L B N L-X X X X X
E r n e s t O r l a n d o La w r e n c e B e r k e l e y N a t io n a l La b o r a t o r y
Collaborative research to promote energy efficiency innovation towards significant reduction in buildings energy use in the United States and India Rajan Rawal, Keyur Vadodaria, Mona Galsar, CEPT University, Girish Ghatikar, Reshma Singh, Diane Douglas, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory March 2014
Environmental Energy Tecnologies Division
CBERD The U.S. -In d ia Jo in t C entre fo r B u ild in g Energy Research and D evelopm ent (CBERD) was developed to fa c ilita te jo in t research and d e ve lop m e n t on clean energy to im prove energy access and prom ote low-carbon growth.
This re p o rt su m m a rize s CBERD’s jo in t research and d e ve lo p m e n t a ctivitie s fo r Year 1 and fo r th e firs t h a lf o f Year 2, covering th e tim e fra m e from N ovem ber 2 0 1 2 to M arch 20 1 4 .
P ublished by th e C onsortia Laboratory, April 2 0 1 4
M a n a g e m e n t Office,
CEPT U niversity and
Lawrence
B erkeley N ational
Acknow ledgem ents The U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy (DOE) and th e D e p a rtm e n t of S cience and T echnology (DST), G o ve rnm en t of India (GOI) provided jo in t fu n d in g fo r w o rk u n der th e U .S .-In d ia P artnership to Advance Clean Energy Research (PACER) p ro g ra m ’s “U .S .-In d ia Jo in t C enter fo r B u ild in g Energy Research and D e ve lo p m e n t” (CBERD) project. The A ssista n t S ecretary fo r Energy E fficiency and R enewable Energy, O ffice of B u ild in g T echnology o f th e U.S. DOE und e r C o n tra ct No. DE-AC02-05CH1 1 2 3 1 su p p o rts th e U.S. CBERD activity. The DST, GOI, a d m in is te re d by IndoU.S. S cience and T echnology Forum, su p p o rts th e Indian CBERD activity.
Disclaim er This d o c u m e n t was prepared as an a c c o u n t o f w o rk sponsored by th e United S tates G overnm ent. W hile th is d o c u m e n t is believed to contain c o rre c t in fo rm a tio n, n e ith e r th e United S tates G o vernm ent nor any agency th e re o f, nor The Regents of th e U niversity of C alifornia, nor any o f th e ir em ployees, m akes any warranty, express or im plied, or assum es any legal re sp o n sib ility fo r th e accuracy, com pleteness, or u sefulness o f any inform atio n, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or re p re se nts th a t its use w ould n o t infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any sp e c ific com m ercial product, process, or service by its tra d e name, tra d e m a rk,
m anufacturer,
or
otherw ise,
does
not
necessarily
c o n stitu te
or
im ply
its
endorsem ent,
reco m m e n d a tio n , or fa vo rin g by th e United S tates G o vernm ent or any agency the re o f, or The Regents o f th e U niversity of C alifornia. The views and op in io n s of a u th o rs expressed herein do n o t necessarily state or re fle ct th o se o f th e United S tates G o vernm ent or any agency th e re o f or The Regents o f th e U niversity o f C alifornia.
CBERD is an U.S.-India Jo in t fu n d e d research pro je ct involving a p a rtn e rs h ip o f eleven le a d in g R&D in s titu tio n s and tw e nty-fo u r in d u stry /c o s t-s h a re p a rtn e rs in India and th e U.S. CBERD. The co n so rtia is jo in tly led by CEPT University, A hm edabad, India, and Lawrence Berkeley N ational Laboratory, Berkeley, C alifornia, USA.
US-lndia Joint Centre for Building Energy Research and Development (CBERD) Collaborative research to promote energy efficiency novation towards significant reduction in buildings energy use in the United States and India
November 2012 - March 2014 http://cberd.org
CBERD R&D Partners (India)
1 0 . S ch n e id e r E lectric India Pvt. Ltd. 1 1 . SINTEX Industries
1.
CEPT University, A hm edabad (Lead)
2.
Auroville Centre fo r S c ie n tific Research
3.
The In te rn a tio n a l In s titu te o f In fo rm a tio n Technology H yderabad
1 2 . S kyshade
Industry/cost-share partners (U.S.)
4.
