Sep 29, 2008 - Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core ... rules should be strictly obeyed during the tutorial .... Content delivery, utility.
Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Tutorial by Claus G. Gruber and Achim Autenrieth Nokia Siemens Networks 13th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium - „Convergence in Progress” Networks 2008 September 28 – October 2, 2008 Budapest, Hungary
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
About Us Dr.-Ing. Claus G. Gruber Claus Gruber is senior consultant and project manager at Nokia Siemens Networks, Munich, Germany. Division: Research Technology and Platforms, Network Technology, Network Control and Transport (RTP NT NCT). His main area of research focuses on next generation packet network architectures including Carrier Grade Ethernet and IP/MPLS over WDM. He is mainly interested in networking concepts, total cost of ownership, multilayer traffic engineering and resilience, control plane, and network management and configuration of ubiquitous communication technologies. Prior to his work at Nokia Siemens Networks he was a member of the research and teaching staff at Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany, where he received his Dr.-Ing. and Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering and information technology. Claus published about 30 articles in journals and conference proceedings and submitted about 20 invention reports in the area of routing, resilience, network planning, optimization and management that are currently under review at EU and US patent offices.
Dr.-Ing. Achim Autenrieth Achim Autenrieth is Head of IP Transport R&D Management Innovation (IPT RD Innovation) at Nokia Siemens Networks, Munich, Germany. Focus areas of his work are multilayer transport networks (OTN/DWDM, SDH/SONET, Ethernet/MPLS-TP, IP/MPLS), control plane protocols (ASON/GMPLS), network architecture evaluation, multilayer resilience and multilayer network design, routing and grooming. Prior to his current responsibility he was working as project manager and senior research scientist in internal innovation projects and funded research projects at Siemens AG, Corporate Technology and Siemens AG, Fixed Networks. Achim studied Electrical Engineering and Information Technology at the Technische Universität München (TUM) and received his Dipl.-Ing. and Dr.-Ing. degree in 1996 and 2003, respectively. From 1996 to 2003 he was member of the research and teaching staff at the Institute of Communication Networks at TUM.
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
General Information • Schedule • Q&A • 9:00 – 10:30 Tutorial Part I • After each main section • 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee Break • 11:00 – 12:30 Tutorial Part II • To ensure proper knowledge transfer to the audience, some basic behavior rules should be strictly obeyed during the tutorial
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 4
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Networks get run over by a huge traffic growth Technology innovation is a must on the way forward • The fastest and most cost efficient access technologies are not sufficient on their own 5 billion people connected
• Huge traffic volumes have to be transported throughout the network
• Data super highways and an optimized end-to-end transport are needed to connect 5bn people
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Challenges and Opportunities Reinventing the connected world
Add value beyond bit-pipe
100x traffic growth
User service experience
Internet for the next billion
5 Bn people connected Environmental Performance
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Tomorrow's communication world 5 Bn People connected Main growth in mobile subscriptions from new growth markets
Mobile Users Worldwide 5 Bn 4 Bn 3 Bn
Voice and high-speed Internet enabled (EDGE, HSPA, ... , LTE, WiMAX)
2 Bn 2 Bn
4 Bn mobile users Majority can be always online via mobile high-speed Internet access technologies
2 Bn fixed broadband users Wireline Broadband will facilitate usage of applications like TV and/or video streaming.
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
Voice and low-speed Internet enabled 2005
2010
2015
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions* Worldwide 0.8 Bn
0.6 Bn
xDSL
0.4 Bn
FTTx
0.2 Bn
cable 2005
2010
fixed WiMAX 2015
* Broadband subscriptions are typically shared by 2-3 people
Source: Nokia Siemens Networks estimations based external forecasts (Ovum, Strategy Analytics)
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Operators invest into the whole network CAGR 7,7%
• Optical Metro
Consumers Quality of life for citizens
• Rural connectivity • Photonic core
Enable next generation of connectivity
2007
Business Growth and efficiency
Government Productivity
2011
Transport investment worldwide
Broadband enabled network
Cost of data transport must go down Traffic
• Higher network efficiency One technology • Leased Line OPEX Profitable self built
Voice Dominant
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Revenues
Data Dominant
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Source: Connectivity Scorecard
Broadband services drive transport network evolution
Demand for fixed broadband will increase over the next years Million subscriptions (world)
600
Total Broadband Access Market World [bn €]
500
total
400
6.4%
5.0%
300 200
5,0 1,0
5,3 1,5
5,6 1,8
5,9 2,1
6,2 2,3
2008
IPTV/VoD Subscriptions Cablemodem Subscriptions Total Broadband Subscriptions
2010
Fiber to the building/home subscription DSL Subscriptions
• In the year 2012, there will be more than 500 million Broadband subscribers worldwide
• Most subscribers will use a DSL connection • Fiber access subscription is expected to grow in
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
DSLAM
2,9
2,8
2,9
3
3,1
1,1
1
0,9
0,9
0,8
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2012
Source: internal research based on several analyst forecasts
line with IPTV subscription
Fiber access
Narrowband
100
2006
5 billion people connected
Source: internal research based on several analyst forecasts
• DSL is the dominant broadband market and will remain
• Driven by high bandwidth demand, fiber based access revenue will double in the next 10 years
• Narrowband revenue will decrease
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
“100x traffic growth within 5 years” means a growing need for scalable networks Growing # of customers Consumer
Growing # of services Consumer
New services at lower cost Business
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Multimedia services drive bandwidth requirements Triple Play services require bandwidth from 25 to 100 Mbit/s per user!
IPTV: 20-30 Mbps (multiroom HDTV, VoD)
Internet: 5-10 Mbps VoIP: 0.1 Mbps
Source: Internet research, 2006 11
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Video and TV services as main driver „ Video Services will drive exponential growth in residential wireline traffic, ... with most growth from IPTV” 70 ExaByte 60 ExaByte
1600%
US residential Wireline Video related Traffic
50 ExaByte
1100%
40 ExaByte TV Services (unicast&broadcast)
30 ExaByte 530%
20 ExaByte
220% 230%
10 ExaByte 0
200%
100% 100%
2007
1500%
Streaming Video Clips
2011
* excluding P2P video and music exchange which dominate currently the Internet traffic
820%
2008
2009
2010
Source: Heavy Reading, June 2007, Internet TV, OTT Video & Future of IPTV
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
P2P Video*
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Increasing bandwidth demands require a simplified and more efficient infrastructure Operators go Ethernet
FT, Telefonica: “IP does not scale enough, Ethernet is an alternative”
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Up to 100Gbit/s channels in the core Source: Conferences; Lightreading 2007
Level 3: “Ethernet is becoming a preferred enabler for leading applications, e.g. Internet, Content delivery, utility services, IP video, …”
Technology goes highest scalability and flexibility
Flexible Gigabit services & multi-Gigabit wavelength switching Ethernet switching @ all transport technologies Microwave Radio, NG SDH, DWDM, Carrier Ethernet
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
The broadband telecommunication environment is enabled by next generation connectivity Carrier Ethernet Transport Megabit applications Gigabit services
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Flexible bandwidths from access to core
Broadband access everywhere
Optimized connectivity in fixed and mobile environment
Reliable and secure traffic control
Solutions to balance networks and ensure Quality of Service
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 15
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
What is “Carrier Ethernet Transport” ?
