Collaborative research to promote energy efficiency innovation ...

L B N L-X X X X X

E r n e s t O r l a n d o La w r e n c e B e r k e l e y N a t io n a l La b o r a t o r y

Collaborative research to promote energy efficiency innovation towards significant reduction in buildings energy use in the United States and India Rajan Rawal, Keyur Vadodaria, Mona Galsar, CEPT University, Girish Ghatikar, Reshma Singh, Diane Douglas, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory March 2014

Environmental Energy Tecnologies Division

CBERD The U.S. -In d ia Jo in t C entre fo r B u ild in g Energy Research and D evelopm ent (CBERD) was developed to fa c ilita te jo in t research and d e ve lop m e n t on clean energy to im prove energy access and prom ote low-carbon growth.

This re p o rt su m m a rize s CBERD’s jo in t research and d e ve lo p m e n t a ctivitie s fo r Year 1 and fo r th e firs t h a lf o f Year 2, covering th e tim e fra m e from N ovem ber 2 0 1 2 to M arch 20 1 4 .

P ublished by th e C onsortia Laboratory, April 2 0 1 4

M a n a g e m e n t Office,

CEPT U niversity and

Lawrence

B erkeley N ational

Acknow ledgem ents The U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy (DOE) and th e D e p a rtm e n t of S cience and T echnology (DST), G o ve rnm en t of India (GOI) provided jo in t fu n d in g fo r w o rk u n der th e U .S .-In d ia P artnership to Advance Clean Energy Research (PACER) p ro g ra m ’s “U .S .-In d ia Jo in t C enter fo r B u ild in g Energy Research and D e ve lo p m e n t” (CBERD) project. The A ssista n t S ecretary fo r Energy E fficiency and R enewable Energy, O ffice of B u ild in g T echnology o f th e U.S. DOE und e r C o n tra ct No. DE-AC02-05CH1 1 2 3 1 su p p o rts th e U.S. CBERD activity. The DST, GOI, a d m in is te re d by IndoU.S. S cience and T echnology Forum, su p p o rts th e Indian CBERD activity.

Disclaim er This d o c u m e n t was prepared as an a c c o u n t o f w o rk sponsored by th e United S tates G overnm ent. W hile th is d o c u m e n t is believed to contain c o rre c t in fo rm a tio n, n e ith e r th e United S tates G o vernm ent nor any agency th e re o f, nor The Regents of th e U niversity of C alifornia, nor any o f th e ir em ployees, m akes any warranty, express or im plied, or assum es any legal re sp o n sib ility fo r th e accuracy, com pleteness, or u sefulness o f any inform atio n, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or re p re se nts th a t its use w ould n o t infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any sp e c ific com m ercial product, process, or service by its tra d e name, tra d e m a rk,

m anufacturer,

or

otherw ise,

does

not

necessarily

c o n stitu te

or

im ply

its

endorsem ent,

reco m m e n d a tio n , or fa vo rin g by th e United S tates G o vernm ent or any agency the re o f, or The Regents o f th e U niversity of C alifornia. The views and op in io n s of a u th o rs expressed herein do n o t necessarily state or re fle ct th o se o f th e United S tates G o vernm ent or any agency th e re o f or The Regents o f th e U niversity o f C alifornia.

CBERD is an U.S.-India Jo in t fu n d e d research pro je ct involving a p a rtn e rs h ip o f eleven le a d in g R&D in s titu tio n s and tw e nty-fo u r in d u stry /c o s t-s h a re p a rtn e rs in India and th e U.S. CBERD. The co n so rtia is jo in tly led by CEPT University, A hm edabad, India, and Lawrence Berkeley N ational Laboratory, Berkeley, C alifornia, USA.

US-lndia Joint Centre for Building Energy Research and Development (CBERD) Collaborative research to promote energy efficiency novation towards significant reduction in buildings energy use in the United States and India

November 2012 - March 2014 http://cberd.org

CBERD R&D Partners (India)

1 0 . S ch n e id e r E lectric India Pvt. Ltd. 1 1 . SINTEX Industries

1.

CEPT University, A hm edabad (Lead)

2.

Auroville Centre fo r S c ie n tific Research

3.

The In te rn a tio n a l In s titu te o f In fo rm a tio n Technology H yderabad

1 2 . S kyshade

Industry/cost-share partners (U.S.)

4.

Indian In stitu te o f M a n a g e m e n t Ahm edabad

1 .Autodesk, Inc.

5.

Indian In stitu te o f Technology Bom bay

2 .C alifornia Energy C om m ission

6.

M alaviya N ational In stitu te o f Technology Jaipur

3 . Delphi 4 .e n lig h te d Inc.

CBERD R&D Partners (U.S.)

5. Honeywell 6. L ighting Science Group

1.

Law rence Berkeley N ational Laboratory (Lead)

2.

Carnegie M ellon U niversity

3.

U niversity of C alifornia Berkeley

4.

Oak Ridge N ational Laboratory

5.

R ensselaer Polytechnic In stitu te

T .N exant 8 .S a in t Gobain Corp 9.S ynapsense 10. Indian S ociety o f L ighting E ngineers (co lla b o ra tin g w ith U.S. company, L ighting Science)

Organizational Partners (India) 1 .G lazing Society o f India

Industry/cost-share partners (India)

2. Indian Green B u ild in g Center, C onfederation of Indian In d u strie s

1.

Asahi India Glass Ltd.

2.

B iodiversity C onservation India (Private) Ltd

3 . Indian S ociety of H e ating R efrigeration and Air C o n d itio n in g E ngineers (ISHRAE) 4.

R ajasthan E lectronics and In stru m e n ts Lim ited (REIL)

3.

Infosys Technologies Lim ited

4.

N eosilica Technologies Pvt Ltd.

5.

Oorja Energy Engg Services Hyd Pvt. Ltd.

6.

P aharpur Business C entre / Green Spaces

1.C ity of San Jose

7.

PLUSS Polym ers Pvt. Ltd

2. HOK A rchitects

8.

P hilips Electronics India Ltd

9.

S aint-G obain Glass India Ltd

Organizational Partners (U.S.)

3. N atural R esources D efense Council

CBERD M anagem ent Office

N.K. Bansal Indian P rincipal Investigator

CEPT U niversity

n kbansal43@ gm ail.com

A shok J. Gadgil U.S. P rincipal Investigator

Law rence Berkeley N ational Laboratory (LBNL)

ajgadgil@ lbl.gov

Rajan Rawal India Co-PI and CBERD D irector

CEPT U niversity

rajanraw al@ cept.ac.in

Girish G hatikar U.S. Co-PI and CBERD D irector


gghatikar@ lbl.gov

M ary Ann Piette U.S. Co-PI


m apiette@ lbl.gov

Vishal Garg India Co-PI

In te rn a tio n a l In s titu te o f In fo rm a tio n Technology Hyderabad (IIIT-H)

vishal.iiit@ gm ail.com

Jyotirm ay M a th u r India Co-PI

M alaviya N ational In stitu te o f Technology Jaipur (MNIT-J)

jyotirm ay. m ath u r@gm ail.com

P atrick Hughes U.S. CBERD D irector

Oak Ridge N ational Laboratory (ORNL)

h u g h e sp jl@ o rn l.g o v


reshm asingh@ lbl.gov


v td e la p u e n te @ lb l.g o v [email protected]


dcdouglas@ lbl.gov

CEPT U niversity

ashajoshi@ cept.ac.in

Reshma Singh U.S. Program M anager V irginia de la Puente and M ichelle Wong, IP M anagem ent Diane Douglas U.S. A dm inistrative M anager Asha Joshi India A dm in istra tive M anager

CBERD Advisory Board M em bers

D.R. Prasada Raju S cientist-G /A dviser & Head (TMC)

D e p a rtm e n t o f S cience and Technology, G o vernm ent o f India

S anjay Bajpai

Technology M ission Cell W ater & S olar Energy, D e p a rtm e n t of S cience and

D ire c to r/ S c ie n tis t 'F'

Technology

Rajiv S harm a Executive D irector Richard Karney A riadne BenAissa A ctin g D irector Elena Berger

Indo-U.S. S cience and Technology Forum S e n io r Technical Advisor, Em erging Technologies Team, B u ild in g Technologies Office, U.S. D e p a rtm e n t of Energy Office of European and Asian P acific A ffairs, U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy Energy E fficie n cya n d Renewable Energy In te rn a tio n a l Programs, U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy

iv

Contents Executive S um m a ry.................................................................................................................................................................. 1 CBERD Project.............................................................................................................................................................................2 CBERD Project Objectives..........................................................................................................................................................4 CBERD R&D Tasks and Collaboration Activities.................................................................................................................6 1.0: Consortia Management and Coordination..................................................................................................................... 7 2.0: Building Information Technology.................................................................................................................................... 8 Subtask: Simulation and Modeling...................................................................................................................................8 Subtask: Monitoring and Benchmarking......................................................................................................................... 9 Subtask: Integrated Controls and Communication...................................................................................................... 11 3.0: Building Physical Systems............................................................................................................................................. 12 Subtask: Envelope / Passive Design............................................................................................................................. 12 Subtask: Advanced Technologies....................................................................................................................................17 Subtask: Comfort Studies................................................................................................................................................ 19 4.0: Supplemental Application............................................................................................................................................... 20 5.0: Scientific Collaboration................................................................................................................................................... 22 Key O utcom es.......................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Research Exchanges Research Exchanges and Workshops.............................................................................................24 Publications.............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 Key Next Steps.........................................................................................................................................................................26 References................................................................................................................................................................................ 27

v

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vi

Executive S um m ary CEPT U niversity (CEPT) in India a n d Law rence B erkeley N a tio n a l L a b o ra to ry (LBNL) in th e U nited S tates a re jo in tly le a d in g th e U .S .-In d ia J o in t C enter fo r B u ild in g Energy R esearch a n d D evelopm ent (CBERD) pro je ct. It has b ro u g h t to g e th e r m u ltid is c ip lin a ry e xp e rtise fro m eleven le a d in g research a n d a ca d e m ic in s titu te s in India a n d th e U.S. to c o n d u c t co lla b o ra tive research in o r d e r to p ro m o te energy e ffic ie n c y in n o vatio n th a t leads tow ards s ig n ific a n t re d u ctio n in b u ild in g e n e rg y use in th e U nited S tates a n d India.

This re p o rt sum m a rizes th e w ork jo in tly conducted by all c o nsortia p a rtn e rs from

N ovem ber 2 0 1 2 thro u g h

March

An u n p recedented s e t of in d u stria l p a rtn e rs and s u p p o rtin g o rganizations have co m m itte d to co lla b o ra te w ith CBERD

2 0 1 4 . As stated in th e original proposal docu m e n t, th e goal

to develop advanced b u ild in g t o o l s

o f CBERD is to co n d u c t co lla b o ra tive research th a t results

to reduce energy co n su m p tio n . The Industry p a rtn e rs are

in m easurable and s ig n ific a n t red u ctio n in b u ild in g energy

c o n trib u tin g

use in both nations. This goal w ill be achieved through

project. The U.S. c o n trib u tin g p a rtn e rs include A utodesk

th re e key strategies, as described below.

Inc., D elphi, Enlighted, HOK Architects, Honeywell, Lighting Research

both

“ in -k in d ”

Center,

and

technologies

and cash cost-share to the

Lig h ting

Science,

N exant,

N atural

First, throu gh a research th ru s t specifically developed to

Resources D efense Council, and SynapSense. The Indian

address th e

low-energy b uildings w hile

c o n trib u tin g

p a rtn e rs

providing synergies w ith existing research e ffo rts in both

B iodiversity

C onservation

nations.

N eosilica Technologies, Oorja Energy E ngineering Services,

key

barriers to

include

Asa hi

India

Ltd.

India

Glass,

(BCIL),

Infosys,

PBC Ventures, Philips, PLUSS Polymers, S ch n e id e r Electric, Second, by de veloping a tig h tly co ordinated te a m co n sistin g

Sintex,

w orld-class b u ild in g energy e fficie n cy experts fro m

Windows

both

S kyshade

and

W ipro

Eco Energy.

S aint-G obain w ill co n trib u te

in both nations. CBERD has also received s u p p o rt from the

nations.

fo llo w in g Third,

Daylights,

manufacturer

by

s e ttin g

up

o rganizational,

co lla b o ra tio n,

and

n o n -p ro fit

C alifornia

organizations:

Energy C om m ission,

City

of

San

Jose,

of

Indian

C onfederation

m a n a g e m e n t s tru ctu re s th a t w ill ensure a cc o u n ta b ility and

In d u s try -S o h ra b ji Godrej Green Business Centre, Glazing

success. CBERD’s lea d ersh ip team

o u ts ta n d in g

S ociety o f India, Indian S ociety of H e ating R efrigerating

record o f success, in b rin g in g new te ch n o lo g ie s to m a rke t

and A ir-co n d itio n in g Engineers, Indian S ociety of Lighting

has an

Engineers, R ajasthan Electronics

a t scale, to provide gam e-changing innovation.

The deep In th e

U.S.,

th e

lead

in s titu tio n

is

Law rence

Berkeley

b u ild in g

N ational

Laboratory

m arkets in both nations.

Berkeley

(UCB),

(ORNL),

R ensselaer Polytechnic In stitu te in s titu tio n

U niversity

M ellon

Inte rn a tio n a l

(CEPT).

CEPT’s

In stitu te

of

C alifornia,

Lim ited.

te ch n o lo g ie s

available

to

com m ercial

b uild ing

U niversity (CMU), and (RPI).

The

is th e C enter fo r E nvironm ental

Technology

of

In stru m e n ts

p ro fit c o lla b o ra to rs w ill a m p lify and accelerate advanced

N ational Lab (LBNL). LBNL’s p a rtn e rs include Oak Ridge

Carnegie

&

level o f c o lla b o ra tio n w ith in d u stry and not-for-

p a rtn e rs In fo rm a tio n

Indian

CBERD p a rtn e rs in th e U.S. and India are all well positioned

P lanning and

lead

to tra n s fe r results to key b u ild in g sta ke h o ld e rs by cre a tin g

include

th e

Technology

new tie s and

as well as

by leveraging e xisting re lationships

o n going projects.

Both

LBNL and

CEPT and

th e ir

Hyderabad (IIIT-H), M alaviya N ational In stitu te of Technology

p a rtn e rs already m a in ta in strong, lo n g -standing connectio ns

Jaipur

to U.S.

(MNIT-J),

Indian

In stitu te

of

M anagem ent

A hm edabad (IIM-A), Indian In stitu te o f Technology Bom bay

and

India

b u ild in g

energy

e fficie n cy

program s

thro u g h th e ir o n going research and tra in in g activities.

(IIT-B), and Auroville C entre fo r S c ie n tific Research (CSR).

