؼٍٚ ُ١اؽل ثاىْ هللا ً١ٛ :ت ئّ ٌٟ ٌٟٛب٠فٗ غ ٗ١ف اٌٖٛه؟ ط١ّ :جبن ٚثٕطبٌْٛ ٍه أل كٖ ٚاؽل ٚال وزبه؟ ط :ال وز١و ً :ئٍّ ُٙئ ٗ٠ثئٝ؟ ط :ثٕبٚ ً١١ٛكٖ ٍبٔلاٚرِّ٘ ،جٛهعو كٛ ،ٞؼّ ٗ١كٍٕ ،ٟ٠لٚء ٚػٍت ٚفواؿِ ،يهػخ فواؿ ٚفٕغبي ئ ٚ ٖٛٙعؤبي ،ثورئبْ كِٖٛ ،ئف ػوث١بد ًِٛ :ئف ػوث١بد ٚال ك ٞغٗ١؟ ط١ِ :ىوٚثياد ً :اٌٍ ْٛكٖ ئٗ٠؟ ط :ئٍٛكٌّ ،جٗ صٛػجبْ ّبو١ذ ٍ١غبهٖ ئّ ٔ١اهأت ثزٕ١١غبْ ِِ اٌجزٕ١١غبْ كٖ اٌٍ ٟثزئٍ ٗ١ف اٌَّئؼٗ ئربٔ ٟكا كٖ ثز١١ؼٍّ ٗ١اٌٍٟ ِ٘ ٛقًٍ ،ثزٕ١١غبْ ِقًٍ ،ثٛهط ،لبِ١واِٖ ،بٕٗ ٚرٛفبػ ،اٌلثٍ ٍٟ ٛربٚاٌ١ذ ًٛ :بة ئ...ٌٟ ٌٟٛ طِ :ؾْٟ؟ ً :ئ ٌٟٛاٌّؾْٟ؟
155
ط :ثزقو ٟٛاٌجٍٖٗ ٚثزئٍٙ١ب ثٌ ِِ ثزقٍٙ١ب رؾّو ٚرئ ِٟٛؽب ٗٛاأل ٚ ٗٛٚرئ ِٟٛؽب ٗٛعّ١غ ئرٛاثً ف..ػب٠يٖ رؾطٟ١ ٔؼٕبع وّبْ ثزؾط ٚ ٟ١رئٍ ِٟٛب٠جب٘ب ٌغب٠خ ِب رزَجه ،ئجً ِب رزَجه رئِ ِٟٛئطؼٗ ئّجذ ٚاٌجئل ٚ ٌٔٚرئِ ِٟٛئٍ١جبُ٘ ٌغب٠خ ِب رزَجه رئ ِٟٛؽب ٗٛئهى ٚر١ؾْ ٟاٌجزٕ١غبْ ً١ٛ :ت ّىوا ط :اٌؼف٠ ٛب ِلاَ
)2.MWC (Female ئّ٠بْ كثٍٕٕ َٛب٠غ ..لَُ رغًّ١ اّزغٍز ٝف ٝاٌزغٍّ ِٓ ً١بػخ ِب فٍٖزٝ؟ ئ ثئبٌه أك ئ ٗ٠؟ ٍٕٗ 15 اٌىٙوثب ٠زئطغ ػٕلوٚ ٛال أل؟ أو١ل ٛجؼب ًا وز١و ٍبوٕٗ فٓ١؟ اٌّوط أك ئٗ٠؟ 156
ٍ 3بػبد ثزئطغ اٌٖجؼ ٚثبٌٍ.ً١ رؼٍّٛا ئٗ٠؟ ِبف ِ١ؽً اٌّٗ١؟ اٌِّ ٗ١غ اٌىٙوثب ػْبْ اٌّٛرٛه. ِٖو ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ أفجبه٘ب ئٗ٠؟ ىفذ ٌٗ١؟ وً ؽبعٗ ثأد ف ٝاٌغبٌ .. ٝاٌيؽّخ ىاكد علا فبٌٔ ِبثئبُ فٔ ٝظبَ فبٌٔ ٚال ؽى ِٗٛاٌجٍل ف ٝإٌبىي ِِ ف ٝاٌطبٌغ فبٌٔ. ٛت ٚأفجبه اٌزؼٍُ١؟ ؽبٍٗ اٌزؼٍ ُ١فِٖ ٝو ػبًِ ئىاٜ اٌزؼٍّٝ ُ١ء اٍبٍٍ ٝب٠ج ٕٗ١فبٌٔ ِِ ِٙزّ ٓ١ث ٗ١فبٌٔ فجزطٍغ اٌَّز٠ٛبد ى ٜاٌيفذ ٠ؼِّٕ ٝىٓ رالئِ ُٙ١قٍّٖٙ ٓ١بكاد ٌىٓ ال ث١ؼوفٛا ٠ئوٚا ٚال ٠ىزجٛا. ِؼّٙ ُٙبكاد ثٌ. اٌَّزْف١بد أفجبه٘ب ئٗ٠؟ فبٌٔ! ِِ ػب٠يٖ أأٌٚه ِّىٓ رزوِ ٝػٍ ٝاٌوٕ١ف آٖ ٚهللا اٌؼظٚ ُ١أئؼل ٜثئب فل ٜكٚهن ٛبثٛه ِِٚػوفٗ ئٗ٠؟ ِّٓٚثئٌٛه ِِ إٌٙبهكٖ رؼبٌ ٝثىوٖ ٘ٚىنا ثأااِ .ؼى ِ١رَزٕ ٝثئٌٛه هٚؽ ٝثبٌفٍٛٚ .ًٛجؼب ًا ئٌِ ٝؼّٛ٠ ُٛٙد ٛ٘ ..ولٖ! 157
أوزو ؽبعٗ غٍ١ذ؟ األوً أوزو فٚبه اٌفبٕ١ٌٛب اٌقٚواء ٚاٌفبوٙخ اٌّبٔغٗ ٛجؼب ًا االرٕ ِِ ٓ١ؽْٕٛف ُٙإٌَٗ كٜ ٛت ٌ١ى ٝف ٝاٌطجـ؟ آٖ ٛجؼب ًا أوزو ؽبعٗ ثزطجقٙ١ب؟ اٌفبٕ١ٌٛب ثبٌٍؾّٗ ٚاٌَّئؼٗ ثزؼٍّٙ١ب ئىاٜ؟ ٛجؼب ًا ِّىٓ ثبٍجىٙب ِّٚىٓ أػٍّٙب ف ٝاٌفوْ ثٍؾّٗ ِفو.ِٗٚ ١ٛت اٌَزبد ٚافلٖ ؽأ٘ب ؟ أل ٛجؼب ًا ٚثبٌناد ف ٝاٌمبٔٚ ْٛاٌؾ١بٖ اٌيٚعٚ .ٗ١اؽلٖ ىٍِ١ز ٝكا٠قخ ثئٍٙب اهثغ ٍَِٕ ٓ١زٕ ٗ١اٌطالء
ٍ١غبهح -اٍٛك -اٌفواؿ -رٛهرخٌّ -جٗ -عبوذ -رفبػَِ -ىٓ -وبِ١واِٖ -بٕخ -ثَىٛد -ثورئبْ -وبِ١وا -رؼجبْ -فٕغبٍْٕ-لٚء وبهرٍ -ْٛبٔلٚرِ -ثوط ا٠فً -ثالٍزه -ا ٌ٠وو – ُ٠ثزٕغبْ -رٍ٠ٛذ -ثٕب -ً١ٛاهأت -ثٕبّ -ً١ٛجبن 158
)3. MWC (Female االٍُ اٗ٠ اَ ى٠بك اٌجبؽش :أذ ٌ١ىٚ ٝالك؟ آٖ ِؼب٠ب اٌجبؽش :ف ٝاٌزؼٍٚ ُ١ال ٌَٗ؟ أل .ٌَٗ , اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ثقجوره أذ اٌزؼٍ ُ١فِٖ ٝو ..ؽٍٚ ٛال ٚؽِ؟ ٠ؼٕ ِِ ٛ٘ ٝى ٜاألٚي ٠ؼٕ.ٝ اٌجبؽش :ا ٗ٠اٌٍٚ ٝؽِ فٗ١؟ ِبثٙ١زّ ُٛثبٌزؼٍ ُ١ف ٝاٌّلاهً اٌؾى ..ِٗٛثٙ١زّٛا فٙ١ب ف ٝاٌقبٕٗ ثٌ. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ثؼل اٌْو ٌ ٛؽل رؼت ثزوٚؽٛا فٓ١؟ ثٕوٚػ َِزْف١بد فبٕٗ ٛجؼب ًا. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ٚا ٗ٠اٌٛؽِ ف ٝاٌؾىِٗٛ؟ الؽظز ٝاٗ٠؟ ِبف ِ١ا٘زّبَ ثبٌْؼت اٌؼبك .. ٜإٌبً اٌؼبك٠خ ِبثٙ١زّ ُٛثٙ١ب ..ثٙ١زّٛا ٌ ٛف ٝؽل ٚاٍطٗ أ ٚؽبعٗ ثٙ١زّٛا ث.ٗ١
159
اٌجبؽش :اٌىٙوثب ثزئطغ ػٕىٚ ٛال أل؟ آٖ ٛجؼبًا ثبٌَبػٗ ٚاٌَبػز.ٓ١ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ثزؼٍّٛا اٌّ ٗ٠ب رئطغ؟ ثٕئؼل ثوٖ ف ٝاٌْبهع ..ؽؼًّ ا ٗ٠ثٌٕٛغ ّّغ ..أ ٜؽبعٗ ٕ٘ؼًّ ا١ٛ ٗ٠ت!! اٌجبؽشِٖ :و ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ اؽَٓ ٚال اٚؽِ؟ اٚؽِ اٌجبؽشٔ ِٓ :بؽ١خ اٗ٠؟ ِٓ وً ؽبعٗ ..اٌغال ٚوً ؽبعٗ ِبثئزِ ى ٜاألٚي ِ ..بف ِ١أِبْ. اٌجبؽش ٌٛ :اٌلٔ١ب غٍ١ذ ا ٗ٠اوزو ؽبعٗ ؽبٍٗ أٙب غٍ١ذ؟ وً ؽبعٗ ِ ..بف ِ١ؽبعٗ ِغٍ١زِ ..وً ؽبعٗ غٍ١ذ. اٌجبؽش :ثزفطوٚا اٗ٠؟ ثٕفطو فٛي ٛٚؼّ ٗ١ى ٜاٌْؼت اٌّٖو ٜوٍٗ. اٌجبؽش ٌٛ :ػٕلن ٚئذ فب , ٝٙثزؼٍّ ٝاٗ٠؟ ثززٍَ ٝاىاٜ؟ ثٕئؼل أكاَ اٌزٍ١في.ْٛ٠ اٌجبؽش :ثززفوع ٝػٍ ٝا ٗ٠ف ٝاٌزٍ١فيْٛ٠؟ ػٍ ٝافالَ ٍََِ /الدٚ ..اٌٍََّالد اٌزووٛ ٝجؼب ًا. اٌجبؽش :ا ٗ٠اٌٍ ٝث١ؼغجه فٙ١ب؟
160
ث١غلكٚا فٙ١ب ..ئّٔب اًٌٍََّ اٌّٖو , ٜئٌٍ ٝث١ؼٍّٛا أثً ولٖ ِ ..بث١غلكٔ ..ُٚفٌ اٌّٛا١ٙغ. اٌجبؽش :ثزطجق ٝاٌَّئٗ ٚال اٗ٠؟ أب ثؾجٙب ثٌ عٛىِ ٜبث١ؾجٙبُ أّب ثطجقٙب. اٌجبؽش ٌ٠ :ثزؼوف ٝرطجقٙ١ب اىا.ٜ ثلٔغبْ ٚثطبٚ ٌٛفٍفً ٚثٕؼٍّٙب فٍطٗ /رَج١ىٗ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ٚاٌقٚبه ..أذ اوزو ؽبعٗ ثزؾجٙ١ب اٗ٠؟ ثؾت اٌقٚبه وٍٗ ..وً اٌقٚبه ؽٍ.ٛ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ٌ ٛاٌفبو.ٗٙ إٌّغب ثوٚ ٗٙاٌجط١ـ. اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ؽٛه٠ى ٝاٌٖٛه ٚأ ٍٝ١ٌٚثزئ ٌٝٛػٍٙ١ب اٗ٠؟
اٌجبؽش :اٍبِ ٝإٌج ٝاٗ٠؟ فِ ٝؾّل (ٓ) فِٖ ٝطف ٝف ٝأؽّل اٌجبؽش :أذ اٌلثٍ َٛاٌٍِ ٝؼبوٛٔ ٝػٗ اٗ٠؟ كثٍٕٕ َٛب٠غ. اٌجبؽشِْٚ :زْغٍز ِ١ث ٗ١فبٌٔٛ ..ت ٌ ٛعبرٍه فوٕٗ رْزغٍ ٝث , ٗ١رْزغٍٝ؟ اّزغً ٌٛ ..ف ٗ١فوٕٗ
161
اٌجبؽش :ػٕلن ٚئذ رئو ٜوزت أ ٚعوا٠ل؟ آٖ ػٕل.ٜ اٌجبؽشٛ :ت ٌ ٛأه٠زٝ؟ رئو ٜاٗ٠؟ ثبؽت اٌئوا ..ٗ٠لٖٔ ؽبعبد ..ئٌٍ" ٝ٘ ٝاٌمٖٔ اٌمٖ١وٖ" اٌجبؽش :ف ٝوبرت ِؼٓ١؟ ألِ ِِ ..زبثؼٗ ..األٚي وٕذ ثئوٖ ثٌ كٌٛئزِ ٝبف.ِ١ اٌٖٛه: -ثوط ا٠فً
ice cream -
ٍٕلاٚرِ ثَىٛد
ٍ١غبهٖ أهأت
-ثالٍز١ه
ثورئبْ -
ٕٕلٚء وورْٛ
-
عبو١ذ
-
فبو ٗٙرفبػ
رؼجبْ
-
ثوّبَ -
-ثٕطٍٔٛبد
-
ثلٔغبْ اٍٛك -
ٌّجٗ
-
وبِ١وا -
-
ِٖ -بٕٗ
رٛهرٗ فواؿ
ِ١ىوٚثبٓ
162
فٕغبْ
-
عؤبْ ؽّبَ
)4. MWC (Female أَ كػبء – اٌؼجبٍ١خ – كثٍ َٛرغبهٖ اٌزؼٍ ُ١أفجبهٖ ئٗ٠؟ كٌٛلز ِِ .. ٝوٌ٠ٛ ٛت ٌّب أذ وٕز ٝثزلهٍٝ؟ ِِ أ ٜٚث.ٛٚ ٌٗ١؟ ٚهللا ِِ ػبهفٗ ػبِخ ٠ؼٕ ٝف ٝاٌقبٕٗ ثزجئب و َٗ٠ٛأِ ٜلهٍٗ ربِٔ ٗ١ظِٕ ٠ؼٕ ٝؽل ث١لهً فٙ١ب ث١ّٚو. ١ٛت أ ٌٛ ٍٝ١ٌٚرؼجزٛا روؽٛا فٓ١؟ أل أب ثبهٚػ َِزْف ٝفبٕٗ ألْ اٌؾى ٗ١ِٛكٌٛئزِ ٝبثمزِ ى ٜىِبْ ثزوٚؽ ٝؽبعٗ ِؼٕٗ١؟ أل ثٌ أَِ ٜزْف ٝفبٕٗ أهػف أٔٙب فبٕٗ ثبهٚؽٍٙب اٌقلِٗ؟ أل وَٗ٠ٛ ١ٛت ٚاٌؾىٗ١ِٛ؟ ف ٝثؼ٘ األٚئبد ٠ؼٕ ٝرالئٙ١ب وٚ َٗ٠ٛاٚئبد ٔالئٙ١ب ِِ و.َٗ٠ٛ ِٖٚو ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ أؽَٓ ٚال أل؟
163
أٚؽِ – ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌٕ١ب اؽٕب ِِ فبهئٗ – ػبك ٜثٌ وً ؽبعٗ غٍ١ذ ِبف ِ١أِبْ .األِبْ وبْ األٚي كٌٛئزِ ٝبف ِ١أِبْ أ٠بَ ؽَِٕ ٝجبهن وبْ ف ٝأِبْ األِبْ وبْ األٚي .كٌٛئز ٝأل اٌلٔ١ب ؽبٍٗ أٙب غٍ١ب؟ آٖ ٛجؼب ًا أ ٗ٠اوزو ؽبعٗ؟ ٚهللا وً ؽبعٗ ٠ .ؼٕٛ ٌٛ ٝفً إٌٙبهكٖ رؼت روٚؽ ٝرغ١ج ٝأك ٗ٠ٚرجئب ػٍ١ب األك ٗ٠ٚوٍٙب أ ٜؽبعٗ وً ؽبعٗ غبٌ ٗ١اٌٖواؽٗ أفجبه اٌطجـ ا ٗ٠؟ ٚاٌَّئؼٗ؟ ِبثؾجٙبُ اوزو فٚبه ثزؾجٗ١؟ اٌجطبٌٛ اٌفبوٗٙ؟ اٌّبٔغٗ اٌَزبد فِٖ ٝو ٚافل ٓ٠ؽئُٙ؟ ثبٌَٕجٗ إل٠ ٗ٠ؼٕٝ؟ اٌْغً – اٌزؼٍ – ُ١اٌٛظبئف أب ِزؼٍّٗ ثٌ ِِ ثبّزغً ث.. ٗ١