In a sentence • Ethernet with Carrier Grade qualities for Transport Networks
But seriously… • Taking the simple, well known and widely deployed Ethernet service and extending it to the metro and core of public networks thus maintaining the simplicity, flexibility and cost effectiveness of the protocol and components on an end-to-end basis
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Carrier Ethernet Transport technology is defined by six key attributes Resiliency
End to End Ethernet • Seamless Ethernet across portfolio of IP Transport/Nokia Siemens Network • Differentiated service creation
Optimized Deployment • Scalable architecture with end to end portfolio • Technology agnostic multilayer optimization
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• Connection Oriented Ethernet • 50ms protection • Resilient IP (ResIP) certification
Scalability • Standardized platforms • Prove worldwide deployment • Over 20,000 service and support personnel
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Simple Management • Automation of network • Point and click provisioning • Standard Operation and Maintenance
Flexible Solutions • Integrated Solution for Mobile Backhaul, Business and residential services • Shared best practices
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Carrier Ethernet Transport – Defined Architecture Goals and Building Blocks Enable IP Services over a Converged Carrier Class Transport Architecture Add Scalability, Resiliency, and Manageability to Ethernet Packet Based
Connection Oriented
Service Transparent
Deterministic
Controlled
Multi-Service Convergence
Static Managed
Isolated Secure
Predictable Protected
Guaranteed SLA
Point-and-Click Provisioning Carrier Grade OAM
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Stratum Quality Sync
High Reliability
High Scalability
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Hard QoS Integrated TDM
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Carrier Ethernet Transport – Defined Fundamental Requirements Unified Architecture for Cost-Effective Transport of High-Speed Packet Services Ethernet Economics
• • • • •
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Scalable Multi-Service Single UNI Synchronous Cost-Effective
Connection Oriented
• Provisioned • Deterministic • Predictable
© Nokia Siemens Networks
L3 Service Transparency
• L2 Client Encapsulation • Secure Transport • L3 Proxy
Guaranteed SLA’s
Carrier Class Resiliency
Multi-Layer Service Management
• Provisioned • Strict QoS • Connection Admission Control
• NE Quality • SW Stability • Network Protection
• • • • •
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
End-to-End Pt-and-Click Control Plane Robust OAM Reporting
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 20
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics • Network Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 21
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Going Back to Where It Began • We have to go back to 1984
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Network Hierarchy Concept The OSI Reference Model The concept of layers • It is a simple and efficient way of communication n+1
Layer Provides services to higher layers with standardized interfaces Layer
n
Uses services of lower layers n-1
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Layer
© Nokia Siemens Networks
with standardized interfaces
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Network Hierarchy Concept The OSI Reference Model
7
Application
6 Presentation
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The OSI reference model provides: • Standardized interfaces (compatibility, interoperability and competition) • Simplifies network technology development considerably (just trust and use the functionality of the lower layer)
5
Session
4
Transport
3
Network
Why seven layers?
2
Data Link
• Is an often discussed question (e.g. “Three layer approach of Future Internet projects)
1
Physical
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Network Hierarchy Concept The OSI Reference Model
7
Application
6 Presentation
25
5
Session
4
Transport
3
Network
2
Data Link
1
Physical
© Nokia Siemens Networks
What we call application e.g. email client such as Thunderbird
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The User
8
Real Application
Network service part of applications Provides network services to applications (e.g. protocols to applications such as snmp)
Data presentation Presents data in the right format to the application layer (includes encryption, reformating, restructuring of data)
Interapplication communication Maintains sessions between applications
End-to-end connection Ensures data transport reliability, information flow (includes maintaining of virtual circuits between hosts)
Data delivery Provides routes between two host systems (might be at different locations) (includes network discovery and routing decision)
Access to media Defines the data format and how the access to the media is controlled (includes bit-error correction)
Binary transmission on a physical link Electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specification
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Network Hierarchy Concept Data Encapsulation
7
Application
Header
Data
Header
Header
Data
Header
Header
Header
Data
Header
Header
Header
Header
Data
Header
Header
Header
Header
Header
Data
Header
Header
Header
Header
Header
Header
Data
Header
Header
Header
Header
Header
Header
Data
6 Presentation
26
5
Session
4
Transport
3
Network
2
Data Link
1
Physical
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Header
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Network Hierarchy Concept Communication End System 2
End System 1
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7
G
7
G
6
F
6
F
5
E
4
D
3
C
Only instances of the same layer can talk to each other!
5
E
4
D
3
C
3
2
B1
2
B1
B2
2
B2
1
A1
1
A1
A2
1
A2
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Intermediate System (IS)
C
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Sample OSI Layer Protocols and Services
Specification
Protocols
Services
OSI Layer
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7 Application 6 Presentation
End System
Transit System
Services e.g.: Services e.g.: FTP, HTTP, FTP, HTTP, Telnet Telnet Services e.g.: Services e.g.: MIDI, HTML, GIF MIDI, HTML, GIF JPG, ASCII JPG, ASCII
5 Session
e.g. Security (Firewall, Proxy)
4 Transport
TCP / UDP
3 Network
IP
2 Data Link
Ethernet (IEEE 802.1), LLC, MAC, ATM
1 Physical
SDH, OTH, optical frames
Services e.g.: Services e.g.: FTP, HTTP, FTP, HTTP, Telnet Telnet Services e.g.: Services e.g.: MIDI, HTML, GIF MIDI, HTML, GIF JPG, ASCII JPG, ASCII
Messages / Data Datagram
Datagram Packets Packets Frames
IP Ethernet & IEEE 802.3, LLC, MAC, ATM
Bits
Information unit
© Nokia Siemens Networks
End System
SDH, OTH optical frames
Packets Frames Bits
Gateway
Gateway
e.g. Security (Firewall, Proxy)
Gateway
TCP / UDP
Gateway
IP
Router
