Nov 25, 2005 - consumption of coffee, caffeinated tea and the intake of caffeine were ... health problems such as immobility and pain, which may result in a ...
Osteoporos Int (2006) 17: 1055–1064 DOI 10.1007/s00198-006-0109-y
ORIGINA L ARTI CLE
Coffee, tea and caffeine consumption in relation to osteoporotic fracture risk in a cohort of Swedish women H. Hallström . A. Wolk . A. Glynn . K. Michaëlsson
Received: 25 November 2005 / Accepted: 6 March 2006 / Published online: 4 May 2006 # International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2006
Abstract Introduction: Consumption of coffee and tea, and total intake of caffeine has been claimed to be associated with osteoporotic fracture risk. However, results of earlier studies lack consistency. Methods: We examined this relation in a cohort of 31,527 Swedish women aged 40-76 years at baseline in 1988. The consumption of coffee, caffeinated tea and the intake of caffeine were estimated from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) of fractures with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. Results: During a mean follow-up of 10.3 years, we observed 3,279 cases with osteoporotic fractures. The highest (>330 mg/day) compared with the lowest (