164
عٛى ِِ ٜث١قٍ ٕٝ١اّزغً . فٍ ٝزبد ثزْزغً .أٔب ٍذ ث١ذ ِجْزغٍِ فبٌٔ. ٌ ٛػٍ١ى ٝرْزغٍٝ؟ ٌ ٛػٍ١ب! ٌ ٛفطور ٝرفطو ٜئٗ٠؟ فٛي ٛٚؼّ..ٗ١ آفو ؽبعٗ ...اٍبِ ٝإٌج ٝئٗ٠؟ ِؾّل ِٖٚطفٚ ٝأؽّل
ػٍ ٗ١اٌٖالح ٚاٌَالَ
-
ٕٛه ..ل ٍٝ١ٌٛثزئ ٌٝٛػٍٙ١ب ئٗ٠؟ -
ice cream ٌّجٗ وٙوثب وبِوا
-
-ثالٍز١ه
ٍٕ -لٚرِ
فٕغبي
-
ِٖ -بٕٗ
-ثَىٛد
-
-
عؤبْ
-
رفبػ
-
اٍٛك فواؿ
-
عبو١ذ
ثورمبْ
ٕٕلٚء وورْٛ ٍٛعبهٖ
اٍجوٓ٠
ثوط
ثزٕغبْ
رؼجبْ
-
ثوّبَ رٛهرٗ
ِ١ىوٚثبىاد
)5. MWC (Female
165
ٍّبػ كثٍٕٕ َٛب٠غ لَُ ىفوفٗ اّزغٍز ٝثٗ١؟ اػلد ِ ٓ١ٍٕ 5لهٍخ هٍُ فٓ١؟ ِلهٍٗ فبٕٗ ف١ِ ٝلاْ اٌؾغبى ٍجزٗ١ٌ ٝ؟ ػْبْ ارغٛىد ٌِ ٗ١بهعؼزِ١؟ غ١وٚا إٌظبَ.. ٍبوٕٗ فٓ١؟ األٌف َِىٓ أذ ّب٠فٗ ِٖو أفجبه٘ب ئٗ٠؟ أفجبه ِٖو ِِ و َٗ٠ٛفبٌٔ ثبٌٙٛغ ئٌٍ ٝئؽٕب ف ٗ١كٖ ِ ..بٕ٠فؼِ فبٌٔ. ٍٖٔؾٗ ئىاٜ؟ هثٕب ٙ٠ل ٜاٌؾبي األؽَٓ هثٕب ٠ئله ٌٕب األؽَٓ ِبٔئلهُ ٔئٛي أٔ ٝٙاؽَٓ ٍٍٛن اٌّٖو ٓ١٠أفجبهٖ ئٗ٠؟
166
أل ٚؽِ ثٖواؽخ اؽٕب ئٌٍ ٝفٕ١ب اٌٛؽِ اؽٕب ٛ٘ٚثٔ ِٓ إٌبؽ١ز ِِ ٛ٘ ٓ١وٚ ٌ٠ٛاؽٕب أ ٚاؽَٓ ِٕٗ ٛت ٔؼًّ ئٌٍّٖ ٗ٠وٓ١٠؟ اٌّْىٍٗ ف ٓ١ئ ٗ٠اٌغٍٜ؟ وً ؽبعٗ غٍِ .ٜبف ِ١ؽبعٗ و َٗ٠ٛآٖ ٚهللا اٌؼظ ُ١إٌبً ِٓ عٛا٘ب ِِ ٕبفٝ ٌٗ١؟ ِِ ػبهفٗ اٌؼ١ت ف١ب أٔب ٚال اٌؼ١ت ف ٝإٌبً فؼالًا ٚهللا إٌبً ِٓ عٛأب ِِ وَٗ٠ٛ لٌٍ ٌٛ ً١ئٕ١ب ؽل ٕبف.ٝ إٌٛه ث١زئطغ ػٕلو ٛوز١و؟ وز١و علاًا ِزؼل ..ِ٠إٌٛه ث١ئطغ أوزو ِٓ إٌٛه ِٛعٛك ٛت ثزؼٍّٛا ئٗ٠؟ ٚال أ ٜؽبعٗ فبٌٔ ٛت أوزو اٌٖجؼ ٚال ثبًٌٍ١؟ أل ثؼل اٌٙٚو ػٕلن ٚالك؟ ئٗ٠؟ ثزؼٍّٛا ا ٗ٠ف ٝاٌّياووٖ.. ث١ئؼل فزوٖ .. ٍٗ٠ٛٛثٙلٌٗ عبِلٖ علاًا ف ٝاٌؾوكٖ وً إٌبً ِبّ ٗ١ثبٌىْبفبد .اٌّْغ ِبثَ١زؾٍِّ 10كلب٠ك
167
اٌّْغ ِغ ٚعٛك أٛفبي غٍ ٜأوجو غٍٜ ٌ ٛؽل ْٛ٠ف كوزٛه؟ ِِ وً اٌَّزْف١بد و .َٗ٠ٛف ٝكوبروٖ ث١جئب أٌجٙب ػٍ ٝأٌت اٌّو ٘٠ف ٝكوبروٖ ِب٘بُ كػ ٖٛثؾبعٗ ِِ ؽبٍ ٓ١ثاٌٍ ٝأكاِ.ُٙ اٌقلِٗ وٕظبَ ّىٍٙب ئٗ٠؟ ارغ١ود وز١و ػٓ األٚي ..األٚي وبْ فّ٘ ٝغ ٗ١كٌٛئز ٝفٔ ٝظبَ ّ ٗ٠ٛاثزلد رزظج ٜو.ٌ٠ٛ ئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه ف ٝاٌزؼٍُ١؟ ِزىٍّٕ ِ١ػٕٗ ال ِِ و ٌ٠ٛفبٌٔ ثٖواؽٗ ,اٌّلهٍٔ ٓ١فَ ِِ ُٙو ٓ١َ٠ٛػْبْ ٠ؼٍّ ِِ ٛػبعجٕ ٝأٔ ٜظبَ فبٌٔ. اثٕه ث١زؼٍُ وٌ٠ٛ؟ .........فبٌٔ وأٗ ِِ فِ ٝلهٍٗ ..الىَ ٠بفل كهً ٚأؽ١بٔب ًا ٠بفل ِغّٛػٗ ػْبْ ٠زظج.ٜ اٌَزبد فِٖ ٝو ٚافلٖ ؽئٙب؟ فٍ ٝزبد فِٖ ٝو ٚافلٖ ؽئٙب ٚفٍ ٝزبد أل.. ئىاٜ؟ ف ٝوً ؽبعٗ ...فٍ ٝزبد غٍجبٔٗ علاًا علاًا ٚفٍ ٝزبد ٚافلٖ ؽئٙب ِٓ اٌوعبي ِٓٚوً ؽبعٗ ٚوً ؽبعٗ فٍ ٝزبد ٌٙب ٛو٠ئٗ.. ٚفٍ ٝزبد ف١فٗ ِِ ػبهفٗ ربفل ؽئٙب وٌ٠ٛ فَِ ٝبٚاح؟ اٌَذ ػٕلٔب ثززؼت ػٓ اٌواعً ثزْزغً ثززؼت ٚثزْم ٝػٓ اٌواعً. ف ٝهعبٌٗ ٔبِٚ ّٗ٠جٍطٗ ف ٝاٌقِ ٜبف ِ١اؽٕب اٌٍ ٝثٕزؼت اٌواعً ئ ٗ٠؟ ٌ ٛاّزغً ّ٠ ..ٗ٠ٛوعغ أهفبْ ٙٚغ ٜػالد ٚفالٓ اٌَذ ّب ٍٗ٠وً ؽبعٗ ّب٠فٗ ث١ذ ّٚغً ٚوً ؽبعٗ. 168
أذ عٛىن ثْ١زغً ّ ٗ٠ٛولٖ ٗ٠ّٛٚولٖ أذ ؽبٍبٖ وَالْ ّٗ٠ٛ؟ ّ٠ّٛ !!ٗ٠ٛبد!! ِبف ِ١رؼبًِ ثٚ ٕٝ١ث ٓ١عٛى ٜف ٝأفٖبي ثَجت اٌّٛٙٛع كٖ هثٕب ٙ٠ل ٜاٌؾبي. ٠بهة اٌٍ ُٙآِ.ٓ١ فٕغبي
-اٌجلٔغبْ
ثبٌجٚ ٘١اٌجئَّبٛ ٌوط ا٠فً
ٕٕلٚق-
وورْٛ ice creamثالٍز١ه
-
رؼجبْ
ثورمبْ
-
ٌّجٗ
ٍٕ -لٚرِ
-
عبوذ
رفبػ
-
ثوّبَ
ِٖ -بٕٗ
-ثَىٛد
عؤبْ
-
رٛهرٗ
١ٍ -غبهٖ
-
ثٕبً١ٛ
-
-اٌزٍ٠ٛذ
-
اٌفواؿ
-
اٍٛك
أهأت
169
ٍغب٠و ِ -ىوٚثبظ
)6. MWC (Female ثبدث :داسعخ اٝخ ٝب ٍْبه كفٍذ ِؼٙل ئكاهح ٍىوربه٠خ ثٌ ِىٍّز ُٛافلد ثٌ ٍٕز ٓ١رؼٍِ ُ١زٍٜٛ ثبدث :عبمْخ فِٞ ٠ؼزجو األِ١و٠خ اٌَٛاػ ثبدث ٍ :غز٘ ٛاىزعي ٌٞؽبٝفخ اصاٛ ثَِٖ ٟز ٞٛاٌزؼٍ ِِ ُ١ى ٞاألٚي فبٌٔ ىِبْ ثئ ٟاٚي ِب أٔب افٛارٚ ٟولٖ وبٔذ صبٔ٠ٛخ ػبِخ اٍُ ؽبعخ وج١وح كٌٛئزٟ ِجئبُ فبهء ثئ ٟصبٔ ٞٛػبَ صبٕٕٔ ٞٛبػ ٟصبٔ ٞٛرغبه ِِ ٞفبهق ػّزب ٚال اٌْٙبكاد ػّزب ف ٟاألٚي وبْ ٌٙ١ب ِىبٔٗ وبْ ٌٙ١ب ٙٚغ فبٓ كٖ ِٕٙلى كٖ كوزٛه كٌٛئز ٟوً ؽبعخ ث١ظٗ وً ؽبعخ ث١زغوٚا فٙ١ب ؽز ٟاٌطت راللٙ١ب ِزؼٍّٗ ٚٚفلٖ كوزٛهاٖ ١َٔٚذ وً ٚاؽل ِّىٓ ٠غٍ ٜأّب اغٍ ٜاِٛد أَبْ ثبؽش :ف ٟؽلٚك اٖ ثبؽش :اٚالكن اك اٗ٠ ِٕٗ رّٓ ٍٕٚ ٓ١اكَ ٍٕخ ٔٔٚ ثبؽش ٔ :فَه ٠زؼٍّٛا ٌؾل اٗ٠ أب ِلفال٘ب ..وٍ ُٙػّال٠ ٓ٠ؾ١و ٟٔٚرغو٠جِ ٟزّ١ي ِلهٍخ وبْ ىوو٠ب ػيِ ٟػبٍِٙب ف ٟاالِ١و٠خ ف ٟاٌيرٚ ْٛكٌ ٗ٠غب٠ذ ٍٕٔ ٟ٘ٚ ٞٛفَٙب رجئ ٟكوزٛهح ا١ٕ ٚلالٔ١خ أب َِزىٍّٗ ِؼب٘ب ألْ ِلهٍزٙب ٌؾل صبٔٞٛ ثبؽش ٌٛ :ائٍذ ِِ ػب٠يح
170
ال الء ٘ ٟػب٠يح ثبؽش ٠ :فوق ِؼبو ٟاٌٌٛل ِٓ اٌجٕذ ائٍذ أل األرٕ ٓ١ى ٞثؼ٘ ثبؽش :افجبه ِٖو ا٠خ ظوٚف ِٖو ِب ِّٕٛىِبْ ٠ئ ٌٟٛاػٍّ ٟؽَبة ٌئلاَ ؽبٌ١ب غ١و ىِبْ فبٌٔ ثبؽش ٚ :كٌٛلٟ وً ٚاؽل كفٍٗ ....إٌبً كفٍٙب ِِ ى ٞثؼ٘ ؽز ٟاٌطجئبد اٌؼبٌ١خ ا ٚاٌّزٍٛطخ ثئْ٠ ٟزى ٛثو ِٓ ٗٙغٍ ٛاٌؾبعخ وٍٗ رؼجبْ ...وً إٌبً ثزىٍُ ٔفَٙب ِِ اللِٖ ٓ١له ؽٍٛ ثبؽش :ا ٗ٠اٌٍ ٟالفذ ٔظون وً ؽبعخ ىاكد ػّزٓ ٛبٌّب اٌلٚاله ث١غٍ ٟوً ؽبعخ ثزي٠ل االوً ؽز ٟإٌّٛالد ِف ِ١ؽبعخ ِغٍ١زِ ثبؽش ٛ :ت ٚاٌيؽّخ اىؽُ ِٓ األٚي ىِبْ ٚأب ٛبٌجٗ وبْ ٚلذ اٌّلاهً ىؽّخ ٌىٓ كٌئٛر ٟاٌٖجؼ ى ٞثٍٍ ً١ى ٞاٌٙٚو وٍٗ ى ٞثؼٗٚ ثبؽش :افجبه اٌىٙوثب اٗ٠ ثزئطغ ف ٟا٠بَ فٍٚذ َِزّو ٚها ثؼ٘ ِّىٓ رجبر ِٓ ٟغ١و وٙوثب ثبؽش ٛ :ت ٚاٌّٗ١ إٌٛه اوزو ثبؽش ٚ :ثبٌَٕجخ ٌٍَّزْف١بد اٌقلِخ وَ٠ٛخ
171
وً ؽبعخ فبٕخ اٌقلِخ اؽَٓ ؽز ٌٛ ٟؽىِٛخ رجغ ع ِ١وَ٠ٛخ ٌىٓ ؽىِٛخ ػل٠خ ٛجؼب اٌقلِخ ِِ وَ٠ٛخ الىَ ٠ىِ ْٛؼبوٟ فٍ ًٛاٌوّٛح ٌَخ ِٛعٛكح ػب٠يح رؼٍّ ٟأ ٞؽبعخ اػٍّٙ١ب ثبٌفٍِ ًٛف ِ١ؽبعخ ارغ١ود ثبؽش ّ :ب٠فخ فَِ ٟبٚاح ث ٓ١اٌوعً اٌّوأح اٌَزبد ٚافلٖ ؽمٛلٙب ثٖ ٟؽبٌ١ب اٌَذ ا ٚاٌواعً ثزْغً ٌّٚب اٌَذ ثزْغً ػٍٙ١ب ػبًِ اٍبٍ ٟف ٟاٌلفً ثٕب ً١ٛـ اهٔت ـ فواؿ ـ اٍٛك ـ ِ١ىوٚثبىاد ـ عؤبْ ـ رٛهرخ ـ ٍغبهح ـ رٛفبػ ـ ثوّبَ ـ ِٖبٕخ ـ ثَى٠ٛذ ـ ثورئبْ ـ عبوذ ـ ٍٕ-لٚرِ ـ ثوط ا٠فً ـ ا ٌ٠وو ُ٠ـ ثٍَزه ـ رؼجبْ ـ فٕغبْ ـ وور ْٛـ رٛاٌ١ذ ثزٕغبْ
172
7.5 Appendix E: Transcripts of middle middle class men )1. MMC (Male
ً ٛ٘ :أٔب ِّىٓ أٍغً ِغ ؽٚوره ً :ؽٚوره ئ ٌٟٛرؼٍ ُ١ؽٚوره ئٗ٠؟ ؽٚوره ثزْزغً ئٗ٠؟ ط :ثىبٌٛه ًٛ٠رغبهح لَُ رإِٔ١بد ئعزّبػ ٗ١ثٌ أٔب ّغبي أػّبي ؽوٖ ربعو ً :ؽٚوره آٌَ أك ئٗ٠؟ ط :فبٌَزٓ١ ً :ؽٚوره ِّىٓ رئ ٌٟٛػٍ ٝاٌٖٛه األٚي؟ ط :ك ٞثبٔطٍْٛ ً :عّؼ ُٙئٗ٠؟ ط :ثبٔطبٌٔٛبدٍٕ ،لٚء ٚكٖ ٛئُ رالعٗ ،كٖ فٕغبي ئ ،ٖٛٙك ٞفواؿ ،كٖ عؤبي عو٠لٖ ،ثورئبْ كٖ؟ كٌٛ ٞؽٗ ٍٛكا ،كِِ ٞ ّب٠فٙب، ً :كٖ ِ١لاْ ف ٗ١ئٗ٠؟ ط١ِ :ىوٚثبٍبد ،كٖ عبوذ ،ك١ٍ ٞغبهٖ ،كٌّ ٞجٗ ،كٖ رؼجبْ ،أهأت ،كٖ رفبػ أٌ ٚ ْٛكٚي ربٌذ ثالٌٓ١؟ ً :أل ثزؼذ األٛفبي. ط :أٖ ِٖبٕٗ ،ثوط ئ٠فً‘ ثزٕغبْ ػو ًٚث َّٗ١ف ٟاٌفالؽ ٓ١أهًٚ ً ٌٗٔٛ :ئٗ٠؟ 173