Indian In stitu te o f M a n a g e m e n t Ahm edabad
1 .Autodesk, Inc.
5.
Indian In stitu te o f Technology Bom bay
2 .C alifornia Energy C om m ission
6.
M alaviya N ational In stitu te o f Technology Jaipur
3 . Delphi 4 .e n lig h te d Inc.
CBERD R&D Partners (U.S.)
5. Honeywell 6. L ighting Science Group
1.
Law rence Berkeley N ational Laboratory (Lead)
2.
Carnegie M ellon U niversity
3.
U niversity of C alifornia Berkeley
4.
Oak Ridge N ational Laboratory
5.
R ensselaer Polytechnic In stitu te
T .N exant 8 .S a in t Gobain Corp 9.S ynapsense 10. Indian S ociety o f L ighting E ngineers (co lla b o ra tin g w ith U.S. company, L ighting Science)
Organizational Partners (India) 1 .G lazing Society o f India
Industry/cost-share partners (India)
2. Indian Green B u ild in g Center, C onfederation of Indian In d u strie s
1.
Asahi India Glass Ltd.
2.
B iodiversity C onservation India (Private) Ltd
3 . Indian S ociety of H e ating R efrigeration and Air C o n d itio n in g E ngineers (ISHRAE) 4.
R ajasthan E lectronics and In stru m e n ts Lim ited (REIL)
3.
Infosys Technologies Lim ited
4.
N eosilica Technologies Pvt Ltd.
5.
Oorja Energy Engg Services Hyd Pvt. Ltd.
6.
P aharpur Business C entre / Green Spaces
1.C ity of San Jose
7.
PLUSS Polym ers Pvt. Ltd
2. HOK A rchitects
8.
P hilips Electronics India Ltd
9.
S aint-G obain Glass India Ltd
Organizational Partners (U.S.)
3. N atural R esources D efense Council
CBERD M anagem ent Office
N.K. Bansal Indian P rincipal Investigator
CEPT U niversity
n kbansal43@ gm ail.com
A shok J. Gadgil U.S. P rincipal Investigator
Law rence Berkeley N ational Laboratory (LBNL)
ajgadgil@ lbl.gov
Rajan Rawal India Co-PI and CBERD D irector
CEPT U niversity
rajanraw al@ cept.ac.in
Girish G hatikar U.S. Co-PI and CBERD D irector
Law rence Berkeley N ational Laboratory (LBNL)
gghatikar@ lbl.gov
M ary Ann Piette U.S. Co-PI
Law rence Berkeley N ational Laboratory (LBNL)
m apiette@ lbl.gov
Vishal Garg India Co-PI
In te rn a tio n a l In s titu te o f In fo rm a tio n Technology Hyderabad (IIIT-H)
vishal.iiit@ gm ail.com
Jyotirm ay M a th u r India Co-PI
M alaviya N ational In stitu te o f Technology Jaipur (MNIT-J)
jyotirm ay. m ath u
[email protected] ail.com
P atrick Hughes U.S. CBERD D irector
Oak Ridge N ational Laboratory (ORNL)
h u g h e sp jl@ o rn l.g o v
Law rence Berkeley N ational Laboratory (LBNL)
reshm asingh@ lbl.gov
Law rence Berkeley N ational Laboratory (LBNL)
v td e la p u e n te @ lb l.g o v
[email protected]
Law rence Berkeley N ational Laboratory (LBNL)
dcdouglas@ lbl.gov
CEPT U niversity
ashajoshi@ cept.ac.in
Reshma Singh U.S. Program M anager V irginia de la Puente and M ichelle Wong, IP M anagem ent Diane Douglas U.S. A dm inistrative M anager Asha Joshi India A dm in istra tive M anager
CBERD Advisory Board M em bers
D.R. Prasada Raju S cientist-G /A dviser & Head (TMC)
D e p a rtm e n t o f S cience and Technology, G o vernm ent o f India
S anjay Bajpai
Technology M ission Cell W ater & S olar Energy, D e p a rtm e n t of S cience and
D ire c to r/ S c ie n tis t 'F'
Technology
Rajiv S harm a Executive D irector Richard Karney A riadne BenAissa A ctin g D irector Elena Berger
Indo-U.S. S cience and Technology Forum S e n io r Technical Advisor, Em erging Technologies Team, B u ild in g Technologies Office, U.S. D e p a rtm e n t of Energy Office of European and Asian P acific A ffairs, U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy Energy E fficie n cya n d Renewable Energy In te rn a tio n a l Programs, U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy
iv
Contents Executive S um m a ry.................................................................................................................................................................. 1 CBERD Project.............................................................................................................................................................................2 CBERD Project Objectives..........................................................................................................................................................4 CBERD R&D Tasks and Collaboration Activities.................................................................................................................6 1.0: Consortia Management and Coordination..................................................................................................................... 7 2.0: Building Information Technology.................................................................................................................................... 