Collaboration in Distributed Design and Manufacturing using Web ...

Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Technology (Manufacturing Systems Engineering) in Mechanical Engineering 2003- 2005

by Shoukat Ali (03ME6402)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. M. A. Faruqi

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. April, 2005.

. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302.

Certificate This is to certify that the project entitled “Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services” is bonafide record work carried by Mr. Shoukat Ali, Roll No. 03ME6402, under my supervision and guidance for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Manufacturing Systems Engineering Department

during of

the

academic

Mechanical

session

Engineering,

2004–2005 Indian

in

Institute

the of

Technology, Kharagpur.

Date: Place: Kharagpur

Prof. M A Faruqi Deptt. of Mech. Engg., IIT Kharagpur.

Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur-721302

Certificate of Examination This is to certify that we have examined the thesis entitled “Collaboration

in

Design

and

Manufacturing

using

Web

Services” submitted by Mr. Shoukat Ali (Roll no. 03ME6402), a postgraduate

student

of

Mechanical

Engineering

with

specialization in Manufacturing Systems Engineering (ME-4).We hereby accord our approval of it as a study carried out and presented in manner required for its acceptance in partial fulfillment for the Post Graduate Degree for which it has been submitted. This approval does not necessarily endorse or accept

every

statement

made,

opinion

expressed

or

conclusion drawn as recorded in this thesis. It only signifies the acceptance of the thesis for the purpose for which it is submitted.

Examiner

Supervisor

Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur-721302

Acknowledgement

With great pleasure and great sense of gratitude, I take this opportunity to express my sense of indebtedness to Prof. M A. Faruqi, for his invaluable guidance and constant encouragement at each and every step of my thesis work. He has introduced me to new and exciting domain of technology. He has been a constant source of ideas and enthusiasm during the course of this work. I would like to express sincere thanks to my teaching faculties for providing sound knowledge base and positive co-operation during the course of my M.Tech program. I would also like to thank Mr. Masood Faruqui for his expert guidance in the field of Web Services. Finally, may I offer a special thank-you to those who have been with me every step of the way? Without them this work would not exist and I would be much the poorer for their absence.

Date: Place: Kharagpur

(Shoukat Ali) 03ME6402

Table of Contents Abstract

1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………...…………………….1 1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………..1 1.2 Motivation………………………………………………………………2 1.3 Organization of the Thesis………………………………………………3

2. LITERATURE SURVEY…………………………………………………..4 2.1 Enterprise Integration…………………………………………………...4 2.2 Internet based Distributed Design and Manufacturing………………….5 2.3 Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for Collaborative services………9 2.4 Orchestration and Choreography in Web Services…………………….11

3. ORCHESTRATION AND CHOREOGRAPHY OF WEB SERVICES EMPLOYED IN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING……………………………………………….16 3.1 Objective of the present work…………………………………………16 3.2 Statement of the problem…..………………………………………….17 3.3 Software tools used in the study……………………………………….18 3.4 Methodology of the study……………………………………………..20 3.5 Conclusion……………………………………………………………..31 4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS………………………………………..32 4.1 Results and Discussion………………………………………………...32 4.2 Conclusions……………………………………………………………32 4.3 Scope for future work………………………………………………….33

5. REFERENCES…………………………………………………………….34 6. APPENDICES……………………………………………………………..37 A-1 Overview of Web Services…………………………………………...37 _____________________________________________________________________ Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services

i

A-2 Java source code of CastingBuyer Web Service……………………...47 A-3 WSDL Description of CastingBuyer Web Service……….…………..52 A-4 BPEL code for the process……………………………………………53

List of Figures

Fig.2.1 Architectures for Enterprise Integration………………………………….11 Fig.2.2 Web services orchestration and choreography…………………………...14 Fig.2.3 Standards for Orchestration and Choreography…………………………..15 Fig.3.1 Overview of Die Casting Design and Manufacturing process……………18 Fig.3.2 Conceptual model of the orchestration process…………………...……...19 Fig.3.3 Main page of Apache AXIS………………………………………………21 Fig.3.4 List of deployed Web Services…………………………………………...23 Fig.3.5 WSDL description of service CastingBuyer……………………………...25 Fig.3.6 SOAP Message sent to the CastingBuyer service from the system……....26 Fig.3.7 Process flow of die Design and Manufacturing process in BPEL Maestro orchestration engine…………………………………...…27 Fig.3.8 SOAP message overview exchanged among the services in the process...28