ط :ئٍٛك أل ِِ ئٍٛك ٘ ٌْٛ ٛاٌجزٕغبْ ث١ل ٞث١جئ ٝف١ّٛب غبِئ ٘ ٛاٌٍ ْٛاٌجزٕغبٔ ٟاٌٍ ٛ٘ ٟف١ّٛب ػٍ ٝاٍٛك ،ك ٞربٚاٌ١ذ ،كٖ ٍبٔلاٚرِ ٚكٛ ٞؼّ ٗ١أفؤغِ ِِ ٟؼئٛي ِٖوٞ ًٛ :ت ؽٚوره ئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه ف ٟاٌىٙوثٗ اٌٍ ٟثزئطغ؟ ط٠ :جطٍٛا ٠ىلثٛا ػٍٕ١ب ٚأؽٕب ٔؼوف اٌىٙوثب ثزئطغ ٌ ٗ١ئّٔب ٠ئٌٛه ِ١ذ ؽبعٗ ئّّؼٕب ِبوبٔزِ ثزئطغ األٚي ٚثؼل ٓ٠ك ٞثزئطغ ف ٟػي اٌْزب أِبي ٌّب ٠قِ اٌٖ١ف ٕ٘ؼًّ ئٗ٠؟ ٠جطٍٛا ثئ ٝاٌَٛاله اٌٍ ٟث١طٍغ ٚاٌٍ ٟث١زٙوة ٚأىِخ اٌَٛاله اٌّفزؼٍٗ .أٔب ػٕل ٞػوثبد ٔئً ثغ١ت عووٓ اٌٍ ٛ٘ ٟثٛاؽل ٚػْو ٓ٠عٕ ٗ١ثَز ٓ١عٕ ِٓ ٗ١اٌَٛء اٌَٛكا .ٗ١ِ ٖٗٔ ٚاٌىٙوثب ثزئطغ ٌٗ١؟ األٔفبء اٌٍّ ٟ٘ ٟغبٌٗ فٙ١ب اٌَٛاله ها٠ؼ ها٠ؼ٠ ،طٍغ ٚاؽل ثزبع ِؾطخ اٌىوِبد ٠ئٌٛه ٘ٛئف ِؾ ٓ١ٌٛػْبْ ِبػٕلٍٛ ِ٠اله أّغٍ ِٓ .ُٙئِز ٝاٌىالَ كٖ؟ األفواْ اٌجٍل ٞثٛ١ئف ٔٔ ّغٍٗ ْ٠ ٚزو ٞاٌَٛاله ثبٌغبٌ٠ ٟئ َٛػبًِ اٌوغ١ف أك ولٖ رؾٍف ٟػٍٗ١ ِِ ربوٍٗ١ٌ .ٗ١؟ ػْبْ ٠ؼٍ ٗٛؼو اٌَٛالهِ .فِٕ ِ١ظ ِٗٛف ٟاٌجٍل ّغبٌٗ ػليِ .ب فِ ِ١وائجٗ .وً ٚاؽل ث١ئٛي ٠ال ٔفَٚ ٟ ّ٘ب ٠ئٌٛه ئؽٕب ثٕؼًّ ٚثٕؼًّ ٚثٕؼًّ ِب ث١ؼٍّ ُٛؽبعٗ .ولاث.ٓ١ ً :أل ِب ؽلُ ؽبٌٍ ثأ ٞفوء طِ :ب ف ِ١فوء ئؽٕب ف ٟإٌبىي ثٕٕؾٚو ً :ف ٟرل٘ٛه ِب ؽلُ ؽبٌٍ ثؾبعٗ ط :أٔب ؽبٌٍ .أٔب وٕذ ػ١بْ ٚف ٟاٌَّزْف ٟأػلد ٍب ٞأهثغ ّٛٙه أ٠بَ ؽَِٕ ٟجبهن اٌْغً ّغبي ؽواِ ٚ ٟثَ١وء ٚثبفل ثٌ ّغبٌ ٓ١ثلفغ ئ٠غبهٚ..افل ّئٗ رٍّ١ه ٚٚافل ّئٗ ف ٟاٌْوٚء ثلفغ ئٍطٙب ئٔٙبهكٖ ِِ ءاكه أكفغ ئٍطٙب اٌْغً ٚئف ٠جئٝ أ ٟٙاألؽَٓ .اٌْغً ٚئف ٌٗ١؟ ِب ٘ٔ ٖٛفٌ األ٠بَ كٔ ٞفٌ األ٠بَ كٛ .ٞت كٖ ثَ١وءِٕ ،ؼزٛا اٌَوئٗ؟ثٌ ٘ ٛثْ١زغً ئٔزٛا ولٖ ِب ِٕؼز ُٛاٌَوئٗ .... ًٛ :ت ؽٚوره ثزئٛي هؽذ اٌَّزْفٛ ٝت ئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه ف ٟاٌطت؟ طَِ :زْف ٝفبٕٗ ،أٔب اٌلوزٛه ثزبػ ٟكوزٛه ِؾزوَ علا ئإي ئٍّٗ؟ ئٍّٗ اٌلوزٛه ٘بٔ ٟهاع ٟػبهفٕ ٟفجَأٌٗ ثئٛي ٌٗ أٔب وبد ؽبٌز ٟفطوٖ ،أٔب ٕوفذ ثزبع هثغ ٍِ ْٛ١عٕ ٗ١ثئٛي ٌٗ ٛت اٌٍِ ٟؼ ُٛٙفٍ ًٛف ٟاٌجٍل ك٠ ٞؼًّ ئٗ٠؟ ئبٌٍّٛ٠ ٟد ٚ ثؼلٌ ٓ٠ئبٔ ٟف ٟاٌىْف اٌلٚه ٞثوٚػ ٌٗ وً ّٙو ٌئبٔٔ ٟفَ١ز ٟرؼجبٔٗ فج١ئِ ٌٍٟٛبٌه فجئٛي ٌٗ ػْبْ اٌْغً ٚثزبع .ئبي ٌِ ٟب 174
ريػٍْ ٟئرٕ ٓ١ثٌ اٌٍّ ٟغبٌ ٓ١فِٖ ٟو اٌلوبروٖ ٚاٌؾبٔٛر٘ ِِ ٗ١بَٔبٌٗ اٌىٍّٗ ك ٗ١ٌ .ٞثئ ٝاٌؾبٔٛرٗ١؟ ػٍْبْ اٌٍِ ٟب ػُٛ فٍ ًٛف ٟاٌجٍل كٚ ٞػ ٟ١ثّٛ١د .ألٔٗ ِبفِٕ ِ١ظِٛخ ٕؾٗ .هٚؽ ٟأَِ ٞزْف ٝولٖ ؽى ،ِٗٛأٔب ِؼب٠ب ..أٔب وبْ ِزبِٓ ػٍ١ب أٔب ٌَٗ ٛبٌغ ِؼبُ ٛ ،بٌغ ِؼبُ فّٙ ٟو ارٕ ٓ١ئٔٙبهكٖ ّٙو وبَ؟ فَّٗ ،ئفو ٟٙأٔب ِؾزبط اٌّؼبُ كٖ؟ ِب ئجٚزِ اٌّؼبُ كٖ ٌغب٠خ كٌٛئز ٌَٗ ٟث١ؼٍّٛا ئعوائبرٗ ٟ٘ ،و ٗ١ّ١ث١ؼٍّ٘ٛب كٖ ٚاؽل ٚ ٚاؽل ارٕ .ٓ١أٔب وٕذ ِٛظف ف ٟاٌزإِٔ١بد اإلعزّبػ ٗ١ػلك إٌَ ٓ١ف ٟأفو أعو ٍٕز ٓ١ػٍ ٝأهثؼٗ ٚػْو٠ ٓ٠طٍغ اٌّؼبٍُٛ ،غ اٌْ١ه ف ٟأهثؼٗ ٚػْوٍ ٓ٠بػٗ. ً :ؽواَ فؼال؟ ط :أهثغ ّٛٙه ئفوٗ أٔب ِب ػٕل ِ٠كفً اٌال اٌّؼبُ كٖ؟ ِب ػٕل ِ٠كفً غ١و اٌّؼبُ كٖ؟ أِٛد أٔب ٚػ١بٌ ٚ ٟال أِل ئ٠لٞ أٍوء؟ )2.MMC (Male ً :ؽٚوره ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕٗ؟ ط :ئجً ِب أئٌٛه رل ٟٕ٠وبَ ٍٕٗ؟ ً :أهثؼٍٕٗ ٓ١ ط :ئٔز٘ ٟزٙوعٟ؟ ً ِِ :ؽٚوره ٘زَغً ِؼب٠ب ٠جئ ٝأهثؼٓ١ ط :ارٍٕ ٚ ٓ١زٓ١ ًٛ :ت ٚهللا ّىً ؽٚوره ٠جبْ إٔغو ط :ئَِى ٟاٌقْت ً١ٛ :ت ؽٚوره أّ ٌٍٟٚب٠ف ئ ٗ٠ف ٟاٌٖٛه؟ طِ :ؼٚٔ ِ١بهٖ ِِ ٚاٙؾٗ 175
ً :أٚي ٚاؽلٖ ك ٞئٗ٠؟ ط :ك ٞػٍجٗ وبهر٠ ْٛؼٕ٠ ٟب ٍٕلٚء ٠ب ػٍجٗ وبالرٕ ٌٛ ْٛغود ّ ٗ٠ٛولا رجئ ٝػٍجخ وٍٕ١ىٌ ،ك ٞػٍت ثالٍز١ه ثزبػخ رالعٗ، كٖ ٍبٔلٚرِ عجٕٗ ث ٚ ٗٚ١ػٍّٛ ٗ١ب ٚ ُٛف١به ،كِّ ٞىٓ رجئ ٝى ٞاٌجز١فٛه ولٖ ،كٖ ثوط ئ٠ف ٚ ً١كٖ ثزٕغبْ ٚكٞ وبِ١وحرٖ٠ٛو، ً ٌٗٔٛ :ئٗ٠؟ ط :اٌجزٕغبْ كٖ؟ ّ٠ىٓ ػْبْ إٌٚبهٖ ِِ ِٛعٛكٖ كٖ َِٛك ثٌ اٌّفو ٗٚكٖ ٠جئ ٝهٕبٕ ،ٟرفبػ ،كِٖ ٞبٕٗ ثزبػخ أٛفبي ،رٛاٌ١ذ ٌٛ ٚػب٠يٖ ٠ؼٕ٠ ٟئٌٛه ر١ٍ٠ٛذ ثٌ ٘ ٛرٛاٌ١ذ أِ ٚوؽبٗ١ٍ ،غبهٖ ئِّٖ ٔ١جبػ ٌّجٗ ثٌ ٌّجٗ ئٗ٠؟ أالٚٚى ِِ َِّبه ،رؼجبْ ،عباوذ ،أ٠ٍٛ ٚزو ،ثورئبْ، ً :كٖ ٌ ٗٔٛئٗ٠؟ ط :ئٍٛك ،كٖ ِٛئف ِ١ىوٚثبٍبد ،فٕغبي ّب ،ٞثٌ كٖ ّب ٞفزٍٗ كٖ؟ أل اٌئِ ٖٛٙب ثزجئبُ ولٖ ٚ ،ك ٞفواؿ ٚك ٞعو٠لٖ ً :أ ٚئٗ٠؟ ط :عؤبْ ٠ؼٕ ،ٟثٕطبٌٔٛبد ّ ٚجبن ً :عّ ً١علاٛ ،بة ؽٚوره وٍّٕ ٟػٓ أ ٞؽبعٗ رؾت رزىٍُ فٙ١ب ،وٍِّٕ ٟضال ػٓ ِٖو ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ؟ ط :ال ٌّب رئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛئٔز ٟثئ ٝأٔب هاعً ػَىوٞ ًٛ :بة ئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه ف إٌٛه اٌٍ ٟث١زئطغ ئ ٗ٠اٌؾً؟ ط :اٌؾً! ػْبْ األؽّبي كٌٛئز ٟل ٗ٠ٛعلا ،اٌّفؤ ٗٚئًٍ األؽّبي ك ٚ ٞالىَ ٔئفً إٌٛه ّٔ ٚ ٗ٠ٛغ١جٗ ّ ٗ٠ٛػْبْ ِبٔؾٍِّ ػب ّجىبد ثزبػذ اٌىٙوثٗ. ً١ٛ :ت ؽٚوره ئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه ف ٟاٌطت فِٖ ٟو؟ ط :ئّّؼٕب اٌطت ٠ؼٕٟ؟ 176
ً :أ ٞؽبعٗ اٌزؼٍُ١؟ ط :أل أب ٘ئٌٛه اٌطت ،ػٍْبْ اٌطت ٠جئ ٝو ،ٌ٠ٛرّبَ ،الىَ األٛجبء ئجً ِب ٠لفٍٛا وٍ١خ اٌطت ٚاألٛجبء ثبٌياد ٠زؼٍٍُّٙ ئفزجبه ٔفَ ٟإلْ اٌطج١ت ِّٙب وبْ geniusث١زؼبًِ ِغ ِوٚ ٘٠الىَ ٠ؼوف ٠زؼبًِ ِغ ِو ٘٠وٍٛ ،ٌ٠ٛاء اٌطج١ت أٚ اٌزّوٌ ،٘٠ألٍف ِّىٓ ٠جئ ٝكوزٛه ٘ب ،ً٠ثٌ ِب ٠ؼوفِ ٠زىٍُ ِب ػٕل ُٚىوبء ئعزّبػ٠ ٟؼوف ٠زؼبًِ ِغ اٌّو ٘٠اٌٍٟ ئٛكاِٗ ٔٚفٌ اٌؾبعٗ اٌزّو ٘٠ثو ٛٙثلٌ ً١ئْ ف ٟاٌقبهط اٌلٚي األٚهٚث ٗ١اٌطٍجٗ ئجً ِب رلفً وٍ١خ اٌطت أ ٚاٌزّو٘٠ ث١ؼٍّٛا ئفزجبه ٔفٍَٖ٠ ٟؼ ٠لفً وٍ١خ اٌطت ٚال أل ا ٚاٌزّو ٘٠ا ٚأل ٚ .كٖ اٌٍ ٟئؽٕب ثٕؼبٔ ِٓ ِٕٗ ٟاٌزّو ٘٠ئْ ؽزٝ اٌّّو ٗٙاٌّفو ٟ٘ ٚ ٗٚثزؼبًِ ِو ٘٠الىَ رؼبٍِٗ و .ٌ٠ٛئٔز ٟػبهفٗ اٌّضً اٌٍ ٟث١ئٌٛه الئٚ ٟٕ١ال رغل .ٟٕ٠ألْ أٔب ّٛفذ ِوٖ ِّوٗ كافً عٕت ٚاؽل وبْ ػ١بْ ٚاٌواعً ِٓ ّلح األٌُ ثزبػٗ ٍ ٚو٠قٗ ٚاٌىالَ كٖ اٌٛاك أ ػل ٠ؼ ٜ١عٕج ٗ١اٌّّوٗ. ٠جئِّ ٝوٗ ئىاٞ؟ ٚأٔب اٌّفوٌّ ٗٚب أالئ ٟكٖ ثَ١وؿ ٚثزبع أػوف أرٖوف أػًّ ٌٗ ئ ِِ ٗ٠أػل عٕج ٗ١أػ.ٜ١ ً :فِّ ٟو ٓ١١ٙث١جئٛا لبٍ٠ ٓ١١ؼّٕ ٟب٠ف ٓ١١اٌّوِ ٚ ٘٠ؼزجوّ ٕٗ٠غً. ط٠ :جئ ٝالىَ ٠زؼٍّٗ ئفزجبه ٔفَ ،ٟالىَ ْٛ٠ف ٖٛػٕلٖ ىوبء ئعزّبػ٠ .ٟؼٕ ٟأػوف أرؼبًِ ِغ اٌٍ ٟأٚكاِٚ ٟال أل ألْ فٔ ٟبً ِب ػٕل٘بُ ىوبء ئعزّبػ ٟفبٌٔ. ًٛ :بة ؽٚوره ئٌٕٛب اٌزؼٍِْ ُ١ىٍزٗ ٔؾٍٙب ئىاٞ؟ ط :اٌزؼٍ !ُ١اٌزؼٍ ُ١فبًّ ٛجؼب. ًٔ :ؼًّ ئ ٗ٠ػْبْ ٍٖٔؾٗ؟ ط :أٔب كاّ٠ب أئٌٙٛب ٌٍٕبً ػْبْ رجئ ٟػبهفٗ ٠ؼٕ ،ٟثٖ ٟأٔب كاّ٠ب أئٌٙٛب ٌٍٕبً ػْبْ رجئ ٟػبهفٗ..وبْ ٚى٠و اٌزوث ٗ١وّبي اٌلٓ٠ ؽَ .ٓ١ؽٚور ٟوّبي اٌل ٓ٠ؽَ ٓ١أٍّ ٚؼز ٟػٕٗ أ٠بَ اٌضٛهٖ ف ٟاٌقَّٕ١بد. ً :ال طِ :ب وٕز ِ١ئٔز ٌَٗ ٟأرٌٛلر ٟأ٘ ٛكٖ وبْ هاعً ثزبع لٛاد ٍَِؾٗ ٠ؼِٕ ٟب ٌ ُٛف ٟاٌزؼٍ ُ١ئّٔب لبئل ٠ؼوف ٠مٛك إٌبً ئىاٞ ثبٌزؾل٠ل .اٌزؼٍ ُ١وبْ ػْوٖ ػٍ ٝػْوٖ .كٌٛئزٌ ٟألٍف ٚىهاء اٌزوث ٚ ٗ١اٌزؼٍ ُ١فو٠غ ٓ١عبِؼبد ٚاٌزؼٍ ُ١فبًّ ٚ .ثؼل ٓ٠أٔب
177
