CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics - Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay

CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics P Sunthar Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Mumbai 400076, India [email protected]

03 Jan 2011

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course

Outline of the Lecture

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Chemical Engineering

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Fluid Mechanics

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CL 254 Course

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay)

CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics

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Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Outline of this Section

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Chemical Engineering Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

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Fluid Mechanics

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CL 254 Course



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Product vs Service Sensory appeal Defining products of a discipline Personal attachment



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Chemical Industry is Service Oriented Service oriented Provides raw materials in bulk Intellectually challenging Complex system Several non-linear interacting systems



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Major Chemicals

Sulphuric Acid (140 plants, 12 Million tonnes/Annum) Ammonia, Urea (20 Million tpa), Nitric Acid Sodium Hydroxide Petroleum Products: Fuels, Ethylene, Greases Pharmaceuticals



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The Chemical Process Production of Bulk materials from raw materials Feed Preparation (Purification, Heating, Compression) Transformation (Reaction) Separation End Products By-products Unreacted reagents

The Goal Energy Efficient Economical Environmental effects Minimised (Wasteless)



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The Challenge

Food security: Food production through non-biological routes? From Minerals to food products

Energy security: Non-petroleum sources of energy. Pollution of biosphere.



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Sulphuric Acid Process



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Unit Operations

Momentum Transfer (Fluid Mechanics) Mass Transfer (Purification, Separation) Heat Transfer (State Changes) Chemical Reaction



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Feed Preparation Operations

Ion Exchange Column Deareator (Spray, Bubble Column) Heat Exchanger Compressor

http://www.lhwinc.com/ http://thermgard.com.au



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http://www.lhwinc.com/

Ion Exchange Column Deareator (Spray, Bubble Column) Heat Exchanger Compressor http://thermgard.com.au



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Ion Exchange Column


Deareator (Spray, Bubble Column) Heat Exchanger Compressor



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Ion Exchange Column


Deareator (Spray, Bubble Column) Heat Exchanger Compressor



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Reaction Operations Stirred Tank Tubular Reactor Fixed (Packed) Bed Reactor Fluidised Bed Reactor



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Reaction Operations

Stirred Tank Tubular Reactor Fixed (Packed) Bed Reactor Fluidised Bed Reactor



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Reaction Operations




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Reaction Operations




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Separation Operations

Distillation Filtration Cyclone Extraction



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Separation Operations Distillation Filtration Cyclone Extraction



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Separation Operations Distillation Filtration Cyclone Extraction



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Separation Operations

Distillation Filtration Cyclone Extraction



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Mechanics Energetics


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Fluid Mechanics Mechanics Energetics

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CL 254 Course



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Mechanics of Fluids

Velocities (Kinematics) Forces (Dynamics) Energy



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Discrete and Continuous

Discrete particle Mechanics Mechanics of continuous medium Solid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics

New Terms in Fluid Mechanics Density Viscosity Elasticity Non-linear behaviour (Oils, Honey) Time dependent behaviour (Tooth-Pastes)



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Fluid Mechanics and Plant Design

Forces (pressures) by fluid on Equipment Mechanical design of Equipment Processing rates (volumetric flow rates)

Energy for transport fluids or mixing Power consumption Efficiency of operation



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Challenges in Fluid Mechanics

Simple Equations but difficult solution Difficulty posed by Geometry of Equipment Spatial Variation of properties Unknown behaviour of properties (turbulence, Non-Newtonian)

Simplification by Mathematical models Simple physical models Requires good physical insight



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Lectures Assessment Attendance


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Fluid Mechanics

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CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance



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Lectures: Fundamentals to Plant Design

About 10 industrial operations Chosen from Sulphuric Acid, Methanol, and Urea Plants Pipe flows and Pumping Compressors Reactors Separation Equipments

Connection with fundamentals Simplifications Exactly solvable problems Approximate solutions to full problems



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Assessment

Assignments Online Problems with answers for practice 5% of total marks

Quizzes 10 short (15 min) quizzes 20% of total

Mid-sem: 25% End-sem: 50%



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Attendance

No XX Grade Attendance will be recorded everyday: by You Pass sheet in a Zig-Zag manner; be truthful. If you miss, meet me after class Room 222, First Floor. Ph: 7229



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