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ii

Abstract

Efforts from diverse domains are made to use the Web as a platform of integration for all service components. Design and Manufacturing (D&M) process area being no exception. Leading manufacturing companies recently have announced plans for web-based systems to coordinate transactions with their suppliers. If the design, production and delivery of products have to be done in collaboration with corporate departments, suppliers, resellers and customers, potential manufacturing partners should be identified, and design activities and production plan should be carried out concurrently based on the design requirements and manufacturing constraints. Such process involves many complex tasks, and each task can be either performed in the same organization, of be outsourced. The recent developments in IT technology, specifically e-business are useful to coordinate these activities. However, current e-business tools tend to focus on transactions involving standard parts and products among network of suppliers. Therefore, e-business tools require research focusing on creating business processes from composite Web services, and executing processes that can interact with both internal and external Web services. This study looks into creation of a service from composite Web services using Orchestration and Choreography offered by Web services. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS) or BPEL (for short) was used to orchestrate and choreograph a Die Design and Manufacturing process, in which four Web Services were involved (viz. Die Casting Buyer, Die Manufacturer, Die Design Analyzer, and Casting Manufacturer). The combined process can also be used as a Web Service for further use. Collaboration was achieved in the above said Design and Manufacturing process using Java based, open domain software tools such as Apache Tomcat, Apache AXIS, and Parasoft BPEL Maestro.

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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction

Efforts from diverse domains are made to use the Web as a platform of integration for all service components. Design and manufacturing (D&M) process area being no exception. Leading manufacturing companies recently have announced plans for web-based systems to coordinate transactions with their suppliers. Potential manufacturing partners should be identified, and design activities and production plan should be carried out concurrently based on the design requirements and manufacturing constraints. Such a process involves many complex tasks, and each task can be either performed in the same organization, or be outsourced. The recent developments in IT technology, specifically e- business are useful to coordinate these activities. However, current e-business tools tend to focus on transactions involving standard parts and products among network of suppliers. Therefore, e-business tools require research focusing on creating business processes from composite Web services, and executing processes that can interact with both internal and external Web services. Web services are generally accepted as applications that interact with each other using web standard interfaces, which include three major functionalities: description, discovery, and communication.

They

offer

high

interoperability

between

cross-organizational

components in a loosely-coupled way. The coordination of collaborating low level service is often mentioned as next step in the development of Web service. Web Service choreography working groups in World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) visualized that a framework for creating business process should be able to compose and describe the relationship between lower-level services. Several Web Service choreography languages inspired by industry have been proposed, such as BPEL4WS, BPML, BPSS, and WSFL and OWL-S. These efforts focus on defining the orchestration and choreography between Web Services to create business processes and organizing services into a workflow.

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1

This study looks into possible organization of Web Services into workflow using Orchestration and Choreography offered by Web Services. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS) or BPEL (for short) was used to orchestrate and choreograph a Die Design and Manufacturing process, in which four Web Services were involved (viz. Die Casting Buyer, Die Manufacturer, Die Design Analyzer, and Casting Manufacturer). The combined process can also be used as a Web Service for further use.

1.2 Motivation The practice of geographically distributed design and manufacturing is ever increasing, yet is often inefficient. The problems with collocated design and manufacturing such as insufficient information, support tools with inappropriate functionality and people conflicts are exacerbated by distribution, while a whole new problem set specifically related to distribution adds to the significant challenges. Put simply, an increase in distributed space and time between members of a design team results in problems that traditional approaches have failed to address adequately. The growth of distributed design teams and distributed work in general in the past few years has been facilitated due to advances made in the computing world and particularly the creation and growth of the Internet. The present industrial climate also results in the growth of distributed work. Continual technological advancement is set against a backdrop of international mergers, takeovers and partnerships which invariably lead to more distributed collaboration of formal and informal work. Further, recent movements and concepts within the academic and industrial world such as Supply Chain Management, Collaborative Product Commerce, Change Management, the increase in outsourcing and the concept of the extended enterprise, promote the growth of distributed work. The realization that collaborators external to the organization or at least at different locations have higher levels of expertise continues to drive this increase. Although distributed design and manufacturing practice is forced upon many organizations due to the current industrial climate, the potential benefits of leveraging resources from different locations often pre-empts a decision to design and manufacture in a distributed fashion. The motivation for conducting research into Web services based design and manufacturing is summarized in three ways:

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2

•Value: the benefits of distributing the design and manufacturing processes and teams are potentially great; •Incidence: the level of distributed design and manufacturing is increasing dramatically; •Problems: current problems with distributed design and manufacturing are rarely realized.