8 Subtask: Simulation and Modeling...................................................................................................................................8 Subtask: Monitoring and Benchmarking......................................................................................................................... 9 Subtask: Integrated Controls and Communication...................................................................................................... 11 3.0: Building Physical Systems............................................................................................................................................. 12 Subtask: Envelope / Passive Design............................................................................................................................. 12 Subtask: Advanced Technologies....................................................................................................................................17 Subtask: Comfort Studies................................................................................................................................................ 19 4.0: Supplemental Application............................................................................................................................................... 20 5.0: Scientific Collaboration................................................................................................................................................... 22 Key O utcom es.......................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Research Exchanges Research Exchanges and Workshops.............................................................................................24 Publications.............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 Key Next Steps.........................................................................................................................................................................26 References................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
v
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vi
Executive S um m ary CEPT U niversity (CEPT) in India a n d Law rence B erkeley N a tio n a l L a b o ra to ry (LBNL) in th e U nited S tates a re jo in tly le a d in g th e U .S .-In d ia J o in t C enter fo r B u ild in g Energy R esearch a n d D evelopm ent (CBERD) pro je ct. It has b ro u g h t to g e th e r m u ltid is c ip lin a ry e xp e rtise fro m eleven le a d in g research a n d a ca d e m ic in s titu te s in India a n d th e U.S. to c o n d u c t co lla b o ra tive research in o r d e r to p ro m o te energy e ffic ie n c y in n o vatio n th a t leads tow ards s ig n ific a n t re d u ctio n in b u ild in g e n e rg y use in th e U nited S tates a n d India.
This re p o rt sum m a rizes th e w ork jo in tly conducted by all c o nsortia p a rtn e rs from
N ovem ber 2 0 1 2 thro u g h
March
An u n p recedented s e t of in d u stria l p a rtn e rs and s u p p o rtin g o rganizations have co m m itte d to co lla b o ra te w ith CBERD
2 0 1 4 . As stated in th e original proposal docu m e n t, th e goal
to develop advanced b u ild in g t o o l s
o f CBERD is to co n d u c t co lla b o ra tive research th a t results
to reduce energy co n su m p tio n . The Industry p a rtn e rs are
in m easurable and s ig n ific a n t red u ctio n in b u ild in g energy
c o n trib u tin g
use in both nations. This goal w ill be achieved through
project. The U.S. c o n trib u tin g p a rtn e rs include A utodesk
th re e key strategies, as described below.
Inc., D elphi, Enlighted, HOK Architects, Honeywell, Lighting Research
both
“ in -k in d ”
Center,
and
technologies
and cash cost-share to the
Lig h ting
Science,
N exant,
N atural
First, throu gh a research th ru s t specifically developed to
Resources D efense Council, and SynapSense. The Indian
address th e
low-energy b uildings w hile
c o n trib u tin g
p a rtn e rs
providing synergies w ith existing research e ffo rts in both
B iodiversity
C onservation
nations.
N eosilica Technologies, Oorja Energy E ngineering Services,
key
barriers to
include
Asa hi
India
Ltd.
India
Glass,
(BCIL),
Infosys,
PBC Ventures, Philips, PLUSS Polymers, S ch n e id e r Electric, Second, by de veloping a tig h tly co ordinated te a m co n sistin g
Sintex,
w orld-class b u ild in g energy e fficie n cy experts fro m
Windows
both
S kyshade
and
W ipro
Eco Energy.