Ethernet (IEEE 802.1), LLC, MAC, ATM
Bridge Switch
SDH, OTH optical frames
Information unit
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Equipment
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Transceiver Repeater Hub, Cable
Network Hierarchy According to OSI Reference Model
NSN Location Espoo
Backbone Network A
NSN Location Munich
Backbone Network B
Routers are used to connect networks Switches are used to connect hosts
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Fixed Transport Network Structure Fixed Services
Access
Aggregation
IP Edge
Core Applications Server
IMS
Residential Voice, Video, HSI
CIS
Routing MSAN
Business L3 VPN
CIS
L2 switch
L2 Transport Carrier Ethernet / SDH/SONET
COS
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Carrier Ethernet / SDH/SONET Optical Transport OTN/DW DM Core
OTN/DWDM Metro
HSI: High Speed Internet CIS: Customer IP service MSAN: Multiservice access node (PON, DSLAM) 30
IP/MPLS Core
BRAS
Layer 2 VPN, Ethernet /TDM Leased Line CES CLS Business Layer 1 Optical/ Wavelength Leased Line
VoIP, VoD, IPTV,…
CES: Customer Ethernet Service CLS: Customer Legacy Services
COS: Customer Optical Service
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics • Ethernet Standards 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 31
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
The original Ethernet by Bob Metcalf
Bob Metcalf, 1973 The original format for Ethernet was developed in Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre (PARC), California in 1972 and called Alto Aloha. Using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) it had a transmission rate of 2.94Mb/s and could support 256 devices over cable stretching for 1km. The two inventors were Robert Metcalf and David Boggs 32
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Advantages of Packet and Ethernet Networks • Packet • Almost 100% of traffic generated by applications is packet based • Multiplex gain • Control plane often deployed in combination with packet services (restoration) • Advantages of Ethernet • Widely deployed • The standard for LAN equipment (10M, 100M, 1G, 10G, 100G)) available in almost every computing device – Chipsets are very cheap and high numbers • Plug and play – Very simple technology to operate • Combines data link layer and switching layer
• Drawbacks of Ethernet: • MAC addressing scheme • Different protocols (STP, RSTP, MSTP) • Limited traffic-engineering and slow failure recovery • Operation Administration and Maintenance 33
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
IEEE 802 Standards • IEEE 802.1 – Architecture, management, switching • 802.1D • 802.1Q • 802.1p • 802.1d • 802.1s/w
MAC layer bridges Virtual LANs Quality-of-Service & Multicast support Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Multiple STP / Rapid STP
• IEEE 802.3 – CSMA/CD (Ethernet) standards • 802.3u • 802.3x • 802.3z • 802.3ab • 802.3ad
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Fast Ethernet (100Base-TX, 100Base-FX) Full-duplex Ethernet over LAN Gigabit Ethernet over fiber (1000Base-X) Gigabit Ethernet over copper (1000Base-T) Aggregation of multiple link segments (LAG)
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Ethernet Basics IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Interfaces Older Ethernet Implementations: 10 Base 5 “yellow cable” / 10 Base 2 “cheapernet” R
Application
Typical Implementation: Busses / Segments Disadvantage: Collisions multiply when data load Increases
Current Implementations with electrical Interfaces:
Presentation
10 Base T 100 Base T “Fast Ethernet” 1000 Base T “Gigabit Ethernet”
Session Transport Network
Current Implementations with optical Interfaces:
Data Link Physical
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100 Base FX “Fast Ethernet” 1000 Base SX “Gigabit Ethernet” 1000 Base LX 10 Gigabit-Ethernet Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Typical Implementation: Point-to-Point Advantage: Collisions can be minimized with a switch In optical Ethernets, Collision detection is not possible 2008/09/29
Ethernet Basics IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Frames and MAC Addressing MAC-Address: (Media Access Control) Address on Layer 2 most commonly used on Ethernet, 6 Bytes long, linked to Hardware, worldwide unique Ethernet Frame Application Presentation
Source MAC
Type Field
6 Bytes
6 Bytes
2 By
Data of Layers 3 to 7 up to 1500 Bytes
Check sum 4 Bytes
The Type Field: specifies, which Layer 3 Protocol is contained The Checksum (CRC) secures both addresses, type field and data Minimum length 64 bytes, maximum length 1518 bytes
Session Transport
Destination MAC
MAC-Broadcast addresses all stations on a LAN (Address = ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
Network Data Link
MAC-Multicast addresses all stations with a particular property e.g. all switches supporting a particular protocol
Physical
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Ethernet’s timeline 10 000
Bit rate (Mbit/s)
1999: IEEE 802.3ab 1000Base-T 1998: IEEE 802.3z 1000Base-SX, -LX, -CX
1 000
1973: Ethernet is invented 3 Mbit/s, “thick coax”
1997: IEEE 802.3u 100Base-T2
1979: DIX is formed 10Mbit/s,”thick coax”
1995: IEEE 802.3u 100Base-T4,-Tx,-FX
1993: IEEE 802.3j 10Base-FL,-FB,-FP
100
1990: IEEE 802.3i 10Base-T 1985: IEEE 802.3 10 Base 2,
2002: IEEE 802.3ae 10GBase-SR,-LR, ER, LX4,-SW, LW, EW
1985: IEEE 802.3b 10 Broad 36
10 1987: IEEE 802.3d FOIRL 1987: IEEE 802.33 1Base5
1983: IEEE 802.3 10 Base 5
1 1970
37
1975
© Nokia Siemens Networks
1980
1985
1990
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
1995
Year 2000
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2005
Ethernet Basics Ethernet Switching (1) A
B
C
D
F
E
A
C
MAC-Learning 1
2
3
4
6
5
C?
MACTable Address
38
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Port 1
A
Port 2
Port 3
Port 4
Port 5
C
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Port 6
F
2008/09/29
Ethernet Basics Ethernet Switching (2) A
B
C
D
F
E
A F
C D Flooding
1
2
3
4
6
5
D?
MACTable Address
39
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Port 1
A
Port 2
Port 3
Port 4
Port 5
C
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Port 6
F
2008/09/29
Ethernet Basics 802.1d – Spanning Tree (1) Path 1 (working)
active links blocked links In Ethernet networks loops are strictly forbidden because otherwise broadcast storms would bring down the network performance. With Spanning tree protocol loops are avoided in an Ethernet network: All links that would built up a loop are blocked by the Switches. So STP can be used for protection: If the working link fails, the protection link (i.e. a blocked link) is activated. 40
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Ethernet Basics 802.1d – Spanning Tree (2) Path 1 (broken)
Path 2 (unblocked) If the working link fails, the protection link (i.e. a blocked link) is activated. RSTP (Rapid spanning tree protocoll) improves the switching time from several seconds to approximately one second.