1.3 Organization of the Thesis The survey of relevant literature on Distributed Design and Manufacturing, Enterprise Integration, and Orchestration and Choreography in Web Services has been presented in Chapter 2. Description of Die Design and Manufacturing process and its orchestration is presented in Chapter 3. Finally, Chapter 4 includes results and conclusions.

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3

CHAPTER-2

Literature Survey 2.1 Enterprise Integration Nickerson et al. [1] established that enterprise integration needs to occur at many technical and organizational levels. They further commented that integrated enterprise of the future will tie together all existing applications, so that encoding="UTF-8"?> uuid:005692 22-bf7c-4eca-9c7c-ae7f29c522ef http://144.16.204.182:18585/axis/services/CallbackService

Fig.3.6 SOAP Message sent to the CastingBuyer service from the system.

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Fig. 3.7 Process flow of Die Design and Manufacturing process in BPEL Maestro orchestration engine

The messages exchanged among the services can be viewed by using browse option available in BPEL Maestro, after the execution of the process. The result of which is presented in fig 3.8. The messages can be seen between the tags against each variable used in the process. The messages used in the study were of string type; however _____________________________________________________________________ 27 Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services

they can be in any format available in SOAP. Technical details like drawings can also be passed using new format of SOAP known as SOAP with attachment (wSOAP), however this facility was not available with the current tool. The messages passed in the process were design requirements, selected material, designed dies and trim dies, and required casting.

BPEL Maestro for Web Service Orchestration, Version 1.6.0 Process: _DieCasting 1 Debugger: (none) Variable Values: Variable

_DesReq_req

_DesReq_res

_die_req

Value uuid:00569222-bf7c-4eca-9c7c-ae7f29c522ef http://144.16.204.182:18585/axis/services/CallbackService 1.Potential die casting application 2.Optimum die cast shapes, forms and sizes 3.Structural considerations 4.Finish machining factors 5.Surface treatment considerations.

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_die_res _finProd_req Required_Casting _getTrimDie_req param2 _getDie_req param1 _getDie_res Designed and Manufactured Dies Designed and Manufactured Trim Dies _mdesDie_req _mdesDie_res Designed and Manufactured Dies _____________________________________________________________________ 29 Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services

_mDesReq_req param _mDesReq_res 1.Potential die casting application 2.Optimum die cast shapes, forms and sizes 3.Structural considerations 4.Finish machining factors 5.Surface treatment considerations. _mSelMat_req paramtr die steel _selMat_req die steel _trimDie_req _trimDie_res Designed and Manufactured Trim Dies _____________________________________________________________________ 30 Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services

a_DesReq_req param a_DesReq_res 1.Potential die casting application 2.Optimum die cast shapes, forms and sizes 3.Structural considerations 4.Finish machining factors 5.Surface treatment considerations. sequence receive BuyerReq flow invoke Design_Analyzer invoke Die_Designer {http://www.parasoft.com/bpel}internalError - No such operation 'dies' flow assign pass_design_reuirement_to_Analyzer assign pass_design_requirements_to_Designer assign pass_selected_material_to_Designer invoke Casting_Manufacturer assign assign reply finished_product Legend Breakpoint Completed Activity Suspended Activity Unhandled Fault Fig.3.8 SOAP message overview exchanged among the services in the process.

3.5 Conclusion As evident from the results obtained from the study presented in this chapter in detail, collaboration is achieved in Design and Manufacturing of a Die Casting process through the use of a web services orchestration engine named BPEL Maestro which works in tandem with a SOAP server named AXIS and an web application server named Tomcat which is a Java based software. All the softwares used in the study are available free. _____________________________________________________________________ 31 Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services

CHAPTER-4

Results and Conclusions 4.1 Results and Discussion As presented in chapter 3, in this study web services were written using Java programming language and then deployed to a SOAP server using Tomcat and AXIS to get wsdl files i.e. description file of the web services. Then the collaboration was done using orchestration engine BPEL Maestro and the wsdl files obtained through AXIS. The results obtained are encouraging. Orchestration and Choreography offered by Web Services can be used in collaboration in Design and Manufacturing. For global use, the most important part is the standardization of interfaces provided by the service. The name of the service and that of interfaces should be self-explanatory and some standard practice should be followed in order to render easy and accurate search of Web services. Ontology powered semantic search could be used to improve the performance of Web services. Then comes the security part, which is ubiquitous in every process which is implemented via. Internet. So, it is not a big problem as security aspects are always looked on in a big way by software developers.

