1. CHEM 1310: General Chemistry. (Sections LM). LECTURE NOTES. Chapter 2:
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. I. Scientific Method. “Hard” science is conducted ...
CHEM 1310: General Chemistry
(Sections LM)
LECTURE NOTES
Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
I.
Scientific Method “Hard” science is conducted by making ______________________ about chemical and physical phenomena. Scientists formulate possible explanations for their observations called ________________ that are used to make predictions that can be tested experimentally. Here are some interesting publications for keeping up with advancements in chemistry: Chemical and Engineering News Science Nature From studying chemistry via the scientific method, researchers can develop theories and laws. What is the difference between a theory and a law?
II.
Fundamental Chemical Laws and Theories a. Law of Conservation of Mass Mass is neither ______________________ nor _________________________ in a chemical change. b. Law of Definite Proportions A given chemical compound always contains the same proportion by _____________ of its constituent ____________________. c.
Law of Multiple Proportions
When ____________ combine to form molecules, they do in the ratio of small ____________ ______________________. 1
III.
Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter a. All matter is composed of ______________ b. ______________ cannot be created or destroyed c.
All atoms of the same ______________ are ________________
d. Different _________________ have different types of atoms e. Chemical ___________________ occur when atoms are _________________ f.
IV.
________________ are formed from atoms of the constituent ______________
Building Blocks of Atoms a. Protons
Charge = ________
b. Neutrons
Charge = ________
c.
Charge =
______________
-1
d. Mass of _______________ is significantly smaller than that of __________ or __________________ V.
Close up on an Atom (from the Periodic Table) 6 12.011 C Carbon
What does “6” represent? _____________________________ What does “12.011” represent? __________________________ 12
-
12
+
C has _______ protons, _________ neutrons, and __________ electrons C has _______ protons, _________ neutrons, and __________ electrons
Atomic Mass = _______________________ + ____________________________
VI.
Radioactivity and Isotopes ____________________ are atoms with the same number of ______________, but different numbers of ________________________.
