Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Autumn 2005: 1(4): 217-222 www.ijps.ir
Original Article
Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Peucedanum ruthenicum M. Bieb. Fruits Seyed Hamid Reza Alavi a, Narguess Yassa a,*, Mohamad Reza Fazeli b aDepartment bDepartment
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plant Research Center, of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract The essential oil of Peucedanum ruthenicum fruits, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the 31 identified constituents accounting for 83.9% of the total oil, the major components were 1,8-cineole (11.15%), camphor (5.86%), Z-carveol (6.88%), lcarvone (5.61%), 8,9-dehydroisolongifolene (11.35%), caryophyllene oxide (13.65%), and caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5-β-ol (5.19%). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was investigated against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of P. ruthenicum showed activity against gram-positive bacteria but had no effect on the tested gram negative bacteria. Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Z-Carveol; 8,9-Dihydroisolongifolene; Essential oil; Peucedanum ruthenicum. Received: January 17, 2005; Accepted: April 10, 2005
1. Introduction Many infectious diseases are known to be treated with herbal remedies throughout the history of mankind. Even today, plant materials play a major role in primary health care as therapeutic remedies in many countries [1, 2]. Plants still continue to be almost the exclusive source of drugs for the majority of the world’s population [3-5]. The genus Peucedanum S.L. comprises about 100 to 120 species, mainly distributed in Europe and Asia. In Europe, Peucedanum comprises 29 species [6], and the 4 species *Corresponding author: Dr. Narguess Yassa, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fax (+98)21-66461178 E-mail:
[email protected]
existing in Iran include: P. glaucopru i n o s u m, P. knappii, P. translucens and P. ruthenicum, which are distributed in the northern and central provinces of Iran [7, 8]. P. ruthenicum Bieb. is a glabrous perennial 40-100 cm; stock ca 1 cm in diameter, with abundant fibers; stem terete, striate, solid; leaves 3(-4)-ternate; lobes 20-90 mm; rays 7-28; bracts 1-3, subulate; bracteoles several, filiform; petals pale yellow; fruit 6-7.5 mm [6]. Since some species of this genus have been used traditionally in the treatment of cold [9], cough due to pathogenic wind-heat, accumulation of phlegm, heat in the lung [10], anti-tussive, anti-asthma and as a remedy for angina [11], the essential oil of P. ru t h e n i c u m w a s subjected to investigation for antibacterial properties.
SHR Alavi et al./ IJPS Autumn 2005; 1(4): 217-222
Table 1. The composition of Peucedanum ruthenicum fruits’ essential oil.
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
Compounds name α-Pinene Camphene Sabinene β-Pinene α-Terpinene p-Cymene dl-Limonene 1,8-Cineole Unknown (MW=136) β-Ocimene Unknown (MW=136) γ-Terpinene Camphor Unknown (MW=150) Terpinene, 4-ol Unknown (MW=136) Z-Dihydrocarvone Unknown (MW=152) E-Carveol Z-Carveol l-Carvone Unknown (MW=150) Unknown (MW=151) Naphthalene, 1-methyl 2-Methylnaphthalene Unknown (MW=152) Unknown (MW=174) Tetradecane Naphthalene, 1,5-dimethyl Naphthalene, 1,8-dimethyl Naphthalene, 2,7-dimethyl Naphthalene, 2,3-dimethyl Naphthalene, 1,3-dimethyl β-Ionone Germacrene B Phenol, 2,5-bis[1,1-dimethylethyl] 8,9-Dehydroisolongifolene Caryophyllene oxide Farnesol (Z-E) Caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5-β-ol Unknown (MW=204)
% 0.46 t t 0.12 0.13 0.89 0.11 11.15 0.38 0.86 0.21 0.25 5.86 3.61 4.87 3.40 0.89 0.79 3.97 6.88 5.61 1.10 1.65 1.28 1.05 0.73 0.34 0.71 1.06 1.72 1.36 0.27 0.43 0.68 0.45 1.38 11.35 13.65 1.18 5.19 3.86
Hydrocarbon monoterpenes Oxygenated monoterpenes Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes Oxygenated sesquiterpenes Nonterpenes Unknown Total identified
2.91 39.23 19.65 20.02 2.09 16.10 83.90
RRIa 943 957 981 985 1021 1028 1031 1034 1040 1051 1057 1064 1139 1154 1174 1186 1190 1202 1214 1226 1247 1302 1318 1332 1349 1355 1375 1402 1424 1434 1442 1455 1467 1485 1507 1528 1576 1585 1699 1727 1748
ªRRI: relative retention indices as determined on a DB-5 column using the homologous series of n-alkanes (C8-24); t: trace(