1

U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development

CBERD Project Background The c o lla boration

United

India is now th e w o rld ’s seve n th -la rg e st energy consum er,

India across several fie ld s

sixth -la rg e st source o f g reenhouse gas (GHG) em issions, and

have b ro u g h t frie n d s h ip and u n d e rs ta n d in g betw een th e

second in te rm s of annual GHG e m issions growth (UNDP

tw o

2 0 1 1 ).

S tates

and co operation

o f A m erica (U.S) and

largest dem ocracies.

b e tw e e n

th e

Relying on su ccessful

historic

In d ia ’s

e le ctricity

dem and

is projected to reach

p a rtn e rsh ip s and recognizing th e need to address clim ate

1 ,9 0 0 te ra w a tt-h o u rs (TWh), w ith a peak e le ctric dem and of

change and create a clean energy fu tu re , th e Indian

298

Prime

GW by 2 0 2 1 - 2 0 2 2

(MOP,

2 0 0 7 ),

and

its

carbon

M in is te r Dr. M anm o h an Singh and U.S. P resident B arack

dioxide (CO2 ) em issions from coal co m b u stio n are projected

Obam a signed a M e m o ra n d u m o f U n d e rsta n d in g (MoU) in

increase by 118% between 2 0 1 0 and 2 0 3 5 to reach 3 .5 GT CO2

2 0 0 9 . The U.S.-India P a rtn e rsh ip to Advance Clean Energy

in 2 0 3 0 (In te rn a tio n a l Energy Agency, 2 0 0 7 ). In d ia ’s b uild in g

(PACE) was form ed as a re s u lt o f th is MoU. Through one

energy use accounts fo r 33% o f th e n a tio n ’s energy use,

o f th e early PACE initiatives, PACE- Research (PACE-R), th e

and th is is grow ing by 8% a n n u a lly (C lim ate Works, 2010 ).

U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy (DOE) and th e G o vernm ent of

The la rg e st floor-space grow th is in th e com m ercial (office,

India signed an a g re e m e n t to e sta b lish a U.S.-India Jo in t

hospitality, retail, h ospitals) and re sid e n tia l sectors Given

Clean Energy Research and D evelopm ent C entre (JCERDC).

th e explosive grow th in flo o r space, increased in te n sity of

This

energy

jo in t

research

ce n tre

was

m andated

to

fo ste r

use

and

service-level

re q u ire m e n ts

in

the

collab orative research and d e ve lo p m e n t in th e th r e e areas

com m ercial sector, India m u s t address energy e fficien cy in

o f solar energy, second-generation biofuels, and b u ild in g

th is se cto r (see Figure 1).

energy efficiency. The centres in th e th re e id e n tifie d areas are expected to accelerate tra n s itio n to a low-carbon, high-

The need is also e vid e n t in th e United S tates. The buildings

perform ance, energy-secure economy. The PACE-R a ctivitie s

se cto r co n trib u te s to 40% of th e n a tio n ’s energy consum ption

are coordinated by In d ia ’s D e p a rtm e n t o f B iotechnology and

and C 02 em issio n s—th e h ig h est o f all sectors— and this

D e p a rtm e n t

are

s e c to r’s energy use is in cre a sin g fa s te r th a n any o th e r’s

ad m in iste re d by th e Indo-U.S. S cience and Technology Forum

(Coffey, 2 0 0 9 ). The DOE fo re ca sts th a t th e U.S. w ill need to

(IUSSTF) in India and by th e D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy (DOE) in

add a n o th e r 2 3 5 gigaw atts of e le c tric ity gene ration capacity

th e U.S.

by 2 0 3 5 , a t a co st o f $ 0 .5 trillio n to $ 1 trillio n (Rs. 22

of

S cience

and

Technology.

They

trillio n to 4 5 trillio n (EIA, 2012). In 2 0 1 1 , un der th e JCERDC program , both governm ents so u g h t a proposal to form jo in t

c o n so rtia

cou ntries

and

co m prisin g o f research

across

both

in d u stry p a rtn e rs

w hile se cu rin g m a tch in g cost-share co m m itm e n ts. A fte r an extensive

m erit-review

aw ardees

were

process,

announced

in

th e

U.S.

and

April

2012.

Indian

The

jo in t

con so rtia nam ed U.S.-India J o in t C entre fo r B u ild in g Energy Research and D evelopm ent (CBERD) was selected to lead th e JCERDC B u ild in g Energy E fficiency area fo r five years. CBERD is led by Lawrence Berkeley N ational Laboratory, Berkeley, C alifornia, in th e U.S. and by CEPT University, A hm edabad, in India. It com prises a diverse s e t o f co n so rtia partn e rs in both countries. CBERD brings to g e th e r u n der one virtu a l roof w orld-class researchers and sc ie n tis ts from academ ia, industry, and n ational laboratories, as well as

I

in stitu tio n a l pa rtn e rs from both India and th e United States.

Overview The United S tates and India are am o n g th e h ig h est energy users in th e w orld, w ith b u ild in g energy use c o n s titu tin g a m ajority

of

w idespread

th a t

consum ption.

d isse m in a tio n

of

The highly

d e ve lo p m e n t e ffic ie n t

and

b u ild in g

techn olo gie s in both c o u n trie s can s ig n ific a n tly m itig a te th a t energy use. November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014

Figure 1: Proportion o f floor space constructed by 2010 in India and the United States (Source: ECO III, 2010; EIA, 2012)

2

Fortunately, by drawing on the research and technological

year. The average is derived from a w ide range o f b enchm a rk

capabilities of the U.S. and India, substantial energy savings

data fo r offices, hotels, hospitals, and s h o p p in g m alls (ECO-

can be achieved. The CBERD focus is on building system

III, 2 0 1 0 ).

integration through jo in t research and public/private-sector partnership. CBERD will help to achieve substantial energy

CBERD’s vision is to build a fo u n d a tio n o f co llaborative

savings in both countries’ buildings sectors. Aligning with the

know ledge,

Governm ent of India’s (GOI) goals of achieving energy-efficient

re la tio n sh ip s th a t position the U.S. and India fo r a fu tu re of

technologies,

hum an

ca p a b ilitie s,

and

buildings by reducing the need for lighting, heating, ventilation,

h igh-perform ance buildings, w ith accelerated, m easurable,

and air-conditioning, two of LBNL’s projects in India already

and s ig n ific a n t energy use reduction. The focus on the

have dem onstrated

th a t systems-level

integration

highest-grow th sectors, i.e., com m ercial and high-rise m u lti

through

fa m ily buildings, ta rg e ts prim a rily new co n stru ctio n in India

innovative technologies can reduce energy consum ption by at

and re tro fits and o p e ra tio n s in the United S tates. W hile this

least 60%, compared to the ASHRAE 9 0 .1 -2 0 0 7 baseline.

w ill create th e m axim um im pact, th e results w ill have spillover be n e fits to o th e r b u ild in g sectors. CBERD w ill draw from its

Figure 2 shows a te ch n ica l energy saving p o te n tia l o f 2 0 9 T W /

co llaborative

year (40% savings) in India. This assum es a 60% reduction

R&D

and

co m m e rcia l

experience

to

align

w ith the goals o f G o vernm ent o f India and U.S. D ep a rtm e nt

in energy use for new c o n stru ctio n , and a conservative 10%

of Energy (U.S. DOE M ulti-year Plan, 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 ),

reduction through re tro fits from the average benchm arked

well

value of approxim ately 2 7 3 kilo w a tt-h o u rs per square m eter

as

a s societal concerns, and in d u stry benefits.

per year (k W h /m 2 /y e a r) or 27.3 kWh per square fo o t (ft2 ) per

600

3500

500

3000

40%

400

Current trend

Current trend

2500 2000

300

CBERD technical target

1500

200

CBERD technical target

100

INDIA

1000 500

Twh

UNITED STATES

Twh

Year

Year

Figure 2: Building energy-saving potential identified by the CBERD

CBERD is a R&D co lla b o ra tio n on b u ild in g s en e rg y e ffic ie n c y s p a n n in g b o th sides o f the ocean u n d e r one v irtu a l roof. The CBERD vision is to: •

A ccele ra te b u ild in g e n e rg y e ffic ie n c y b e n e fit th ro u g h leveraged a n d no ve l tools, te ch n o lo g ie s a n d g u id e lin e s

•

M axim ize o p p o rtu n itie s fo r b ila te ra l le a rn in g a n d exchange by d ra w in g upon th e c o m p le m e n ta rity o f R&D experience a n d know ledge

•

Create bridges to w a rd s co m m e rc ia liz a tio n a n d d e p lo ym e n t by m a p p in g to c o m m e rc ia l s tre n g th s o f o u r in d u s try p a rtn e rs in b o th n a tio n s

3

U.S.-lndia Centre for Building Energy Research and Development

CBERD Project Objectives p rim a rily around tw o p rim a ry research th ru s ts : (1) b uilding

Objective 1: Optimize the building systems

in fo rm a tio n

integration using a whole-building approach

and a cross-cutting view on s u p p le m e n ta l a p p lica tio n s such

across the building lifecycle to facilitate and

as S m a rt Grid responsiveness, renew able energy source

system s, and

(2) b u ild in g physical system s,

in tegration, and cost o p tim iza tio n (See fig u re s 3 and 4).

advance high-performance buildings

The overall research and d e ve lop m e n t (R&D) strategy is CBERD is providing an in-depth a nalysis o f how buildings in India

and

th e

U.S.

use

energy,

Lifecycle P erform ance A ssurance su p p o rts

b uild in g

system

and

is

c re a tin g

Fram ew ork (LPAF) th a t

in te g ra tio n

co n stru ctio n ,

th ro u g h o u t

b u ild in g ’s

design,

d e p a rtu re

from th e conventional, s i n g l e - s t a g e ,

hence

fra g m e n te d

and

approach.

a

This

th e

o p e ra tio n —a

enables

and

a w hole-

stru c tu re d and p rioritized to provide gu id an ce on th e selection o f key te ch n o lo g ie s and co m p o n e n ts fo r each m ajor b uilding system , to m eet th e desired p e rfo rm a n ce levels, and on cost-effective so lu tio ns. The LPAF fo r b e tte r te chnology and integrated system s has th e b e n e fits o f g e ttin g CBERD closer to its p e rfo rm a n ce ta rg e ts and incre a sin g th e likelihood th a t th e envisaged re su lts can be achieved in th e real world.

building, integrated view and sim u lta n e o u s ly assures high perform ance,

both

in

te rm s

of

energy

e fficie n cy

and

c o m fo rt/s e rv ic e levels. In th e LPAF fram ew ork, th e crucial

Objective

2:

Formulate

building

energy

integration occurs betw een th e b u ild in g s ’ physical system s

efficiency R&D strategies targeted to the

by using innovative b u ild in g in fo rm a tio n technology. The

diversity of building types

LPAF fra m e w o rk creates m e trics a t th e th re e stages o f th e build in g

lifecycle:

by

predicting,

co m m issio n in g ,

m e asu ring build in g p e rform ance. This objective d e ve lopm ent o f

w h o le -b u ild in g

to o ls /m o d e ls th a t

can

and

e stim a te

th e

com pliance;

includes

sim u la tio n

b u ild in g ’s

energy

pe rform ance

and

controls

sensors fo r c o n tin u o u s m e a s u re m e n t and

and

code

system s

and

d e ve lop m e n t

of

tra c k in g o f real-tim e p e rfo rm a n ce relative to th e original design inten t; and b e n ch m a rkin g to provide fe e d b a c k loops

This e ffo rt focuses on incre a sin g th e breadth o f th e b uilding s to ck th a t w ill be a ffe cte d w hile incre a sin g th e d epth of energy savings in each b u ild in g type. The objective is to create a convergence o f high levels o f service and co m fo rt w ith resource- and e n e rg y-efficie n t so lu tio n s fo r a diversity o f b u ild in g types, e.g., o ffice s (o n e /tw o /th re e s h ift, p u b lic / private sector), retail, hospitality, hospitals, and m ulti-storied housing.

to th e next g eneration o f b u ild in g m odeling. The LPAF is organized

■ Building IT ■ Building Ph Practical A[

|

B uildin g info rm a tio n te ch n o lo g ie s (m id d le ring) B uild ing physical system s (outer ring) Figure 4: Key Diagram: CBERD’s focus on Building Information

Figure 3: CBERD’s program consists o f two R&D thrusts and supplemental applications that span the building lifecycle and yield

Technology and Physical Systems integration will simultaneously enable a whole-building view and assure high performance.

new technology.

November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014

4

Objective 3: Develop a suite of R&D strategies

Objective

5:

Promote

the

long-term

customized for U.S. and Indian applications ,

sustainability of building energy efficiency

enabling rapid development of regional and

through collaborative education and training

localized low-energy building practices and technologies

CBERD focuses on h e l p i n g overcom e know ledge gaps of

The CBERD focus is on applied R&D, in clu d in g innovative cooling and da ylight technologies, passive and envelope design, and products th a t s u it indigenous needs, regional variations, and clim ate d ive rsity (see Figure 5).

W ork

on

th is objective generates s o lu tio n s geared tow ards Indian a p p lica tio n s and advances a p p ro p ria te regional and local technologies. This w ork is coordinated w ith th a t o f O bjective 2 to ensure th a t th e tech n o lo g ie s apply to all p e rtin e n t b u ild in g types. The know ledge and lessons learned are

b u ild in g

research,

design,

thro u g h

tra in in g

and

and

developer

edu ca tio n

co m m u n itie s

curricula.

CBERD

docum ents, dem o n stra te s, educates, and uses consortium w ide use o f test-bed fa c ilitie s to accom plish this. B oosting th e two-way know ledge tra n s fe r and c a p a b ility levels of buildings s ta ke h o ld e rs fa c ilita te s in fo rm a tio n exchange and speeds

technology

and

p ro d u c t d e ve lo p m e n t th a t can

help generate s ig n ific a n t e fficie n cie s fo r th e U.S. and India. This w o rk w ill be co n d u cte d thro u g h

c o lla b o ration

w ith

d e p lo ym e n t channels in both countries.

docum e nted and applied in both countries. R&D focuses on both tech nology so lu tio n s and regional a d a p ta tio n th a t

Objective 6: Accelerate building efficiency

can leapfrog tra n s itio n a l tech n o lo g ie s w hile d e veloping and

R&D

a dva ncing app ro priate regional and local ones.

and

deployment

through

a

solid,

functioning consortium with bilateral publicprivate partnerships B u ild in g

Objective

4:

Enhance

compliance

on

co lla b o ra tive

e ffo rts

to

establish

long-term

and

re la tio n sh ip s am o n g researchers, CBERD aim s to achieve

development of building standards and codes

d e m a n d in g energy p e rfo rm a n ce ta rg e ts through a dedicated, long-term cooperative e ffo rt on th e p a rt o f m any stakeholders.

