CE 484 - HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

CE 484 - HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING SYSTEMS Winter Term 2001 16 period, 8:00 to 10:05 PM BEC 157 Current Catalog Data: Fundamentals of hydraulics, including properties of water; hydrostatic forces and pressures; flow, head losses, and related phenomena in pipes; river hydrograph routing; statistical hydrology; flow in open channels; culvert design; applied hydraulic modeling. Prerequisite: CE 333. 3 hours (1.0 S, 2.0 D). Textbook: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering. A. L. Prasuhn, Holt. Rinehart and Winston. 1987. Recommended: Computer-Assisted Floodplain Hydrology & Hydraulics, 2nd edition. D.H. Hoggan. McGraw-Hill. 1996. Instructor: Bob Pitt Course Goals: Introduce students to current practices in hydraulic engineering, especially in the practical design of open channels and culverts, including ecological conflicts with channel design. Practice in the use of current design and evaluation models. Prerequisite by Topic: Basic water flow behavior, drainage design procedures, and rainfall-runoff mechanisms (as developed in CE 333). Class Topics: Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Introduction (ch. 1) Fluid mechanics review (ch. 2) River routing (ch 3.8) Statistical hydrology (ch. 5) Pipeline flow (ch. 6) Open channel hydraulics under steady and unsteady flows (ch. 7) Maximum permissible velocity (ch. 8 and handouts) Stream stability classifications (handouts) Designing for safety (handouts) Channel design with aquatic habitat considerations (handouts) Culverts and bridge crossings (ch. 11.3) 4 12. Introudction to HEC RAS (handouts)

Approx. Hrs 2 2 2 2 4 8 2 2 2 2

8

No class on Monday, January 15 (MLK Holiday, UAB closed) Last class March 7, 2001 Final Exam March 14, 2001, 7 to 10 pm Significant class assignments: • Chapter problem assignments will be due the week following the completion of the chapter material. Problems will be collected at the end of the term. • Written examinations will be given twice during the term. The final exam will be a computer design project using HEC-RAS and a set of local conditions. The exams will be take-home assignments using the material covered in class. • A major laboratory exercise will also be conducted in the hydraulic’s laboratory to investigate open channel flow phenomenon, especially water surface profiles and flow behavior in culverts. We will spend one night in the lab, but it is likely that additional time will be needed by students to complete the experiments. It is recommended that students work in small groups, depending on their available

time. All students will be required to submit complete laboratory reports that will be due on the last night of class. • A field assignment to evaluate an existing natural channel for long-term stability. Again, a written report will be required. Grading policy: approximate weighs for assignments: 55% first exams/projects/labs, 10% homework, 35% final examination. If you need to know your final class grade before it is mailed by the University, you must give me a stamped, self-addressed envelope at our last class meeting. It is against University regulations for the Departmental office to give out grades, so don’t even ask! If you complete an assignment as given, and it is correct and presented in a professional manner, you will have done what is expected and will receive an “above average” grade. You will receive an “excellent” grade only for work of an outstanding caliber. Design Activities: Most class assignments and all examination projects are centered around design problems. The design of hydraulic structures, such as open channels, requires consideration of varied environmental factors, including flood protection and biological integrity. In addition, maintenance issues are also an important factor in design. The design problems address these, among other, issues. Computer Activities: An important aspect of this class is gaining familiarity with current computer-assisted design programs. After theoretical discussions and manual calculations, students spend a significant amount of time applying HEC-RAS to these previous problems and to an actual local problem. Laboratory Activities: An extensive laboratory activity to investigate various open channel phenomenon (including culvert behavior) is included in this class. In addition, students perform an analyses of channel stability in the field. Demonstration of Written Communication Skills: All examinations are by written project reports. Demonstration of Oral Communication Skills: Periodically, class members make very brief presentations of individual project progress. Inter-disciplinary and Project Work: Students are encouraged to work together outside of class on their design, computer, and research projects. In addition, the hydraulics laboratory assignment is a team effort, where the students work together as a team to obtain the needed information. They then individually analyze the data and prepare separate laboratory reports. Understanding of Ethical, Social, Economic, and Safety Considerations: These are all significant factors related to the design of open channels and most hydraulic problems and are therefore addressed in this class. Safety is especially important, notably water safety associated with hydraulic structures located in urban areas. Estimated ABET Category Content: 1. Engineering Science 2. Engineering Design 3. Mathematics 4. Other

1 Semester Hours or 33% 2 Semester Hours or 67% None None

Notes: Environmental engineering practice requires cooperative efforts between many disciplines and other engineers. In addition, accuracy and complete documentation of procedures and information sources is mandatory. Any presentations (written or oral) must also be of professional quality. In order to gain appropriate experience and to make your engineering education as relevant as possible to engineering practice, the following grading criteria will be used in this class:

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You are expected to attend all class sessions, except for unusual circumstances, and participate in class discussions. You are expected to complete all assignments in a timely manner. You may work together on these assignments, and they are expected to be of a professional caliber (neat, well documented, and correct). Routine homework assignments will be collected at the end of the term (on the day of the final). However, students may be periodically called upon to present and discuss homework solutions to the class. Special project assignments and labs (including possible take-home exams) will be collected for grading during the term. Not all project assignments will have obvious “correct” answers, nor will all needed information necessarily be given to you. You will probably be required to use the library and other resources to obtain needed information. Major assignments may at times seem vague, just as in the real world.

