CCS for industrial applications - Sintef

Industrial CCS Demonstrated at TCM Michael Koch

Agenda

CCS solutions within Alstom

Why industrial CCS?

Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery

Norcem – CCS from cement production

Conclusion

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 2 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

3 main activities in 4 sectors* Equipment & services for power generation

Equipment & services for rail transport

Alstom Thermal Power

Alstom Transport

Alstom Renewable Power

Equipment & services for power transmission

Alstom Grid

* Organisation as of 4 July 2011 - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 3 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Alstom’s 3 Pillar Strategy to stabilise CO2emissions Stabilising Power Emissions is possible …… With solutions that are available today 1. •

Technology Mix Balancing the generation portfolio by significantly increasing the share of Renewables and CO2 free technology

2. •

Production Efficiency and Energy Management (Smart Power) Efficiency is a key to emissions reduction

3. •

Carbon Capture and Storage With 60% of the installed base in 2030 being fossil fuels, CCS is a must.

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 4 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

CCS as part of Alstom Clean Power strategy Power CO2 Emissions

Hydro

Technology Mix Efficiency CCS

* Conventional islands

Wind, solar geothermal

Nuclear* & biomass

Efficiency: Plant optimisation & retrofit 2005

BAU 2030 900 ppm +5oC

Stabilize Needed emissions path 550 ppm 450ppm +30C +20C max

First CO2 capture demo plant in the world

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 5 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Technologies developed by Alstom CO2 capture technologies pursued by Alstom

Post-combustion (New + retrofit)

1st generation

• Advanced Amines

Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit)

• Oxy combustion with Air Separation Unit

• Chilled Ammonia • Carbonate Looping

• Chemical Looping Combustion - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 6

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Agenda

CCS solutions within Alstom

Why industrial CCS?

Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery

Norcem – CCS from cement production

Conclusion

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 7 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

CO2 emissions, Power and Industry World CO2 emissions by industry (2008)

Estimated emissions BAU in 2030 (GtCO2/yr)

Power Generation

17.4

Iron & Steel

3.0

Cement

2.6

Largest emitting sectors

0.9

Refineries Petrochemicals and Fertilizer.

Fertilizer

0.75

Petrochemicals

Other non ferrous metals (incl. Alum.)

Next largest sources (smaller, more fragmented)

Food & Tobacco Pulp & Paper

0

1

2

11

12

GtCO2 / yr - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 8 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Sources of CO2 Emissions by industrial sector 2008 : 7,4 GtCO2 Other industries 25%

2050 : 16,4 GtCO2

Cement 27%

Other industries 37%

Cement 15%

Iron and steel 19%

High-purity sources 7% Refineries 10% Iron and steel 31%

High-purity sources 23%

Refineries 6%

Direct industrial CO2 emission projections in the ETP Baseline Scenario

Source: IEA-Unido report – Sept 11 – IEA analysis

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 9 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Sources of CO2 Emissions

Industrial CO2 Sources and Recovery Technologies Conventional CO2 Recovery Industrial Sector I

CO2 Recovery Technologies

Processes

Natural Gas Processing

Conventional, e.g. Gasification

High-purity CO2 Sources

Coal/Biomass

- Physical Sorbents - Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA)

H2/Syngas

Production

Partial Oxidation

Natural Gas/Heavy Residue

Reforming Natural Gas / Naphtha

- Membrane Separation and

- Cryogenic Separation

Established Technologies for Process Gases - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 10 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Sources of CO2 Emissions

Industrial CO2 Sources and Recovery Technologies New CO2 Recovery Technologies

Industrial Sector II

CO2 Recovery Technologies

Processes Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals

Low-purity CO2 Sources

Process Heaters & Utilities

Cement Iron & Steel

New CO2 Recovery Technologies

CC from flue gas

Pulp & Paper

Industrial Application of CCS for Flue Gas - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 11 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Agenda

CCS solutions within Alstom

Why industrial CCS?

Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery

Norcem – CCS from cement production

Conclusion

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 12 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Chilled Ammonia - TCM Validation Pilot • Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) for flue gases from a catalytic cracker (refinery) and natural gas CHP plant

• Designed to capture 80000 tons CO2/year • Status: installation >95% complete  Cold commissioning on-going  Start-up with solution strength build up Q2-2012  Tuning summer 2012

• First Chilled Ammonia pilot on industrial source

• “Real” industrial flue gas: • Dedicated sulphur injection • Dust • Nitrous oxides

Validating the industrial application of CCS - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 13 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Chilled Ammonia Process Technology Overview Principle • Ammonium carbonate solution reacts with CO2 of cooled flue gas to form ammonium bicarbonate • Raising the temperature reverses this reaction, pressurized CO2 is released, the solution is recycled

Advantages • High CO2 purity: potential utilization • Tolerant to oxygen and flue gas impurities • Stable reagent, no degradation nor emission of trace contaminants • Low-cost, globally available reagent

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 14 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Chilled Ammonia Development Road Map

Industrial Pilots

Test Rigs

Alstom Vaxjö Sweden 0.25 MWth

Validation Pilots

We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - 5 MWth, Coal EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth, Oil

2016

2009

2008

2006

AEP Mountaineer Product Validation Facility USA - 58 MWth, Coal TCM Mongstad Norway - 40 MWth, Cracker & Gas (RCC & CHP)

Commercial by 2016

Large-scale demonstration

AEP Mountaineer Commercial Scale Project US - >200 MWe, Coal

Turceni Feasibility Romania - >200 MWe, Lignite

Selected by US DOE to receive CCPI Round 3 funding

Tests completed

Under construction

Selected for Norwegian State funding

In operation

Targeted

Roadmap to Commercialization © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Agenda

CCS solutions within Alstom

Why industrial CCS?

Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery

Norcem – CCS from cement production

Conclusion

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 16 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Norcem study: CCS from cement production • Alstom and Norcem/Heidelberg Cement cooperation to study CCS from cement • 2 technologies evaluated: − Chilled Ammonia Process, 1st generation − Regenerative Calcium Cycle (RCC), i.e., carbonate looping; 2nd generation

• Both highly suitable for integration with cement plant: waste heat usage possible • Both technologies suitable for application in cement off-gas: − Resistant to contaminants − Efficient at high CO2 concentrations (>20 vol %) - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 17 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Principle – integration with cement production

(quicklime)

Consumed limestone is used as quicklime in the cement process

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 18 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Key features of RCC • Competitive and sound post combustion capture technology • Heat input directly to RCC calciner: No additional process steam consumer • CO2 capture rate of > 80 to 90% achievable • Consumed limestone is re-used (cement process) • Optimization potential through integration

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 19 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Agenda

CCS solutions within Alstom

Why industrial CCS?

Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery

Norcem – CCS from cement production

Conclusion

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 20 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Conclusions • CO2 emissions from the industrial sector are significant and cannot be 100% substituted by renewables/nuclear

• Capturing CO2 emissions from the industrial sector is leading towards CO2 free industry • Alstom is today developing and demonstrating CCS solutions highly suitable for industrial applications • Alstom will demonstrate successful CO2 capture from a refinery in Norway in 2012 using CAP. • Alstom is currently developing CO2 capture technologies and is on the good path to commercialise the technology by 2016

Alstom: a key partner in CCS! - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 21 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

www.power.alstom.com

Example from History Wet FGD Gypsum replaced natural Product Of the 60 million tons of gypsum produced worldwide, nearly half is made from synthetic gypsum

Natural gypsum resources are limited. Synthetic/chemical gypsum is alternative to non-renewable natural resource. Main sources: Desulfuration of flue gases, Phosphoric acid, other mineral acids (citric acid, etc.), the neutralization of acidic water (sulfuric acid) from the titanium dioxide industry.