To bridge th e gap betw een sta n d a rd s and th e ir im p le m e n ta tio n , CBERD is developing design sp e cifica tion s, decision tools, algorithm s, and b e st practices guides. These are su pp o rte d by benchm arked and ongoing m easured data to achieve fiveyear pe rform ance ta rg e ts fo r co m m ercial and m u lti-storied

This e ffo rt w ould help th e b u ild in g s ta ke h o ld e rs navigate the path from business-as-usual to h igh-perform ance buildings. CBERD

leverages

te a m

m e m b e r’s

R&D,

com m ercial

experience, and expertise to create cohesive, significa nt, d ra m a tic im pacts in both nations.

re sidential buildings. This e ffo rt w ill enable o p p o rtu n itie s fo r s ig n ific a n t im provem ents in b u ild in g energy perform ance.

W e a th e r M o n ito r in g & fo re c a s tin g

R egio nal M a te ria ls & c o n s tru c tio n ,

A p p r o p r ia te b u ild in g physical system s

O w n e r / Tenant needs

L o c a liz a tio n / B uildings p ro to ty p e s

codes

In teg rated B uilding In form ation T echn o lo g y & Physical S ystem s

Figure 5: CBERD is developing a suite o f R&D strategies customized for regional and localized applications, among a diversity o f building types.

5


CBERD R&D Tasks and Collaboration Activities 1.0: Consortia Management and Coordination 2.0: Building Information Technology S ubtask: 2 .1 S im u la tio n and M o d e lin g S ubtask: 2 .2 M o n ito rin g and B e n ch m a rkin g S ubtask: 2 .3 C ontrols and C o m m u n ica tio n s Integration

3.0: Building Physical Systems S ubtask: 3 .1 Envelope / Passive Design (in clu d in g Energy E ffic ie n t B u ild in g M a te ria ls and Advanced Shells, Cool Roofs, W indow s and Daylighting, and Passive Design) S ubtask: 3 .2 A dvanced Technologies (in c lu d in g Advanced HVAC and A dvanced Lighting) S ubtask: 3 .3 C o m fo rt S tudies

4.0: Supplemental Applications S ubtask: 4 .1 Grid-Responsive B uildings S ubtask: 4 .2 Renewable Integration S ubtask: 4 .3 C ost O ptim ization of Energy E fficiency

5.0: Scientific Collaboration


6

1.0: Consortia M anagem ent and Coordination The CBERD C onsortia M a n a g e m e n t O ffice (CMO) provides core m a n a g e m e n t s u p p o rt to a ll p a rtn e rs to achieve p ro je c t objectives, c o n so rtiu m e ffe ctive n e ss, a n d q u a lity a t every sta g e o f research a n d developm ent. The CMO m anages p e rio d ic re p o rtin g, budg e tin g , fin a n ce s, a n d in te lle c tu a l p ro p e rty m a n a g e m e n t o f CBERD.

Background To coordinate and m anage a p ro je ct o f th is scale, LBNL and

in p a rtn e rs h ip w ith th e research in s titu tio n s and indu stry

CEPT have form ed th e CBERD M a n a g e m e n t O ffice (CMO),

team m e m bers in both countries, d e te rm in in g th e R&D

led by th e CBERD Principal and Co-Principal Investigators

progress and outcom es, and id e n tify in g challenges and m easures to overcom e them .

and sup p o rte d by th e P roject D irectors (PDs) and O perations M anager (OM) (see Figure 6). The CMO also coordinates and

•

U.S.-India

c o o rd in a tio n

thro u g h jo in t calls

and

web

p ro je ct m a n a g e m e n t and

R&D

drives R&D co m m unica tio n s, d ecision-m aking, and in d u stry

m eetings to discuss

p a rtn e rs h ip s in both nations. LBNL is th e U.S. C o n s o rtiu m ’s

co o rd in a tio n am o n g in s titu tio n a l and in d u stry partners.

o p e ra tin g a g e n t, co n d u c tin g a d m in istrative, fiscal, contracting,

•

P roject briefings and p re se n ta tio n s to th e U.S. and Indian governm ents (DOE, IUSSTF) on m a n a g e m e n t and R&D

and R&D resp o n sib ilitie s fo r th e U.S. DOE. CEPT is playing a parallel role fo r th e IUSSTF GOI. The CMO is also responsible

updates, and id e n tific a tio n o f issues and areas o f m utual

fo r effective

support.

c o o rd in a tio n /c o m m u n ic a tio n

betw een

team

m em bers and oth e r p ro je ct p a rticip a n ts, in clu d in g technical,

•

Under th e CBERD C onsortia

m a n a g e m e n t task, the

CMO also m a in ta in s a co lla b o ra tive web portal, CBERD

business, fin a n cial, and o th e r a p p ro p ria te a ctivities.

w ebsite, and CBERD o utreach a ctivities. The CMO team has assem bled a focused s e t of in d u stry p a rtn e rs h ip s th a t s u p p o rt th e te a m ’s R&D agenda. Each R&D

The results o f th is jo in t co n so rtia m a n a g e m e n t by CMOs in

ta s k is im ple m en ted by R&D P roject Leads w ith th e d irection

both co u n trie s has enabled us to:

o f th e Pis.

1.

Reach an a g re e m e n t on a fra m e w o rk fo r jo in t R&D activities.

2.

Progress so far

E stablish five-year p ro je ct plans and one-year w ork plans fo r each o f th e R&D tasks.

Key a ctivitie s o f th e U.S. and Indian CBERD M a n a g e m e n t O ffices (CMOs) have included c o o rd in a tin g pro je ct R&D,

3.

S e t up a secure w eb-based pro je ct m a n a g e m e n t tool.

continu ed fa c ilita tio n of in d u stry e n g a g e m e n t in th e R&D

4.

C onduct

5.

Design and m a in ta in th e CBERD w ebsite (w w w .cberd.

m a n a g e m e n t plan).

6.

Facilitate m o n th ly m eetings betw een ta s k leaders.

A ctivities have included th e follow ing:

7.

Facilitate exchange o f scholars in both countries.

jo in t

q u a rte rly

virtu a l

org).

technology m a n a g e m e n t plan fo r in te lle ctu a l pro p e rty (IP

•

CBERD

m eetings using video c o n fe re n cin g fa cilitie s.

activities, co n d u ctin g p a rtn e r m eetings and w ork sessions, fin a liz in g su bcontracts, and fin a liz in g a com prehensive jo in t

U .S .-In d ia

S trateg ic R&D p la n n in g to m e e t th e jo in t R&D objectives G o v e r n m e n t o f In d ia

U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f E n e rg y

In d ia -U .S . P ro je c t A d v is o ry B oard

India CBERD IP Office (CIPO)

In d ia - C B E R D M a n a g e m e n t O ffic e (C M O )

U .S .- C B E R D M a n a g e m e n t O ffic e ( C M O )

PI C o -P Is P ro je c t D ir e c to r O p e ra tio n s M a n a g e r

PI C o -P Is P ro je c t D ir e c to r O p e ra tio n s M a n a g e r

I C E P T - Lead IIT-B , H IT, M N IT , IIM - A , C SR

I L B N L - Lead O R N L , U C B , C M U , R PI

U.S. CBERD IP Office (CIPO)

Managem ent O ffices R & D Leads and th e ir O rganizational P artners Industrial / Cost-Share ■ P artners I

In dian co re in d u s try p a rtn e rs

in d u s try p a rtn e rs

Figure 6: CBERD organizational/governance structure for project coordination and management.

7


2.0: Building Information Technology Subtask 2.1: Simulation and Modeling This ta s k ’s research focus is to re d u ce b a rrie rs to energy e ffic ie n c y th ro u g h th e use o f in fo rm a tio n technology co m p u ta tio n s, in te g ra te d s im u la tio n tools, a n d R&D o f n e w m e th o d s fo r re d u c in g energy use o f e xistin g a n d new bu ild ing s.

Background The S im u la tio n and M o d e lin g s u b ta s k focuses on b u ild in g

im p le m e n te d in Simergy.

to ols to help archite cts and b u ild in g developers who design

An

and

sim u la tio n is being developed, fo r w hich id e n tifica tio n and

operate

b u ild in g

energy

system s.

It

co n ce n tra te s

Indian

c o n stru ctio n

m aterial

data b a se

fo r

energy

especially in te chnica l areas id e n tifie d by s ta ke h o ld e rs in

ch a ra cte rizatio n

India and in DOE’s B u ild in g Technologies Program M ulti-

m aterial data b a se will be integrated w ith th e sim u la tio n tool.

o f m a te ria ls

has

been

com pleted. This

Year (2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 5 ) W ork Plan. This s u b ta s k is divided into su b ta sks fo cu sin g on (1) graphical user in te rfa ce o f b u ild in g

Expanded to o ls fo r rapid design, m odeling, and o p tim izatio n

energy m o d e lin g tool rapid o p tim iza tio n tools, and (2) tools

are being developed, and an early-stage w indow design tool

fo r real-tim e m o n ito rin g and pe rfo rm a n ce benchm arking.

fo r w indow o p tim iza tio n (WINOPT) has been developed (See Fig 7). This tool w ill help users o ptim ize and se le ct appropriate

Team members

c o m b in a tio n s of w indow glass, w indow -to-w all ratios (WWRs), and overhang d e p th s fo r d iffe re n t fagade o rie n ta tio n s and d iffe re n t cities o f India.

LBNL UCB

Philip Haves, S am uel Lawrence B runsw ick

T heoretical to o ls to evaluate th e p o ssib ility o f using fast,

Francesco Borrelli, Frank C huang

ro b u st a lg o rith m s in m odel predictive control design were developed using an EnergyPlus m odel of th e Brower Center,

Vishal Garg, Aviruch Bhatia, Rathish IIIT-Hyderabad

S athyabam a A rum ugam , N itin Dixit, Ravi K um ar Singh, Rahul Tibrewal, S aransh Khanna, Deep D ixit

CEPT

Rajan Rawal, Agam Shah

a b u ild in g w ith

ra d ia n t-sla b c o o lin g located

in Berkeley,

C alifornia, USA. The stu d y helped to verify th a t fo r slow response system s, such as ra d ia n t-sla b system s, using the expected d istu rb a n ce is s u ffic ie n t to m inim ize expected cost. To enable rapid m o d e lin g using a deskto p tool, EnergyPlus using file synchronization te ch n iq u e s (EPsysnc) and parallel

Progress so far A ctivities have focused on a d a p tin g th e EnergyPlus graphical

co m p u tin g over several nodes has been developed.

user interfa ce (GUI) fo r advanced design, o perations, and perfo rm ance ra tin g and b e n ch m a rkin g activities. ForSim ergy, th e EnergyPlus GUI developed a t LBNL, a de ta iled design sp e cifica tion fo r th e na tu ra l ve n tila tio n system in te rfa ce has been

developed

system s,

in clu d in g

and

p a rtly

ra d ia n t-sla b

im p le m e n te d . c o o lin g

Low-energy

and evaporative

coo ling in air h a n d lin g units, have already been

Tools fo r real-tim e b u ild in g p e rfo rm a n ce

m o n ito rin g and

be n ch m a rkin g are also b e ing developed. For th is, a detailed lite ra tu re review has been conducted, w ith a focus on the design and o p e ra tio n o f e xp erim ental te s t fa c ilitie s fo r the evaluation

of a u to m a te d

fa u lt de te ctio n

and

diagnosis

m ethods.

Figure 7: Screen shot o f WINOPT tool, momogram


8

a d va n cin g th e sta te of th e a rt o f b e n c h m a rkin g in India, in clu d in g new m ethods th a t can be used to

Notable Achievements

advance U.S. b e n c h m a rk in g to o ls and program s. The

Public release o f version 1 .0 o f Sim ergy, th e free,

a ction

plan

includes

not

ju s t

an

em phasis

on

p ra ctitio n e r-o rie n te d u ser in te rfa c e fo r EnergyPlus.

tra d itio n a l

S im ergy

that

g ra n u la r system -level b e n c h m a rk in g and an a dditional

extended

fo r

w ill use

be in

developed

low -energy

fu rth e r

system

and

design,

p a rtic u la rly in early stage design, a n d fo r use in

w h o le -b u ild in g

d e co n stru ctio n

into

b enchm arking.

Data

benchm arking,

a sset co llection

but

also

and

operational

fo rm s

fo r

whole-

b u ild in g and system -level b e n c h m a rk in g have been

p e rfo rm a n ce -b a se d code com pliance.

developed. The d ata collected from th e se fo rm s will be

used

to

b e n ch m a rk

a lg o rith m

testing.

Additionally, a rch ite ctu ra l a sse t data and ope rationa l

Subtask 2.2: Monitoring and Benchmarking

energy d ata is being collected across a lm o s t 1 0 0 new b uildings

The tw o research fo ci o f th is ta s k a re to provide a fo u n d a tio n

in

G ujarat.

The

CBERD

p ro ject

has

co lla b o ra te d w ith th e UNDP-GEF p ro je ct a d m in istere d

fo r In d ia ’s cost-e ffe ctive b e n c h m a rk in g

by th e Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India, to ga th e r

a n d m o n ito rin g p rog ra m a n d to develop co st-effective,

energy co n su m p tio n data from approxim ately 1 ,0 0 0

packaged, sca la b le e n e rg y in fo rm a tio n system (EIS)

b uildings across India.

s o lu tio n s fo r both co u n trie s.

E la s tic ity 1.45

Background This s u b ta s k builds on a p p lica b le concepts from b e n ch m a rkin g activities.

and

Expected

energy

in fo rm a tio n

delive ra b le s

are:

system s (1)

a

o o o o

U.S. (EIS)

se t

o A + x

2 3 4 5

R Squared= 0.75

Star Star Star Star

x+

of

o

o

□

m ethods and fra m e w o rk fo r web-based so ftw a re tools fo r

CM

w hole- b u ild in g and system -level b e n c h m a rk in g adapted to th e Indian

context,

and

(2) cost-effective,

scalable O

approaches fo r co n tin u o u s m e a s u re m e n t and m o n ito rin g o f com m ercial buildings, w hich

can

be integrated

o

CM

into

energy in fo rm a tio n system s (EIS) and m e te rin g products w ith broad a p p lica b ility in th e U.S. and Indian m arkets.