ِِ الىَ أو ْٛأٔب ِإً٘ ف اٌىالَ كٖ ئّٔب أب لبئل أػوف ألٛك إٌبً ك ٞئىا ٚ ٞأػوف أِْ ُٙ١ئىا ٚ ٞأػوف أرؼبًِ ِؼبُ٘ ئىا ٚ ٞأػوف افزجوُ٘ ٚاّٛف ّ٘ب ث١لهٍٛا وٚ ٌ٠ٛال أل .كٖ اٌمبئل. ً٠ :جئ ٝػٕلٖ اٌّٙبهاد ثزبػخ اإلكاهٖ ط :أ ٖٛ٠ئىا ٞأك٠و اٌىالَ كٖ ِِ ّو ٛئْ أٔب أوِ ْٛزقٖٔ ئّٔب اػوف أك٠و إٌبً ك ،ٞأػٍّٙب ئىا .ٞى ٞاٌّووت ٌٙ١ب لبئل ٚاؽل ٌ ٛعُ ارٕ ٓ١لبكٖ ف ٟاٌّووت اٌّووت ك ٞرغوء ى ٞاٌج١ذ ثبٌظج ٜاٌج١ذ ثو ٗ١ٌ ٛٙلبئل ٚاؽل. ً :ك ٞثئِْ ٝىٍٗ وج١وٖ؟ ِ ٓ١اٌٍ٠ ٟمٛك اٌج١ذ اٌّفوٗٚ؟ ط :اٌّفو ٗٚاٌواعً ،رّبَ؟ ٌ ٚىٓ ثوٛٙا ِّىٓ َّ٠غ ٌّوارٗ ،رّبَ؟ ثٌ اٌمواه ثزبع ِٓ١؟ اٌمواه ثزبع اٌواعً ،اٌّفو ٗٚكٖ ٌ ٛهاعً. ً١ِ :وٍ ٟعلا ط :اٌؼفٛ MMC (Male) 3 ً :ؽٚوره ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕٗ؟ ط :أهثؼٗ ٍ ٚزٓ١ ً :ؽٚوره وٍّزٕ ٟػٓ رغوثخ أٌٖ ٓ١غؾٛا ئىاٞ؟ ط :ف اٌٖ ٓ١ػٍّٛا ؽبعٗ ئٍّٙب فطخ إٌغبػ فٖٖٛا ِ١يأ١بد ػبٌٌٍ ٗ١جؾش اٌؼٍّ ٟػٍّٛا..وضفٛا ِٓ ِواوي األثؾبس اٌؼٍّٗ١ ػٍّ٘ٛب ف ٟاٌغبِؼبد ٚفِ ٟواوي ئرٖٕ١غ اٌىجو ٞثؾ١ش ئْ ٠جئ ٝف ٟثؾش ػٍَِّ ٟزّو ِ ٚىضف ف ٟوً اٌّغبالد ٚػٓ ٛوٞء إٌٙلٍٗ اٌؼىَ ٗ١ثئٛا ٠غ١جٛا اٌزىٌٕٛٛع١ب ِٓ اٌقبهط ٠ ٚقٍئٛا اٌزىٌٕٛٛع١ب اٌٖ ٗ١ٕ١ألٔ ُٙؽطٛا ِجلأ الثل ِٓ ئِزالن اٌزىٌٕٛٛع١ب ِِ أ ٞرىٌٕٛٛع١ب ئبٌ ٛالثل ِٓ ئِزالن اٌزىٌٕٛٛع١ب اٌٖ ٚ .ٗ١ٕ١فؼال أِزٍىٛا اٌزىٌٕٛٛع١ب اٌٖ ،ٗ١ٕ١أٛٙا ػٍ ٝاألِٗ١ رّبِب .وبْ فَٔ ٟجخ أِ ٗ١فَّٗ ٚػْو ٓ٠ف اٌّ ٗ١ف اٌٖ ،ٓ١فَّٗ ٚػْو ٓ٠ف اٌّ ٗ١كٖ ػلك وج١و علا ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌزؼلاك آٌٖ١
178
ٍِ١به ٚهثغ رئو٠جب .أٛٙا ػٍ ٟاألِ ٗ١رّبِب فٖٖٛا ِ١يأ١بد ػبٌٌٍ ٗ١جؾش اٌؼٍّ ٚ ٟاٌزىٌٕٛٛع١ب ،اٌجؾش اٌؼٍّٚ ٟ اٌزىٌٕٛٛع .ٟعبثٛا إٌٛاثغ اٌٖٛغ١و ٚ ٓ٠ثلأٚا ٙ٠زّٛا ث ٚ ُٙ١ػٍّٛاٌِ ُٙواوي أثؾبس ثؾ١ش ئْ ّ٘ٗ ٖ٠وفٛا ػٍ٠ٚ ُٙ١ىٍفٚ ُ٘ٛ ٠بفلٚا ِٕٔ ُٙزبط و ٌ٠ٛثؼل فزوٖ ٔز١غخ اٌٖوف ػٍ ٚ ُٙ١ػبألثؾبس ثزبػز ٚ ُٙػبٌجؾش اٌؼٍّ ٟاٌٍ ٟث١ؼٍّ.ٖٛ ًٛ :ت ئ ٗ٠هأ ٞؽٚوره فٙٛغ اٌطت فِٖ ٟو؟ ط :أٔب ئٌٛذ ئٔٗ اٌزؼٍ ُ١ػِّٛب الثل ِٓ ئػبكح إٌظو ف١ٍ ٟبٍخ اٌزؼٍ ،ُ١اٌزؼٍ ُ١وٍٗ ِٓ ؽٚبٔٗ ؽز ٝاٌزؼٍ ُ١اٌؼبٌ ٟؽز ٝاٌّبعَز١و ٚاٌلوزٛهاٖ ،الثل ِٓ ئػبكح إٌظو ف١ٍ ٟبٍخ اٌزؼٍ ُ١وٍٗ ،ئػبكح إٌظو ٠ؼٕ٠ ٟزؼًّ ٍ١بٍخ رؼٍ ُ١عل٠لٖ ٚئٍزوار١غٌٍ ٗ١زٕف١ي، ٌزٕف١ي آٌ١بد ٌٍَ١بٍٗ ك٠ ،ٞزٖوف ػٍ ٝاٌزؼٍ٠ ٚ ُ١زقٖٔ ٌٗ ِ١يأ٠ ،ٗ١زؼًّ ِٕب٘ظ رؼٍ ُ١عل٠لٖ رّبِب ،هث ٜاٌزؼٍ..ُ١ف اٌَ١بٍٗ ك٠ ٞزوث ٜاٌزؼٌٍّ ُ١واوي اإلٔزبط ٚئؽز١بعبد ِ ٚزطٍجبد اٌلٔ ٌٗٚفَٙب٠ .ؼِٕ ٟب ٠جئبُ اٌزؼٍِ...ُ١بع ِ١أفوط كاهٍٓ١ ِٓ أؽل اٌىٍ١بد ٠ؼلٚا ف ثٛ١ر ،ُٙأفوط ثبألالف ِٓ اٌغبِؼٗ ِبٌ ِِٛٙالىِٗ ف اٌّغزّغ ،الىَ هث ٜوبًِ ٚهث ٜػٍّٟ ِلهِ ٚ ًٚزمٓ ثٔ ٓ١ظبَ اٌزؼٍٔ ُ١فَٗ ِ ٚواوي اإلٔزبط اٌٍ ٟف اٌجٍل. ًّ :ىوا ط :اٌؼفٛ
)4. MMC (Male هأفذ أٚي ؽبعٗ ؽَأٌه ػٍٙ١بٛ ..جؼبًا اٍّه اٍّه هأفذ عبثو ..ً٠اٌٛظ١فٗ ٠ب هأفذ؟
179
أب ّغبي ِل٠و ثؤبِظ لَُ اٌٍغٗ االٔغٍ١ي٠خ ,وٍ١خ اٌزؼٍ ُ١اٌَّزّو ثبٌغبِؼٗ االِو٠ىٚ ٗ١اٌجؤبِظ كٖ ث١أكَ وٛهٍبد ف ٝاٌٍغخ اإلٔغٍ١يِ ٗ٠قٖٖٗ ِفٍٖٗ ػٍ ٝؽَت اٌؼّ ً١أ ٚاٌْووٗ ِب رطٍت٠ ...ى ْٛوٛهً االٔغٍ١ي ِٓ ٗ٠أعً اٌطت أ ٚإٌٙلٍٗ أٚ هعبي األػّبي ٌٍج١ئٌ.. ؽٍ ٛأ١ٛ ٜٚت هأفذ أٔب ػبهفٗ ئٔه ِؼبن ِبعَز١و ف ٝرله ٌ٠االٔغٍ١يٌ ٗ٠غ١و اثٕبئٙبٚ ..ػبهفٗ ثوكٚ ٚئٔه ػٕلن ثٕز ..ٓ١هثٕب ٠قٌٍ ُٙ١ه ..ػب٠يٖ أٍأٌه ُ٘ أك اٚ ٗ٠ا ٗ٠هأ٠ه ف ٝاٌزؼٍ..ُ١ ثٕز ٝاٌىج١وٖ ػٕل٘ب ِ ٝ٘ٚ ٍٕٗ 12بّبء هللا ٝ٘ٚاالٍجٛع اٌٍ ٝفبد ِقٍٖٗ اِزؾبٔبرٙب ف ٝاٌٖف اٌَبكً االثزلائ.ٝ ٚهأ ٝ١٠ف ٝاٌزؼٍ ُ١فِٖ ٝو ػٕلٔب فٛٔ ٝع ِٓ ِِ ؽبٚٚي ٚKG1ثٕز ٝاٌٖغ١وٖ ٌَٗ ٠ؼٕ ٝفِ ٝوؽٍخ هٙٚخ األٛفبيٌَٗ .. اٌؾْ ٛىِ ٜب وز١و ِٓ إٌبً ثزلػٌ ٝىٓ فٛٔ ٝع ِٓ ٍٛء اٌزؼبًِ ِغ اٌّبكح اٌؼٍّ١خ ألْ اٌزؼٌٍ ُ١ألٍف افٕٖو ف ٝوزبة ٌىٓ اٌزؼٍ ُ١أ ٚإٌّٙظ اٌلهاٍ ٝاٌّفو٠ ٗٚى ٛ٘ ْٛثٕجٕ ٝأ ٚثٕغٙي ٚالكٔب أ ٚثٕبرٕب ئْ ّ٘ب ٛ٠اعٛٙا اٌؾ١بٖ ثٕغبػ ثّؼٕ ٝأ ٝأب أؽبٚي اػٍّ ُٙأ٠ ُٙىزَجٛا ِٙبهاد اٌؾ١بٖ ئىا ٜأٙب آٖ و٠ ٌ٠ٛىِ ْٛؼب٘ب وزبة ٌىٓ الىَ أفٍٙ١ب ...أهث ٝفٙ١ب اٌوغجخ أٙب ر١ٚف ٌٕفَٙب ٚرؼٍُ ٔفَٙب ثّؼٕ٠ ٝى ْٛػٕل٘ب االػزّبك اٌىٍ ٝػٍِ ٝلهٍٗ ٚػٍ ٝاٌىزبة فوأ ٟ٠ف ٝاٌزؼٍ ُ١آٖ اٌّبكح اٌؼٍّ ٗ١أٚ اٌىزت فٙ١ب اٌّبكٖ اٌؼٍّٚ ٗ١فٙ١ب ِؼٍِٛبد و َٗ٠ٛفٙ١ب ِؼٍِٛبد ِف١لٖ ٌٚىٓ ِِ ٘ ٛكٖ اٌٍ٠ ٝىفٝ ٛت ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌّٖو ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ أذ ؽبٌٍ ئْ ِٖو ثأد أؽَٓ ٚال أٚؽِ ٚال ا ٗ٠األفجبه؟ ُِِٖ ..و ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ اٌ .. ٗ٠ألٍف أٍٛأ ..أٔب آ٠ف ئٔ ٝأأٚي ولٖ لجً اٌضٛهٖ وبْ فٛٔ ٝع ِٓ اٌفَبك ِٕزْو ف ٝوً لطبػبد اٌلٌٚخ ٠ٚغٛى اٌفَبك كٖ أي ٚأي ثَٕجٗ وج١وٖ ٌىٓ كٌٛأر ٝفٛٔ ٝع آفو ِٓ ٍٛء اٌّؼٔ ْٗ١إٚي ئْ ِزلٌ ٓ١١األِو رإٚي ػٍِ ِِ ُٙ١ؾزوف ٓ١ثلهعٗ وبف ٗ١ئّْٔٛ٠ ُٙا األِٛه ثْىً ٠مبثً اٌّغٛٙك ٚاألػّبه ٚاٌلَ اٌٍ ٝارجني ف ٝاٌضٛهٖ كٜ ٛت ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌٍىٙوثب ً٘ ...اٌىٙوثب ثزاٛغ ػٕلن؟ آٖ ٌألٍف ٛت ٘ ٛئٌ ٝاٗ٠؟
180
أٔب َٔ١ذ أٍأٌه ؽِ ٝلٕ٠خ ٖٔو ِلٕ٠خ ٖٔو اٌؾ ٝاٌضبِٓ ثّلٕ٠خ ٖٔو ٚ ...أٔب فالٓ ٍَزّذ ؽ١بر ٝئْ وً ِٓ َٛ٠اٌَبػٌٗ 8 ِٓ ..ـ .. 9ثزاٛغ اٌىٙوثب اْ ِبوٕزِ راٛغ هثغ ٍبػٗ ِّىٓ ٍبػٗ ٌٚىٓ اؽٕب ارؼٛكٔب ػٍ ٝولٖ ْٔزو ٜأ ٚاّزوٕ٠ب فالٓ اٌىْبفبد ػٍْبْ إٌٛه ٚثفىو عل٠بًا ألٔ ٝػبهف ٌّب ٠لفً اٌٖ١ف ثبٌٕظبَ كٚا ...ألْ فزوح أمطبع اٌىٙوثب ثزي٠ل ِٓ ٌٍ َٛ٠زبٔ ٝأ ٚاٍجٛع ٌٍ ٝثؼل ..ٗ٠أٔب ارٛلغ ِغ اىك٠بك اٌؾو ٚرْغ ً١اٌزى١١فبد ّ٠ىٓ راٛغ ٌَبػبد ف ٝاٌؾبٌ ٝك ِِ ٜثٌ ِؾزبط إلٙبءٖ ِ ..ؾزبط وٙوثب ػْبْ األوً ف ٝاٌزالعٗ ..أٚ ػبِخ ػْبْ اٌؾبعبد اٌزبٔ ٗ١اٌٍ ٝف ٝاٌج١ذ رْزغً ثفىو ئٔ ٝاّزوِٛ ٜرٛه ٛجؼب ًا اٌؾبي َِٛ١ه ٔئله ػٌٍ ٗ١ىٓ أغٍج١خ اٌْؼت ِ١أكهُ ؽزْ٠ ٝزو ٜاٌىْبف كٖ ٕؾ١ؼ ...آٖ ِْ ..ىٍٗ ٛ ...ت أذ ؽبٌٍ أ ٝاٌفزوٖ االف١وٖ اٌلٔ١ب غبٌٗ٠ّٛ ٗ١؟ آٖ ؽبعبد وز١و غٍ١١ذ ٠ ..ؼٕ ٝأٔب هغُ اٌؾبي َِٛ١ه ٌ ...ىٓ ثأػبٔٗ١ٌ ٝ؟ أٔب ثبٛو اّزو ٜوزت ِٓ ثوٖ ...اٌَؼو اٌلٚاله فبهئ ٠ ...ؼٕ ٝاهرفغ ثْىً ِق١ف ففوأ ف ٝاٌؼٍّخ ٛجؼب ًا ىٚك أٍؼبه اٌؾبعبد اٌٍ ٝفبهط ِٖو ٚاٌؾبعبد اٌٍ ٝكافً ِٖو ٛجؼب ًا وً ؽبعٗ ىاكد٠ ...ؼٌّٕ ٝب ثوٚػ ِغ اٌّلاَ ...اٌَٛثو ِبهوذ ػْبْ ْٔزو ٜاٌؾبعبد ...أل ٛجؼب ًا ....رىبك رى ْٛىاكد %70 ِْىٍٗ أو١ل ِْىٍٗ آٖ ٛت ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌٛ ..ثؼل اٌْو ٌ ٛاؽزغذ أ ٚؽل ِٓ اٌجٕبد ِضالًا ػب٠ي رىْف روٚػ َِزْف .. ٝرىْف ..ثؼل اٌْو ٛجؼبًا ػٍ١ىٛ وٍى ..ٛئ ٗ٠أأهة أ ٚئ ٗ٠أوزو َِزْف ٝثزوٚػ فٙ١ب ٚ ..ئٛٔ ٗ٠ع اٌقلِخ ..ػبًِ ئىاٜ؟
181
٘ ٛفَِ ٝزْف١بد ثٕوٚؽٚ ُٙاؽلٖ فِ ٝلٕ٠خ ٖٔو اٍّٙب َِزْف ٝؽَجٚٚ ٛاؽلٖ فِٖ ٝو اٌغل٠لح اٍّٙب َِزْف ٝاٌؾ١بٖٛ ..جؼبًا اٌؾّل هلل اٌْغً ٕ٘ب ػبٍٍِ ٝرأِٚ ٓ١ف ٝأوزو ِٓ َِزْف ٝأأكه اهٚؽٙب ٌىٓ كٚي ػْبْ أٚهة اٌَّبفٗ ٚاٌؾّل هلل اٌقلِخ اٌٍٝ ثٕالئٙ٠ب ف ٝاٌَّزْف١ز ٓ١كٚي و َٗ٠ٛعلاًا ِٕٝ١ ٛت ؽٍ ٛأ ... ٜٚاٌَزبد فِٖ ٝو ف ٝهأ٠ه ٚافلٖ ؽمٙب ٚال ِِ أٜٚ؟ أل ألٍف ..اٌّوأح ِِ ٚافلٖ ؽمٙب ثلٌ ً١رؼبٌٔ ٝجٔ ػٍ ٝوً اٌمطبػبد اٌٍٙ١ٌ ٝب ِٛالغ ل١بك٠ ٗ٠ؼٕ ٝأٙب ِضالًا ٔجلأ ِٓ لّخ اٌٙوَ اٌوئ ٌ١هعً هئ ٌ١اٌٛىاهٖ هعً اٌٛىهاء ئْ رؼل ٜػلكُ٘ رالر ٓ١فف ٝاِوأٖ ٚاؽلٖ ٚى٠وٖ اٌجؾش اٌؼٍّٔ .. ٝلفً ػٍ ٝهؤٍبء اٌغبِؼبد ػٍ ٝؽل ػٌٍّ ٝغب٠خ إٌَٗ اٌلهاٍ ٗ١اٌٍ ٝأزٙذ كٚ ... ٜال اِوأٖ َِىذ آٖ اٌزوثٚ ٗ١اٌزؼٍُ١ ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌٍؼّلاء ٠غٛى ٌٚىٓ َٔجز ُٙال رزؼل 5 ٜأ ... % 10 ٚاٌّوأح ٌٙب ِٕبٕت ل١بك ٗ٠ف ٝاٌمطبػبد اٌقبٕٗ ثّؼَِٕ ٌٛ ٝىٕب ِضالًا اٌغبِؼبد اٌقبٕٗ أ ٚاٌّلاهً اٌقبٕٗ ؽٕالئَٔ ٝجخ اٌم١بكاد إٌَبئ١خ فٙ١ب ثَٕجٗ وج١وٖ ٝ٘ ..اعزٙلد ٌٚ ..ىٓ اٌّغزّغ ث١ل٘ب ؽأ٘ب ِب رَزؾئٗ ٌألٍف أل. ٛجؼب ًا ؽٕقِ ثأا ػٍِٛٙٛ ٝع ٍِ ُٛػاللٗ ثبٌقٚبه ٚاألوً ...ئ ٗ٠أوزو فٚبه ثزؾجٗ اٌٍّٛفٚ ٗ١ا ٗ٠اوزو فبو ٗٙثزؾجٙب اوزو فبو ٗٙثؾجٙب ..ثورأاْ.. ٛت ٚاٌَّمؼخ ..افجبه٘ب ِؼبن ئٗ٠ ٠ؼٕ ٝأٔب أموو ٚاٌلر ٝهللا ٠وؽّٙب ٚىٚعز ٝكاّ٠ب ًا ٠لػ ٌٝٛألْ ِب ثزؼج .. ِّٙأ ٜؽبعٗ ثَّٚ ٝآوً.. ٛت عًّ١ ٛت ٌّ ٛوثذ ؽبعٗ ٍئؼٗ رْوة ئٗ٠ أؽت أّوة ِبٔغٗ أ ٚػٖ١و ٛج١ؼٝ 182