41
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
802.1w – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
• Spanning Tree was designed for Enterprise. Recovery Time is not acceptable for Carrier Grade. • Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol is identical to STP, except: •STP – Learns the backup route after failure •RSTP – Learns the backup route before failure • The convergence time is significantly shortened:
42
Timing
STP
RSTP
Worst Case
~60s
1s
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
802.1s – Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) • MSTP enables the use of different paths for different VLANs (or groups of VLANs)
SW 3
SW 1
VLAN 20
• Traffic can be organized to use all possible links, optimising traffic distribution
VLAN 10
• If a link fails, only the MSTIs (MSTP Instances – individual trees) using that link are affected
• MSTP only works together with RSTP
• Up to 32+1 instances per node
43
© Nokia Siemens Networks
SW 4
SW 2
Advantages • Efficient VLAN Paths (e.g. SW 1 => SW 4) • Load-sharing
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Ethernet Basics 802.1Q – VLAN support IEEE 802.3 Frame without VLAN Tag Header Destination address
Source address
Type / Length
Data
CRC
IEEE 802.3 with 802.1Q 4-Byte VLAN Tag Header Destination address
Source address
Type/ Tag 8100
Data
CRC
4 bytes
TPID TAG Protocol Identifier
TCI Tag Control Identifier
2 bytes TAG Protocol Identifier TPID 0x8100
16 bit 44
© Nokia Siemens Networks
2 bytes C Priority F I
3 bit 1 bit
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
VLAN ID 12 bit 2008/09/29
802.1Q Highlights Customer separation by VLAN VLAN Functionality Highlights
Physical view
Up to 4096 VLAN
S
R
Priority 802.1p associated with VLAN S
S
VLAN-based priority take precedence Allows Spanning Tree per VLAN Allows overlapping VLANs VLAN Advantages Better security Solve the broadcast problem
Logical view
Solve the physical location issue R
45
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Ethernet Basics Ethernet VLANs (1) A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
F
E
A
D
B
D
6
5
? MACTable
Port 1
46
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Port 3
B
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
Port 2
A
Port 4
D C
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Port 5
Port 6
E E
F 2008/09/29
Ethernet Basics Ethernet VLANs (2) A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
F
E
A
D
B
D
6
5
X
MACTable
Port 1
47
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Port 3
B
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
Port 2
A
Port 4
D C
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Port 5
Port 6
E E
F 2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 48
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Evolution of Ethernet Hierarchy
Standard Ethernet Frame acc. IEE 802.3
SA: DA: VID: C-VID: S-VID: VID: B-SA: B-DA: B-VID: B-TAG: I-SID: I-TAG: B-VID B-DA B-SA 49
802.1D
802.1Q
802.1ad
802.1ah
Pay load
Pay load
Pay load
Pay load
Contains IP packet
SA
VID
C-VID
C-VID
“Inner” VLAN ID
DA
SA
S-VID
S-VID
“Outer” VLAN ID
DA
SA
SA
DA
DA
Source MAC Address Destination MAC Address VLAN ID Customer VID Service VID VLAN ID Backbone SA Backbone DA Backbone VID a Provider Bridge S-TAG 24 bit Service ID allocated for 802.1Q service instance VLAN identifies per destination alternate path MAC identifies destination node MAC identifies source node
© Nokia Siemens Networks
VLAN VLAN XC: based on VLAN ID
Q-in-Q
I-SID
Service ID
B-VID
Backbone VID
B-SA Provider Bridges
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Customer MAC
B-DA
Backbone MAC
Mac-in-Mac Provider Backbone Bridges PBB 2008/09/29
PBB-TE
802.1ad Provider Bridge (Q-in-Q) The Concept ▪ Adding another layer of 802.1Q ▪ The purpose - expanding the VLAN space by tagging the tagged packets ▪ The expanded VLAN space allows the service provider to provide certain services, such as Internet access on specific VLANs for specific customers, and yet still allows the service provider to provide other types of services for their other customers on other VLANs. Frame without VLAN Tag Header Type / Destination Source Length address address
Data
Frame with single VLAN tag header 802.1Q Type / Destination Source C-VLAN Length address address Frame with double VLAN tag header 802.1ad Source Destination S-VLAN C-VLAN address address
CRC
Data
Type / Length
CRC
Data
CRC
Support of 4K S-VLAN x 4K C-VLAN = theoretical 16 Mill VLAN 50
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Transport of Ethernet Services Issues with Flat Ethernet Architecture C-DA
Transport TransportNetwork Network
S-TAG C-TAG 802.1ad Frame
C-DA
C-SA
6 octets
6 octets
TP S- TPI SL/T ID VID D VID
2
2
2
2
2
User Data
FCS
46 – 1500 octets
4 octets
• Full transparency ? • Use of client information as forwarding decision ? • Learning of all client MAC addresses in all transport nodes ? • Known issues with STP (resilience and traffic engineering)
51
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
802.1ah – Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) Adding a Transport Hierarchy C-DA
B-DA
Transport TransportNetwork Network
Backbone Provider Bridge Frame
B-TAG B-DA
B-SA
6 octets
6 octets
TP BES-VID L/T ID VID
2
2
2
802.1ad Frame (/w or /wo FCS)
FCS
60 – 1526 octets
4 octets
User Data
FCS
46 – 1500 octets
4 octets
S-TAG C-TAG 802.1ad Frame
C-DA
C-SA
6 octets
6 octets
TP S- TPI SL/T ID VID D VID
2
2
2
2
2
Source: D. Allen, N.Bragg, A. McGuire, A. Reid, „Ethernet as Carrier Transport Infrastructure“, IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2006
• Add a transport hierarchy “MAC in MAC” encapsulation • No learning of customer MAC addresses in the middle of the network • Transport spanning TREES instead • Use global meaning of tag (B-DA (48 bit) and B-VID (12 bit)) 52
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
802.1ah – Provider Backbone Bridging PBB, MAC in MAC • Interconnect Provider Bridge networks
Q-in-Q Customer MAC
through a highly scalable Ethernet backbone • MAC in MAC encapsulation – Encapsulation at the backbone edge – Provider’s MAC and VLAN space, isolates provider from customer broadcast domains – Core is agnostic to customer MAC and customer services
Provider Backbone Bridging network
• MAC tables are learned automatically, xSTP prevents loops • Drawbacks – Lack of carrier grade protection
Provider Bridging nw
Payload C-VID S-VID SA DA 802.1ad Provider Bridging nw
(xSTP based) – Lack of effective traffic engineering Customer networks
53
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Payload C-VID S-VID SA DA I-SID B-VID B-SA B-DA 802.1ah
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
OAM for Carrier Grade Switches • OAM is the carrier tool kit for the network management functions such as fault indication, performance monitoring, security management, diagnostic functions and configuration
• An advanced management tool kit contains:
OAM management Network & Service Level Transport link level
54
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Element Manager System
802.1ag
MPLS OAM
Connectivity Fault Management
VLAN OAM MEF recommendation
802.3ah – EFM (Ethernet at the first mile)