Team members

2e+03

5e+03

1e+04

2e+04

5e+04

1e+05

2e+05

Overnight Guests per year

Paul M athew, Jessica G randerson,

LBNL

Figure 8: Benchmarking analysis o f the Energy performance o f hotels

Reshma Singh As p a rt of th e

CEPT U niversity

Yash S hukla, M ith i Dave

hospitals

in

o n going activitie s, d ata fo r hotels and India

from

previous

USAID

ECO-III

b e n c h m a rk in g a ctivitie s have been g athered (see Figure 8) and a b e n c h m a rk in g m odel fo r th e se tw o sectors has been

Progress so far

in itia te d. The b e n c h m a rk in g m odel w ill be com pleted in Year 2 of CBERD. The b u ild in g energy e fficie n cy industry, An action plan fo r advancing sta te -o f-th e -a rt b u ild in g energy b e n ch m a rkin g in India has been developed. This

plan

review and

is

based

on

an

extensive

lite ra tu re

b e n e fit thro u g h early access to, and jo in t d e ve lop m e n t of th e o u tp u ts of th e m o n ito rin g and b e n c h m a rk in g subtask.

of b e n ch m a rk in g e ffo rts in th e U.S., India, Europe;

d o cu m e n ta tio n

of

h ighlights

and

lessons learned, and gap analysis relative to Indian b e n ch m a rkin g

conducted

in

c o lla b o ra tio n

w ith

in d u stry p artn e rs S chn e id e r E lectric India and W ipro EcoEnergy. The purpose o f th is a ction plan is to d e fin e

as well as th e cost-share p a rtn e rs in both countries, w ould

a sp e cific s e t o f stra te g ie s and a ctions fo r

A fra m e w o rk fo r EIS g u id elin e s is u n d e r d e ve lop m e n t that includes

key

p e rfo rm a n ce

c o m m u n ica tio n s, and

so ftw a re

indicators,

hardware,

re quirem ents. This se t of

g u id elin e s has an in itia l d ata centre ta rg e t focus, w hich is now

com plete. The data ce n te r EIS g u id eline s provide a

bounded b u ild in g typology w here energy c o n su m ption is a U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development

critical concern (data centres can utilize up to 1 0 0 tim e s The have

com prehensive d ire c t

and

relevance

vendor-neutral

fo r

both

U.S.

EIS g u idelines

and


Indian data

centres. (See Figure 9). This w ould em pow er d ata centre owners,

developers,

operators,

and

energy

An A ction Plan fo r Indian B e n c h m a rk in g an d a n

service

com panies (ESCOs) to se le c t and sp e cify th e app ro p ria te

advanced

EIS fo r th e ir business purposes to d eliver a sound return

has been com pleted, a n d

on

th e

investm ent.

The

EIS

sam ple

sp e c ific a tio n

and

sele ction g uid elines fo r th e overall com m ercial buildings

Indian

d a ta co lle ctio n te m p la te fo r India

B u reau

of

is

b e in g review ed by

Energy

E fficie n cy

for

deployment. Energy co n su m p tio n a n d a rc h ite c tu ra l

sector w ill be fin a lize d a fte r in p u ts from in d u stry p a rtn e rs SynapSense,

S chn e id e r

E lectric

India,

and

c h a ra c te ris tic s d a ta o f 9 5 n e w b u ild in g s in G ujarat,

W ipro

EcoEnergy in Year 2 o f th is project. The guidance w ill be

India has been collected. An EIS g u id e fo r data

expanded to s e le c te d

co m m ercial b u ild in g

ce n te rs has been developed th a t ta rg e ts a high

h o s p ita lity and q u ick

energy use b u ild in g type, a n d w ill be p ilo te d in the

typologies such

h ig h -g ro w th

as offices,

retail,

service restaurants.

U.S. by in d u s try p a rtn e r Synapsense.

R E N E W A B -E

M

U T IL IT Y

S W IT C H G E A R

M

G ENERATO R

M

M1

ATS

D IS T R IB U T IO N S W IT C H G E A R

D IS T R IB U T IO N P A N E L M 3

___ 1 ------------

UPS

MS

PDU

M6

▼ it

M7

C R A H /C M * 3

Computer room

M4

D IS T R IB U T IO N P A N E L

▼

I __ C H IL L E R

MS

PUMPS

C T FAN

A IR IN T A K E T E M P

C H W FLO W

S1

'.r O

L IG H T IN G

M9

L eg en d

M 12

OUTDOOR TEM P

CHW S TEM P

S2

S

CH W R TEM P

S3

S4 CTW TEM P

CPU USED

-g & L

▼

V

T

O F F IC E and O THERS

M2

S4

01

Electrical

Cooling

IT

Pow er m eter ( M

Sensor

S

IT activity

O

Figure 9: CBERD-recommended metering diagram for Data Centre Energy Information System (EIS)


Subtask 2.3: Integrated Controls and Communication The research focus o f th is ta s k is to develop a n d fie ld te s t in te g ra te d c o m m u n ic a tio n s a n d c o n tro l tech n o lo g ies across b u ild in g system s such as h eating, ve n tila ting , a ir co n d itio n in g , lig h tin g an d d aylighting, a n d p lu g load system s.

Plug-load controls and integration

Background The s u b ta sk R&D includes d e ve lo p m e n t and fie ld -te s tin g of

In line w ith th e

co m m u n ica tio n

and control tech n o lo g ie s across b u ild in g

LBNL, an energy m eter has been designed a t IIIT-H fo r

system s. This includes advanced lighting, HVAC, and plug

m o n ito rin g th e p lug load and energy usage in various

load controls th a t: m inim ize energy use; respond to changes

b uildings

in

th e ir

h undred energy te s t m eters are being produced fo r a

fu n ctio n a lity, reliability, and o p e ra tio n a l insight; integrate

m o n ito rin g e xp e rim e n t a t IIIT-H. Plug loads have high

sensor data across b u ild in g system s; and enhance o ccu p a n t

p o tential

occupancy

and

e n viro n m e n ta l

factors;

im prove

m o n ito rin g perform ed

at

in India. As a firs t step tow ards this, one

fo r

red u ctio n

in

energy

usage.

Using

an

com fort. This w ork is h e lp in g to develop new s m a rt lu m in a ire s

extensive

and plug-load controllers; va lidate and

tra ce s collected in U.S. buildings by LBNL, advanced

im prove w ireless

co m m u n ica tio n tech n o lo g ie s fo r u b iq uito u s se n sin g and control o f b u ild in g loads; and develop and id e n tify protocols and data s tru ctu re s to sta n d a rd ize exchange o f all b u ild in g data betw een system s. A ctivities are in tegrated around: •

plug load

data b a se

a lg o rith m s

of

device-level

th a t categorize

loads

plug-load

into

power

sensitive

and

sta n d a rd loads are being developed, to id e n tify if a load is sensitive (e.g., a com puter), and only sw itch o ff power to non-sensitive loads (e.g., lights, displays) w hen the space is unoccupied or unutilized.

Advanced lighting

•

Plug-load controls

•

HVAC, lig h tin g and b u ild in g system s

A n a lo g - o u tp u t fo r

C urrent

Light d im m e r

Team members

Lux Sensor

cont ro lle r

LBNL

IIIT-Hyderabad

Francis R ubinstein, Steven Lanzisera, Richard Brown Vishal Garg, Janyathi Sivaswam i,

Socket fo r

S h u b h a jit Roy Chowdhury, K.

tra n sce ive r

Occupancy

w ire le ss _ J

N iranjan Reddy, P rabhakar Rao, Figure 10: Smart Luminaire controller developed by CBERD te a m

S id d a rth Jain, D ivanshu Shivraj

HVAC, Lighting, and Building System Integration

Progress so far Through colla borative w ork betw een th e

Indian and

U.S.

team s, a fo u n d a tio n a l u n d e rs ta n d in g of b u ild in g system s in India has been developed. This w ork has p a rtic u la rly focused on co m m o n a litie s w ith and d iffe re n ce s from sta n d a rd U.S. com m ercial b u ild in g system s.

S ta rtin g

w ith

th e

UC

Berkeley-developed

M e a s u re m e n t and A ctuation Profile (sMAP) system , LBNL has

developed

te s tin g

its

data

exchange

ca p a b ilitie s.

Honeywell,

LBNL

appro p ria te

fo r

is

system fo u n d a tio n

W orking

w ith

in ve stig a tin g

in te rco n n e ctio n

E nlighted

system s

w ith

th e

The design o f th e S m a rt Lum inaire C ontroller designed by IIIT-H has been revised, and sam ple te s tin g is u n d e r way a t th e HIT Hyderabad fa cilitie s. A dynam ic w indow co n tro lle r is being

system s

and are

new control

prom ises s ig n ific a n t energy savings across the

com m ercial and

th a t

and

data exchange

platform . This w ork on data exchange and

Advanced Lighting and Integration

S im ple

b uildings

co n tro ls

in d u stry

sector.

The

sta n d s to

buildings

e q u ip m e n t

b e n e fit through

early

access to and jo in t d e ve lo p m e n t of th e se technologies.

developed to integrate lig h tin g w ith th e b u ild in g envelope and to h a rve st daylight. This d ynam ic w indow c o n tro lle r varies th e a m o u n t o f natural lig h t re a ch in g th e w ork d e sk d e p e n d in g on th e sola r radiation and lux level se t a t th e table. W orking w ith in d u stry p a rtn e r Enlighted,

LBNL

is

p la n n in g fo r th e

firs t

d e m o n stra tio n o f advanced lig h t-e m ittin g diode (LED) lig h tin g control system s to be deployed a t LBNL fa cilitie s. November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014

Notable Achievements Design

and

m o n ito rin g

p ro d u c tio n completed',

o f pow er P re lim in a ry

m eters

fo r p lu g

a lg o rith m s

th a t

id e n tify p lu g loads a p p ro p ria te fo r o n / o ff p o w e r co n tro l developed

3.0: Building Physical Systems Subtask 3.1: Envelope / Passive Design

This ta s k focuses on p h ysica l b u ild in g system s, end uses a n d adva n ce d tech n o lo g ie s th a t a re im p o rta n t to th e b u ild in g energy e fficie n cy needs. This ta s k is d ivid e d in to fo u r s u b ta s k s: (1) Energy E ffic ie n t B u ild in g M a te ria ls a n d A dvanced S h ells; (2) Cool Roofs; (3) W indows a n d D aylighting, a n d (4) Passive Design.

Background This ta s k is divided into fo u r subtasks: (1) Energy E fficie n t

Affiliation

B u ild in g M a terials and Advanced Shells; (2) Cool Roofs; (3)

1.

E valuating pe rfo rm a n ce of in su la tio n m a te ria ls fo r th e ir therm o-physical

and

hygrotherm al

properties,

Rajan Rawal, Vinod Patel, Agam

CEPT

W indows and Daylighting, and (4) Passive Design. A ctivities un der th e se w ork stre a m s are fo cu sin g on:

Name

Shah

Windows and Day lighting Team Rajan Rawal, Sanyogita M anu, Yash

and CEPT

d e ve lop m e n t of a co n stru ctio n m a te ria ls and assem bly

S hukla, Agam Shah, Pranav Kishor, Vinod Patel

database. 2.

D evelopm ent and te s tin g of cool roof te ch n o lo g ie s and

3. D evelopm ent, testing, d e m o n stra tio n , and high-perform ance

glazing

and

C hristian Kohler, C harlie Curcija,

LBNL

advancing sta te -o f-th e -a rt tech n o lo g ie s fo r both nations.

Robin M itchell

v a lid a tio n of

da ylig h t

h a rve stin g

Passive Design team

solutions. 4.

D eve lopm e nt o f In dia-centric n u m e rica l to o ls to help architects

and

engineers

m ake

inform ed

Shah, M ih ir V akharia

design

decisions. 5.

Rajan Rawal, Sanyogita M anu, Agam

CEPT

MNIT

Jyotirm ay M a th u r

G eneration of a p e rfo rm a n ce data b a se of products and techn olo gie s available in India and e n h a n c e m e n t o f te s t

M ona D octor Pingel, Tency Baetens,

Auroville CSR

Alm a Bakhlina, Vijay K.

fa c ilitie s to develop and evaluate com plex fe n e s tra tio n system s available in India. 6.

U C B -C BE

Gail Brager, Anoop N oonekeri

S c ie n tific evaluation of passive design stra te g ie s used in buildings in India, d e ve lo p m e n t of prototypes, and co m m u n ica tio n

of

te s t

results

w ith

th e

Progress so far

b u ild in g

com m unity.

Research Subtask 3.1A: Energy Efficient Building Materials and Advanced Shells

Team members

Design of th e firs t phase

o f physical

te s tin g th e rm o - physical and

Energy

Efficient

Building

Materials

and

Advanced Shells Team CEPT

ORNL

1 ,0 0 0

IIIT-Hyderabad

and

floor,

and

Pablo Rosado

up to

it very contextual to India. A n o th e r unique c a p a b ility is the

m ass

wall

assem blies.

te m p e ra tu re can be co n tro lle d Ronnen Levinson, Ja yantS athaye

com plex assem blies

mm x 1 ,0 0 0 mm x 3 5 0 mm thickn e ss, th u s m aking

a b ility to co n d u c t d ynam ic guarded hotbox te sts on heavy th e rm a l

LBNL

of

14). This is in accordance w ith ASTM C 236, to te s t wall, fe n e s tra tio n

Cool Roof Team

prope rties

and c o n stru ctio n of a Guarded H ot Box (GHB) (See Figure

Patel, S rijan D idw ania

M anfred K ehrer

hygrotherm al

b u ild in g m a te ria ls has been done. This includes th e design

Rajan Rawal, S anyogita M anu, Vinod

A ndre D esjarlais, K a u sh ik Biswas,

in fra stru ctu re for

GHB

from

clim ate

ch am be r

5 0 to 6 0 °C and air

velocity from 0 .2 to 1.0 m eters per second (m /s). GHB m e te rin g ch a m b e r te m p e ra tu re can be co n tro lled from 22 to 2 8 °C. The d e ve lo p m e n t of th e hygrotherm al fa c ility (see

Vishal Garg, K. N iranjan Reddy,

Figure

R athish S athyabam a A rum ugam

ca lib ra tio n of pressure plates, a c lim a te cham ber, drying


11)

includes

procurem ent,

in s ta lla tio n ,

and

12

Sealing material o prepare sampes

Sample preparation in glass box to put it in the moist chamber Glass exicators— (Gives moisture retaining capacity of specimen)

_ A

-

-

L

a

PrecisionWeighing

!

Moist CablneV Curing Chamber (with40%to 98%RH range) Standard-ASTM C511-06

Laboratory Oven (Removes moisture fromspecimen cooking it)

1 -

-

11

.

Pressure Plate Extractor [Gives moisture retainingcapacity of specimen at given pressure)

11

II

Figure 11: A rtist’s image o f hygrothermal characterization facility for building material ovens, an in e rt gas oven, and a n cilla ry equ ipm e n t. The

In

a ddition,

a

protocol

to

te s t

cool

roofs

fo r

aging

CBERD p ro ject te am has id e n tifie d ASTM sta n d a rd s C 1498,

pro p e rties is being developed. M a n u fa ctu re rs have been

C 1699, and E96, and ISO sta n d a rd s 1 5 1 4 8 and C 518 as

contacted to c o lle c t sam ples available in India.

app licab le

standards.

