Diesel Fuel Handbook ... itself, but also how it is applied in new engine platforms
with advanced ... sulphur level is also applied to diesel traded into the market.
DONALDSON DELIVERS
Clean Fuel and Lubricant Solutions Diesel Fuel Handbook
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Prelude to Fuel This booklet is written in order to share a fair part of the knowledge that Donaldson has gathered over the years both in the field as in the laboratories around the world. By spending between 2 and 3% of Donaldson’s annual turnover on Research & Development (R&D), our technology, whether it is new media development, filter package or solution positioning, stands where it is today. We strive to continue this process and to invest in knowledge about fuels & oils. Knowledge that will provide us the key to the solutions of the problems you face today and most likely tomorrow. A big impact in fuel and fuel cleanliness is not only the fuel itself, but also how it is applied in new engine platforms with advanced common rail injection systems. The better we understand this continuous change, the more reliable our solutions and your machines become. The fuel booklet is written to introduce you to the world of fuels, a world that like human society is in a continuous mode of change. A world that has a profound part of what can be described as mysterious, for those who are not breathing the science day in and day out. On the next 28 pages we will reveal part of the mystery and show you a glimpse of the near future. Niko Verhaegen Development Manager Clean Fuel & Lubricant Solutions
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Table of Contents Fuel Legislation
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PM&NOx
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CO2
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EN590
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ISO4406/99
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Worldwide Fuel Charter
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Types of Diesel
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Common Diesel Fuel
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Biodiesel
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Fuel Chain
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Fractional Distillation
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Biodiesel manufacturing process
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Contamination
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How Clean Fuel Should Be - “Clear and Bright”
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ISO4406/99 Cleanliness Level
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Multipass Filter Testing
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Single vs. Multipass
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Common Rail Diesel Injection CRDI
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Clean Solutions Offer
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Case Studies
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FAQ
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Fuel Legislation Engines have been driving our world, whether it is the engine in your car/ truck that takes you to your next adventure or the engine of a ship, plane or train that connects you with your friends, colleagues or family. Engines have made our big blue planet smaller at each leap of technology. This technology path is mostly challenged by legislation. The engine emissions regulations, whether it is on road (Euro) or offroad (Tier), are forcing Engine manufacturers to decrease the emissions and to make better & cleaner engines.
What is important to notice on above graph, is that although not properly specified, the fluid cleanliness has recently been the center of attention.
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The Worldwide fuel charter (undersigned by the biggest engine manufactures) was a start, however the ISO 4406/99 standard and the ISO 18/16/13 cleanliness level that features in the charter, is just a beginning. While on one hand the industry is righteously focused on a cleaner product (engine) by using cleaner products (liquid & air), the oil and gas companies developed at the beginning of the emissions norms a separate standard EN590. Unfortunately both worlds, although closely linked by “product” are today not speaking the same language. PM & NOx The emission standards both on and off road generally regulate the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides, particulate matter (PM) or soot, carbon monoxide (CO), or volatile hydrocarbons (see carbon dioxide equivalent). CO2 The EU Directive 2009/30/EC adopted by the European Community amends sulphur content and introduces new requirements to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of energy supplied for road transportation. As a result of this new regulation, gasoline has to be traded according to eco-friendly specifications with a reduction in aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen and sulphur level. The reduction in the value of aromatic hydrocarbons and sulphur level is also applied to diesel traded into the market. Member countries of the European Union asked to fuel suppliers a reduction of 10 % of CO2 emissions for every unit of energy produced by fossil fuels before December 2020.
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EN590 Before this Directive the European fuel standard EN 590:2009 has incorporated the latest fuel quality requirements. Products coming from manufacturers of fuel injection equipment may not meet the expected lifetime performances and emissions targeted, if the fuel used doesn’t respect the parameters of EN590:2009. The most important features in terms of cleanliness of the EN590 standard are: • up to 24mg/kg of total contamination – findings 3