ٌىٓ ٌ ٛؽبعٗ غبى ٗ٠أل؟ ٔبكهاًا ألٔٙب ثززؼجٕٝ ٛت ثبٌَٕجٗ ٌٍَغب٠و ثزْوة ٍغب٠و ٚال أل؟ أل فبٌٔ ...اٌؾّل هلل اٌؾّل هلل ٛت ٌ ٛفطود رفطو ئٗ٠؟ اٌٖجؼ ٠ؼِّٕ ..ٝىٓ أؽت أفطو فٛي ِّ ..ىٓ آوً فٛي ِّ ..ىٓ ث ٘١ثَطوِٗ عجٕٗ ثٌ ؽٍ ٛأ.ٜٚ اٌّؼوٚفٗ ؽبعبد ػبكٗ٠
اٍٛك – ثزٕغبْ -رٛهرخ – ٕٕلٚء أزقبثبد -فْت -عو٠لح -عؤبْ -رفبػ -كٚا -وبِ١وا – ِٖبٕبد -ثَىٛدٌّ -جخ -ثورئبْ- ٍ٠ٛزو عٍل -ا ٌ٠ووٍ -ُ٠غبهح -ثوط ا٠فً -ؽّبَ اٌئبػلحlunch box -فوٚط١ِ -ىوٚثبٍبدٍ/ -بٔل٠ٚزِ -فٕغبْ -فواؿtoilet )5.MMC (Male اٍّه ٚاٌّإً٘ ٚاٌلهاٍخ ِٕ ٚطئخ اٌَىٓ؟ ٍ١ف ػٖبَ ف ٝاٌوؽبة ثىبٌٛهَٕ٘ ًٛ٠خ ِ١ىبٔ١ىب ِٓ أ ٝٙعبِؼخ؟ ِٓ اي AUC 183
ٛت ػب٠يح اٍأٌه ّب٠ف أفجبه ِٖو ا ٗ٠ثؼل اٌضٛهح؟ افجبه ِٖو اٗ٠؟ ف ٝأؾلاه ٛجؼب ف ٝأؾلاه ١ٛت ّب٠ف ا ٗ٠ا ٗ٠االٍَِخ اٌٍ ٝاكاِه؟ا ٚرؾل٠لا ف ٝأِ ٜغبي َِال ٠ؼٕ ٝالزٖبك٠ب اٌجٍل ٔبىٌخ ٌزؾذ ٚااللزٖبك ٚائغ ف ٝوً اٌّغبالد أٔب ثْزغً فِ ٝغبي اٌجزوٚي ففِ ٝغبي اٌجزوٚي فْٔ ٝبٚ ٛ وً ؽبعخ ثٌ ِف ِ١ثزوٚي ِ ٚف ِ١كٚاله ػٕلٔب فِْ ٝىٍخ اْ اؽٕب ِِ ػبهفٔ ٓ١زؼبًِ ن Investeors ا ٚاٌَّزَّو ٓ٠االعبٔت ث ّْٛ١ثوٖ ِٖو ػْبْ ّ٘ب ِِ ػبهف٠ ٓ١بفل ٚفٍ ًٛكٚالهاد ٚاٌ١ٙئخ ثزلفغ ثبٌلٚالهفبٌٍّ ٝغبي ٔٛػب ِب أ ٚػٍ ٗ١اؽز١بط ؽز ٝكٚي ِف٠ ِ١ؼٕ ٝث١طفْٛا ِٓ اٌجٍل ٛت ا ٌٍٝٚافجبه اٌىٙوثب ػٕلٚو ٛا ٗ٠ثزئزغ ٚال إٌظبَ وٌ٠ٛ؟ اؽٕب ػٕلٔب ويا ِجٕ ٝفِ ٝجٕ ٝاٌىٙوثب و َٗ٠ٛثٌ ِِ وَ٠ٛخ أ٠ ٜٚؼٕ ٝػْبْ اؽٕب عٕوارٛه ٚفِ ٟجٕ ٝربٔ ٝف ٟاٌزغّغ ثزئطغ ٛجؼب اٌىٙوثب ثزئزغ ٍبػبد ٍبػزٍ ٓ١بػبد رٍذ ٍبػبد فطجؼب ِغ اٌْغً ٛت ٚافجبه اٌّ ٗ١اٗ٠؟ ٔؼُ؟ ٚافجبه اٌّ ٗ١اٗ٠؟ ِؼٍْ ٝربٔ ٝاٗ٠؟ اٌّٗ١؟ اٌّ ٗ١ثزئزغ؟
184
اٌّ ٗ١أل ِؼزملُ ١ٛت ٚا ٗ٠هأ٠ه ف ٝاٌزؼٍُ١؟ اٌزؼٍ ٚ ُ١ؽِ علا ٛجؼب ِٓ ٔبؽ١خ اٗ٠؟ ِٓ ٔبؽ١خ ِٕٙظ ٛ ٚو٠ئخ اٌزؼٍٛ ٚ ُ١و٠ئخ اٌّلهٍ ٓ١ف ٝاٌزؼٍ ُ١اٌزؼٍ ُ١وٍٗ ثىً عٛأجٗ إٌبً ٛبٌؼخ ؽز ٝفو٠غ ِٓ ٓ١اٌغبِؼبد ٚوً ؽبعخ ٌىٓ ث١جئٔ ٝبئٖ ُٙؽبعبد وز١وح ا٠ ٜٚؼٕ ٝفج١جبْ ؽز ٝف ٝاٌْغً ٚاٌّٛظف ٚ ٓ١اٌؾبعبد ك ٜوٍٙب ِؾلُ فبُ٘ ٠ؼٕٝ ِف ِ١اٗ٠؟ ِف ِ١اٌٍ ف ٝاٌزؼٍ ُ١فّؾلُ فبُ٘ ف ٝاٌزؼٍُ١ اٌٍ اٖ ٛت ّب٠ف ؽبٌٍ اْ اكٔ١ب غٍ١ذ ٚال اٗ٠ اٌلٔ١ب غٍ١ذ ٛجؼب ؽبٍَٙب غٍ١ذ اوزو ؽبعخ ف ٝاٗ٠؟ ٠ؼِٕ ٝضال ف ٝاٌؼمبهاد غٍ١ذ ٚاٌؾبعبد ك ٜألْ اٌؾل٠ل غٍ ٚ ٝوً ؽبعخ ٚاٌؾبعبد ثئ ٝاٌزبٔ١خ االوً ثئ ٝثٌ ِؼوفِ اك اٗ٠ اٖ ثٌ وً ؽبعخ غٍ١ذ ٌٛ ٚاٌجٕي ٓ٠غٍ ٚ ٝاٌَٛاله وً كٖ ؽ١غٍ ٝربٔٝ ٛت أذ ّب٠ف َِز ٜٛاٌطت فِٖ ٝو اٗ٠
185
اٌطت اٌطت ثوكِْ ٚىٍخ ِفَِ ِ١زْف١بد وز١و اِ ٚفَِ ِ١زْفبد وز١و ػٍَِ ٝز ٜٛػبٌٍٛ ِٓ ٝاء اٌلوبروح ٔفَ ُٙاٍٛ ٚاء االعٙيح ٚوً ؽبعخ ِ ٚفِ ِ١ىبْ ٍٛاء إٌبً ِِ أكهح اٌطت غبٌ ٝػٍ٠ ُٙ١ئال ؽز ٝإٌبً االغٕ١ب ثوك ِِ ٚلبئُ ٌٚ ُٙ١ ِف ِ١رْق ٔ١ال ف ٝأ ٜؽبعخ ِْ ٚىٍخ وً إٌبً ف ِٖو ٠ؼٕٝ ٚال ف ٝاِ ٗ٠ؼٍِ ا ٗ٠اٌىٍّخ اٌٍ ٝأٌٚزٙب ؟ اٌزْق ٔ١اٌلوبروح ٔفَ ُٙث١ؼل ٚوز١و ػئجبي ِب ث١ؼٍّ ٛرْقٌٍْ ٔ١قٔ كٍ٠غٌٕ ٌ١ٍٛالِواٗ ٔفَٙب ٠ؼٕ ٝإٌبً ثززؼت إال ث١ؼلّٙ ٚو ػئجبي ِب ٠فّٛٙا ّ٘ب وبْ ػٕلُ٘ ا ٗ٠إٔال اٜٛ٠ فلِْ ٜىٍخ ٠ؼٕٝ ٘ ٓٛب ً٠وبْ ف٠ّٛ ٗ١خ ٕٛه ػب٠يح اٚهٙ٠بٌه ٚأذ رئ ٌٍٝٛثزئٛي ػٍٙ١ب ا ٗ٠ف ٝؽ١بره ٠ؼٕٝ رفبػِٖ-بٕبد -ثوط ا٠فً -وبِ١وا -ثلٔغبْ١ٍ -غبهح -عبو١ذٌّ -جخ -رؼجبْ -ثورئبّْ -بّخ ٍٛكاِٛ -ئف ِ١ىوٚثبٍبد -فٕغبْ- ا ٌ٠وو -ُ٠رٛهرخّ -و ٜ٠كٚا-ائوآٍ -بٔل٠ٚزِ -وٛو١ي -اهأت -ثٕب -ً١ٛفواؿ -عؤبْٕٕ -لٚء وور -ْٛوبهر -ْٛثالٍزه- ّ-toiletجبن
)6. MMC (Male
ٛت أٚي ؽبعخ االٍُ ٚاٌّإً٘ اّ ٜٛ٠و٠ف عٛهط ِٕ١ب ثىبٌٛه ًٛ٠رغبهح ػ ٌّّ ٓ١لَُ أغٍ١يٜ ١ٛت ٚثزْزغً ف٠ ٓ١ب ّو٠ف 186
ف ٝاٌجٕه اٌزغبه ٜاٌلٌٝٚ ٛت ٠ب ّو٠ف افجبه ِٖو ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ ػبٍِٗ ِؼبن اٗ٠ ال ّب٠فٙب ِِ وَ٠ٛخ ٛت ِِ وَ٠ٛخ ِٓ ٔبؽ١خ اٗ٠ ِٓ ٔبؽ١خ اْ ِف٠ ِ١ؼٕ ٝأب ّب٠ف اْ اٌٍ ٝث١ؾًٖ كٖ ِٕ١فؼِ ٠ؾًٖ غ١و ف ٝكٌٚخ ِزملِخ اٖ اٌضٛهح ك ٜرؾًٖ ف ٝكٌٚخ ِزملِخ رغ١ت ٔياَ و٠ ٌ٠ٛل٠و اٌجٍل ٌىٓ ٌّب ٠جم ٝصٛهح ٚ ٚها٘ب ٔبً ِِ م ٚػٍُ ٚال مِ ٚإً٘ فىً ؽبعخ ثئذ ٍب٠جخ ١ٛت ا٠ ٌٍٝٚب ّو٠ف أذ ػٕلن ٚالك اٖ ػٕلٜ ٛت ّ٘ب ف ٝاٌّلاهً اٖ أل اٌجٕذ ف ٝاٌّلهٍخ اٌٌٛل ٌَخ ٛت ثبٌَٕجخ ٌٍزؼٍ ُ١فِٖ ٝو ّب٠فٗ ػبًِ اىا ٜكٌٛئزٝ أل ِزغ١وُ ىِ ٜب ٘ٛ ٛجؼب و ٚ ٌ٠ٛال ػب٠ي ٠زؾَٓ ٚال ال ٛجؼب الىَ ٠زؾَٓ الىَ ٠زؾَٓ عيهثب ٠ؼٕٝ ١ٛت ف ٝؽبعخ ِؼٕ١خ ِالؽي٘ب فٛ ٝوء اٌزله ٌ٠ا ٚف ٝإٌّب٘ظ
187
ٛجؼب ٘ٛ ٝوء اٌزلهِ ٌ٠ب ثزؼزّلُ ػٍ ٝاْ اٌطبٌت ْ٠غً كِبغٗ ٠ ٚفىو ٠ ٚجئ ٝفِٕ ٝبلْخ ث ٓ١اٌطوف ٓ١ال كٖ ٘ ٛكىاٍذ ثٌ ث١ل٠ّٛ ٍٛ٠خ ؽبعبد ٠ؾفي٘ب ٠ ٚفّٙٙب ٌ ٛءكه ٠فّٙٙب ٚفالٓ ١ٛت ا ٌٍٝٚثوك ٚاٌىٙوثب ثزئطغ ػٕلو ٚ ٛال أل اٖ ثزئزغ ثٌ ِِ وز١و ١ٛت ٚاٌّ ٗ١ثزئزغ ٚال أل أل اٌّ ٗ١وَ٠ٛخ ٛت ثبٌَٕجخ ٌٍَّزْف١بد ٚاٌلوبروح ٚاالكّ ٗ٠ٚب٠ف اٌقلِخ فِٖ ٝو ػبٍِخ اىاٜ ٘ ٛأب الؽيد اٌؾئ١ئخ ثبٌَٕجخ ٌالكٚك٠خ اْ ف ٝاك٠ٚخ وز١و ِجئزِ أب ٛجؼب ِب ثْزو ِ٠وً االك٠ٚخ ثٌ ثٕبء ػٍ ٝاٌزغوثخ ٠ؼٕ ٝأب ّقٖ١ب اْ ف ٝاك٠ٚخ وز١وح ِبثئزِ ِٛعٛكح ٚفٙ١ب ثلٙ١ٌ ً٠ب ٚاٌجل ً٠غبٌٝ اٖ ػٍ ٝاٍبً كح اْ اٌجل ً٠ث١جئ ٝؽبعخ َِزٛهكح ٠ؼٕٝ اٖ اٌؾبعخ اٌٍ ٝوبٔذ ثَؼو وِ ٌ٠ٛجئزِ ِٛعٛكح ٚثلاٌٙب اٌّٛعٛك اٌَّزٛهك ٚكٖ ٍؼوٖ ػبٌٝ ٚكٖ ِْىٍخ ٚثبٌٕجخ ٛجؼب ٌٕبً ِؼ١ٕ١خ ٠ؼٕٝ ٛجؼب ٛ٘ ٚثياد ٌّب االك٠ٚخ رجئ ٝغبٌ١خ ٠ؼٕ ٝأب ِو٠ذ ثزغوثخ اْ وبْ ف ٝكٚا وٕذ ٚائف ِوح ف١ٕ ٝلٌٚ ٚ ٗ١اؽلح كفٍذ رَأي ػٍ ٝكٚا فأٌٙب اٌّٖوِٛ ِِ ٞعٛك ف ٝاٌَّزٛهك ٛت اٌّٖو ٜثىبَ أٌٙب ثّ١خ ٚفَّ ٚ ٓ١اٌَّزٛك ثىبَ ثقَّّ١خ ٠بٖ ٛجؼب اهلبَ فٍى ٛ٘ ٚ ٗ١الىَ ٛجؼب ٠قلٖٚ او١ل ف ٝاِواٗ ِؼٕ١خ ِ١زؾٍّ ُٛاو١ل
188
ثيث ٚ ٜاالٍؼبه فالىَ اٌلٚا ١٠غٝ ٛجؼب ٛت أ٠ ٌٍٝٚب ّو٠ف أذ ّب٠ف اْ اٌَزٍذ فِٖ ٝو ٚافلح ؽئٙب إ ٗ٠لئ ٕٝ١أب ِِ ّب٠ف ثبٌَٕجخ ٌٍطجمخ اٌٍ ٝىىٚ ٝافل ٓ٠ؽئٌ ُٙىٓ ِّىٓ ٠ى ْٛاٌطجمخ االئً هللا ف ٝاٌو٠ف ٚاٌٍَِ ٝزٛا٘ب اٌؼٍّ ٝثزبػٙب أِّ ً١ٌٚىٓ ٠ىٛٔٛا ِِ ٚافلٛ ٓ٠جؼب ١ٛت ّ١ف أب ؽَأٌه ٍإاي غو٠ت ّ٠ٛخ ا ٗ٠اوزو فٚبه ثزؾجٗ؟ ثبٌٕجبٌ ٝاٌقٚبه اٌفبٕ١ٌٛب ١ٛت ٚاوذ فبوٙخ ثزؾجٙب؟ اٌّبٔغخ ١ٛت ّ ٌٛ ٚوثذ ؽبعخ ٍبئؼخ رْوة اٗ٠؟ اّوة ػٖ١و ٍِىِ ف ٝاٌٖٛكا ٠ؼٕ ٝاٌّْوٚثبد اٌغبى٠خ ٚولٖ ال ِبٌ ِ١فٙ١ب ؽبعبد ٛج١ؼ١خ ٕ ٚؾ١خ اوزو اٖ افو ؽبعخ ٠ب ّو٠ف فِ ٝغّٛػخ ولح ِٓ اٌٖٛه أب ؽٛاهٙ٠بٌه فجٌ أذ ؽزجٔ ػٍ ٝاٌٖٛهح ٚرئ ٌٍٝٛثزإي ػٍٙ١ب اٗ٠ ثبٌؼبِ ٝثبٌّٖو٠ ٜؼٕٝ رّبَ
189
رفبػِٖ-بٕبد -ثوط ا٠فً -وبِ١وا -ثلٔغبْ١ٍ -غبهح -عبو١ذٌّ -جخ -رؼجبْ -ثورئبّْ -بّخ ٍٛكاِٛ -ئف ِ١ىوٚثبٍبد -فٕغبْ- ا ٌ٠وو -ُ٠رٛهرخّ -و ٜ٠كٚا-ائوآٍ -بٔل٠ٚزِ -وٛو١ي -اهأت -ثٕب -ً١ٛفواؿ -عؤبْٕٕ -لٚء وور -ْٛوبهر -ْٛثالٍزه- ّ-toiletجبن