This

fa c ility

will

have

clim ate

sam ples will be n a tu ra lly exposed to stu d y th e w e athe ring

ch a m b e r w ith relative h u m id ity (RH) c o n tro lla b ility betw een

and aging o f ro o fin g products. This should help th e U.S.-

20% and 95%, w ith precision o f 3%. O u tp u t pressure can be

India te a m develop a va ria n t o f LBNL’s accelerated aging

regulated from 0 .7 to 16 bar. For th e guarded h o t box and

protocol s u ita b le fo r ro o fin g products in Indian clim ates.

hygrotherm al ta s k fa cilitie s , th e CEPT te a m

a

These

has received

technical guidance by ORNL.

Research lighting

Subtask

3.1C:

Windows

and

Day

Insulation m ate rials and generic b u ild in g m a te ria ls are being tested fo r d e ve lop m e nt o f a data b a se th a t w ill feed into a sim u la tio n to ol to coordinate a ctivitie s fo r th e passive design task. B u ild in g m aterials and a sse m b lie s w ill be tested fo r buildings being m onitored fo r energy and enviro n m e n ta l perform ance. To accom plish this, a state-of-the-art, oneof-a-kind fa c ility a t CEPT w ill be used. CEPT and ORNL are w o rking w ith in d u stry p a rtn e r BCIL to expand th e m a te ria ls database. BCIL is h elp in g th e CEPT te a m c o n s tru c t wall assem blies, w hich w ill be te ste d a t GHB. A n o th e r in d u stry partner, PLUSS, is w o rkin g w ith CEPT and ORNL to develop phase-change m aterial panels, and th e fo rm -sta b ilize d PCM panels th a t have been developed have been an e n couraging step forw ard.

Research Subtask 3 .IB : Cool Roofs A pproxim ately 1 2 0 cool roof at

CEPT

with

the

accordance w ith ASTM

m a te ria ls

are

guidance

of

being tested LBNL,

in

E 9 0 3 standards. CEPT also has

developed a fra m e w o rk fo r Indian cool roof ra tin g system s, e la b o ra tin g on te s tin g protocols, te s tin g eq u ipm e n t, and proposed

a d m in istra tiv e

and

m a rk e t

m echanism s.

An

u n co n dition ed b u ild in g has been id e n tifie d fo r a cool roof d e m o n stra tio n

in

N agpur

(com posite

clim ate),

and

in s tru m e n ta tio n and m in o r m o d ific a tio n s o f th e b u ild in g are

Figure 12: Testing o f window with daylighting system for Solar Fieat Gain Coefficient The m ain objective o f th is s u b ta s k is to develop, test, de m o n stra te ,

and

p e rfo rm a n ce glazing, solutions.

va lidate shading,

C haracterization

of

cost-effective, and

high-

da ylig h t h arvesting

glass

fo r

its

optical

pro p e rties such as visual tra n s m itta n c e , absorptance, and re fle cta n ce has been conducted in accordance w ith ISO 9 0 5 0 and EN 410, and in a so la r range as well as a nearIR range. The CEPT team has te ste d a pproxim ately 2 0 0 glazing sam ples (See Figure 12) available in th e Indian

in progress. The IIIT-H te a m is c o n d u c tin g fie ld experim ents. 13


Figure 13: Artificial Clear Sky and M irror Box glass

necessary to increase b u ild in g p e rfo rm a n ce and reduce

sam ples available in th e Indian m a rke t from th e organized

m arket,

energy co n su m p tio n from a rtific ia l lighting. This box w ill also

m arket.

w hich

covers

a pproxim ately

These te s t results

are

80%

available

of th e

in th e

public

help in re se a rch in g design v a ria tio n s w ith da yligh t ha rvesting

dom ain. The results will be added to th e LBNL C om m ercial

technologies.

A m irro r box consists

of

highly

reflective

F enestration tool (COMFEN) data b a se and will be available in

hom ogenously lit c e ilin g and m irrored walls. The lig h t source

th e In te rn a tio n a l Glass D atabase m a in ta in e d by LBNL.

is a m ilky w hite d iffu s in g acrylic s h e e t illu m in a te d w ith over

CEPT has developed a design and sp e cific a tio n s d o c u m e n t

v e rtic a lly all around th e p e rip h e ry o f th e box, produce an

fo r a m irror box to create a rtific ia l sky conditions. (See

im age o f th e lit ce ilin g by re fle ctio n and in te r-reflection to

Figure 13). This w ill be co n stru cte d in Year 2 o f th e CBERD

infinity. The m irro r box w ould generate lig h t levels betw een

1 0 .0 0 0 LEDs w o rkin g as lig h t source. The m irrors, arranged

project. A m irro r box is used to sim u la te overcast sky

1 2 .0 0 0 to 1 5 ,0 0 0 lux on th e w ork plane. The b u ild in g m odel

con d ition s fo r b u ild in g m odels, w hich helps a rch ite cts and

to be analyzed fo r d a ylighting is placed inside th e m irror box,

engineers u nderstan d d a ylig h tin g inside and

m ake

design

th e

b u ild in g

im provem ents —8 pairs of air temp, sensors (hung 100 mm away from inside wall surface)

5 shielded air temp, sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle surface)

11 pairs of surface temp, sensors

11 air temp, sensors (hung 100 mm away from inside wall surface)

5 Surface temp, sensors (located on baffle surface) 9 air velocity sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle)

low-flow circulating fans

low-flow circulating fans

(hung 100 mm away from inside wall surface) - 4 pressure sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle) - 9 air velocity sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle surface)

r l E( TR I M E IE H IN ti ' ' I

CHAMBER

SPEC MEN

CHAMBER

4 pressure sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle surface) AIR BAFFLE (BLACK M ETAL SURFACE) 4 air velocity sensors (1 on each wall surface, hung away from inside wall surface)

C OM PU IEH AIR BAFFLE (BLACK METAL SURFACE)

3 RH sensor (1 on each wall surface) 8 pairs of surface temp sensors (dist 125 mm) DATA ACQUISION SYSTEM

CHILLER

Figure 14: A rtist’s image o f guarded hot box


14

M U K U D U V ID U LOGGERS PLACEMENT: DOME 1 1 .1 O v e rv ie w o f th e tw o do m es 1 .2 ; 1 .3 D o m e 1: w e s te rn s id e o f th e do m e : A 1 + s u rfa c e te m p s en s o r + 8 4 c m B9 + 2 s u rf te m p + 2 1 7 c m ,+ 3 6 0 c m D1 w ith d isp la y

D e t a il s e c tio n r o o f t o p v e n t ila t io n A

S u r f a c e t e m p s e n s o rs A H O B O ( R H /a i r - t /l u x )

B HOBO ( R H / a i r - t ) 2 c h

C HOBO 4 c h

D ( t e m p . , R H ) d is p l a >

and lu m ina nce levels are m easured using a lux meter. This

energy con su m p tio n , peak energy dem and, and th e rm a l and

w ill create uniform ly d istrib u te d sky co n d ition s. In sta lla tio n of

visual com fort. The results from th e Energy Plus sim u la tio n s

th e Sky S im ulator, w hich sim u la te s various sky co n d ition s fo r

are presented in graphical and ta b u la r fo rm a t w ith in the

b u ild in g models, is being analyzed fo r cle a r sky conditions.

s im p lifie d user in te rfa ce fo r com parative fe n e s tra tio n design

The system consists of a tu rn ta b le , mirror, and Fresnel lamp.

cases, to help users move tow ards o p tim a l fe n e stra tio n

The b u ild in g design to be analyzed fo r d a ylig h tin g is fixed

design choices fo r th e ir project. The CBERD pro je ct team has

on th e tu rn ta b le 's platform , and th e tu rn ta b le can rotate

developed a COMFEN India version (See Figure 16).

th e m odel a b o u t tw o axes. The tu rn ta b le receives lig h tin g from th e Fresnel lam p a fte r re fle ctio n from th e mirror. The

Sixty-five w e a th e r file s fo r Indian locations have been included

lam p em ulates one sky patch o u t o f th e to ta l 1 4 5 v irtu a l

in th e COMFEN database. Occupancy, lighting, equipm ent,

d ivisions w ith equal area o f th e sky dom e as per Tregenza's

and HVAC schedules have been custom ized to re fle ct the

m odel. The tu rn ta b le rotates th e m odel such th a t th e lam p

daytim e and 2 4 /7 o p e ration o f o ffice b uildings in India. M ore

is positioned in each o f th e 1 4 5 d ivisions o f th e sky dome.

th a n 1 0 0 generic Indian b u ild in g m aterials, w ith th e ir physical

For each division, illu m in a n ce levels are m easured inside th e

properties, have been id e n tifie d to be included in th e COMFEN

space using lux m eters. These m easured readings are then

database. W indow and wall c o n stru ctio n te m p la te s have

com puted to give da ylighting p e rfo rm a n ce o f th e space.

been created to re p re se n t business-as-usual cases o f India, as well as to re p re s e n t ECBC (Energy C onservation B uilding

COMFEN

syste m a tic

C ode)-com pliant cases. W ork has sta rte d on inclusion o f C 02

evaluation o f altern ative fe n e s tra tio n system s fo r project-

is a tool designed to s u p p o rt th e

em issions and m aterial cost-related Indian co n d itions, and

sp e cific

CEPT and LBNL are d e v e lo p in g a n option fo r m o d e lin g e le c tric

co m m ercial

s im p lifie d

b u ild in g a p p lica tio n s.

user interfa ce

th a t focuses

It provides

a tte n tio n

on

a

key

h e a tin g in a d d itio n to c u rre n t gas heating.

variab les in fe n e stra tio n design. U nder th e hood is Energy Plus,

a

so p h isticate d

analysis

engine

th a t

dynam ically

sim u la te s th e e ffects o f th e se key fe n e s tra tio n variables on

15

The U.S. te a m a t LBNL has developed and docu m e nted an a n g u la r tu b e s accessory fo r m e a su rin g a n g u la r pro perties


sca tte rin g o f m a teria ls (e.g., shade fabrics). The design

b u ild in g s are th e Haryana Renewable Energy D evelopm ent

d o cu m e n ta tio n consists o f 2-D draw ings (DXF exchange file

Agency (HAREDA) in C handigarh; E nvironm ental S an ita tio n

fo rm a t) and 3-D draw ings (Solid W orks), and a re p o rt d e ta ilin g

In s titu te

th e fa b ric a tio n process, in clu d in g n u m b e r o f CAD and actual

A uditor General (CAG) in Jaipur; Foundation fo r Liberal and

im ages o f a n gula r tu b e s. The re p o rt also in cludes th e step-

M a n a g e m e n t E ducation (FLAME) in Pune; and In stitu te o f

by-step process o f in s ta llin g tu b e s into th e s p e ctro m e te r

Rural Research and D evelopm ent (IRRAD) in New Delhi.

(ESI)

in

A h m edabad;

B uilding

of

C om ptroller

in stru m e n t. The CEPT and LBNL te a m s are w orking w ith Sky S hade and Infosys to characterize laser c u t panels (LCP), w hich have

N ota ble A ch ie ve m e n ts •

D e ta ile d design a n d s p e c ific a tio n o f a g u a rd e d h o t box a n d h yg ro th e rm a l te s t have been pre pared, tra c in g it to ASTM & ISO sta n d a rd s.

3

•

E

The COMFEN India to o l has been custom ized fo r

3 In d ia n c o n d itio n s a n d is p u b lic ly available. •

II

I

have been

id e n tifie d

fo r m o n ito rin g

a n d p e rm is s io n s to access one-year co n tin u o u s

il m

y

B u ild in g s

m o n ito rin g a lo n g w ith s p o t m e a su re m e n ts an d

1 ■" e

■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

/

i

■ -=i■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ , ■■

~ / § / S 40 1

surveys a re in place.

/

„

Figure 16: COMFEN India version screenshot ca p a b ilitie s to tra n s p o rt da ylig h t into th e b u ild in g flo o r space. These panels will help reduce d e p e n d e n ce on e le c tric lig h t du rin g th e daytim e. W ith th e help o f a photo-goniom eter, th e CBERD te a m is w o rkin g on a b id ire ctio n a l s c a tte rin g d is trib u tio n fu n c tio n (BSDF) to cha ra cte rize LCPs. This will help w ith s im u la tin g LCPs in b u ild in g energy m odels such as Radiance.

R esearch S u b ta s k 3 .ID : Passive D esign The criteria fo r th e se le ctio n o f n a tu ra lly ve n tila te d buildings to

be

m onitored

was d e fin e d , and

a

m a trix listin g all

possible ca ndidate s fo r th e stu d y was prepared. S ite visits to

approxim ately

25

sh o rt-liste d

buildings

Pondicherry were organized. Of th e s e

in

A u ro v ille /

2 5 , six buildings

w ere fu rth e r selected fo r w h o le -b u ild in g m o n ito rin g and tw o selected fo r m o n ito rin g o f a sp e cific strategy. These buildings have been m onitored since A ugust 2 0 1 3 . (See Figure 15)

A lite ra tu re stu dy was conducted to und e rsta n d th e sim u la tio n criteria fo r n a turally ve n tila te d buildings. The CBERD team has id e n tified critica l sim u la tio n in p u ts to su cce ssfu lly s im u la te n a turally ve ntila ted buildings. Using va rio u s stu d ie s fro m th e past, and available know ledge fro m industry, th e values and exten t o f th e se pa ram eters have been fra m e d .

Five buildings w ith unique fe a tu re s fo r stu d yin g passive design fe a tu re s have been selected fo r th e next phase. These

November 2 0 1 2 - March 20 14

16

Subtask 3.2: Advanced Technologies

The objective o f th is s u b ta s k is to re-optim ize e xistin g c o o lin g a n d d e h u m id ific a tio n system a p p ro a ch e s fo r In d ia ’s c o m m e rc ia l/m u lti-fa m ily n e w c o n s tru c tio n m a rke t. The ta s k targets, develops, a n d tests a d va n ce m e n ts in HVAC technology which can s ig n ific a n tly re d u ce en e rg y use in both n a tio n s. A n o th e r objective o f th is s u b ta s k is to ch a ra cterize an d id e n tify h ig h -p e rfo rm a n c e LED system s, id e n tify lig h tin g a p p lic a tio n s in b u ilt e n viro n m e n ts th a t can b e n e fit from LED technology, an d u n d e rs ta n d th e in te ra c tio n o f lig h tin g system s w ith b u ild in g co o lin g system s.