Will what happen on Gypsum hppen to CO2 as well? Carbon Capture – A Future Change or …, Messer Event - 21 Oct 2011 - P 23 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Chilled Ammonia Process Demonstration Facility at AEP Mountaineer Technology Demonstration Program • Host facility same as Product Validation Facility currently operating

• Larger CCS facility ~235 MW for 1.5 MtCO / yr 2

• FEED on going, scheduled mid/end 2011 • Project target: start operation in 2015

Mountaineer Power Plant existing facility

• Project selected by US DOE to receive CCPI Round 3 funding under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act – Total funding of $334

Selected by US DOE to receive CCPI Round 3 funding - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 24 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Post-technology Large scale Facility at Keephills 3 - Canada Project Pioneer - Transalta - Alberta • Keephills 3, new PC coal PP Edmonton - Alberta (on line in 2011)

• Phase 1: FEED 2008 –> 2011 • Targeted commissioning: 2015 • 1 Mt CO2/yr capture (>200 MWe eq). EOR storage targeted

• CAD778 million awarded in federal and provincial funding

Construction of Keephills 3 new coal-fired generating station (host site)

Project selected to receive Government fundings - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 25 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Oxy-Combustion Process Potential for large demo Vattenfall - Jaenschwalde

Main features • Existing plant, oxy on 250 MWe eq. Gross per unit

• Location: 100 km SE of Berlin • Lignite fuel • Selected under EEPR programme • Feasibility study completed by Alstom on April 2009 for oxy-boiler and subsequent FG cleaning. Source: Vattenfall

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 26 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

CO2 transport and storage Storage basins

Onshore storage: Weyburn, Canada (2 Mt/y since 2000) Transport:>5000km of CO2 pipelines (mainly US)

Offshore storage:Sleipner, Norway (1Mt/y since 1996) Snovit, Norway (0.7 Mt/y since 2007)

Onshore storage: In Salah, Algeria (1.1Mt/y since 2004)

Storage prospectivity Highly prospective Prospective Non-prospective

Storage potential shows good promises - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 27 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Alstom’s answer to CO2 challenges Power sector-related CO2 emissions N° 1 hydro Tidal

Emissions CO2 (Gt/y) Technology Mix Efficiency CCS

Wind and geothermal N° 1 nuclear (conventional islands) & biomass

Efficiency: Plant optimisation & retrofit

2005

Ref 2030 1000 ppm +6oC

Stabilize Needed emissions path 550 ppm 450ppm +30C +20C max

First CO2 capture demo plant in the world

Alstom offers a portfolio of clean integrated solutions - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 28 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

The Alstom Group: Power sector: a worldwide leader in its activities TOTAL ORDER 2008/09 24.6 €bn

Transport 8.1 €bn

N°1 in hydro power

N°1 in integrated power plants

N°1 in conventional nuclear power island

Recent acquisition of wind power

N°1 in air quality control systems

N°1 in services for electric utilities

48,4%

Systems 11.9 €bn 48,4%

Service 4.6 €bn

Power 16.5 €bn 67,1%

18,7%

Coal, Gas, Hydro, Nuclear, Wind = Full Power Systems Portfolio

- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 29 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Overview of CCS market potential Power CO2 reduction options Power generation CO2 emissions 20 Reference scenario

Reduced demand

15 Nuclear, renewable

102 GT CO

More efficient fossil plants CCS (Retrofit and New) Needed path:Scientific community target

450 ppm / +2°C max

5

0 2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

Source: Alstom, adapted from IEA WEO 2009 scenario

Depending scenarios, 0,5 to 2 GtCO2 avoided is needed through CCS to reduce substantially emissions by 2030 - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 30 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Status of CCS development Concept

Lab testing

Demonstration

Capture

Potential future breakthrough technologies High surface solids, enzyme,algae, solid absorbent Membranes Antisublimation

First projects are coming online now

Oxy

Transport & Storage

Component technologies are mature; integrated platform to be proven

Several projects are operational (e.g., Weyburn (Canada)). EU has limited EOR potential

Advanced Amine Chilled Ammonia

Chemical looping

CO2- EGR

Capture Transport Storage

Commercial Commercial refinements needed

Saline aquifers

Sleipner (Norway) field has been operational for around 10 years

Depleted oil and gas fields

Have been used for seasonal gas storage for decades

CO2- Transport EOR Off-shore

Transport On-shore

US has existing CO2 pipeline network of more than 5000 kilometers

Source: Adapted from McKinsey - Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 31 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.