S aint-G obain w ill co n trib u te
in both nations. CBERD has also received s u p p o rt from the
nations.
fo llo w in g Third,
Daylights,
manufacturer
by
s e ttin g
up
o rganizational,
co lla b o ra tio n,
and
n o n -p ro fit
C alifornia
organizations:
Energy C om m ission,
City
of
San
Jose,
of
Indian
C onfederation
m a n a g e m e n t s tru ctu re s th a t w ill ensure a cc o u n ta b ility and
In d u s try -S o h ra b ji Godrej Green Business Centre, Glazing
success. CBERD’s lea d ersh ip team
o u ts ta n d in g
S ociety o f India, Indian S ociety of H e ating R efrigerating
record o f success, in b rin g in g new te ch n o lo g ie s to m a rke t
and A ir-co n d itio n in g Engineers, Indian S ociety of Lighting
has an
Engineers, R ajasthan Electronics
a t scale, to provide gam e-changing innovation.
The deep In th e
U.S.,
th e
lead
in s titu tio n
is
Law rence
Berkeley
b u ild in g
N ational
Laboratory
m arkets in both nations.
Berkeley
(UCB),
(ORNL),
R ensselaer Polytechnic In stitu te in s titu tio n
U niversity
M ellon
Inte rn a tio n a l
(CEPT).
CEPT’s
In stitu te
of
C alifornia,
Lim ited.
te ch n o lo g ie s
available
to
com m ercial
b uild ing
U niversity (CMU), and (RPI).
The
is th e C enter fo r E nvironm ental
Technology
of
In stru m e n ts
p ro fit c o lla b o ra to rs w ill a m p lify and accelerate advanced
N ational Lab (LBNL). LBNL’s p a rtn e rs include Oak Ridge
Carnegie
&
level o f c o lla b o ra tio n w ith in d u stry and not-for-
p a rtn e rs In fo rm a tio n
Indian
CBERD p a rtn e rs in th e U.S. and India are all well positioned
P lanning and
lead
to tra n s fe r results to key b u ild in g sta ke h o ld e rs by cre a tin g
include
th e
Technology
new tie s and
as well as
by leveraging e xisting re lationships
o n going projects.
Both
LBNL and
CEPT and
th e ir
Hyderabad (IIIT-H), M alaviya N ational In stitu te of Technology
p a rtn e rs already m a in ta in strong, lo n g -standing connectio ns
Jaipur
to U.S.
(MNIT-J),
Indian
In stitu te
of
M anagem ent
A hm edabad (IIM-A), Indian In stitu te o f Technology Bom bay
and
India
b u ild in g
energy
e fficie n cy
program s
thro u g h th e ir o n going research and tra in in g activities.
(IIT-B), and Auroville C entre fo r S c ie n tific Research (CSR).
1
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
CBERD Project Background The c o lla boration
United
India is now th e w o rld ’s seve n th -la rg e st energy consum er,
India across several fie ld s
sixth -la rg e st source o f g reenhouse gas (GHG) em issions, and
have b ro u g h t frie n d s h ip and u n d e rs ta n d in g betw een th e
second in te rm s of annual GHG e m issions growth (UNDP
tw o
2 0 1 1 ).
S tates
and co operation
o f A m erica (U.S) and
largest dem ocracies.
b e tw e e n
th e
Relying on su ccessful
historic
In d ia ’s
e le ctricity
dem and
is projected to reach
p a rtn e rsh ip s and recognizing th e need to address clim ate
1 ,9 0 0 te ra w a tt-h o u rs (TWh), w ith a peak e le ctric dem and of
change and create a clean energy fu tu re , th e Indian
298
Prime
GW by 2 0 2 1 - 2 0 2 2
(MOP,
2 0 0 7 ),
and
its
carbon
M in is te r Dr. M anm o h an Singh and U.S. P resident B arack
dioxide (CO2 ) em issions from coal co m b u stio n are projected
Obam a signed a M e m o ra n d u m o f U n d e rsta n d in g (MoU) in
increase by 118% between 2 0 1 0 and 2 0 3 5 to reach 3 .5 GT CO2
2 0 0 9 . The U.S.-India P a rtn e rsh ip to Advance Clean Energy
in 2 0 3 0 (In te rn a tio n a l Energy Agency, 2 0 0 7 ). In d ia ’s b uild in g
(PACE) was form ed as a re s u lt o f th is MoU. Through one
energy use accounts fo r 33% o f th e n a tio n ’s energy use,
o f th e early PACE initiatives, PACE- Research (PACE-R), th e
and th is is grow ing by 8% a n n u a lly (C lim ate Works, 2010 ).