7.6 Appendix F: Transcripts of Middle Middle Class Women )1. MMC (Female
ً :ؽٚوره ِؼٍِ ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛػٍ ٟاٌٖٛه ك ٞربٟٔ؟ ط١ّ :جبن ،ثبٔزبٌٔٛبدٍ ٚ ،بٔلٚرِ (أغٍ١يٛ ٚ )ٞؼّ ،ٗ١ك ٞػٍت رالعٗ ٚكٖ ٍٕلٚء ثٛوٌ ،وبهر ٚ ٗٔٛكٖ اٌغؤبْ ٠ؼٕ ٚ ٟكٖ فٕغبي ّب ٞأ ٚئ ٖٛٙوبف ٗ١ولٖٚ ،ك ٞاٌّفو ٗٚكٖ ِ١لاْ ِ١ىوٚثَبد ٠ؼٕ ٚ ٟولٖ. ً ٌٗٔٛ :اٗ٠؟ ط :اإلٍٛك ٠ؼٕ ٚ ٟكٖ األٚهٔظ ثورئبٌّْ ،جٗ ،رؼجبْ٠ٍٛ ،زو(أظ)ٍ ،غب٠و،عبوذ (أظ) ،أهأت ،ثلٔغبْ ،ثوط ا٠ف،)Eivel ( ً١ ك ٞوبِ١وا ً ٌٗٔٛ :ا ٗ٠اٌجزٕغبْ؟ ط :ئٍٛك اٌّفو٠ ٗٚؼٕ٠ ٟجئ ٟئٍٛك ػٍ ٝثوثً ولٖ ،ك ٞاٌّٖبٕٗ ٚاٌزٛفبػ ،أز ِِ ٟػب٠يٖ ئٔغٍ ِِ ِ١ولٖ ػب٠يٖ ػوث،ٟ ػب٠يٖ وٍٗ ػوث.ٟ ً٠ :ؼٕ ٟثواؽزه طٛ :بة كٖ ٠زئبي ئىا٠ ٞزئبي ئٔغٍِ١ ً :أٖ أٙ١ٌٚب 190
ط :ر١ٍ٠ٛذ كٖ ًٛ :بة ؽٚوره َ٘ئٍه ّ٠ٛخ أٍئٍٗ؟ أٚن؟ أ ٞؽبعٗ ؽٚوره ػب٠يٖ رزىٍّ ٟفٙ١ب .ئِ ٌٟ ٌٟٛضال ؽٚوره ثزؼٍَِّ ٟئؼٗ؟ ط :أو١ل ،كٖ أٔب ٘ئٌٛه ٕٚفٗ عل٠لٖ وّبْ ٛ٘ .اٌّفو ٗٚاٌَّئؼٗ ،اٌّفو ٗٚئْ ئٔز ٟثزؾّو ٞاٌجزٕغبْ ف ٟاٌي٠ذ ٚثزىٍّ ٟأل ك ٞثلي ِب ثزؾّو ٞاٌجزٕغبْ ِّىٓ ثزلٕ٘ ٟاي ...ثزئطؼ ٟاٌجزٕغبْ ؽٍئبد ٚثزلٕ٘ ٗ١ولٖ ثبٌفوّٗ ثزلٕ٘ ٗ١ى٠ذ ٚرلفٍ ٗ١اٌفوْ ٚ ثؼل ولٖ ...ػْبْ ث١جئ ٝأفف ّ ٚ ٗ٠ٛثؼل ولٖ ٚثؼل ولٖ ر١غ ٟػبٍِٗ اٌٖ ٓٛثزبػ ُٙث١جئ ٝثًٖ ِغ ىثلٖ أ ٚى٠ذ ٚرٚ َٛ ّٛب ٚ ُٛر١غ ٟػبٍِٗ هائخ ثزٕغبْ ٚرئ ِٟٛػبٍِٗ ػٖبط ٌؾّٗ ِفو ِٗٚثًٖ ثوّٛ ٚ ٖٛٙب ٚ ُٛولٖ ٚر١غ ٟػبٍِخ هائخ ٌؾّٗ ِفو ٚ ِٗٚاٌوائٗ اٌزبٔ ٗ١ثزٕغبْ ٚثؼل ٓ٠ر١غ ٟؽب ٗٛاٌٖ ٓٛػٍ ُٙ١وٍٗ ِ ٚلفال٘ب اٌفوْ ٚرجئ ٝعّ.ٍٗ١ ًٛ :ت ؽٚوره ػٕلن أٚالك ف ٟاٌّلهٍٗ؟ ط :فِ ٟلهٍٗ ٚف ٟعبِؼٗ أٖ ً :ف ٟعبِؼٗ؟ ٍٓ ا ٗ٠ثئٝ؟ ط :ف ٟفزبٔ ٗ١عبِؼٗ ٍ ٚبٔ ٗ٠ٛػبِٗ ٚأ ٌٝٚئػلاكٞ ًّ :ب٠فٗ ف ٟفوء ث ٓ١اٌزؼٍ ُ١ىِبْ ٚكٌٛئزٟ؟ طٛ :جؼب! وً ٍٕٗ ٠ؼٕ ِٓ ِِ ٟىِبْ وً ٍٕٗ ثزفوء فبٌزؼٍ ُ١أٔب ػٕل ٞاٌٛالك ىِ ٞب ثئٛي ٌؾٚوره ف ٟربٔ ٗ١عبِؼٗ ٚفٟ ٍبٔ ٗ٠ٛػبِٗ ِضال فوء رئو٠جب ٍٕز ٓ١أ ٚرالرٗ ٛجؼب ف ٟفوء وج١و أٖ ً٠ :ؼٕ ٟى ٞا ،ٗ٠اٌفوء ث ٓ١اٌىجبه ٚاٌٖغ١وٓ١٠؟ ط :اٌىجبه اٌٍّ٘ ٟب اٗ٠؟ اٌٛالك ث ٚ ُٕٙ١ث ٓ١ثؼ٘ ٠ؼٕ ٚ ٟاٌال اؽٕب ّ٘ ٚب ٚاٌال ئٗ٠؟ ًٚ :الك ؽٚوره اٌٍ ٟفبٌغبِؼٗ ِضال ٚاٌٛالك اٌٖغ١وٓ١٠؟ ط :كٌٛئز ٟؽبٍٗ أ ٟفٛٔ ٟع ِٓ اإلٍزٙزبه ّ ِٓ ٗ٠ٛاٌطٍجٗ .اٌّلهٍٗ ٛجؼب كٚه٘ب ِفِ ِ١لهٍٗ فبٌٔ ِف ِ١كٚه اٌّلهٍٗ فبٌٔ اإلػزّبك األوجو ػٍ ٝاٌله ًٚاٌٛالك ٔفََِ ُٙزٙزو ٓ٠فبٚفلٕٙ٠ب وأٔٙب رٙو٠ظ ولٖ ِف ِ١ئؽٕب ىِبْ وبْ 191
اٌَبٔ ٗ٠ٛػبِٗ ٍبٔ ٗ٠ٛػبِٗ ٠ؼٕ٠ ٟجئ ٝفَِ ٟال ئرٕبّو ٍبػٗ ِٛىاووح ٚال ؽبعٗ ألأل كٌٛئزِ ٟب ف ِ١ؽبعٗ فبٌٔ ....أفو َٛ٠اإلِزؾبْ .ف ٟئٍزٙزبه ػٍ ٝأٍبً ك ٞثوعؼٙب ّ٠ىٓ ػٍ ٝأٍبً ئػزّبكُ٘ كٌٛئز ٟػٍ ٟاٌغبِؼبد اٌقبٕٗ ٚأ١٘ ُٙلفٍٛا عبِؼبد فبٕٗ .أػزمل ٠ؼٕ ٟكٖ ٘ ٛاٌَجت. ً٠ :ؼّٕ ٟب٠فٗ ٔؼًّ ئٗ٠؟ ٍٖٔؼ اٌزؼٍ ُ١ئىاٞ؟ طٍٖٔ :ؼ اٌزؼٍ ُ١ئىا ٞأل ٛجؼب ٠ؼٌٕ ٟألٍف ك ٞػٍّٕ ٗ١ؼجٗ علا ،ألْ ٘ ٟكِٕ ٞظ ِٗٛوبٍِٗ .أٚال أٚي ؽبعٗ ىِبْ ّ٠ىٓ أوزو ٚاٌغ ً١اٌٍ ٟأثٍٕ١ب وّبْ ٚاٌىالَ كٚح وبْ اٌَجت ف ٟئْ ف ٟرؼٍ ُ١و ٚ ٌ٠ٛاٌىالَ كٚح .ئؽزواَ اٌطٍجٗ ٔفٌٍَ ُٙزؼٍٚ ُ١ اٌّلهً٠ .ؼٕ ٟػبهفٗ ،ئؽٕب ىِبْ وٕب ٔقبف ّْٔ ِٓ ٟعٕت اٌْبهع اٌٍ ٟف ٟاٌّلهً ِبّ ٟف ٚ ٗ١اٌىالَ كٚح أل كٌٛئز ٟثئ ٝفٛٔ ٟع ِٓ اي٘ ..ئٛي ئ ٗ٠كٖ كٌٛئز ٟاٌطٍجٗ ِغ اٌّلهٍ ٓ١ؽبعٗ ٠ؼٕ ٟهثٕب َ٠زو٘ب ِف ِ١أٛٔ ٞع ِٓ ايِ...بؽلُ ئبي٠...جئ ٝف ٟرفبػً ثٚ ُٕٙ١ث ٓ١ثؼ٘ اإلرٕ ٚ ٓ١ف ٟػاللٗ ١ٛجٗ ٚاٌىالَ كٖ ٌىٓ كٌٛئزِٕ ٟز ٝٙاإلٍزٙزبه ىِ ٞب ثئٛي ٌؾٚورهِ ،ب ف ِ١ئؽزواَ٠ ،ؼِٕ ٟب رفوئِ ِؼبٖ٠ ،ؼٕ ِِ ٟفبهئٗ ِؼبٖ أٗ ٠ؼًّ ٘ٚ َٛهن أ٠ ٚغ١ت كهعٗ وِ َٗ٠ٛب ٠غ١جِ كٖ هاعغ ثوٛٙا ٌّٛٙٛع اٌله ًٚاٌقٖ ٗ١ٕٛئٔ ٟأٛ ٞبٌت ِؼزّل أٗ ٘ ِِ ٛث١بفل فٟ اٌّلهٍٗ أل ٘ ٛث١بفل كهً فج١زؼٍُ ثفٍ ٍٗٛىِ ٞب ث١ئ٠ ٌٗٛؼٕ.ٟ ً١ٛ :ت ؽٚوره ثزْزغٍٟ؟ ط:أل ً٠ :ؼٕ ٟكٖ اٍ ًٙف ٟرظج ٜ١اٌٛئذ؟ ط :ال ثبٌؼىٌِ ،ز١ٙبٌ ٟئٔ ٟاٌٍ ٟثزْزغً ث١جئٚ ٝئزٙب ِٕظُ اوزو ٠ؼٕ ٟأػزمل .ثلٌ ً١أٔ ٟأٔب ث١جئٚ ٝها ٗ٠ؽبعٗ فبهعٗ فٙ١ب كهً ا ٞؽبعٗ ِضال فوٚط ٚال ؽبعٗ ثجئِٕ ٝظّٗ ٚئز ٟأوزو ٌىٓ ئٔزٌّ ٟب ثزجئ ٟئبػلٖ ف ٟاٌج١ذ ث١جئ ٝفٛٔ ٗ١ع ّ ِٓ ٗ٠ٛئْ ئٔز ٟاٌٍِ ٟبرؼٍّْ ٟكٌٛئز٠ ٟزؼًّ وّبْ ّ ٗ٠ٛفبّ٘ٗ ٌىٓ ئٔز ٟأل ِٕظّٗ ئٔز ٟػبهفٗ ٘زٕيٌ ٟاٌَبػٗ وبَ ٘ز١غ ٟاٍبػٗ وبَ الىَ رؾٚو ٞاألوً ِضال ػٍْبْ اٌٛالك عب ٓ١٠اٌَبػٗ ويا فجزجئٗ ثبٌؼىٌ اٌٍ ٟثزْزغً ث١جئٗ ٚئزٙب ِٕظُ أوزو ٠ؼٕ.ٟ ًِ :وٍّ ٟ١ىوا
192
)2. MMC (Female ط :رجغ وٍٗ١ ً :اٌلوزٛهاٖ ثزبػز ٟفغبِؼخ اٌمب٘وح ،أٔب ف ٟأكاة ئٔغٍ ،ِ١ثٌ ٘ٛاٌجؾش كٖ ٕ٘ىزجٗ ثبإلٔغٍ ِ١ثٌ ئؽٕب ػبٍِ ٕٗ١ثبٌؼوث٠ ٟؼٕٟ ط٠ :ؼٕ ٟرؼوف ٚ ٟثؼل ٓ٠رزوعّٟ ً :أٖٛ ،بة ؽٚوره األٚي ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛرؼٍّ١ه ئٗ٠؟ ط :أٔب َ٘غً ،رغبهٖ. ً١ٛ :ت ٍٓ ٚؽٚوره؟ ط :فَّٗ ٚفَّٓ١ ً :ؽٚوره ثئ ٝئّ ٌٟ ٌٟٛب٠فٗ ئ ٗ٠فبٌٖٛه؟ ط :كٖ ٍبٔلٚرِ ٚكٖ كٛ ٞؼّ ٗ١ال ٚاٌٍّ ٟٙىٍٙب ّ١ه علا ِِ ى ٞاٌٍ ٟثززجبع ،كٖ رٛاٌ١ذ (فؤَب ،)ٞٚرٛفبػ أفٚو ٚأؽّو ٚإٔفو ٚئ ٗ٠كِٖ ٞبٕٗ ،ثزٕ١غبْ ،ثوط ئ٠فً ،ثزٕ١غبْ ػو ًٚثبمٔغبْ ئٔز ٟػبىاٖ ئ ٗ٠ثزٕ١غبْ ٚال ثبمٔغبْ ً :اٌٍ ٟؽٚوره رئٗ١ٌٛ؟ ٌ ٗٔٛئ ٗ٠اٌجزٕغبْ؟ ط :ئٍٛك ،أهأت ثٍل ٞك ٞثٍلٕ ٞؼ؟ ِِ ػٕٙ١ب ؽّوا أهأت ٚفالٓ ١ٍ ،غبهٖ ٚعبوذ(أغٍ١يٌّ ٚ )ٞجٗ ،صٛػجبْ ً :أل ػبكٞ ط :رؼجبْ ،ثورئبْ ،ئ ٗ٠اإلٍٛك كٖ؟ ً :ئٍٛك ٠ؼٕ ٌٗٔٛ ٟئٍٛك. ط :ثٌ ولٖ ِ١ىوٚثبً١ِ ،ىوٚثبٍ١ي (أغٍ١ي١ِ ،)ٞىوٚثبىٚ ،اؽل عبٔ ٟئبٌٍ ٟأٔب عب ٞفبٌّ١ىوٚثبى ،فٕغبي َٔ١ىبف ٗ١كٖ أ ٚأ٘.ٖٛ ً :فِ ٓ١ؾط ٗٛٛف ٟئٗ٠؟ 193
ط :فٕغبي فٕغبْ ،فواؿ كِ ٞيهػٗ كِ ٞيهػخ فواؿ ٚعؤبْ كٖ ئ ٗ٠كٖ؟ ً :عؤبْ ٕؼ ط :أل ثْٛف ثزبع ئ ٗ٠عؤبي ئ ،ٗ٠ػٍت رالعٗ ٚك ٞثٛوٌ وور ٗٔٛػٍجخ ؽبعٗ ٠ؼٕ ،ٟثٕطبٌٔٛبدّٛ ٚ ،ثبن ثٌ. ً :أٚو ٟؽٚوره ئِ ٌٟ ٌٟٛضال ثزؼٍّ ٟاٌَّئؼٗ ئىاٞ؟ ثزؼٍَِّ ٟئؼٗ؟ ط :أٖ فبٌٖ١بَ ٌّب ثٕجئٕ ٝب ٓ١ّ٠ثؼًّ َِئؼٗ ًٛ :ت ئىاٛ ٞو٠ئزٙب ط :اٌجزٕ١غبْ ٚثئطؼٗ ٚثئٍ ٚ ٗ١ثؼل..ٓ٠اٌجزٕ١غبْ اٌو ٚ ِٟٚثؼل ٓ٠ر ِٗٛفٔ ر َٛفٕئطخ٠ّٛ ..خ ى٠ذ ٚثؼل ٓ٠أؽ ٜاألٗٛٚ ػٖ١و األ ٚ ٗٛٚثؼل ٓ٠أؽ ٜثئٗ رزَجه ٚثؼل ٓ٠أؽ ٜاٌجزٕغبْ فبٌٖ ٚ ٗ١ٕ١ثطبِ ٌٛؼبٖ ٚفٍفً ؽبِ ٟثٌ ٚأكفٍٙب اٌفوْ. ً١ٛ :ت ػٕلن أٚالك؟ ط :ػٕل ٞأٔلهِ ٚ ٚبهٛ٠ ً :ث١وٚؽٛا اٌّلهٍٗ؟ ط :أل كٚي فٍٖٛا عبِؼٗ .أٔلهٚا ِٕٙلً ثْ١زغً ٚفٍٔ عِ ٚ ِ١به ٛ٠أفو ر١وَ فّٛكهْ أوبك ّٟ٠ف ئٕ٠فٛهِ ْٓ١رىٌٕٛٛعٟ ًٛ :بة ؽٚوره ثزْزغٍٟ؟ ط :أل ً :ؽٚوره وبْ ِٛ٠ه ػبًِ ئىا ّٗ٘ ٚ ٞث١لهٍٛا؟ ط :فبٌغبِؼٗ ٚال فبٌّلهٍٗ؟ ً٠ :ؼٕ ٟاٌٍ ٟئٔز ٟػب٠ياٖ 194