Background S u b ta sk 3 .2 Advanced Technologies, consists of tw o tasks:

practices has been com pleted. A com prehensive m ethodology

(1) Advanced HVAC and (2) A dvanced Lighting.

fo r

In th e

and

e v a lu atin g

th e

pe rfo rm a n ce

of

ch ille rs

has

p repared and circu la te d to HVAC experts fo r A dvanced HVAC task, w ork is be in g conducted to

observations. This

m ethodology,

been

suggestions

besides

eva luating

id e n tify and optim ize existin g co oling and d e h u m id ific a tio n

th e fie ld a sse ssm e n t o f chillers, sim u lta n e o u s ly evaluates

system s, to

m a in te n a n ce practices and historical data fo r th e p a st 12

im prove

m a rke t a c c e p ta b ility

by increasing

efficacy and redu cing com plexity and cost. Through field

m onths.

de m o n stra tio n , th e effica cy o f im provem ents in D edicated O utdoor Air S ystem s Exchangers

(MCHX)

(DOAS) will

be

and

M icro

developed,

C hannel

H eat

A v is it to th e U nderw riters Laboratories (UL) te s t labs a t

deployed,

and

C hennai and Hyderabad was ta ke n to assess th e te s tfa c ilitie s

validated.

fo r ch ille rs and u n ita ry a ir con d ition e rs. UL has offered the use o f th e ir te s t fa c ilitie s until one is available a t MNIT-J.

Team members The ra d ia n t co oling system o ffe rs s ig n ific a n t saving options in chilled w a te r system s. Presently th e in s ta lla tio n s in India

Advanced HVAC team

are lim ited. The s im u la tio n -b a se d analysis o f ra d ia n t system s and va lid a tio n w ith m easured para m e te rs has been carried

Jyotirm ay M athur, L a lit . K. Joshi, MNIT-J

Kam lesh Jagratwal, Pramod Kumar, D harm endra

IIT-B

M ilind Rane

o u t fo r Tech M a h in d ra b u ild in g in Hyderabad (See Figure 17),

and

s im ila r

M ahderekal, P atrick Hughes

is

being conducted

fo r

Infosys

b u ild in g in Hyderabad. As an extension o f innovative ways fo r o p tim izin g ch illed w a te r system s, a ra d ia n t ta b le fo r personalized

M a h a b ir Bhandari, Isaac

w ork

c o o lin g

was

developed

and

e valuation was carried out, both thro u g h

pe rform ance

sim u la tio n

and

v a lid a tio n w ith a ctual d e p loym e n t data. ( See Figure 18).

Advanced Lighting team In th e absence o f Indian c h ille r ra tin g standards, th e c u rre n t RPI CEPT

N adarajah N arendran Rajan Rawal, Agam Shah

d e pendence is on ASHRAE/AHRI standards, w hich are not a p tly

suited

to

Indian

c lim a tic

conditions.

MNIT-J

has

actively p a rtic ip a te d in th e fin a liz a tio n of th e se sta ndard s IIIT-H

Vishal Garg, Hem a R allapalli

Progress so far

fo r th e Indian context. This w ill help in a p p ro p ria te sizing of ch ille rs fo r In d ia ’s c lim a tic conditions. MNIT has conducted c o m fo rt surveys and carried o u t extensive s ta tis tic a l analyses

Subtask 3.2A: Advanced HVAC S u b se q u e n t to a detailed review o f chilled w ater system s

fo r co n ditioned, hybrid, and u n co n d itio n e d buildings in the com posite c lim a tic zone fo r a s se ssm e n t o f energy-saving potential.

in India, ten sites have been id e n tifie d fo r th e pe rfo rm a n ce evaluation o f chilled w ater system s. Data on p a st pe rfo rm a n ce o f chillers is also being collected from in d u stria l p a rtn e rs in CBERD and PACE- R energy c o n s u lta n t’s reports. The initial perfo rm ance asse ssm e n t has been done fo r six locations.

A variety o f non-com pressor DOAS o ptions are available in th e Indian m arket. L iterature review and m a rke t research suggests th a t th e se system s could reduce overall energy co n su m p tio n

in Indian

HVAC system s

by 30% to 80%,

The analysis fra m e w o rk fo r e xisting ch ille rs and prevailing 17


Figure 17: A snapshot o f a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for a radiant cooling system at Tech Mahindra. dep e n d in g on th e o u td o o r and in d o or design c o n d itio n s in

o f Lig h ting Engineers provided h a lf th e fu n d s (c o stsh a re ), and

e ffe c t when deployed to tre a t v e n tila tio n air. It is understood

to o k care o f th e logistics o f ru n n in g th e se tw o w orkshops. The

th a t th e savings pote n tia l increases w ith a c o rre sp o nd in g

w orkshops w ere very successful, exceeding th e to ta l nu m ber

increase in o u td o o r dry-bulb te m p e ra tu re (DBT) and dew

o f p a rtic ip a n ts a n ticip ate d . Between Bangalore and Delhi,

p o in t te m p e ra tu re (DPT) or RH. A m ong th e various DOAS

m ore th a n 7 5 people p a rticip a te d .

system s being considered fo r fu rth e r d e ve lo p m e n t are an Airto-Air H eat Exchanger system and Liquid D e sicca n t System

RPI has offered a d m ission and sch o la rsh ip to a

fo r Fresh Air D e hum id ifica tio n .

from India to pursue graduate s tu d ie s in Lighting. The total

s tu d e n t

value o f th e package exceeds $ 7 0 ,0 0 0 fo r th e academ ic Findings from a b rie f lite ra tu re review on th e fe a tu re s and

year 2 0 1 3 /1 4 ). This s tu d e n t w ill w ork on research projects

challenges

re le va n t to th e CBERD program .

of

m icro

channel

heat

exchangers

(MCHX)

suggests th a t w h ils t th e MCHX have th e pote n tia l to reduce th e size, w eight, and co st o f th e evaporator, th e y have had


lim ited success in th e fie ld and m a rke t a c c e p ta b ility w ithin India, and m a n u fa ctu re rs have been w ary of a d o p tin g MCHX

•

due to p a st failures.

A review o f th e c u rre n t s ta te o f th e a rt on DOAS an d

MCHX fo r evaporators

in

s m a ll

u n ita ry

system s has been com pleted, to g e th e r w ith an

Subtask 3.2B: Advanced Lighting

in itia l p e rfo rm a n c e a s se ssm e n t o f c h ille d w a ter

As p a rt of th e e s ta b lis h m e n t of th e te s t fa c ility fo r LED lig h tin g system s in six locations.

a t IIIT-H, th e RPI and IIIT-H te a m s are fin a liz in g th e lis t of e q u ip m e n t and th e design of th e te s t setup.

•

The te a m co n d u cte d w ell-received w orkshops on A dvanced L ig h tin g in tw o Indian cities.

Two 2 -day advanced lig h tin g w orkshops w ere conducted in Bangalore and Delhi. In S e p te m b e r 2 0 1 3 , th e Indian S ociety

Figure 18: An experimental radiant cooling table for personalised cooling.


18

Subtask 3.3: Comfort Studies Major/Key Research Objectives

The p rim a ry o bjective o f th is ta s k is to develop m e th o d o lo g y p ro to co ls, a n d te chniques fo r th e s tu d y o f h u m a n th e rm a l c o m fo rt in a clim a te c h a m b e r a n d in c o m m e rc ia l b u ild in g s in India.

Background This su b ta sk

has tw o

key activitie s: (1) Post-occupancy

evaluation o f buildings em ploying a b u ild in g user survey, and (2) D evelopm ent o f an a daptive th e rm a l c o m fo rt tool linked to sim u la tio n tools.

Team members

Rajan R a w a l, Sanyogita M anu,

CEPT

Yash S hukla, Agam Shah

M N IT-J

Jyotirm ay M a th u r

U C B -C BE

Gail Brager

Progress so far CEPT and UC Berkeley have conducted a lite ra tu re review of conventional and advanced o ffice design a ttrib u te s fo r five Indian clim ates. Data on existing m ethods fo r assessing in su lation o f Indian clo th in g (clo) has been gathered.

For th e

sub jective

assessm ents,

an

o n lin e

survey tool

developed by th e C enter fo r th e B u ilt E nvironm ent (CBE) a t UC Berkeley is being used. This survey has previously been deployed in over 6 0 0 buildings, and th e data collected will provide a unique b e nch m a rk fo r c o m p a rin g th e pe rfo rm a n ce of U.S. buildings. The survey tool is being contextualized fo r India, and a p ilot survey is being a d m in iste re d . C riteria fo r selection o f buildings to survey have been esta b lishe d .

Figure 19: Thermal Comfort Chamber relative h u m id ity from 20% to 80% , along w ith ch a nging air d is trib u tio n p a tte rn s as well as a ir speed . These co n d ition s are

m a in ta in e d

various type

of

exp e rim e n ta tio n ,

and

sp e cifica tio n s,

and has id e n tified the research q u e stio n s fo r th e ch a m b e r experim ents.

S p e cifica tio n s

of

system s,

hardw are,

m onitored

by

so p h isticate d

air

th e TCC is to c o n d u c t e xperim ents to evaluate th e im pa ct of

The CBERD team has conducted a lite ra tu re stu d y o f existing cham bers,

and

c o n d itio n in g system s and control devices. The purpose o f

and

so ftw a re required fo r th e ch a m b e r have been fo rm u la te d . Indian researchers have received tra in in g in th e design and

indoor

e n viro n m e n ta l

co n d itio n s

on

o ccu p a n t

c o m fo rt, productivity, etc. Individuals p a rtic ip a tin g in th e s tu d y would s it a t one o f fo u r w o rksta tio n s in TCC and experience th e rm a l c o n d itio n s s e t by th e research team . At th e end o f th e e xperim ent, they will ta ke a survey and provide q u a n tita tiv e and q u a lita tiv e fe e d b a ck a b o u t th e ir experience.

operatio n o f th e cham ber, exp e rim e n ta l protocols, and survey design and a d m in istra tio n .

Notable Achievements CEPT and th e CBE team have prepared a de ta iled design and sp e cifica tion fo r a T herm al C om fort C ham ber

The C om fort S tudies

team s a t UC B erkeley a n d

(TCC).

TCC is a specially designed ch a m b e r m e a su rin g 5 m x 4 m

CEPT have jo in tly fin a liz e d th e survey q u e stio n n a ire

x 3 m, re p re se ntin g a typical o ffice space. (See F ig u re 1 9 ).

a n d w ill begin p ro g ra m m in g so th a t it is re ady fo r

The cha m b e r can precisely sim u la te a w ide range o f indoor

im p le m e n ta tio n .

en viro nm en tal co n d ition s w ith te m p e ra tu re s ranging from 1 5 ° C to 3 5 ° C a n d

19


4.0: Supplem ental Applications A ctivitie s o f th is ta s k a re to (1) Explore th e g rid responsiveness a n d re n e w a b le in te g ra tio n fo r c o m m e rc ia l b uildings, (2) C oordinate R&D e xp e rtise a n d in d u s try fo r b u ild in g in te g ra te d p h o to vo lta ic (BIPV) te ch n o lo g y d e ve lo p m e n t a nd its a p p lica tio n in roof, wall, a n d w in d o w -m o u n te d versions. A n o th e r objective is to p re p a re fin a l s p e c ific a tio n s fo r p u b lic d isse m in a tio n , p re p a ra tio n o f g u id e lin e s a n d re n e w a b le e n e rg y (RE) p ro d u c ts th a t are re a d y fo r deploym ent. (3) C onduct a trip le b o tto m lin e co s t analysis o f b u ild in g en e rg y e ffic ie n c y system s a n d technologies.

Background This w ork ta s k is divided into th re e su btasks: (1) Grid-

id e n tific a tio n o f th e key sectors fo r in te rve n tio n to b olster grid

Responsive Buildings, (2) R enewable Integration, and (3)

responsiveness. These a ctivitie s w ill help develop integrated

C ost O ptim ization o f Energy Efficiency. The grid-responsive

b u ild in g te ch n o lo g ie s fo r both energy e fficie n cy and needs of

and connected b u ild in g a p p lica tio n is th e key to lin k energy

th e

S m a rt Grid.The

te a m

has

conducted

an

extensive

efficie n cy and daily operations, such as d em and response

lite ra tu re review o f S m a rt Grid in itia tiv e s /p ro je c ts in India

(DR),

and

to

achieve

e le c tric ity

re lia b ility

and

ope ra tio n a l

efficie n cie s throu gh CBERD b u ild in g technologies.

in ternationally,

d em and

response

a u to m a tio n

Team members

grid-responsive

and

(AutoDR),

control

buildings,

autom ate d

and

various

b uilding

te ch n o lo g ie s

system s

. A load

survey of various in s titu tio n a l buildings, m alls, com m ercial buildings, hospital buildings, hotel buildings, and others has been

LBNL

Girish G h a tika r

IIM-A

Dr. Am it Garg

IIT-B

Dr. M ilind Rane

com pleted.

A

grid-

responsive

b u ild in g

(GRB)

im p le m e n ta tio n d ra ft proposal has been prepared.

4.2 Renewable Integration B IP V /building-applied

PV

(BAPV)

te ch n o lo g y

has

been

sh o rt-liste d by th e U.S. and Indian in s titu tio n a l partn e rs as Dr. Jyotirm ay M athur, L a lit K. MNIT-J

Joshi, K am lesh Jagratwal, S u m it Sharm a, D h arm endra Kumar, S anjay K um aw at

CEPT

th e m ain focus area fo r renew able in te g ra tio n in buildings to increase th e energy yield. To leverage th e o p p o rtu n ity of using BIPV products in th e u p co m in g new fa c ility o f indu stria l p a rtn e r REIL a t Jaipur (scheduled by 2 0 1 4 ), th e design of

Rajan Rawal, Agam Shah, Sanyogita

various early-stage BIPV prototypes has been undertaken.

M anu

T h e ir pe rfo rm a n ce m o n ito rin g w ould be done by MNIT-J. S om e o f th e prototype designs are shown in Figure 2 0

CMU

Vivian Loftness, Rohini

below.

Progress so far For c o n ce p t va lid a tio n , and to te s t th e

4.1 Grid-Responsive Buildings This activity has produced a fra m e w o rk to integrate b u ild in g techn olo gie s to th e S m a rt Grid thro u g h collaborative know ledge and in d u stry p a rtn e rsh ip s, in clu d in g

pe rform a nce

of

BIPV/BAPV system s, an in-house design o f a “fle x ila b ” has been developed (Figure 21). The te s t fa c ility w ould enable researchers to fo r e c a s t th e energy yield o f co nfig u ra tio n s at

d iffe re n t

o rie n ta tio n s /d ire c tio n s ,

and

th e

e ffe c t

on

in d o or d a ylighting

fixed Overhang

Figure 20: A BIPV prototype developed and being monitored November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014

20

1'- 0 "

I

----- 3'-8'-----''-----3'-8"-----

3'-8"

----- ' I

I------------------------------------12------------------------------------

1

—

~\

NORTHERN ELEVATION (8 NOS. OF 1200 X 550 MM PV PANEL) SOUTHERN ELEVATION (8 NOS. OF 1200 X 550 MM PV PANEL)

Figure 21: ‘Flexilab’ in-house faciiity for testing BiPV/BAPV system and altered

h e a tin g /c o o lin g

needs due to

use o f BIPV

products. A dditionally, the perform ance evaluation of existin g RE system s has been conducted a t ten locations.