U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy (DOE) and th e G o vernm ent of
The la rg e st floor-space grow th is in th e com m ercial (office,
India signed an a g re e m e n t to e sta b lish a U.S.-India Jo in t
hospitality, retail, h ospitals) and re sid e n tia l sectors Given
Clean Energy Research and D evelopm ent C entre (JCERDC).
th e explosive grow th in flo o r space, increased in te n sity of
This
energy
jo in t
research
ce n tre
was
m andated
to
fo ste r
use
and
service-level
re q u ire m e n ts
in
the
collab orative research and d e ve lo p m e n t in th e th r e e areas
com m ercial sector, India m u s t address energy e fficien cy in
o f solar energy, second-generation biofuels, and b u ild in g
th is se cto r (see Figure 1).
energy efficiency. The centres in th e th re e id e n tifie d areas are expected to accelerate tra n s itio n to a low-carbon, high-
The need is also e vid e n t in th e United S tates. The buildings
perform ance, energy-secure economy. The PACE-R a ctivitie s
se cto r co n trib u te s to 40% of th e n a tio n ’s energy consum ption
are coordinated by In d ia ’s D e p a rtm e n t o f B iotechnology and
and C 02 em issio n s—th e h ig h est o f all sectors— and this
D e p a rtm e n t
are
s e c to r’s energy use is in cre a sin g fa s te r th a n any o th e r’s
ad m in iste re d by th e Indo-U.S. S cience and Technology Forum
(Coffey, 2 0 0 9 ). The DOE fo re ca sts th a t th e U.S. w ill need to
(IUSSTF) in India and by th e D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy (DOE) in
add a n o th e r 2 3 5 gigaw atts of e le c tric ity gene ration capacity
th e U.S.
by 2 0 3 5 , a t a co st o f $ 0 .5 trillio n to $ 1 trillio n (Rs. 22
of
S cience
and
Technology.
They
trillio n to 4 5 trillio n (EIA, 2012). In 2 0 1 1 , un der th e JCERDC program , both governm ents so u g h t a proposal to form jo in t
c o n so rtia
cou ntries
and
co m prisin g o f research
across
both
in d u stry p a rtn e rs
w hile se cu rin g m a tch in g cost-share co m m itm e n ts. A fte r an extensive
m erit-review
aw ardees
were
process,
announced
in
th e
U.S.
and
April
2012.
Indian
The
jo in t
con so rtia nam ed U.S.-India J o in t C entre fo r B u ild in g Energy Research and D evelopm ent (CBERD) was selected to lead th e JCERDC B u ild in g Energy E fficiency area fo r five years. CBERD is led by Lawrence Berkeley N ational Laboratory, Berkeley, C alifornia, in th e U.S. and by CEPT University, A hm edabad, in India. It com prises a diverse s e t o f co n so rtia partn e rs in both countries. CBERD brings to g e th e r u n der one virtu a l roof w orld-class researchers and sc ie n tis ts from academ ia, industry, and n ational laboratories, as well as
I
in stitu tio n a l pa rtn e rs from both India and th e United States.
Overview The United S tates and India are am o n g th e h ig h est energy users in th e w orld, w ith b u ild in g energy use c o n s titu tin g a m ajority
of
w idespread
th a t
consum ption.
d isse m in a tio n
of
The highly
d e ve lo p m e n t e ffic ie n t
and
b u ild in g
techn olo gie s in both c o u n trie s can s ig n ific a n tly m itig a te th a t energy use. November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
Figure 1: Proportion o f floor space constructed by 2010 in India and the United States (Source: ECO III, 2010; EIA, 2012)
2
Fortunately, by drawing on the research and technological
year. The average is derived from a w ide range o f b enchm a rk
capabilities of the U.S. and India, substantial energy savings
data fo r offices, hotels, hospitals, and s h o p p in g m alls (ECO-
can be achieved. The CBERD focus is on building system
III, 2 0 1 0 ).