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Advanced Ethernet Features Quality of Service - QoS (1) • QoS allows to guarantee parameters like - Bandwidth - Packet loss rate - Maximum delay - Maximum jitter • Examples of typical service class definitions: - Gold: Guaranteed Bandwidth, very low packet loss rate, - Bronze: - Network
Minimum jitter suitable for VoIP and Video Boadcast No guarantees suitable for Data transmission (data packets can be re-transmitted in case of loss) Most important traffic, highest priority
Control:
55
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Advanced Ethernet Features Quality of Service - QoS (2) Link Capacity Bandwidth available to other services at time t
CIR
EIR
t
Service End-to-End
• CIR: Committed information rate • PIR: Peak information rate • CBS: Committed burst size • PBS: Peak burst size 56
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Advanced Ethernet Features SLA Guarantees for all Services Packet stream (one direction)
Packet classification
Packet scheduling
+ Egress buffers For one egress port
Ingress ports
Egress port
Waste The critical point in the packet flow is the summarization of several ingress ports to one egress port. Therefore one egress buffer per service class is required. In this buffers high priority packets can overtake low priority packets. 57
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Many Low priority packets are dropped, Few medium priority, None high priority. High priority packet Medium priority packet Low priority packet 2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 58
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Connectionless and Connection Oriented Transport The OSI 7-layer model specifies two methods for packet transport: Connectionless
Connection oriented
• Every packet can be taken at any path as long as it gets to its final destination
• A predetermined path is used between two end nodes for packets of the same service
• Service BW can not be guaranteed
• Bandwidth reserved End-to-End to ensure quality
• In case of failure nodes are required to re-calculated path which may take long time
• Protection paths are preset and available for immediate usage
• No constant End-2-End monitoring
• Known path allows more E2E OAM capabilities
• BW for protection can be reserved in advance
Primary path Backup path 59
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Carrier Ethernet (cl) vs. Carrier Ethernet Transport (co) • Carrier Ethernet • Forwarding based on Spanning Tree • • • •
– Inefficient use of resources Limited traffic engineering possibilities Very complex optimization tasks when using multiple trees Slow restoration upon failures (seconds) Flat switching hierarchy (broadcast if unknown)
• Carrier Ethernet Transport • Forwarding based on transport label not on customer MAC address • Establishment of virtual tunnels (paths) • Packets are tagged and switched accordingly • Broadcast if unknown is disabled (hierarchy) hierarchy • Centralized management or distributed control plane (e.g. GMPLS)
60
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Carrier Ethernet Transport Traffic Engineering and Resilience
• Traffic Engineering can be done by applying tunnel characteristics • Route of tunnel can be optimized • Multiple tunnels and traffic distribution • Intermediate grooming and merging of tunnels • Multi-layer traffic engineering especially between Ethernet and WDM
• Resilience mechanisms can be based on tunnels • A large number of path-based resilience mechanisms can be applied for Carrier Ethernet • Protection and restoration • Multi-layer resilience optimization
61
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Carrier Ethernet switches with c/o Ethernet Benefits and features for packet transport Features and Benefits – Advanced connection oriented Ethernet mechanisms Well determined and predictable network operation Advanded resilience mechanisms possible – Traffic engineering (Traffic separation per VLAN, Classification per port and port+VLAN ++, Policing, QoS (basic- , Diffserv-, Enhanced-mode), horizontal split) efficient use of fibers, balancing of the traffic load on various links in the network
Challenges – Multicast: Interworking of IGMP and PBB-TE still to be verified – Synchronization and clock provisioning in mobile backhaul Interworking with DWDM – Increased scalability and cost-efficient long-distance transport (Grey interfaces up to 80 km)
62
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies • Ethernet Label Switching 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 63
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Ethernet Label Switching (ELS) aka VLAN Cross-Connect “Q in Q Tunnelling” (IEEE 802.1Q, IEEE802.1ad)
• Idea: Use the existing Ethernet header
(802.1ad) but forward according to ingress port and VLAN-ID, not MAC address • Add tags if required (label stacking) • Forwarding decision based on single VLAN-ID (12 bit) or double VLAN-ID (24 bit) with local link scope (16M connections per port) • Replacing Flooding and MAC Learning with configuration of VLAN-Switching
Cross Connect
VID = 10
VID = 20
1
5
2
6
VID = 10
Single Tag
DA
SA
6 octets
6 octets
VID = 50
7
VID = 11 3
VID = 50 4
L/T 2 2
8
Bridge
User Data
FCS 4 octets
TAG1 TAG2 Double Tag
64
802.1ad Frame
© Nokia Siemens Networks
DA
SA
6 octets
6 octets
TP TPI VID VID ID D
2
2
2
L/T 2 2
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
VID = 10 VID = 72
VID = 10
TP VID ID
2
VID = 17 VID = 50
TAG 802.1Q Frame
VID = 17
User Data
FCS 4 octets
2008/09/29
VID = 50
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies • PBB-TE 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 65
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
802.1ah – Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) Adding a Transport Hierarchy C-DA
B-DA
Transport TransportNetwork Network
Backbone Provider Bridge Frame
B-TAG B-DA
B-SA
6 octets
6 octets
TP BES-VID ID VID
2
2
L/T 2
802.1ad Frame (/w or /wo FCS)
FCS
60 – 1526 octets
4 octets
User Data
FCS
46 – 1500 octets
4 octets
S-TAG C-TAG 802.1ad Frame
C-DA
C-SA
6 octets
6 octets
TP S- TPI SID VID D VID
2
2
2
L/T 2 2
Source: D. Allen, N.Bragg, A. McGuire, A. Reid, „Ethernet as Carrier Transport Infrastructure“, IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2006
• Add a transport hierarchy “MAC in MAC” encapsulation • No learning of customer MAC addresses in the middle of the network • Transport spanning TREES instead • Use global meaning of tag (B-DA (48 bit) and B-VID (12 bit)) 66
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
802.1Qay – Provider Backbone Bridging–Traffic Engineering (PBB-TE) Transparent Tunneling of Ethernet Services B-DA
Transport TransportNetwork Network
Backbone Provider Bridge Frame
B-TAG B-DA
B-SA
6 octets
6 octets
TP BES-VID ID VID
2
2
L/T 2
802.1ad Frame (/w or /wo FCS)
FCS
60 – 1526 octets
4 octets
User Data
FCS
46 – 1500 octets
4 octets
S-TAG C-TAG 802.1ad Frame
C-DA
C-SA
6 octets
6 octets
TP S- TPI SID VID D VID
2
2
2
L/T 2 2
Source: D. Allen, N.Bragg, A. McGuire, A. Reid, „Ethernet as Carrier Transport Infrastructure“, IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2006