ط :فبٌغبِؼٗ ػبك ٞفبٌٔ وأِٔ ِِ ُٙمِ ٓ١ّ١ؼب٠ب (ػىٌ ئبػل ١٠ٚب ،)ٗ٠اٌَّئ ٗ١ٌٛهاؽذِ ،فَِ ِ١ئٌ ٗ١ٌٛىٓ ف ٟاٌّلهٍٗ أل أ٠بَ اٌلهاٍٗ ك ٞوبد فظ١ؼٗ ٠ؼٕٔ ٟبىٌٗ ٛ ٚبٌؼٗ كه ٚ ًٚهاؽٗ ِ ٚلهٍٗ ٔ ٚوٚػ ٔٛكٞ ًٕ٠ :فغ اٌَذ رْزغً ٟ٘ٚػٕل٘ب أٚالك ٚثزٛك ُٙ٠كهًٚ؟ ط :أٖ وٍ ُٙثْ١زغٍٛا ئال أٔب ًٛ :بة اٌٛئذ ػبًِ ئىاٞ؟ ط :كٖ ػٕلُ٘ ٚئذ عبِل أ٠ ٞٚؼِٕٕ ٟظّ ٓ١علا ػٓ اٌٍ ٟأػلٖ فبٌج١ذ ثىوٖ ئٔز ٟد... ًٛ :ت ؽٚوره ِِ ...ػبهفٗ أٔب ولٖ ِ ِِ ٚالؽئٗ ط ٚ :أٔب ِب وٕزِ ِالؽئٗ ثٌ اٌّٛظفٗ ثزجئِٕ ٝظّٗ علا ًٛ :ت ؽٚوره ئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه فّٖو ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ ط :فٍِ ٟٕ١ؼج ٗ١أٔب ئِجبهػ ِب ٗ١ٙئٍزّبهح رّوك ً :ؽٚوره ٕ٠فغ ػبٌٕذ؟ ط :أل أٔب ؽل عبثٙبٌ ٟأٔبوٕذ ػٓ ٔبً أه٠ج ٚ ٟعب٠ج ٓ١وّ ٗ١فقلد ثزبػزٚ ٟأرىٍّذ ف ٟاٌز١ٍ١ف ٟٕ١ٍِ ْٛهلُ أٔب ػٕل ٞف ٟاٌج١ذ ١َٔ ٚذ أع١جٙب ِؼب٠ب ٘ ٛاٌّٚبْ ئٔه رٍَّٙ١ب ٌؾل ٕؼ ِِ غٍ.ٜ )3. MMC (Female ً :ؽٚوره األٚي ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛرؼٍّ١ه ئٗ٠؟ ط :أٔب رغبهح ػ ٌّّ ٓ١فٍٖذ فالٓ ٠ؼٕٟ ً ٚ :ثزْزغٍٟ؟ ط :أٖ ٕؾفٗ١ 195
ً١ٛ :ت ٚػٕلن وبَ ٍٕٗ ثئٝ؟ ط :اهثؼٗ ٚػْوٓ٠ ً١ٛ :ت ئٛي ٌّ ٟب٠فٗ ئ ٗ٠ف ٟاٌٖٛه اٚوٗ١؟ ط :أٚو ،ٗ١ك ٞػٍت ثٕؾ ٜفٙ١ب األوً ٕؼ؟ عجٓ ثئٗ ػٕلٔب فبٌج١ذ ثٕؾ ٜفٙ١ب اٌغجٓٛ ،بة ك ٚ ٟ٘ ٟ٘ ٞال ئٗ٠؟ أٖ أٚو ،ٗ١كٞ ؽبعٗ ٚك ٞؽبعٗ ،أٖ كٖ ٍٕلٚء ِئفٛي ثٕؾ ٜثئ ٝف ٗ١اٌْ١جَِ ٟضال ٚاٌؾبعبد ك ،ٞأٚوٗ١؟ كٖ ٍبٔلٚرِ (أغٍ١ي)ٞ عجٕٗ ٚ ،ك ٞئ ٗ٠ةءٖ و١ىٗٛ ،ؼّ ،ٗ١ئ ٗ٠كٖ كٛ ٞؼّٗ١؟ ً :أِّ ٚىٓ رىٕٛ ْٛهح ئ ٗ٠ربِٔ ٟضال؟ ط :اٌٍ ٟ٘ ٟاٌّقجٛىاد ك ٞاٌٍ ٟ٘ ٟثزجئٚ ِِ ٟ٘ ٝاٙؾٗ ا ،ٞٚك٘ب ٔئٛي ئ ٗ٠رٛاٌ١ذ ً :أٖ ط :ثٌ ولٖ؟ ثزٕغبْ، ً ٌٗٔٛ :ئٗ٠؟ ط :ئٍٛك ٚكٖ ثوط ئ٠فٕ ً١ؼ ٚ ،ك ٞوبِ١واِٖ ،بٕٗ ٚ ،رٛفبػ أٌٛاْ ثئ ٝوً أٌٛأٗ ِبّبء هللا ٚكٖ أهأتٍ ،غب٠و١ٍ ،غبهٖ ٚاؽلٖ ٚ ،كٖ عبوذ ،رؼجبْ ٌّ ٚجٗ ٚكٖ ثورئبْ ٚئ ٗ٠كٖ؟ ئٍٛك ٚك١ِ ٞىوٚثبٍبد ىؽّٗ ِضال ٔبً وز١و أئٛي ولٖ ِضال، ئٖٛٙ ًِ :ؾط ٗٛٛف ٟئٗ٠؟ ط :فٕغبْ ئ ٚ ٖٛٙك ٞفواؿ ٚ ،عوا٠ل ،عؤبْ ٚكٖ ّجبن ،ك ٞئ ٗ٠ثٕب ً١ٛثٌ ولٖ فالٓ ٕؼ؟ ً :أٖ ثٌ ِّىٓ أٍأٌه٠ ،ؼٕ ٟئِ ٌٟ ٌٟٛضال ثزؼوف ٟرؼٍَِّ ٟئؼٗ؟ ط :أل
196
ًٛ :ت أُ٘ ِىٔٛبرٙب ط :ثزٕغبْ ٍٖٕٗ ٚأ٠ ٗٛٚؼٕ ،ٟئ ٗ٠ربٟٔ؟ ثًٖ ٚر ٚ َٛفٍفً ِّىٓ ٌؾّٗ ِفوِٗٚ ً١ٛ :ت ئ ٌٍٟٛئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه فِٖ ٟو ثؼل اٌضٛهح؟ ط :ثٙلٌٗ اٌؾئ١ئٗ ِجٙلٌٗ ،وً ؽزٗ ِجٙلٌٗ، ً١ٛ :ت إٌٛه ث١ئطغ ػٕلوٛا؟ ط :ئؽٕب ٌَٗ وٕب أػل ٓ٠ف ٟوٍٛزب ٔ ٚيٌٕب ِِ ػبهفٔ ٓ١لفغ ثئٍٕب ٍبػٗ اػل ٓ٠فٛء ،وٍٛزب ٕ٘ب ،إٌٛه ئفً أػلٔب ٍبػٗ ٚإٌبً وٍٙب أػلٖ ف ٟاٌ ٚ ٍّٗٚوّبْ ِب ف ِ١رى١١ف ٚاٌَغب٠و ّغبٌٗ ػبك ٞإٌبً ّغبٌٗ ٍغب٠و ِب وٕبُ ػبهفٔ ٓ١زٕفٌ ثٌ .ثؼل ولٖ ثوكٔ ٚيٌٕب ٚإٌٛه ِبعبُ ٠ؼٕ ٟئؽٕب ٔيٌٕب ػبٍِٛا ةءٚ ٜاؽل ٚاؽل ث١لفغ ثٌ ثطئئٗ أ ٞٚػْبْ ِفِ١ ٍَ١زُ ٠ؼٕ ٟفبّ٘ٗ ئبٕل. ًٛ :ت ئ ٌٍٟٛئٔز ٟؽَ١ز ٟئْ اٌؾ١بٖ ثئذ أغٍٝ؟ ط :أٖ ٛجؼب أغٍ ٝعلا ،كٖ ؽز ٝاألك ٚ ٗ٠ٚاٌّ١ىبة ،وً ؽبعٗ غٍ١ذ ،ئٍز١واك ،اإلٍز١واك ثزبػٙب ٛجؼب أهرفغ أٍؼبه٘ب فىً ؽبعٗ غٍ١ذ ٚاٌّورجبد ِب ّبء هللا ئٍذ .ال ئٍذ ٚاٌٍ ٟٙفٔ ٟبً ئٍٍذ ػٍْبْ٠ ...ؼٕ ٟأٔب فؼال أٔب وٕذ ثئج٘ هلُ ئٌٍٍٟٛ١ ِز ٓ١عٕ ٗ١رٌٛزّ١ذ عٕ ٗ١ػْبْ ِبفِ ٚ ِ١ضال ئ٠ ،ٗ٠ئج ٟٔٛٚأٚي اٌْٙو ٔٔ اٌّورت ٚثؼل ٓ٠ئ ٗ٠ف ٔٔ ٟاٌْٙو إٌٔ اٌزبٔ ٟهٚثؼبد ػٍٖٔ ٝبد ولٖ ٠ؼِٕ ٟأٍبٖ ً١ٛ :ت رفزىو ٞئْ اٌجٕذ ٚافلٖ ؽئٙب ٕ٘ب فِٖ ٟو اٌّوأٖ ٠ؼٕٟ؟ ط :أٖ ،كٚ ٞافلٖ ؽئٛئٙب عبِل٠ ،ؼِٕ ٟجورؼ ٓ١عبِل أٔب ثؾٌ ثىلٖ اٌؾئ١ئٗ ٚفىً اٌجٛ١د وّبْ ثؾٌ ئْ اٌَذ ِِ ِمٙوٖ ثئٗ اٌؾبعبد ك ٞأل ِب ثئزِ ِٛعٛكٖ اٌؾبعبد كّ٠ ٞىٓ ػْبْ أٔب ؽ١بر ٟولٖ ِّىٓ رى ْٛثئ ٝف ٟأِبوٓ ربِٔ ٗ١قزٍفٗ. ًِ :وٍ ٟ١علا طِ :وٍٟ١
197
)4. MMC (Female
ً :ؽٚوره األٚي ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛرؼٍّ١ه ٌؾل فٓ١؟ ط :أٔب فلد ثىبٌٛه ًٛ٠ػٍ ٚ َٛروث ٚ ٗ١فلد كثٍ َٛفبٓ روث ٚ ٗ١ػبٍِذ اٌّبعَز١و ثٌ ِبوٍّزِ ًٛ :ت ٚؽٚوره ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕٗ؟ ط :ػٕل ٞأهثؼٗ ٚفبَِٓ١ ً١ٛ :ت ؽٚوره ثزْزغٍٟ؟ ط :أٖ ثْزغً كٌٛئز ٟثئ١ذ ٔظوح ِلهٍٗ ثٌ ثلهً وّبْ ً :ئ ٗ٠اٌفوء ث ٓ١اٌَذ اٌٍ ٟثزْزغً ٚاٌٍِ ٟب ثزْزغٍِ؟ ط :ف ٟاٌج١ذ ٘ ٛفوء وج١و .اٌَذ اٌٍ ٟثزْزغً اٌٍ ٟثِ ثزْزغً وَالٔٗ ٠ؼٕ ٟرٖؾ ِٓ ٝإٌ َٛػٍٚ ٝاؽلٖ ارٕ ٓ١رالرٗ رجلأ رْٛف ث١زٙب ف ٟفّٛي رزىً ػٍ ٝعٛى٘ب ِِ ْٔ١طٗ اٌْغً ث١ل ٞؽ ٚ ٗ٠ٛ١ث١لْٔ ٞب ٚ ٛث١ل ٞصمٗ ثبٌٕفٌ ٚث١لٞ ئػزّبك ػبٌٕفٌ ٠ؼِٕ ٟبرَزٕ ِ١ئٔه رجئ ٟربفل ٞفٍ ِٓ ًٛعٛىن أل ئٔزِ ٟؼبوَِ ٟزمٍٗ ِبك٠ب ثزل٠ىّ ٟقِٖ ٗ١غ اٌيٚط فبٌج١ذ ئّٔب اِب ثزجئ ٟئبػلٖ ف ٟاٌج١ذ ؽبٍٗ ئٔ ٟاٌٛاؽلٖ ئبػلٖ ِبٌٙبُ الىِٗ ،ف ٟئِبهٖ٠ ،ؼل ٠زأِو ػٍٙ١ب. ثْٛف ِغ إٔؾبث ٟولٖ اٌٍِ ِِ ّٗ٘ ٟزغٛى٠ .ٓ٠ؼٕ ٟأٔب وٕذ ػٕل ٕبؽجز ٟاألٔز ُ١إٌٙبهكٖ ٕلفٗ ٠ؼٕ ،ٟأٚي ِب ّبفزٕ ٟؽٕٚزٕ ٚ ٟأػلد رج ٚ ٍٟٕٛػ١ب ٛػ١ب ٛػ١ب ،ٛث١يٌٕ ٟػْبْ ٠لِٖ ٟٕ٠وٚف اٌج١ذ ،ػبِالٌٗ ِّجبه ئِجبهػ ػب٠يٖ ِٙو ٞهِبٖ ف ّٟٛهغُ ئْ ِ٘ ٟضمفٗ ٠ؼٕ ٟثٌ أػل٘ب فبٌج١ذ ،اٌفواؿ ِِ َِزِ ِِ ،ٗ٠ٛزؾّوٖ و ،ٌ٠ٛأٔب ِؼب٠ب ِب ٠ؼٍّْ ٟولٖ ٠ؼٕ ٟثبّزغً ٚػبهف ّغٍ ٟث١جئ ٝثو١ٌ ٛٙىٙٚ ٟؼه ٚ ،افلٖ ثبٌه ثٌ. ً :ثٌ ث١جئ ٝرٕظ ُ١اٌٛئذ ٕؼت.
198
ط :أل ،أٔب إًٔ أٍأٌ ٟثٕز ٟأ٘ٗ ٌلهعخ ئٔ ٟأٔب أػًّ ئوائ ِ١فبٌج١ذ ِب ثْزو ِ٠ؽبعبد َ اٌفوْ ،وً ؽبعٗ ِب ثْزو ِ٠ؽبعٗ عب٘يٖ أثلا ٠ؼٕ ٟثبثئِ ٝقٍٖٗ أوٍ ٟاٌَبػٗ ٍجؼٗ اٌٖجؼ ئجً ِب أٔيي .أٔب ثل ٞكه٠ ،ًٚؼٕ ٟث١جئ ٝػٕلن ّغٍه ٚ ػٕلن كهٍٚه ٚػٕلن رؾ١ٚو ٌٍله ًٚثزبػزه فبٌّلهٍٗ ٟ٘ .ػٍّ ٗ١رٕظْٔ ٗ١ّ١ب٠ ٛؼٕ ٟاٌٛاؽل ٠قِ ثٙلِٗٚ ػبٌّطجـّٛ ،فز ٟٕ١ئٔٙبهكٖ ئِٛذ كافٍٗ ػبٌّطجـ ثٌٛغ ػٍ ٝاٌِّ ػبهفٗ ئ ٗ٠ئجً ِب أئٍغ .ئٔز ٟثزْزغٍٟ؟ ً :أٔب ثلهً ى ٞؽٚوره ،فبٌغبِؼٗ اٌجو٠طبٔ ٚ ٗ١اٌزلهِ ٌ٠ؾزبط ِغٛٙك ثوٛٙ ط ٟ٘ :ػٍِّ ٗ١زؼجٗ علا فبٕخ أ٠بَ اإلِزؾبٔبد كٌٛئز.ٟ ً :ؽٚوره ئ ٍٟ١ٌٛاٌٖٛه ثئٝ ط :كٖ ٛجؼب ٍٕلٚء ِّىٓ ثزْ ٍٟ١ف ٗ١ئْ٠بهثبره ؽبعبره ولٖ ٚك ٞػٍت ٌٍزالعٗ ٌؾفع األغن ،ٗ٠كٍ ٞبٔلٚرٍِ ،بٔلٚرْبد عب٘يٖ ٚك ٞؽبعخ ثبرٙ١بد ثبٌغجٕٗ ثبٌجزبع ف ٟاٌفوْ ،ك ٞرٛاٌ١ذ ،كٖ ثزٕ١غبْ اٌٍ ٛ٘ ٟثٕقٍٍٗ ِِ اٌٍ ٟثٕؼًّ ِٕٗ اٌَّئؼٗ كٖ ثٕقٍٍٗ ،ك ٞوبِ١وا ،ك ٞثوط ً ٌٗٔٛ :ئ ٗ٠اٌجزٕغبْ؟ ط :ئٍٛك ،كٖ رٛفبػ ٚ ،كِٖ ٞبٕبد اٖ ،أهأت كٚ ٞال ئ ٚ ،ٗ٠ثؼل ٓ٠ػٕلن ٌّجٗ عبوذ ٚ ،كٖ ئ ٗ٠كٖ؟ كٖ رؼجبْ ٚال ئ ٚ ٗ٠كٖ ئّ ٔ١عبوذ ٚك١ٍ ٞغبهٖ ٚثؼل ٓ٠كٖ ثورئبْ ٚكٕٛ ٞهٖ ٍٛكا ٚك ٞاٌْبهع ً :أل كٖ ِ١لاْ ئٗ٠؟ طِ :ظب٘واد ٠ؼٕٚ ٟال ك١ِ...ٞىوٚثبٕبد ً :أٖٛ٠ ط :فٕغبْ ٚك ٞفواؿ ٚكٖ عوا٠ل ٚكٖ ّجبن ٚك ٞثبٔطبٌٔٛبد ،ر١ْ١وربد ثبٔطبٌٔٛبد ًِ :وٍ ٟ١علا ّىوا ط :اٌؼف٠ ٛب ؽج١جزٟ 199
)5. MMC (Female ً :ؽٚوره األٚي أ ٍٟ١ٌٚرؼٍّ١ه ئٗ٠؟ ط :أٔب ؽبٍٕٗ ػٍ ٝثىبٌٛه ًٛ٠ئلزٖبك ٚػٍ١ٍ َٛبٍ ِٓ ٗ١اٌغبِؼخ األِو٠ى.ٗ١ ً :ؽٚوره ثزْزغٍٟ؟ ط :ؽبٌ١ب ٚال ىِبْ وٕذ ثبّزغً ِل٠و ػاللبد ػبِٗ فْووٗ ٚثؼلٍٛ ٓ٠ؼذ ِؼبُ ٚكٌٛئز ٟثْزغً ف ٟاٌزله.ٌ٠ ًٛ :ت ؽٚوره ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛثئ ٝاٌفوء ث ٓ١اٌَذ اٌٍ ٟثزْزغً ٚاٌَذ اٌٍِ ٟب ثزْزغٍِ؟ ط :اٌَذ اٌٍ ٟثزْزغً ٚاٌٍ ٟثِ ثزْزغً .اٌَذ اٌٍجزْزغً ث١جئ ٝػٕل٘ب للهٖ أوجو ػٍ ٟرٖو٠ف أِٛه٘ب ػٍ ٝئٔٙب رٛعل ٚئذ ٌىً ؽبعٗ ،ئٔٙب رٕظُ ٚئزٙب ثطو٠ئزٙب ئٔٙب ػٕل٘ب
exposureؽٌٍٍ ٛلٔ١ب ٠ؼٕ ٟثو ٛٙغ١و اٌٍ ٟأػلٖ فبٌج١ذ ِأفٛي