Detailed Course Outline and Handout Materials: •

Unit 1. Introduction: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering, A.L. Prasuhn, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987, Chapter 1, Introduction (pp. 1-6). General “Significant figures” (Standard Methods, 19th edition, pg. 1-17) History of hydraulic engineering “Bridge to the past” (J.A. O’Kon. Civil Engineering, Jan 1995, pg. 62-65) “Milford dam in Maine could be state’s last stand on hydropower” (U.S. Water News, Aug 1991, pg. 5). “Dam breaching; the rest of the story” (S.B. Tatro, Civil Engineering, April 1999, pp. 50-55). Failures of hydraulic structures “The Johnstown flood revisted, Part 1” (A.R. Pagan, Civil Engineering NEWS, Jan 1991, pp 19-20). “The Johnstown flood revisted, Part 2” (A.R. Pagan, Civil Engineering NEWS, Feb 1991, pp 25-26). “Buttress will support high arch” (ENR Cover Story, ENR, April 27, 1989, pp. 31-33). “There’s progress but threat remains” (ENR Feature, ENR, April 27, 1989, pp. 34-35). “Leakproofing an RCC dam” (R.M. Lemons, Civil Engineering, Oct 1988, pp. 58-60). “Why did the dam burst?” (K. Pattison, Invention & Technology, Summer 1998, pp. 23-31). “Frustration, water on rise” (The Birmingham News, March 17, 1996, pg. 15a). Ethics of failure and the engineering process “Predicting disaster (H. Petroski, American Scientist, March-Apr 1993, pp. 110-113). “The fifty-nine –story crisis” (J. Morgenstern, The New Yorker, May 29, 1995, pp. 45-53). •

Unit 2. Review of Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering, A.L. Prasuhn, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987, Chapter 2, Review of Fluid Mechanics (pp. 7-22). “Hydraulics of rigid vs. flexible pipe” (Concrete Pile News, June 1992, pp. 10-13). “Problems in using the Manning equation to measure sewer flow” (J.D. Wright, Water Environment & Technology, Sept 1991, pp. 78-87). • Unit 3. Stream Flow Routing : Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering, A.L. Prasuhn, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987, Chapter 3.8, Hydrology (pp. 55-69). “Hydraulic channel routing” (handout notes) •

Unit 4. Statistical Analyses of Hydrological Data: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering, A.L. Prasuhn, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987, Chapter 5, Statistical Analysis of Hydrological Data (pp. 108-134). “Fair coins and life’s winners and losers” (J.A. Paulos, Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and its Consequences, Quality Paperback Books, pp. 43-48. 1988.)

“Probability plotting and frequency analysis” (Frequency Analysis, pp. 128-133). Probability plotting paper. •

Unit 5. Hydraulics of Pipe Flow: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering, A.L. Prasuhn, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987, Chapter 6, Pipelines (pp. 135-190). Figure: Circular pipe capacities (flowing full) (Steel and McGhee, Water Supply and Sewerage, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, 1979). Figure: Area, wetted perimeter and hydraulic radius of partially filled circular pipes. (Professional Publications, San Carlos, CA). Figure: Flow in old cast-iron pipes. (Steel and McGhee, Water Supply and Sewerage, 5th edition, McGrawHill, 1979). “Self-cleansing velocities” (Hancor HDP Drainage Handbook, from ASCE). “Trenchless sewer reconstruction in Nashville” (D.W. Bible, Water Environment & Technology, May 1992, pp. 44-46) “An end to trench warfare” (R. Stalnaker, Water Environment & Technology, May 1992, pp. 47-53) •