4.2 Conclusions In this thesis, the Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services, collaboration was achieved in a Design and Manufacturing process through orchestration and choreography offered by Web Services. First a Design and Manufacturing process was chosen in which collaboration is highly required. In this case it was a die casting design and manufacturing process in which four companies were involved. As reported in chapter 2 the architectures which are present currently are not enough for real time, automatic collaboration because they use tightly coupled CAD/CAM applications or client-server architecture with too many servers (one server each for a specific application). Then the Web Services were written and deployed using widely used public domain software and then they were orchestrated using orchestration engine. The results obtained

_____________________________________________________________________ 32 Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services

were encouraging. Finally, the design and manufacturing process was presented as a Web Services for further use.

4.3 Scope for future work In the study, public UDDI registry was not used since all the Web Services were written and deployed locally. Some publicly available services can be used in any process and moreover it should be searched automatically by the machine. For the automatic search semantic language should be used, e.g. Semantic Web Ontology Language (OWL-S) [12]. The SOAP messages exchanged among the Web Services in this process were of simple types (e.g. string, int, float etc.). Study can be carried out using wSOAP i.e. SOAP with attachments. More technical details can be transferred using wSOAP.

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CHAPTER-5

References [1]

Nickerson V. Jeffrey, and Stohr A. Edward, “Intra Enterprise Integration: Methods and Direction”, Competing in the Information Age, Oct 2003.

[2]

Johannesson Paul, and Perjons Erik, “Design principles for process modeling in enterprise application integration”, Information Systems, 2001(26) pp.165-184.

[3]

Chung Moon Jung, Kim Sangchul, Kim Hyun, and Ham Ho Sang, “A Java-Based, Distributed Process Management System for Collaborative Design and Manufacturing”, FIDJI 2002, LNCS 2604, 2003, pp. 61-72.

[4]

Qureshi A. Khurshid and Saitou Kazuhiro, “Design for Facility over the Internet: a case study with automotive connecting rod designs”, Proceedings of DETC’01 ASME 2001 Design Engineering Technical Conference and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference Pittsburgh, PA, September 9-12, 2001.

[5]

Leitão Paulo and Restivo Francisco, “A Framework for Distributed Manufacturing Applications”, ICIMS-NoE 2000 Advanced Study Institute, Bordéus, September 2000.

[6]

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[7]

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[8]

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[9]

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[10]

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[11]

Peltz, C. "Web Services Orchestration and Choreography," IEEE Computer (October), pp 46-52, October 2003.

[12]

OWL-S 1.0 Release http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.0/

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[13]

W3C

Working

Group

Note,

SOAP

1.2

Attachment

Feature,

http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-af/ [14]

Woongsup Kim et al., “Service Model for Collaborating Distributed Design and Manufacturing,” WWW Workshop on Application Design, Development and Implementation Issues in the Semantic Web 2004. http://server2.tecweb.inf.pucrio.br/we-sw-2004/www-se.pdf

[15]

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[16]

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[17]

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[18]

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[19]

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[20]

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[21]

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Sanjiva

Weerawarana, “The Next Step in Web Services”, Communications of the ACM, October 2003/Vol. 46, No. 10, pp29-34. [22]

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[26]

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[27]

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[28]

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[31]

Sherman Doron, “BPEL: Make Your Services Flow”, Web Services Journal, June 2003.

[32]

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[33]

Colan Mark, “Dynamic e-business: Using Web services to transform business”, IBM e-business, June 2001.

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Appendices

A-1 Overview of Web Services

What are Web Services A Web Service is programmable application logic accessible using standard Internet protocols. Web Services combine the best aspects of component-based development and the Web. Like components, Web Services represent functionality that can be easily reused without knowing how the service is implemented. Unlike current component technologies which are accessed via proprietary protocols, Web Services are accessed via ubiquitous Web protocols (ex: HTTP) using universally-accepted encoding="UTF-8" ?>

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A-4 BPEL code for the process

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_____________________________________________________________________ 54 Collaboration in Design and Manufacturing using Web Services



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