Notable Achievements 1.

D esigns have been evolved fo r Innovative BIPV

4.3 Cost Optimization

p ro d u c ts like overhangs (flexible & fixe d types)

The United N a tio n's ICLEI Triple Bottom Line standard, th e

an d d o u b le skin.

d o m in a n t public-se cto r fu ll-c o s t a cco u n tin g tool, has been

2.

id e n tified as th e fra m e w o rk o f choice to re fle c t th e ben e fits

u tilisa tio n

o f investing in e n ergy-efficie n t te ch n o lo g ie s in India and th e United

S tates.

C ost-effectiveness

will

be

m easured

ca lcu la tio n s

th a t

re fle c t

econom ic,

e nvironm ental,

and

in

b u ild in g s

has

fo r

e n h a n ce d RE

been

d one

in

co n fe re n ce s a n d se m in a rs in India.

in

sim ple payback and n e t p re se n t values, in th re e successive

D isse m in a tio n o f kn o w ledge

3.

CBERD-MNITJ have a sso cia te d w ith REIL a t the b u ild in g design stage fo r d e ve lop in g th e fa c ility as

hum an benefits. n e t z e ro /n e a r n e t zero th ro u g h im proved design Em issions data fo r CO , SO , and NO from coal-fired plants 2

a n d e n h a n c e d use o f in novative BIPV p ro d u cts to

2

in India have been collected. In Year 2 of th is project,

show case RE o p p o rtu n itie s in b uildings.

c o lla boration w ith oth e r pro je cts a t LBNL should provide e nvironm e ntal d ata on

p a rtic u la te

em issions

and

w ater

use from coal power plants.

C onventional and advanced o ffice a ttrib u te s fo r five clim ates in India have been id e n tified , and th e b u ild in g sto ck has been classified as H istoric (Colonial era); Indigenous C lim ateResponsive; Rapid Low-Cost, and M odern High-Technology buildings.

The nature o f c lo th in g in Indian clim a te s has been assessed in co lla boratio n w ith Task 3.3. T h a t a sse ssm e n t may change c o n d itio n in g prioritie s

in o ffice s in d iffe re n t clim a te s of

India, including: th e te m p e ra tu re s a t w hich c o o lin g m ig h t be needed; th e v ia b ility o f na tu ra l ve n tila tio n and fan cooling; and th e a b ility to e lim ina te heating.

To create a repository o f passive design te ch n iq u e s th a t can be prom oted in th e U.S. and India, passive design strategies beneficial to achieving energy e fficie n cy and th e rm a l c o m fo rt in Indian bu ild ing s have been id e n tified .

21


5.0: Scientific Collaboration

The objective fo r th is ta s k is to c o n d u c t s c ie n tific c o lla b o ra tio n fo r d e ve lop m e n t o f R&D e d u ca tio n a n d a d va nce m ent. CBERD’s p la n s in c lu d e co n sid e ra tio n a n d analysis o f such c o lla b o ra tio n , w hich is c u rre n tly la c k in g a n d is a key b a rrie r to th e a d va n ce m e n t o f b u ild in g energy e fficiency.

period

Background

of

fo u r

w eeks

to

w ork

jo in tly

on

the

W indows and Daylighting,

S cie n tific co llab oratio n fo cu se s on a d v a n c e m e n t o f R&D education and cre a tin g pathw ays to w a rd s d e p lo ym e n t o f the R&D com ing o u t o f CBERD.

S c ie n tific c o lla b o ra tio n

C o m fo rt

is

subtasks.

unde rsto od as a key b a rrie r to th e a d v a n c e m e n t o f buildings

cham ber,

a ctivity is d is tin c t from w orkforce d e ve lo p m e n t or capacity

m ethods

researcher from

und ersta nd th e skills needed a t various levels, and th e

2013

e n ga gem e nt o f our a ca d e m ic p a rtn e rs (e.g., UCB, CMU,

was

Design tra in e d

R&D in

the

to

w ork

of

data

and

data

MNIT

visited

jo in tly

on

collection,

analysis.

A nother

ORNL

O ctober

th e

in

Advanced

HVAC

subtask.

CEPT, IIM-A) and d e p lo ym e n t partner, N exant will help us any

Passive

researcher

in stru m e n ta tio n ,

bu ild in g th a t are both d e p loym e n t specific. CBERD p a rtn e rs

in clu d in g

The

and

design and o p eration o f a co n tro lle d e n viro n m e n t

energy efficiency, ed ucate b u ild in g energy s ta k e h o ld e rs This

develop tra in in g and curricula,

S tudies,

necessary A ca le n d a r o f c o n fe re n ce s/w o rksh o p s th a t can be

s tu d e n t and R&D s ta ff exchange, w hile ke eping in m ind

leveraged

in te lle ctu a l property issues and g o ve rn m e n t policies.

has

been

developed

to

dissem inate

research fin d in g s o f various te ch n ica l tasks.

Team members

LBNL

R eshm a Singh

CEPT

Rajan Rawal

Indian te am

W hite

papers, jo u rn a l

been

prepared

or

papers,

and

s u b m itte d

fo r

re ports th e

have

various

te ch n ica l tasks, such as S im u la tio n and M odeling, M o n ito rin g

and

B enchm arking,

Cool

Roofs,

and

Advanced HVAC.

M ilind Rane (IIT-B), Jyotirm ay

N o ta b le A c h ie v e m e n ts

M a th u r (MNIT-J), Vishal Garg (MIT_H), A m it Garg (IIM-A). M ona

•

L a u nched P roject Pier, a p ro je c t co lla b o ra tio n

D octor (CSR) tool US te am

Gail Brager, Francesco Borelli (UCB), Vivian Loftness (CMU), Naren N arendran (RPI)

•

Released 1 3 jo in t p u b lic a tio n s a n d p a p ers

•

C onducted six pro d u ctive re s e a rc h e r exchanges

•

H eld tw o w ell-received w orkshops in India on so lid -sta te lig h tin g

Progress so far An internal co llabora tio n tool, th e “P roject P ier” has been constructed. This w ill enable p a rtic ip a n ts to share CBERD m a n a g e m e n t and R&D docum ents, and it w ill be a repository o f ongoing reports, deliverables, and publications.

A to ta l o f six research exchanges have occurred. Researchers from th e Indian in s titu tio n s MNIT-J and IIIT-H have visited the U.S. and tra in e d w ith LBNL and ORNL experts on hygrotherm al lab oratory equipm ent, s im u la tio n /m o d e lin g , and cool-roof e q u ip m e n t te s tin g protocols.

A CEPT researcher visited


UCB and

LBNL fo r a

22

th e Advanced HVAC system s R&D te a m

Key Outcomes

included the

c reation of a new m ethodology fo r c h ille r perform ance

The firs t year-and-a-half o f CBERD a ctivity has strongly

e valuation.

em phasized th e creation o f a v ib ra n t co n so rtiu m o f 11 R&D

S tu d ie s R&D te a m included new m ethods fo r assessing

partners,

Indian c lo th in g (clo) values fo r adaptive th e rm a l com fort.

over 3 0

in d u stry partners,

and

o rganizational

The

research

o utcom e

of

th e

C om fort

partn e rs in both countries. CBERD is g a in in g m o m e n tu m in jo in t research

and

co lla b o ra tio n ,

and

is s e ttin g o u t

tow ards achieving its te ch n ica l goals. CBERD h a s placed

a

s u b sta n tia l

colla borative throu gh

focus

on

in itia tin g

re la tio n s h ip

w ith

sessions,

o n going

w ork

d e ve lop m e n t

of

m anagem ent

plan

an

fo r

m anagem ent

plan).

In

its

in d u stry

com m on

in te lle ctu a l

p a rtn e rs

to

th e

and

technology

p ro p e rty

(an

m a jo r

C. T ec h n o lo g y D e v e lo p m e n t:

also

productive

c o m m u n ica tio n s,

over-arching

a d d ition

a

IP

th ru s t

The

C ontrols

and

C o m m u n ica tio n

R&D

team

developed a new, s m a rt, w ireless lu m in a ire co n tro lle r w ith

te m p e ra tu re ,

occupancy

illu m in a n ce ,

sensors,

Also

e le ctrica l

developed

power,

and

was a low -cost

energy m eter th a t logs energy d ata fo r th e connected device,

p ro d u cin g

a lg o rith m s

to

id e n tify load types

dedicated to m anag ing and co o rd in a tin g a p ro je ct of th is

plugged into an o u tle t based on device-level m etering.

m agnitude, researchers in both c o u n trie s have co llaborated

There is o n g oing technology d e ve lo p m e n t in th e area

to co n d u ct jo in t R&D, w ith first-ye a r co n trib u tio n s tow ards

o f advanced HVAC system s th a t includes a new micro-

te chnical

R&D

outcom es,

research

exchanges

and

w orkshops, and publicatio n s, as d e ta iled below.

channel

h e a t exchanger fo r use

in a u n ita ry HVAC

system , w hich is b e ing developed in co o rd ina tion w ith a cost-share partner. The U.S. te a m provided technical assistance to th e Indian te a m on th e d e velopm ent of

Technical R&D Outcomes

e q u ip m e n t and in s tru m e n ts fo r th e purpose o f b uilding te s t beds a t Indian te a m in s titu tio n s . This included:

The R&D outcom es fo r each ta s k /s u b ta s k are categorized

(1) a n g u la r tu b e s s p e c tro m e te r accessory prototypes

by co n trib u tio n s in energy analysis and tools, m ethodologies

fo r accurate w in d o w s /d a y lig h tin g m e asurem ents,

and m odels, and tech no lo g y developm ent.

(2)

guarded hot-box and hygrotherm al fa cilitie s,

and (3) a fa u lt dete ctio n and dia g no stics lab.

A. Energy Analysis and Tools The S im u la tio n and M o d e lin g R&D te a m developed a s e m i a utom ated

tool

fo r

M odel

Predictive

C ontrol

based

on

EnergyPlus fo r low-energy co oling system s (e.g., ra d ia n t and n ig h tflu s h -n a tu ra l ven tila tion ), w hich w ill be fie ld -te ste d in th e cost-share p a rtn e r fa cilitie s . The Envelope / Passive Design R&D te a m ’s outcom es included an early stage, web-based, w indow s and fagade op tim iza tio n tool; W inO pt developm ent; jo in t de ve lop m e n t of new COMFEN-lndia; and a cool roof ca lcu la tor updated to o p tim ize use of ra d ia n t barriers, bulk insulation, and reflective ro o fin g to save energy and money.

B. Methodologies and Models The M o n ito rin g

and

B e n ch m a rkin g

R&D

team

developed a roadm ap fo r a d va n cin g s ta te -o f-th e -a rt b u ild in g

energy

included

th e

b e n ch m a rkin g

b e n c h m a rk in g

in

India.

This

d e ve lo p m e n t o f a b u ild in g energy data

collection

te m p la te

th a t

is

un d e r review by th e Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

for

the

purposes

of

deployment.

b e n ch m a rkin g m odel fo r hotels and

A

new

h ospitals in

India was developed th a t w ould also inform th e U.S. b e n ch m a rkin g models. This te a m also developed a d ata centre EIS guide, w hich is a m ethodology fo r se le ctin g

and

in sta llin g

an

app ro p ria te

energy

in fo rm a tio n system in data centres. An o utcom e of

23


Research Exchanges and Workshops In

by

unde rsta n d th e e q u ip m e n t and te s tin g protocols used by

repre sentatives from five o f th e six Indian R&D in s titu tio n s

February

2013,

LBNL

hosted

a

tw o-day

v is it

LBNL fo r cool roofs; and th e other, fo r fa u lt detection and

(CEPT, IIT-B, IIIT-H, MNIT-J, and GSR). They reviewed th e

diagnosis in sim u la tio n tools.

scope and respective w ork products and also fa m ilia rize d

•

the m selves w ith researchers from both countries.

A researcher from CEPT was sta tio n e d fo r fo u r weeks a t UCB and

LBNL to w ork on W indow s/D aylighting,

Therm al C om fort, and Passive Design R&D subtasks. The RPI provided tw o 2-day interactive

researcher was tra in e d in th e design and o peration o f a

w orkshops in India, focused on solid-state lighting, fo r lig h tin g

In S e ptem b er 2 0 1 3 ,

co n tro lle d e n v iro n m e n t cham ber, as well as in m ethods

professionals and stakeholders. The w orkshops were co

of data collection, in stru m e n ta tio n , and data analysis. A

sponsored by th e Indian S ociety of Lig h ting Engineers (ISLE)

researcher from MNIT visited ORNL to w ork on Advanced HVAC subtask.

and CBERD U.S. DOE. The w orkshops increased a tte n d e e s ’ know ledge

and

aw areness o f e n e rg y-efficie n t solid-state

lig h tin g technologies, a p p lica tio n ,

and design strategies.

•

A researcher from MNIT visited ORNL to w ork on the Advanced HVAC subtask.

They also allowed in fo rm a tio n exchange on th e la te s t LED developm ents; LED p ro d u c t c h a ra c te ris tic and pe rfo rm a n ce needs fo r successful in d o or and o u td o o r lig h tin g a p p lica tio n s in com m ercial buildings in India; and LED lig h tin g standards and recom m ended practices in th e U.S. and India.

In

order to

be tte r

collab oration , engage

th e

PACE-D

fa c ilita te U.S.

PACE-R

and

p a rtn e r

Indian

Nexant,

and

CMOs

and

PACE-D

c on tin u e

have

to

conducted

m eetings and w ork sessions to id e n tify d e p loym e n t pathways to

d issem in ate

CBERD

research

thro u g h

PACE-D

in fra stru ctu re .

CBERD in d u stry

p a rtn e r S ch n e id e r

E lectric co llaborated

w ith th e Indian and U.S. research and d e ve lo p m e n t team in d e velopm en t a n d Relative

to

C urre n t

preparation S tate

of

o f “Gap Analysis

th e

A rt

in

Indian

B e n ch m a rkin g ” .

U.S. experts from LBNL and ORNL visited India to provide te ch nica l guidance to th e India te a m fo r d e ve lo p m e n t of physical in fra stru ctu re fo r th e rm o p h ysica l and hygrotherm al te s tin g fa cilitie s. They also conducted w ork sessions on m o n ito rin g /b e n c h m a rk in g

w ith

CEPT

University.

charette was held in New Delhi betw een th e

An

EIS

R&D and

in d u stry pa rtn e rs to leverage U.S. p a rtn e r expertise in energy in fo rm a tio n system s.

Gail B rager o f CBE visited a ctivitie s

on

th e rm a l

CEPT U niversity to

c o m fo rt

research,

w h ils t

advance Rohini

Srivastava, of CMU, visited CEPT U niversity to advance w ork on cost-optim isation.