ػٍٙ١ب ٚػٍ ٝفىوٖ it depends ً :ثٌ ث١جئ ٝإٔؼت؟ ط :أل ثبٌؼىٌ ث١ؼٛكن ئٔه رالئٚ ٟئذ ٌىً ؽبعٗ ٠ؼٕ ٟأ ٞؽبعٗ ئٔز ٟػب٠يا٘ب ثزالئٍٙ١ب ٚئذ فؼال ٌىٓ اٌٍ ٟأػلٖ ف ٟاٌج١ذ ث١جئٝ ػٕل٘ب ئؽَبً ئْ ٚئزٙب ٍِىٙب ِّىٓ رؼًّ ف ٗ١وً ؽبعٗ ٚإٌز١غٗ ئٔٙب ِبثزئلهُ رؼًّ وً ؽبعٗ .كٖ هأ ٟ٠أٔب. ً :رئو٠جب ك ٞاإلعبثٗ اٌٛؽ١لٖ اٌٍ ٟوً إٌبً ئبٌ٘ٛب طِ :ب ٘ ٟك ٞاٌؾئ١ئٗ ،ألٔٙب ؽز ٝث١جئ ٝػٕل٘ب ئؽَبً ثبٌئت ئْ ٚئزٙب ِِ ٌج١زٙب فجزؾبٚي رجيي ِغٛٙك أوزو ػْبْ ٠جئٚ ٝئزٙب ٌج١زٙب ٚ ٚئزٙب ٌٛالك٘ب ٚ ٚئزٙب ٌِّ ػبهفٗ ئ ،ٗ٠غ١و اٌٍrelaxed ٟ٘ ٟفبٌٔ ِِ ؽبٍٗ أٔب ػبٍِٗ اٌٍ ٟػٍ١بٚ .افلٖ ثبٌه .رئو٠جب ٠ؼٕ.ٟ ً :ؽٚوره ّٛف ٟاٌٖٛه ك ٚ ٞئّ ٌٟ ٌٟٛب٠فٗ فٙ١ب ئٚ ،ٗ٠اؽلٖ ٚاؽلٖ ولٖ؟
200
ط :أٔب ّب٠فٗ كٖ ٍٕ boxلٚء ٚكٚي ربٌذ ػٍت رئو٠جب فٛء ثؼ٘ ،كٖ ٍبٔلٚرِ ِِ ولٖ؟ Cheeseرئو٠جب عجٕٗ ٚف ٟفٙٛبه ٚ كٖ ػ ِ١ثَىٛدٛ ،ؼّ ٗ١كّ ،ٞىٍٙب ِِ ٛؼّ ،ٗ١أل أٔب وٕذ فبووا٘ب ػ ِ١اٌؾئ١ئٗ ٠ؼٕ ،ٟكٖ toiletثٌ ئ ٗ٠اٌٍٟ كفً كٖ فلٖ؟ ًٕٛ ٟ٘ :ه أٍّبء ؽبعبد وز١و ط :كٖ toiletكٖ ٛجؼب ثزٕغبْ ٚكٖ ثوط ٚ Eiffelك ٞوبِ١وا ،وبِ١وا؟ ً :أٖ ٌٗٔٛ ،ئ ٗ٠اٌجزٕغبْ؟ ط ٌٗٔٛ :ثزٕغبٔ ِِ ٟولٖ؟ كٖ ئٗ٠؟ كٖ ٠kind of fruitsؼِّٕ ،ٟىٓ ٠جئ ٝر١فبػ ِٕٙapplesب اي ٚgreenاي ٚ yellowايred ً :ؽٚوره أ ٌٟ ٌٟٚثبػوثٟ؟ ط١ٛ :ت رٛفبػ إٔفو ٚأفٚو ٚأؽّو ً ٚ :كٞ؟ ط :ك ٞاي stickفٙ١ب اٌزفبؽٗ؟ ً :أل ط :ثبٌِٖ ٗٔٛبٕٗ Sussetأهأت ،كٌّ ٞجٗ ،كٖ pulloverكٖ ١ٍ jacketغبهٖ رؼجبْٛ ،ت ئ ٗ٠اٌّْىٍٗ؟ ً ٌٗٔٛ :ئ ٗ٠اٌغبوذ؟ ط :عبوذ ثالن أ٘ ٛئٍٛك ِِ ،ولٖ ثوٛٙا؟ كٖ الِٚ ْٛال ثورئبْ ك ِِ ٞثب ٕٗ٠ؽبعٗ فبٌٔ ً :ئٍٛك ط ٌْٛ :ئٍٛك ٌىٓ ِبف ُٛٙ١ؽبعٗ ٠ؼٕ ،ٟكٖ اٌزواف١ه ٛجؼب كٖ اٌّوٚه ً :أل كٖ ِ١لاْ ئٗ٠؟ 201
ط١ِ :لاْ اٌزؾو٠و ِّىٓ ً :أل ف ٗ١ئٗ٠؟ ط :ىؽّٗ عبِلٖ ،أٚرٛثَ١بد ِ١ىوٚثبٕبد١ٛ ،ت فٕغبْ ّبَٔ ٞىبف ٗ١ئ١ٛ ،ٖٛٙت ك ٞفواؿ ٕٛغ١وٖ ،كِ ٞيهػخ فواؿ ،كٞ عؤبي ،ئ ٗ٠كٖ ثبٔطبٌٔٛبد ّٛ ٚثبن ِفزٛػ ػبٌجؾو ٠غٕٓ ،كٖ ثّٕبٍجخ اٌّٖب٠ف .أٔب ّبٛوٖ؟ ً :أٖ ؽٚوره ّبٛوٖ علاٛ .بة ؽٚوره ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه فِٖ ٟو ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ؟ ط :أ٘ب ٕ٘زىٍُ فبٌَ١بٍٗ؟ ً :ػْبْ ٘ ٟك ٞأٌٍ ٟبً ثززىٍُ فٙ١ب ٛبة ؽٚوره ئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه فبٌَّزْف١بد؟ ٛبة ؽٚوره ثزطجق ٟاٌَّئؼٗ ئىاٞ؟ ط :ثٖ ٌٛ ٟئٔزِٙ ٟزّٗ ثواّمزه ِّىٓ اٌَّئؼٗ ِب رؼٍّٙ١بُ في٠ذ األٚي ثزغ١ج ٟاٌجزٕغبْ رغٍَ ٚ ٗ١رئطؼِّ ٗ١ىٓ رئْوٚ ٗ٠ ِّىٓ أل ِّ ٚىٓ ٔٔ رأّ١و ٌ ٛئٔزِٙ ٟزّٗ ثواّمزه ِّىٓ ِزؾّو ُٛٙ٠في٠ذ ِّىٓ رلفٍ ٗ١فِٖٕ ٗ١ل٘ٗٔٛ tievalثٌ ٚرلفٍ ٗ١اٌفوْ ٠زْ١٘ ٞٛجئ ٝأعًّ ٚأٌي رْٛؽ ٗ١ػٍ ٝإٌبؽ١زٌ ٓ١ؾل ِب ٠بفل ٌ٠ ْٛؼٕ ٟأ٘ ٌٛ ٚزؾّوٗ٠ رؾّو ٗ٠ػبٌٕبؽ١ز ٚ ٓ١ثؼل ٓ٠ثزؼٌٍّ ٟؾّٗ ِفو ِٗٚى ٞاٌؼٖبط ولٖ ٚثزؾطٛ ٟجئٗ ِٓ اٌجزٕغبْ ٚثؼل ٓ٠فبٌٕٔ ٌؾّٗ ِفو ٚ ِٗٚثؼل ٓ٠ثزٕغبْ ربٔ ٚ ٟرَئٙ١ب ّ٠ٛخ ّٛهثٗ ٚرلفٍٙ١ب اٌفوْ ثٌ ولٖ .ؽٍٖٛ؟ ً :ؽٍ١ِ ٖٛوٍ ٟعلا )6. MMC (Female ً :ثزْزغٍٟ؟ ط :أٖ ثْزغً فّغبي اٌجٕٛن ً١ٛ :ت ِؾبٍجٗ ٠ؼٕٕ ٟؼ؟ ط :أل ف ثٕه ِِ ِؾبٍجٗ ثٌ ف ٟلَُ اي retail ً :ػٕلن وبَ ٍٕٗ؟ 202
ط :ارٕ ٚ ٓ١رالرٓ١ ً :ئ ٗ٠اٌفوء ث ٓ١اٌَذ اٌٍ ٟثزْزغً ٚاٌَذ اٌٍِ ٟبثزْزغٍِ؟ طٔ ِٓ :بؽ١خ ئٗ٠ ً٠ :ؼٕ ٓ١ِ ٝأؽَٓ؟ ط ٛ٘ :أٔب ِغوثزِ ًِ :غوثز ِ١رْزغٍٚ ٟال رؼلٞ؟ طِ :بعوثزِ أػل ثٌ ػبِخ اٌْغً ِ ُٙعلا ٛجؼب أٔٗ ث١قٍ ٟاٌجٕ١ئبكِٗ أ ٚاإلَٔبٔٗ ٠ؼٕ ٟػٕل٘ب ؽٛٚه ٚػٕل٘ب ٚػ ٟثبٌّغزّغ ث١ؾًٖ ف ٗ١ئ ٗ٠ثوٛٙا اٌج١ذ ث١جؼل وز١و علا ػٓ ؽىب٠بد ٚرطٛهاد اٌْبهع ٔيٌٚه اٌْبهع ؽبعٗ ٚئٔه رى ٟٔٛعٖٛ اٌج١ذ ؽبعٗ ربٔ ٗ١فبٌٔ ٚئؽزىبوه وّبْ ثىً اٌفئبد ٌّب ثزى ٟٔٛثزْزغٍ ٟثززؼبٍِِ ٟغ فئبد وز١و ٔٛػ١خ ثْو وز١و ثزئله ٞربفل ٞفجوٖ ٚثزئله ٞئْ ئٔز ٟرؼٍّ ٟأٚالكن ؽبعٗ أؽَٓ ثىز١و ٌىٓ ِز١ٙأٌ ٟغٓ اٌج١ذ ٚهللا أػٍُ كٚ ٞعٙخ ٔظو٠ ٞؼٕ ٌٛ ٟئٔزٍ ٟذ ِب ثزؾج ِ١رٕيٌ ٟفبٌٔ كٖ ٘١أٍو ثطو٠ئٗ ٍٍجٌ ٗ١ىٓ ٌ ٛئٔز ٟإٔال ئعزّبػ ٚ ٗ١ػٕلن ئعزّبػ١بره ِؾبفظٗ ػٍٙ١ب ٘زئله ٞرؼ ٟٙٛاٌفوء كٖ ِز١ٙأٌ ٟولٖ ً ٚ :رٕظّٟ ط ٚ :رٕظّٛ ٟجؼب ً :رٕظ ُ١اٌٛئذ كٖ ٕؼت اٞٚ؟ طِ ٛ٘ :ؼبكٌٗ ٕؼجٗ علا أو١ل ؽبعٗ ٘ز١غ ٟػٍ ٝؽَبة ؽبعٗ ثْىٍٓ ِب ثٌ ٌ ٛعذ ثْىً فٍٛ ٗ١ء ِضال روث ٚ ٗ١رإٔ١و ِٓ ؽبعبد وز١و علا ف اٌج١ذ ٛجؼب اٌَذ اُ٘ ؽبعٗ ػٕل٘ب ث١زٙب كٖ ِٓ ٔبؽ١ز ٟأب ألٔ ٟف ِ َٛ٠ب ٘الئ ٟغٓ أب فؼال ِإٔوٖ فج١ز ٚ ٟئْ أٔب ئْ ّبء هللا ٌّب أرغٛى ٠ؼٕ٘ ٟالئٔ ٟفَ ٟئْ أٔب ٘بفل لواه ئٔ ٟأٔب ِّىٓ أٍ١ت اٌْغً فبٌٔ ٚأثئ ٝثٌ ٌج١ز ٚ ٟأٚالك٠ ٞؼٕ.ٟ
203
ً١ٛ :ت أٚو ،ٗ١أ ٌٟ ٌٟٚثئّ ٟب٠فٗ ئ ٗ٠ف اٌٖٛه؟ ط :أّىبي اٌٖٛهٍٕ ،لٚء ً ٚ :كٖ؟ ط :ػٍت ث١زؾ ٜفٙ١ب األوً ثب ،ٓ٠كٖ ثَ١ى٠ٛذ ،كٖ ٍبٔلٚرِ عجٕٗ ّٛ ٚب ُٛا ٗٛٚعجٕٗ ث ٗٚ١كٖ ثزٕغبْ ،ثوط ئ٠ف ،ً١ك ٞوبِ١وا، كٖ ِٖبٕٗ ،كٖ رٛفبػ افٚو ٚأؽّو ٚإٔفو ،كٖ رٛاٌ١ذ أٚو ،ٗ١أهأتٌّ ،جٗ ،رؼجبْ ،كٖ عبوذ١ٍ ،غبهٖ ،كٖ ثٍ١يه، ثورئبٌْٛ ،ؽٗ ٍٛكاِ ،ؾطخ اٚر١جَبد ِ١ىوٚثبٍبد أل ٘ ٛكٖ ٠ؼزجو ِِ ِؾطٗ ِّىٓ ٠ىِٛ ْٛئف ،فٕغبْ ئ،ٖٛٙ َٔىبف ،ٗ١فواؿ ،عؤبْ ،ئٔغٍِ ٛجؼب ِِ ػوث ،ٟك ٞثبربوٛهى ث١وِٛكاى ً :أ ٚئٗ٠؟ ط :ثبٔطبٌْٛ ً :عّؼ ُٙئ ٗ٠ثٕئٛي ػْو ئٗ٠؟ ط :ثٕب ً١ٛثبٔطبٌٔٛبد ً :ئٔز ٟثزئٙ١ٌٛب ئ ٗ٠كاّ٠ب؟ ط :ثٕب١ّ ،ً١ٛجبنٍ ٚ ،بػبد ثئٛي ّٛثبن ،أٚو ٚ ٗ١فالٓ فٍٖذ. ًٛ :ت ئ ٌٟ ٌٟٛئ ٗ٠هأ٠ه ف ِٖو ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ؟ ط :ثالُ أب ،هأ ٟ٠ثؼل اٌضٛهٖ أٍٛأ ؽبعٗ ِّىٓ رى ْٛؽٍٖذ ف ربه٠ـ ِٖو اٌٖواؽٗ ٌألٍف ٠ؼٕ ٟ٘ .ٟرؼزجو..أٔب ثبَٔجٗ ٌٟ أٔب ِِ ّب٠فب٘ب ئْ ٘ ٟوبٔذ صٛهٖ ٘ ٟوبٔذ ئٔزفبٙخ ّؼت ث١ئٛي أل ٌىً ؽبعٗ غٍ ٚ ٜئعزّبع ٚ ...أؽٍ ٝؽبعٗ ئْ ٘ ٟإٌبً وٍٙب ِغزّؼٗ ػٍ ٝهأٚ ٞاؽل ك ٞوذ أؽٍ ٝؽبعٗ ؽٍٖذ ئْ اٌىً وبْ ِغزّغ ػٍ ٝؽبعٗ ٚاؽلٖ .وً ؽبعٗ ثؼل ولٖ ٚؽْٗ .ثؼل ِب فؼال فٍٖٕب ٚفٍٖٛا اٌزبهعذ ئْ ِّىٓ ٠ى ْٛاٌواً اٌىج١وٖ ٘ ٟاٌٍٍٛ ٟؼذ ِف ِ١أ ٞؽبعٗ ؽٍٖذ و َٗ٠ٛثؼل ولٖ .وً ؽبعٗ ٌألٍف ؽًٖ ثئ...ٟوً ٚاؽل ّب٠ف ئْ ٘ ٛكٖ ٌٍّٖؾخ ِٖو ِ ٚؾلُ فؼال ثٔ
204
ٌٍّٖؾخ ِٖو ٚوٍٗ أل٘لافٗ ٚاغوا ٗٙاٌْقِٖ ٚ ٗ١ؾلُ ػبهف ِ ٓ١اٌٖؼ ٓ١ِ ٚاٌغٍ ٚ ٜثئ ٝف ٟرقٕ١ٌ ٓ٠ٛب ئؽٕب ٔ ٚبً وز١و فَود ثؼ٘ إٔؾبة ٚأ٘بٌ ٟفَوٚا ثؼ٘ ٌألٍف ثئٕ١ب ِزفوئ ْٛ١ٍِ ٓ١١أٌف ِوٖ ػٓ ئجً ولٖ ٚ ِب ؽلُ كٌٛئز ٟث١جٔ ٌؾل ػٍ ٟأٔٗ ؽزِّ ٝىٓ ٠ىِّ...ْٛىٓ ئٔذ ٌِ ِِ ٛؼب٠ب ف اٌَ١بٍٗ ٠جئ ٝئؽٕب٠...ؼِِٕ ٌٛ ٟ ِزفم ٓ١١ف ٟاٌَ١بٍٗ ِّىٓ ِب ٠ؼوف ُٛثؼ٘ إال ،كٖ ٌألٍف ثئ ٝف ٟرٖٕ١ف ٚؽِ علا. ً :ػٕلن ػء ٕؼ١ِ .وٍ ٟعلا ط١ِ :وٍٟ
205
7.7 Appendix G: Pictures used for data elicitation
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
)7.8 Appendix H: Questions Used for Data Elicitation (Semi-Structured Interviews
ِ-1ملِخ - 2اٌٛظ١فخ -اٌزؼٍ -ُ١اٌَىٓ -3األٚالك -اٌّناووح َِ -4ز ٜٛاٌزؼٍُ١ ِٖ -5و ثؼل اٌضٛهح -6لطغ اٌىٙوثبء -هك اٌفؼً -و١ف١خ اٌزؼبًِ ِغ االفو -7اٌّ١خ ثزمطغ؟ لل اٗ٠؟ -8اٌغالءٛ -ت ءا ال ٜؽًٖ؟ -9اٌَّزْف١بد -اٌلوبروح-االك٠ٚخ -10اٌَزبد ثزْزغً -اٌٛلذ -11اٌَزبد ٚافلح ؽمٙب؟ اٌواعً اوضو؟ -12ءا اوضو فٚبه ثزؾجٗ؟ فبوٙخ؟ ثزْوثٛا ءا؟ -13اٌَّمؼخ ثزؼٍّ٘ٛب اىاٜ؟ -14ثزْوة ٍغب٠و؟ وبَ ٚاؽلح؟ -15اٍبء إٌجٝ؟ ٌ ٛعجذ ٌٚل رَّ ٗ١ءا؟ -16ثزفطو ءا؟ -17ثزؾطٛا اٌٍجٌ فٓ١؟ -18اٌٖٛه
214
215