integration through jo in t research and public/private-sector partnership. CBERD will help to achieve substantial energy
CBERD’s vision is to build a fo u n d a tio n o f co llaborative
savings in both countries’ buildings sectors. Aligning with the
know ledge,
Governm ent of India’s (GOI) goals of achieving energy-efficient
re la tio n sh ip s th a t position the U.S. and India fo r a fu tu re of
technologies,
hum an
ca p a b ilitie s,
and
buildings by reducing the need for lighting, heating, ventilation,
h igh-perform ance buildings, w ith accelerated, m easurable,
and air-conditioning, two of LBNL’s projects in India already
and s ig n ific a n t energy use reduction. The focus on the
have dem onstrated
th a t systems-level
integration
highest-grow th sectors, i.e., com m ercial and high-rise m u lti
through
fa m ily buildings, ta rg e ts prim a rily new co n stru ctio n in India
innovative technologies can reduce energy consum ption by at
and re tro fits and o p e ra tio n s in the United S tates. W hile this
least 60%, compared to the ASHRAE 9 0 .1 -2 0 0 7 baseline.
w ill create th e m axim um im pact, th e results w ill have spillover be n e fits to o th e r b u ild in g sectors. CBERD w ill draw from its
Figure 2 shows a te ch n ica l energy saving p o te n tia l o f 2 0 9 T W /
co llaborative
year (40% savings) in India. This assum es a 60% reduction
R&D
and
co m m e rcia l
experience
to
align
w ith the goals o f G o vernm ent o f India and U.S. D ep a rtm e nt
in energy use for new c o n stru ctio n , and a conservative 10%
of Energy (U.S. DOE M ulti-year Plan, 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 ),
reduction through re tro fits from the average benchm arked
well
value of approxim ately 2 7 3 kilo w a tt-h o u rs per square m eter
as
a s societal concerns, and in d u stry benefits.
per year (k W h /m 2 /y e a r) or 27.3 kWh per square fo o t (ft2 ) per
600
3500
500
3000
40%
400
Current trend
Current trend
2500 2000
300
CBERD technical target
1500
200
CBERD technical target
100
INDIA
1000 500
Twh
UNITED STATES
Twh
Year
Year
Figure 2: Building energy-saving potential identified by the CBERD
CBERD is a R&D co lla b o ra tio n on b u ild in g s en e rg y e ffic ie n c y s p a n n in g b o th sides o f the ocean u n d e r one v irtu a l roof. The CBERD vision is to: •
A ccele ra te b u ild in g e n e rg y e ffic ie n c y b e n e fit th ro u g h leveraged a n d no ve l tools, te ch n o lo g ie s a n d g u id e lin e s
•
M axim ize o p p o rtu n itie s fo r b ila te ra l le a rn in g a n d exchange by d ra w in g upon th e c o m p le m e n ta rity o f R&D experience a n d know ledge
•
Create bridges to w a rd s co m m e rc ia liz a tio n a n d d e p lo ym e n t by m a p p in g to c o m m e rc ia l s tre n g th s o f o u r in d u s try p a rtn e rs in b o th n a tio n s
3
U.S.-lndia Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
CBERD Project Objectives p rim a rily around tw o p rim a ry research th ru s ts : (1) b uilding
Objective 1: Optimize the building systems
in fo rm a tio n
integration using a whole-building approach
and a cross-cutting view on s u p p le m e n ta l a p p lica tio n s such
across the building lifecycle to facilitate and
as S m a rt Grid responsiveness, renew able energy source
system s, and
(2) b u ild in g physical system s,
in tegration, and cost o p tim iza tio n (See fig u re s 3 and 4).
advance high-performance buildings
The overall research and d e ve lop m e n t (R&D) strategy is CBERD is providing an in-depth a nalysis o f how buildings in India
and
th e
U.S.
use
energy,
Lifecycle P erform ance A ssurance su p p o rts
b uild in g
system
and
is
c re a tin g
Fram ew ork (LPAF) th a t
in te g ra tio n
co n stru ctio n ,
th ro u g h o u t
b u ild in g ’s
design,
d e p a rtu re
from th e conventional, s i n g l e - s t a g e ,
hence
fra g m e n te d
and
approach.
a
This
th e
o p e ra tio n —a
enables
and
a w hole-
stru c tu re d and p rioritized to provide gu id an ce on th e selection o f key te ch n o lo g ie s and co m p o n e n ts fo r each m ajor b uilding system , to m eet th e desired p e rfo rm a n ce levels, and on cost-effective so lu tio ns. The LPAF fo r b e tte r te chnology and integrated system s has th e b e n e fits o f g e ttin g CBERD closer to its p e rfo rm a n ce ta rg e ts and incre a sin g th e likelihood th a t th e envisaged re su lts can be achieved in th e real world.