• Add a transport hierarchy “MAC in MAC” encapsulation • No learning of customer MAC addresses in the middle of the network • Transport PATHS instead GMPLS or NMS configured • Use global meaning of tag (B-DA (48 bit) and B-VID (12 bit)) 67
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
C-DA
802.1Qay – Provider Backbone Bridging–Traffic Engineering (PBB-TE) B-DA
The Global Label Meaning
Same VLAN-ID
A
C
B-DA
Scalability: • 4096 different paths per B-DA • Reuse of B-VLAN-ID possible • Merging of paths possible
B
Incoming Port
Incoming B-DA / B-VLAN-ID
A
B
A Simplicity: • Inherent knowledge of the destination • Possibility to have PATHS and (multicast) TREES with the same forwarding technology 68
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Outgoing Ports
2008/09/29
B&C
802.1Qay – Provider Backbone Bridging – Traffic Engineering
• A profile of PBB which allows
• •
• • •
69
engineering deterministic, protected, and secured connection oriented trunks and services MAC learning, xSTP, Broadcast unknown frames disabled Management plane is used to set up Ethernet Switched Paths (ESP) • Populates forwarding table • Calculates load for each ESP and allocates to physical link • Also sets up protecting path Alternative: control plane signaling Traffic Engineering 50ms protection switching (G.8031)
© Nokia Siemens Networks
MAC in MAC PB nw
MAC in MAC
Provider Backbone Bridging network
Payload C-VID S-VID SA DA I-SID B-VID B-SA B-DA 802.1ah
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Port 1, S-VID 1, C-VID1 Port 1, S-VID 1, C-VID2 I-SID 1 Port 2 I-SID 2 Trunk (B-DA, B-VID)
2008/09/29
PB nw
PBB / PBB-TE Summary Topic
Status
Availability/Resilience
☺
Predictability
☺
Currently shared end-to-end protection, Restoration mechanisms proposed Configured working and backup paths (SDH-like)
QoS
☺
Similar to IP packet forwarding
☺
Scalability Efficient use of resources
☺
Manageable and simple
☺
Remote configuration
☺
Client/Transport separation, ~4000 paths per destination in PBB-TE with implicit merging Not based on shortest paths, not based on global link weights OAM Mechanisms defined or standard proposed Currently static NMS solutions, GMPLS in discussion Via NMS or Control Plane (in definition)
Pt2Pt, Pt2Mpt, Mpt2Pt, Mpt2Mpt Others (e.g. mobility)
Pt2Pt ☺, Pt2MPt ☺ , other proposals in discussion in discussion (e.g. synchronization)
Standardization status
Many proposals not yet standard (most expected mid/end 2009) First products available
Product status 70
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies • MPLS Basics 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 71
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
MPLS Basics Two Aspects Multi Protocol MPLS is encapsulating Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM and IP and transport them transparently through each network
Label Switching Each packet is marked with a short, fixed-length label Forwarding of packets is based on this label Reservation of resources is associated with this label
72
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
MPLS Basics Acronyms LER
Label Edge Router
LSR
Label Switching Router
Non-MPLS access network Label LSP: Switched Path MPLS Backbone 73
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
MPLS Basics Shim Header Structure Label (20 bits)
L2 Header MPLS Header
CoS S
TTL
IP Packet
32 bits
• • • • •
MPLS header consist of four fields Label—used to associate packet with an LSP Experimental bits—carry packet queuing priority (CoS) Stacking bit Time to live—limits packet lifetime within LSP – In most cases, the IP TTL is copied into the MPLS TTL • Some label values are reserved
74
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
MPLS Principles • “Virtual connections in a connectionless network” • Add a label to an IP packet that encodes a predefined tunnel IP Packet
Label
IP Packet
Label
• Traffic towards different destinations can be separated or aggregated and forwarded along a pre-defined path using only small labels as “routing” decision • Label stacking is possible • Efficient Traffic Engineering due to source routing • Fast resilience mechanisms 1: The edge router classifies packets and adds an MLPS header, see table below to them
75
© Nokia Siemens Networks
2: Small tables, fast “routing”
Label Edge Router (LER)
3: Routing according to IP header
Label Switch Router (LSR)
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
MPLS Major Tasks • Information distribution (network topology and capacity) • Based on existing IP protocols (OSPF, IS-IS, EIGRP) - inband • Path calculation • What are the best paths? • Constraint Based Routing (CBR) • Path setup, label distribution and exchange • Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) • Reservation Protocol (RSVP-TE) • Forwarding of traffic along the MPLS path
76
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Forwarding Principle 3: Last but one router drops the MPLS header
1: The edge router classifies packets and adds an MLPS header to them (see table below)
Label Switch Label Switch Router (LSR) Router (LSR)
Address prefix 129.187.0.0/16 185.222.0.0/16
Label Edge Router (LER) Address prefix 129.187.0.0/16 185.222.0.0/16
Next Hop IP Address 10.152.4.2 10.152.4.2
Out Label A A
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Next Hop IP Address 102.4.4.2 102.4.4.3
2: Forwarding using labels instead of IP addresses Swapping of labels at each intermediate router In Label A
77
4: Routing according to IP header
Out Label C
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Path Setup with RSVP • The Ingress LSR (I-LSR) sends a PATH message along the calculated route (source routing). • Each intermediate router checks if the required bandwidth is available and forwards the message to the tail of the path (last router). • The Egress LSR (E-LSR) sends a RESV message back along the same path. On the way back, the resources are reserved and labels are selected and signaled to the upstream LSR • Paths are updated / refreshed via a “soft-state mechanisms”
I-LSR
PATH message
E-LSR
RESV message
78
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Pros and Cons of MPLS Switching
Advantages: +Aggregation of traffic +Reduction of routing entries +Efficient traffic engineering possibilities (source routing) +Fast and efficient resilience mechanisms +VPN support +GMPLS support
79
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Disadvantages: - Additional technology below the IP Layer - Handling of MPLS paths (number, soft state) - Complexity of Network Configuration - Tight interelation of IP and MPLS makes it quite complex to handle
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Challenge: Is MPLS ready to replace SDH/SONET? Carrier Ethernet will replace SDH/SONET infrastructure over time SONET/SDH infrastructure traditionally designed and managed by transport departments
Transport teams mentality
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Transport teams view on IP/MPLS
Long term statically provisioned paths, pre-determined backup paths
Believe IP/MPLS is not suitable for transport applications
Highly automated operation environment
Consider it to be very complex (LDP, ISIS, OSPF, MPLS-TE, CSPF, FRR,..)