Unit 6. Open Channel Flow and Water Surface Profiles: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering, A.L. Prasuhn, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987, Chapter 7, Open Channel Hydraulics (pp. 191-264). “State of flow in open channels, as determined by Reynolds and Froude numbers” (handout notes) “Uniform flow computation” (handout notes) Figure: Curves for determining the normal depth (Fig 6-1, Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959). Figure: Nomograph for solution of the Manning formula (Appendix C, Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959). “Problems in using the Manning equation to measure sewer flow” (J.D. Wright, Water Environment & Technology, Sept 1991, pp. 78-87). “Roughness coefficients of large floods” (D.J. Trieste and R.D. Jarrett, Irrigation Systems for the 21st Century, ASCE, 1987, pp. 32-40) “Manning’s coefficient calculated from test data” (D.E. Bloodgood and J.M. Ball, J WPCF, Feb 1961, pp. 175183). Figures: Photos of channels having various n values (Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959). “Practical hydraulics for the public works engineer” Figures: Example channel cross-sections and stream profile (Fig 12.3, J.D. Kanan, Applied Hydraulics, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1986) “The section factor for critical-flow computation” (section 4-2, Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959). “Alternative stages of flow and critical depth” (J.D. Kanan, Applied Hydraulics, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1986, pp. 396-409). “Rethinking flood-control channel design” (P.B. Williams, Civil Engineering, Jan 1990, pp. 57-59) Table: Types of flow profiles in prismatic channels (Tab 9-1,Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959). Figure: Classification of flow profiles for gradually varied flow (Fig 9-2, Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959). Figure: Examples of flow profiles (Fig 9-4, Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959). • Unit 7: Maximum Permissible Velocity: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering, A.L. Prasuhn, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987, Chapter 8, Mechanics of Sediment Transport (pp. 265-334). “Bed-load sediment transport” (handout notes) Figure: Critical mean velocity in the cross-section vs. particle diameter. “Predicting sediment loads” (K.P. Singh and A. Durgunoglu, Civil Engineering, Oct 1992, pp. 64-65). Figure: Geometric elements of channel sections. “Determination of section dimensions for nonerodible channels” (articles 7-7 and 7-8, Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959).

“The maximum permissible velocity” (articles 7-9, 7-10, 7-16, 7-17, 7-18, 7-19, and Appendix B figures, Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959). Misc. vender information sheets on erosion control matting for channel linings. •

Unit 8: Stream Stability Classifications “A classification of natural rivers” (D. Rosgen, Catena, June 1994, pp. 169-199). Excerpts from: Applied River Morphology, D. Rosgen, Wildland Hydrology, 1996. Excerpts from: Field Guide for Stream Classification, D. Rosgen, Wildland Hydrology, 1998. “Large woody debris in urban streams of the Pacific Northwest” (D.B. Booth, D.R. Montgomery, and J. Bethel, Effects of Watershed Development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems, ASCE, 1997). •

Unit 9: Designing for Safety “Safety considerations in urban storm drainage design” (S.J. March and J.E. Flack, Second Inter. Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, IAWQ, 1981). “Drownproofing of low overflow structures” (H.J. Leutheusser and W.M. Birk, J. Hydraulic Engineering, Feb 1991, pp. 205-213). “Accidental drownings by cause and site” (Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., Statistical Bulletin, June 1977). “An inter-state drowning study” (E. Press, J. Walker, and I. Crawford, American Journal of Public Health, Dec. 1968, pp. 2275-2289). “Dams and reservoirs” (Maine Legislative Service, Vol. 1, ch. 787, subsection 251-254 and 180-186, pp. 332336). “Open ditches” (Mont. Rev. Code. Secs 11-4001 thru 11-4002, 1947, supp. 1975). “Reducing hazards to people and animals on reclamation canals” (H. Latham, and J.M. Verzuh, US Dept of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1971). “Thoughtful design is prime factor in water safety” (J. Harlan Glenn & Assoc. Lake Line, May 1991, pp. 4-8). •

Unit 10: Channel Design with Aquatic Habitat Considerations “Corps of Engineers charts new course” (A.B. Nichols, Water Environment & Technology, Jan 1991, pp. 4346). Excerpts from: Channelized Rivers, Perspectives for Environmental Management (Chapter V; Biological Impacts, and Recommendations, A. Brookes, John Wiley & Sons, 1988). “Design practices for channels receiving urban runoff: examples from the River Thames catchment, UK (A. Brookes, Urban Runoff and Receiving Systems, ASCE, 1992.) “Restoration and enhancement of engineered river channels: some European experiences” (A. Brookes, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, vol. 5, 45-56, 1990). “Urban channel systems – The engineering issues of impact mitigation” (T.N. Debo, Georgia Tech.) • Unit 11: Culverts and Bridge Crossings: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering, A.L. Prasuhn, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987, Chapter 11-3 Culvert Hydraulics and 11-4 Bridge Hydraulics (pp. 445459). “Flow through culverts” (article 17-8, Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, 1959). “Erodible canals, applications of open channel flow to culvert design, and determining types of culvert flow” (M.R. Lindeburg, Civil Engineering Reference Manual, 4th edition). “Culvert flow” (Concrete Pipe Handbook, 1981). Excerpts from: Highway Drainage Guidelines (ASHTO, pp 46-74, 1987) •

Unit 12: Introduction to HEC RAS “HEC-RAS , River Analysis System, User’s Manual” (Version 2.2, Sept. 1998).