There have also been m u ltip le visits by Indian te a m m em bers to th e U.S. institu tio n s, as described below: •

Indian in d u stry p a rtn e r Skyshade visited RPI-LRC to get tra in in g on hygrotherm al la b o ra to ry equipm ent.

•

Two IIIT-Hyderabad s ta ff m em bers visited LBNL; one to


24

Publications R&D Work Task 2.0 1.

Garg, Vishal, K s h itij C handrasen, Jyo tirm a y M a th ur,

10.

S urekha Tetali, an d A kshey Jawa. "D evelopm ent and P e rform ance E valuation o f a M ethodology, Based on

In d ia ." 2 0 1 4 .

D istrib u te d C om puting, fo r S p e e d in g EnergyPlus

11. “O p tim izin g

S im u la tio n ." B u ild in g S im u la tio n . 2.

B runsw ick, S am uel, P hilip Haves, a n d Kevin S ettlem yre. "Sim ergy In te rfa ce s fo r Low Energy S ystem D esign." US -

India

C entre

fo r

B u ild in g

Energy

Research

and

D evelopm ent. A p ril 14, 2 0 1 3 . h ttp ://c b e r d .o r g /. 3.

M ath ew , Paul, R eshm a Singh, S a ke t S arraf, S h ilp i A nand,

Yash

S hukla,

and

E nergy B e n ch m a rk in g in

S atish

K um ar.

In d ia : An

"B uilding

Plan A ctio n

fo r

A d va n cin g th e S tate-of-the-A rt." 2 0 1 4 . 4.

S ingh, R eshm a, Rod M ahdavi, P aul M athew , Jessica G randerson, an d Yash S hukla. "G uidelines fo r D ata

Cheung,

Iris,

S teven

Lanzisera,

and

Vishal

Garg.

"Evaluation o f th e M a rk e t a n d P roducts E n a b lin g Energy E fficiency Lighting, Plug-loads, a n d HVAC in B u ild in g s." 2014. 6.

Chuang,

F.

"P erform ance

G uarantees

fo r

C ertainty

E quivalence C ontrol w ith U ncertain L in e a r D yn a m ica l S ystem s. A p p lica tio n to Low Energy HVAC S ystem s." 7.

Haves, Philip, Sam B runsw ick, Kevin S e ttle m yre , and Z orana

Bosnic.

"W orkflow

fo r

th e

Use

of

Energy

M o d e lin g in Low Energy D esign." 2 0 1 3 .

In su la tio n

fo r

Roofs

w ith

High

12. "C oating an d R a d ia n t B a rrie rs in In d ia " 13.

Rane,

M ilin d

V.,

S hreyas

Chavan.

“DOAS

with

E vaporative P re co o lin g o f E xhaust A ir U sing R o ta tin g C o n ta ctin g

D evice."

In te rn a tio n a l

P aper

C onference

p re s e n te d on

Energy

at

th e

and

First In d o o r

E n viro n m e n t fo r H ot C lim ates, Doha, Qatar, February 2 4 -2 6 , 2 0 1 4 . 13. Rane, M ilin d V., Shreyas Chavan. “ In d ire c t E vaporative P recooling o f Fresh A ir u sin g H eat Exchangers with

In te rn a tio n a l

C onference

on

Energy

and

In d o o r

E n viro n m e n t fo r H ot C lim ates, Doha, Qatar, February 2 4 -2 6 , 2 0 1 4 . 14. Rane, M ilin d V., Shreyas Chavan. M u lti U tility E vaporative C ooler w ith D ia b a tic C o n ta ctin g Device. ” P aper pre s e n te d a t th e First In te rn a tio n a l C onference on Energy a n d In d o o r E n viro n m e n t fo r H ot C lim ates, Doha, Qatar, F ebruary 2 4 -2 6 , 2 0 1 4 . 15. M a th u r, J., Vaibhav Rai Khare, Yasin Khan, M a h a b ir B h andari. “ R a d ia n t c o o lin g syste m : A case s tu d y o f a sse ssm e n t o f energy savings in an o ffice b u ild in g. “ P aper pre s e n te d a t th e 3 rd N a tio n a l C onference on

R&D Work Task 3.0 8.

Roof

A lb e d o "

E nhanced Flow Passage." P aper p re s e n te d a t th e First

C enter Energy In fo rm a tio n S ystem s." 2 0 1 3 . 5.

Tetali, S. e t al. “ E ffect o f R o o f In su la tio n on Energy C onsum ption in O ffice B u ild in g s w ith Cool Roofs in

D esjarlais, A ndre, K a u s h ik Biswas, R ajan Rawal, and Yash S hukla. "Use o f E xte rio r In su la tio n S ystem s to

R e frig e ra tio n a n d A ir C onditioning., M adras, Chennai, D e ce m b e r 1 2 -1 4 , 2 1 0 3 .

R educe B u ild in g Energy D e m a n d ." 2 0 1 3 . 9.

S lack, Jo natha n, D. C harlie Curcija, a n d Jacob Johnsson. "A ngular Tubes S p e c tro m e te r A ccessory." 2013.

R&D Work Task 4.0 16. Basu, C handrayee, Girish

G hatikar, P ra te e k Bansal.

“E n a b lin g E fficie n t, R esponsive, a n d R e silie n t B u ild ings: A C ollaboration B etw een th e U nited S tates a n d In d ia ." P aper p re s e n te d a t th e IEEE G reat Lakes S ym posium on S m a rt Grid a n d th e N ew Energy Econom y, Chicago, Illin o is,S e p te m b e r,2 3 -2 5 ,2 0 1 3


Key Next Steps Task 2.0: Building Information Technology a. Develop

T-24

rule

sets

Supplemental Applications

fo r th e

Sim ergy

•

im p le m e n ta tio n o f th e CEC SDK, 9 0 .1 . rule sets fo r

provided in M&D: 1 April 2 0 1 5 thro u g h 3 0 S ep tem b er

CEO SDK and alpha version of th e EnergyPlus GUI w ith code com p lia n ce fe a tu re s and s u p p o rt fo r low

2015. •

D eterm ine th e e ffe c t of cool roof and in sulation. W ork

•

C haracterize 6 3 sam ples from Asa hi India Glass Lim ited

energy design using hybrid v e n tila tio n b.

will resum e as p e rth e sch e d u le provided in M & D (2015).

P ilot EIS selection and sp e cifica tio n guide fo r data centres and extend to o th e r co m m ercial buildings

and 1 3 0 sam ples from S aint-G obain Glass India fo r th e ir

fo r use in US and Indian data centers.

Develop

optical properties.

advanced

hospital

a lg o rith m s

fo r

hotel and

•

benchm arking. c.

M inim ize roof glare. W ork w ill s ta rt as per th e schedule

Deploy

a

sta b le

version

US, co n d u ct p re lim in a ry

of

th e

b u ild in g

m o n ito rin g

analysis

re p o rt

of

th e

perform ance

inte g ra tio n

of

buildings.

data •

th e

data

e xp e rim e n t

to

from be

th e

plug

conducted

load in

BIPV products. •

Produce a design d o c u m e n t o f evolved BIPV products for d isse m in a tio n and a d a p ta tio n by industry.

HIT •

Hyderabad.

Fabricate c o n ce p t va lid a tio n BIPV te s t lab a t MNIT-J and co n d u c t a p e rfo rm a n ce a sse ssm e n t of evolved innovative

EnLighted

and Honeywell b u ild in g system s w ith th is p latform analyze

an

a sse ssm e n t o f th e a p p lica tio n o f BIPV/BAPV products in

exchange and co n tro ls p la tfo rm in both India and th e

and

Produce

Produce a jo in t te ch n ica l re p o rt title d “S coping study to lin k b u ild in g te ch n o lo g ie s to S m a rt Grid needs and in te g ra tio n of b u ild in g control system s to supply-side ”

Task 3.0: Building Physical Systems d.

Begin natura l exposure o f Indian ro o fin g products

•

tech n o lo g ie s to “S m a rt Grid needs and inte gra tion of

sh o rtly to provide th re e years o f na tu ra l exposure

b u ild in g control system s to su p p ly-sid e ”

w ith in th e CBERD tim e fra m e . The in itia l and aged values of so la r re fle cta n ce and th e rm a l e m itta n ce

•

e.

•

in d u stry as well. G ather cost, pe rfo rm a n ce sp ecification ,

sold in India and s u b m it th e m fo r inclusion in th e

and b e n e fit in fo rm a tio n from th o se industries.

In te rn a tio n a l G lazing D atabase (IGDB) and extension

f.

•

Provide advice on th e re fin e m e n t o f te s t bed design

Refine th e

ch a ra cte rizatio n

s im u la te d or m easured energy savings (firs t bottom line).

o f a range o f m ixed

•

five regions (second bottom line).

e q u ip m e n t and w e a th e r stations. Finalize

review o f sim u la tio n

crite ria fo r n a tu ra lly

•

In itia te research on hum an b e n e fits th a t m ig h t be gained thro u g h th e se energy conservation m easures (future

ven tilate d buildings. i.

In itia te se co n d-bottom -line ca lcu la tio n s w ith GHG and w ater costs fo r th e co rre sp o n d in g energy sources in the

m ode b u ild in g types in India and procure m o n ito rin g

h.

In itia te a co s t-b e n e fit analysis, inclusive o f technology firs t costs, known o p e ra tio n and m a in te n a n ce costs, and

and gu idance on th e fa b ric a tio n of a n g u la r tubes. g.

Illu stra te th e range of te ch n o lo g ie s th a t are or can be available in th e Indian context, w ith value to th e U.S

C ontinue fu rth e r ch a ra cte rizatio n of glass products

o f COMFEN fe a tu re s th a t b e n e fit In d ia ’s team .

Technologies and sta n d a rd s to integrate b u ild in g energy efficie n cy fo r grid-responsiveness.

w ill be used to ca librate a la b o ra to ry m ethod of accelerated aging su ita b le fo r Indian clim ates.

Technical jo in t re p o rt title d “S c o p in g s tu d y to lin k b uilding

Develop new layouts and

design

th ird bottom line). A user sa tis fa c tio n survey in existing

nom ographs fo r

Indian buildings w ith v a ria tio n s in s h a d e /d a y lig h t and

Earth Air Tunnels, w hich w ould be a p p lica b le to U.S.

ele ctric lig h t responses may provide insights into the

buildings as well.

hum an b e n e fits o f th e se technologies. j. Revise th e online survey form fo r th e Indian context. k.

Task 5.0: Scientific Collaboration

S e le ct b uildings fo r th e d e p loym e n t o f th e online survey.

•

Develop

•

C ontinue to expand researcher and gra d u ate s tu d e n t

•

C ontinue to w rite and publish w hite papers, p re se ntation s

I. C on duct in itia l d e p loym e n t o f th e online c o m fo rt survey in p ilo t buildings, to te s t new m ethods. m.

C ontinue

on going

design

and

c o n stru ctio n

n.

C o nduct d e m o n stra tio n and tra in in g of th e N ational

co lla b o ra tio n

w ith

outcom es

d e p loym e n t p a rtn e r Nexant.

of

Therm al C o m fo rt C ham ber a t CEPT.

stro n g e r

exchanges.

and jo in t publications.

E nvironm ental A sse ssm e n t T oolkit (NEAT) physical in s tru m e n ta tio n from CMU.


References " Energy E fficiency Im provem ents in C om m ercial Buildings: A P rogram m atic Fram ew ork fo r EE in India." United N ations D e ve lo p m e n t P rogram m e. Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .u n d p .o rg /c o n te n t/d a m /in d ia /d o c s /e n e rg y e fficie n cy im p ro ve m e n ts in co m m ercial build ings p ro je ct d o c u m e n t.p d f. "R eport on 1 7 th E lectric Power Survey of India." C entral E lectricity Authority, M in is try o f Power, G overnm en T of India. Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://p o w e rm in .g o v .in /g e n e ra tio n /p d f/1 7 th EPS.pdf. “W orld Energy O utlook 2 0 1 1 ." In te rn a tio n a l Energy Agency. Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .ie a .o rg /p u b lic a tio n s /fre e p u b lic a tio n s /p u b lic a tio n /w e o 2 0 1 1 web, p d f. Rao, N arasim ha, G irish S ant, S u d h ir Chella Rajan, Ashwin G am bhir, and Gayatri Gadag. "An Overview of Indian Energy Trends: Low Carbon G rowth and D e ve lo p m e n t C hallenges." C lim atew orks. Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .c lim a te w o rk s .o rg /im o /m e d ia /d o c /p ra y a s -2 0 0 9 .p d f. Coffey, Brian, Sam Borgeson, S tephen S elkow itz, Joshua Apte, Paul M athew , and Philip Haves. "Towards a Very Low-energy B u ild in g Stock: M o d e lin g th e US C om m ercial B u ild in g S ector to S u p p o rt Policy and Innovation P lanning." B u ild in g R esearch & In fo rm a tio n 6 1 0 , no. 24. "Annual Energy O u tlo o k 2 0 1 2 . W ith P rojections up to 2 0 3 5 ." U.S. Energy In fo rm a tio n A d m in istra tio n . 2 0 1 2 . Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .e ia .g o v /fo re c a s ts /a e o /p d f/0 3 8 3 (2 0 1 2 ).p d f. "Annual Energy O u tlo o k 2 0 1 2 , Data Table A5: C om m ercial S e cto r Key In d ica to rs and C onsum ption." U.S. Energy In fo rm a tio n A d m in istra tio n . 2 0 1 2 . Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .e ia .g o v /fo re c a s ts /a e o /p d f/tb la 5 .p d f. S arraf, S aket, SS Anand, and S u d h ir Chella G upta. "ECO III R eport 1 0 4 2 - B e n ch m a rkin g Energy C onsum ption in Buildings: P relim inary Data Analysis." USAID India Energy C onservation and C o m m ercialization. 2 0 1 1 . Accessed N ovem ber 20, 2 0 1 3 . h ttp ://e c o 3 .o rg /w p co n te n t/p lu g in s /d o w n lo a d s -m a n a g e r/u p lo a d /D a ta Analvsis-R eport No. 1 0 4 2 .p d f. "B u ild in g Technologies Program M ulti-Y ear W ork Plan 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 ." U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy Energy E fficiency and R enewable Energy. 2 0 1 1 . Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://a p p s l.e e re .e n e rg v .g o v /b u ild in g s /p u b lic a tio n s /p d fs /c o rp o ra te /m y p ll.p d f.


US - India Joint Centre for Building Energy Research and Development For m ore in fo rm a tio n c o n ta c t Rajan Rawal: rajanraw al@ gm ail.com (India) Rish G hatikar: gghatikar@ lbl.gov (U.S.) Reshma Singh: reshm asingh@ lbl.gov (U.S.)

Website: http://cberd.org


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