Strong reliance on automated OAM and fault management systems
Do not need dynamic routing protocols, and recovery times too slow
Simple static control plane scores well over complex dynamic control plane
IP/MPLS OAM tools not consistent with transport OAM requirements
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies • T-MPLS 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 81
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
T-MPLS (Transport Multi Protocol Label Switching) • Idea: Use the MPLS concept known from IP and adapt it for forwarding issues defined in ITU-T G8110.1 • Operate independently of its clients and its associated control networks (Management and Signaling Network). “IP/MPLS – IP + SDH” • MPLS with a few changes: • Use of Penultimate Hop Popping is prohibited • Uni-directional and bi-directional LSPs can be defined • Use of global or per interface label space • Three types of Signalling Communication Channels (in-band via native IP packets, in-band via dedicated LSP, out-of band) • OAM based on Y.1711 and Y.1731 • Protection switching (ITU-T Y.1720) • Merging and ECMP is prohibited • Multicasting in alignment to on-going work in IETF S-TAG C-TAG GFP or Ethernet
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
T-MPLS
DA
SA
6 octets
6 octets
TP S- TPI SID VID D VID
2
2
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2
L/T 2 2
User Data
FCS
46 – 1500 octets
4 octets
2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies • MPLS-TP 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 83
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
MPLS-TP standardization process and timeline
MPLS-TP MPLS-TP Timeline:
Joint Working Team
ITU-T - IETF Joint Working Team (JWT) was setup in March 2008 Agreement reached on recommendations: End of April 2008 First draft: July 2008 Expected final agreements: E 2009
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Technologies comparison IP/MPLS
ELS
T-MPLS
PBB-TE
MPLS-TP
Transport oriented Scalable Multipoint support Standardized or in process of standardization
~
~ /~ ~
/~
/~
Terminated by ITU-T
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Market shift from PBB-TE to MPLS-TP The options IP/MPLS
Mature but not transport oriented
T-MPLS
Transport oriented Terminated by ITU-T
NSN focus
T-MPLS
In standardization process
MPLS-TP ELS
PBB-TE
Standardized partly (single tagging) Double use of VID for user-traffic separation and routing
Based on MPLS maturity Enhanced for Transport
In standardization process Not mature No Control plane No multipoint support
MPLS-TP MPLS Transport Profile IP/MPLS & L2 MPLS can be categories as IETF MPLS 86
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Nokia Siemens Networks is a major player in MPLS-TP standardization MPLS
• Connection Oriented • Lacks some transport capabilities
JWT
T-MPLS
• A subset of MPLS plus additional capabilities providing packet transport • Uses the same Ether type as MPLS but some mechanisms are not compatible with MPLS
Nokia Siemens Networks has participants in the Joint Working Team Nokia Siemens Networks acts as author and co-author for requirements, framework and solution documents
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2. Requirements
3. Frameworks
4. Solution Documents
2.1 MPLS-TP 2.2 OAM 2.3 Network management
3.1 MPLS-TP 3.2 3.3 OAM 3.4 Survivability 3.4.1 for LSPs 3.4.2 for PWs 3.6 Control Plane 3.7 Network Management
4.1 Generic ACH Alert Label Definition 4.2 ACH definition 4.3 OAM Procedure document 4.3.1 OAM Analysis document 4.3.2 OAM Tool documents 4.4 Survivability 4.4.1 Linear Protection 4.4.2 Ring Protection 4.5 Control Plane protocols
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
What is MPLS-TP? A new standard focused on extending MPLS as a viable transport option to help building the next generation packet transport network Being developed by IETF as a result of a collaboration between IETF and ITU-T via joint working team (JWT)
Objective: To bring transport requirements into IETF MPLS and extend IETF MPLS forwarding, OAM survivability, network management and control plane protocols to meet those requirements through IETF standard process The JWT is divided into multiple sub-groups focused on:
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Forwarding plane
Protection
OAM
Control plane
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Management
2008/09/29
MPLS-TP defines a profile of MPLS targeted at Transport applications. This addresses specific MPLS characteristics and extensions required to meet transport requirements.
OAM extensions
MPLS-TP profile
Control Plane extensions
Survivability extensions
Management extensions
Alert Label Definition extensions
MPLS-TP foundation The architecture for a transport profile of MPLS (MPLS-TP) is based on IETF MPLS (RFC 3031) & IETF PWE3 (RFC 3985)
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Desire: To make MPLS more Transport Oriented Configuration of
NMS Point & Click
LSP’s & PWE’s via NMS and later dynamic control plane
LSP and PWE management via external
OAM and Data path
LSP, PWE, OAM
must be congruent (use the same path)
Protection and OAM
works independent of control plane
mechanism works within the MPLS architecture
LSP’s, PWE’s nesting similar to SONET/SDH environments
Management plane: Configuration of LSP, PWE with point & click MPLS-TP
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Control plane:
Optional and separated from data plane
Data plane:
Data, OAM, protection congruent within architecture
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
The Goal for the MPLS-TP technology MPLS-TP will enable the migration of SONET/SDH networks to a packet-based network that will easily scale to support packet services in a simple and cost effective way.
Efficient support of
packet based services on the transport network
Control and deterministic usage of network resources
Sonet/SDH
comparable Reliability and Operational Simplicity
MPLS-TP for Connection Oriented services, scalability and flexibility
Ethernet Economics Utilisation
Preserve the look-and-feel to which carriers have become accustomed to deploying SDH/Sonet networks
End-to-End monitoring
and control of customer services
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Main characteristics of MPLS-TP No modification of MPLS forwarding/data plane architecture Current Standards for LSP’s and PWE’s construct Configure LSP’s and PWE’s via Management plane Bidirectional and congruent point-to-point LSP’s Framework supporting transport OAM capabilities for PWE’s, LSP’s Complete Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and Security (FCAPS)
Ability for LSP’s and PWE’s to be managed at different nested levels (path, segment, multiple segments) Interoperability with existing control and forwarding plane
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
MPLS Transport Profile - Terminology
Emulated Service
Pseudo-wire (PWE)
Multi-node LSP network
CE1
Attachment Circuit
Attachment Circuit PE1
PW1
PE2
Definition of an MPLS Transport Profile (TP) within IETF MPLS standards Based on PWE3 and LSP forwarding architecture IETF MPLS architecture concepts
The major construct of the transport profile for MPLS are LSPs
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
CE2
End to End LSP operations LFIB:AB-BC
Primary Path
PW-L, AB
LFIB:CD-DE
LSP OAM
DE, PW-L
E
LFIB:BC-CD
A
YZ, PW-L LFIB:XY-YZ
PW-L, AW
LFIB:AW-WX
Backup Path
LFIB:WX-XY
LSP OAM
Path diversity is not part of the OAM process. It is the responsibility of the Control Plane OAM function uses GAL with Generic Channel Association Pre-provisioned primary and backup paths LSP OAM running on primary and back-up paths OAM failure on backup path
Alert NMS
OAM failure on primary path A and E updating LFIB to send and receive PW-L traffic over backup path 94
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Overview: OAM hierarchy and mechanisms A
B L1/L2
C
D
L1/L2
L1/L2
E
F
L1/L2
L1/L2
Segment LSP Midpoint End to End LSP Pseudo-wire
L0/L1: Loss of Light; G.709, SONET/SDH LoS, LoF, ES, SES (NOT DISCUSSED)
Non MPLS L2 connectivity: Native L2 solution 802.1ag (Not Discussed) , Non IP BFD Failure propagation across layers is supported by this architecture
General LSPs : Generic Exception Label and Generic Associated Channel Includes End to End and segment LSPs Used to carry a variety of OAM, Mgmt, signalling protocols.
Pseudo-wires : PWE3 Associated Channel 95
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
LSP example - end to end and per carrier monitoring
PE PE
Carrier 1
NNI
PE PE
PP
PP
PE PE
Carrier 2 NNI
PE PE
PE PE
PP
PE PE
NNI
end endto toend endLSP LSPOAM OAM MEP
MIP
MIP segment segmentLSP LSPOAM OAM (carrier 1) (carrier 1)
MEP
MIP
MIP
MIP segment segmentLSP LSP OAM OAM (inter (intercarrier) carrier)
MEP MEP
MIP
MEP
segment segmentLSP LSPOAM OAM (carrier 2) (carrier 2)
MEP MEP
MIP
MEP
A segment is between MEPs OAM is end to end or per segment In SDH/OTN and Ethernet segment OAM is implemented using Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) The OAM in each segment is independent of any other segment Recovery actions (Protection or restoration) are always between MEPs i.e. per segment or end to end
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MEP: Maintenance End Point MIP: Maintenance Intermediate Point
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 97
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Market Trends in Infrastructure Growth of Internet, Video Services, hence IP traffic Revenue shifts from voice to data Effective technology for carrying IP
Ethernet Cost points drops Video accelerate the problem IP traffic doubles every year Drives infrastructure migration from SDH to packet – hence Ethernet Technology dominance
Packet All Packet
All TDM TDM Yesterday
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Today
Tomorrow
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
The migration to CET covers all IPT business lines and is key IPT strategy • Migration from NG-SDH installed base • Evolution to hybrid platform with CET connectivity
From TDM to Packet From current switches to NG portfolio From existing base to optimized networks
• Migration from existing non-Connection oriented L2 aggregation
• Multilayer optimization: L1 to L3 • Greenfield overlay with Carrier Ethernet Transport • Interworking with customer edge (L2, L3) and provider edge (L3) as well as with 3rd party L2 Carrier Ethernet Transport
Microwave Packet Radio Hybrid NG Metro
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
Multi-reach DWDM NMS
CET Switches
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Migration towards Carrier Ethernet Transport Evolution of Ethernet in all network technologies IP/MPLS
IP
Classical IP/MPLS T-MPLS MPLS-TP
Carrier Switches
PBB-TE PBB ELS
Classical Ethernet
Microwave TDM
Classical Ethernet
Integration of Ethernet functionality
Hybrid Packet/TDM
SDH/SONET
WDM/OTN
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ROADM/PXC
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Ethernet ADM with GFP-T/F
Integration of Ethernet/ODU-Switching Ethernet ADM with L2 Switch
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
Integration of Ethernet functionality
2008/09/29
CET Migration Scenarios A. Replacement of TDM by Packet Transport Platform based on c/o Ethernet – Deployment of a new Packet Transport platform to replace SDH/SONET TDM platform.
B. Hybrid (TDM/Packet) scenario – Hybrid platform deployment for all new traffic (packet and TDM) in a jointly network with an existing NG-SDH platform for TDM traffic
TDM + Packet
C. Integration of Ethernet in DWDM – GbE add/drop cards or L2 switch cards allows cost-efficient and scalable DSLAM aggregation / mobile backhaul in metro aggregation networks
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Rethinking the Role of the Layers
Services Layer 3 IP/MPLS IP/MPLS
Service-awareness High-touch networking
Fun ctio n sp lit
Layer 2
SONET/SDH SONET/SDH
Layer 1
Transition
Efficient end-to-end carrier-grade packet transport pt-pt, pt-mpt, mpt-pt, mpt-mpt ETHERNET ETHERNET
IncludingAggregation, Aggregation,Metro Metroand andCore Core Including
OTN/WDM OTN/WDM
Common OTN/WDM infrastructure
IP is the convergence platform for applications and services. services Ethernet and OTN/WDM will be the convergence platform for transport. transport 102
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Carrier Ethernet Transport in a Multilayer Network Optimized Transport based on Packet, TDM and Optics Subscriber/ Service
Access
Aggregation
Edge
Functionality only where needed Minimize intermediate routing - offload routers
Core Layer 3 / IP
Residential
LER
LSR LSR
IP, Voice, Video
DSLAM
Layer 2 / Carrier Ethernet Transport
Business Access Switch
L2 VPN Leased Line, E-Line
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GPON FTTH
Metro DWDM
Core DWDM
Service Awareness Packet routing Traffic Engineering Robust network (Restoration) Packet switching Traffic Engineering Robust network Native layer 2 Predictable behavior Carrier Grade OAM Cost efficient 2.5Gbps, 10Gbps, 40Gbps, 100Gbps
Native transport Optimal mix of intermediate of services on grooming and routing and the lowest possible layer transparent bypass dependent on service (Ethernet + WDM) WDM Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks requirements and cost © Nokia Siemens Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com 2008/09/29
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Requirements for Transport Networks 3. Ethernet Basics 4. Carrier Ethernet Evolution 5. Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies 6. Carrier Ethernet Transport Network Architecture & Solutions • Applications 7. Outlook Towards Future Internet Architectures 8. Conclusion 104
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Carrier Ethernet enables service providers to deliver a wide range of mission-critical applications Inter-LAN or Inter-PABX Ethernet, Storage, Video (surveillance)
VPLS or VPLS-TE Service Video conference, Ethernet PMP, Intranet access Customer site
Customer site Customer HQ
Customer HQ
Carrier Ethernet
Customer site
Customer site
Customer HQ
High Speed Internet Access
Customer HQ
VPLS r Group
High Speed Access to IP-VPN Low cost access combined Customer with centralized router site to offer IP VPN
Carrier Ethernet
Carrier Ethernet www Customer site
Multi-Service Access Customer HQ
IP VPN OC-3/STM1 or NxT1/E1 Customer site
Carrier Ethernet
IP VPN
T1/E1
Network Customer site VPLS: Virtual Private LAN Services 105
© Nokia Siemens Networks
VPN: Virtual Private Network
Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
CET Solution Focus addresses three main operator broadband challenges Residential and broadband • High Speed Internet (HSI) • IPTV, VoD • Voice
Mobile Backhauling • TDM PWE3 (CESoP) for 2G backhaul
2G
• Ethernet backhaul for 3G, I-HSPA, LTE & WiMAX
LTE
WiMax 3G
• Synchronous Ethernet
Business Services • E-Line, E-LAN (TE, non TE), E-Tree (Hub & Spoke) • SAN, legacy technologies (TDM, clock sync)
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Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
2008/09/29
Mobile Backhaul – QoS BSC E1 Eth
STM-1
RNC
E1 Eth
Mobile Operator QoS mapping and Traffic Policing on UNI ports
CET (MPLS-TP)
CET (Ethernet)
Eth
Fixed Operator
Traffic Engineered paths for different traffic types
Low Delay, Low Jitter and zero Packet Loss for realtime traffic types: ToP Synchronization, Signaling and Control, Voice
MPLS-TP isisQoS-enabled MPLS-TP QoS-enabledTransport Transportnetwork, network,providing providingTraffic TrafficEngineering,Queuing, Engineering,Queuing, NG-CET 1200 NG-CET 2200-1G Scheduling, Scheduling,Policing Policing\\and \\andMapping Mappingcapabilities capabilitiesthat thatmeet meetMobile Mobilesystem systemE2E E2Erequirements requirements NG-CET M
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NG-CET Networks 2008 - Carrier Ethernet Transport in Metro and Core Networks Claus G. Gruber, Achim Autenrieth, {claus.gruber,achim.autenrieth}@nsn.com
L 2008/09/29
Mobile Backhaul – OAM Service level OAM: Delay, Jitter, Frame loss (Y.1731)
BSC E1 Eth
STM-1
RNC
E1 Eth
Mobile Operator Performance Monitoring: • Service level • LSP level • Statistics History • Traffic Crossing Alarms
CET (MPLS-TP)
CET (Ethernet)
Fixed Operator LSP OAM (Delay, Jitter, Frame loss ) Fault Management: • Link, segment and E2E Service continuity Check to identify failures
Network Maintenance: • Loopback • Ping and Traceroute
Protection Triggering: • Service & LSP OAM triggers Protection Switching events in