building, integrated view and sim u lta n e o u s ly assures high perform ance,
both
in
te rm s
of
energy
e fficie n cy
and
c o m fo rt/s e rv ic e levels. In th e LPAF fram ew ork, th e crucial
Objective
2:
Formulate
building
energy
integration occurs betw een th e b u ild in g s ’ physical system s
efficiency R&D strategies targeted to the
by using innovative b u ild in g in fo rm a tio n technology. The
diversity of building types
LPAF fra m e w o rk creates m e trics a t th e th re e stages o f th e build in g
lifecycle:
by
predicting,
co m m issio n in g ,
m e asu ring build in g p e rform ance. This objective d e ve lopm ent o f
w h o le -b u ild in g
to o ls /m o d e ls th a t
can
and
e stim a te
th e
com pliance;
includes
sim u la tio n
b u ild in g ’s
energy
pe rform ance
and
controls
sensors fo r c o n tin u o u s m e a s u re m e n t and
and
code
system s
and
d e ve lop m e n t
of
tra c k in g o f real-tim e p e rfo rm a n ce relative to th e original design inten t; and b e n ch m a rkin g to provide fe e d b a c k loops
This e ffo rt focuses on incre a sin g th e breadth o f th e b uilding s to ck th a t w ill be a ffe cte d w hile incre a sin g th e d epth of energy savings in each b u ild in g type. The objective is to create a convergence o f high levels o f service and co m fo rt w ith resource- and e n e rg y-efficie n t so lu tio n s fo r a diversity o f b u ild in g types, e.g., o ffice s (o n e /tw o /th re e s h ift, p u b lic / private sector), retail, hospitality, hospitals, and m ulti-storied housing.
to th e next g eneration o f b u ild in g m odeling. The LPAF is organized
■ Building IT ■ Building Ph Practical A[
|
B uildin g info rm a tio n te ch n o lo g ie s (m id d le ring) B uild ing physical system s (outer ring) Figure 4: Key Diagram: CBERD’s focus on Building Information
Figure 3: CBERD’s program consists o f two R&D thrusts and supplemental applications that span the building lifecycle and yield
Technology and Physical Systems integration will simultaneously enable a whole-building view and assure high performance.
new technology.
November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
4
Objective 3: Develop a suite of R&D strategies
Objective
5:
Promote
the
long-term
customized for U.S. and Indian applications ,
sustainability of building energy efficiency
enabling rapid development of regional and
through collaborative education and training
localized low-energy building practices and technologies
CBERD focuses on h e l p i n g overcom e know ledge gaps of
The CBERD focus is on applied R&D, in clu d in g innovative cooling and da ylight technologies, passive and envelope design, and products th a t s u it indigenous needs, regional variations, and clim ate d ive rsity (see Figure 5).
W ork
on
th is objective generates s o lu tio n s geared tow ards Indian a p p lica tio n s and advances a p p ro p ria te regional and local technologies. This w ork is coordinated w ith th a t o f O bjective 2 to ensure th a t th e tech n o lo g ie s apply to all p e rtin e n t b u ild in g types. The know ledge and lessons learned are
b u ild in g
research,
design,
thro u g h
tra in in g
and
and
developer
edu ca tio n
co m m u n itie s
curricula.
CBERD
docum ents, dem o n stra te s, educates, and uses consortium w ide use o f test-bed fa c ilitie s to accom plish this. B oosting th e two-way know ledge tra n s fe r and c a p a b ility levels of buildings s ta ke h o ld e rs fa c ilita te s in fo rm a tio n exchange and speeds
technology
and
p ro d u c t d e ve lo p m e n t th a t can
help generate s ig n ific a n t e fficie n cie s fo r th e U.S. and India. This w o rk w ill be co n d u cte d thro u g h
c o lla b o ration
w ith
d e p lo ym e n t channels in both countries.
docum e nted and applied in both countries. R&D focuses on both tech nology so lu tio n s and regional a d a p ta tio n th a t
Objective 6: Accelerate building efficiency
can leapfrog tra n s itio n a l tech n o lo g ie s w hile d e veloping and
R&D
a dva ncing app ro priate regional and local ones.
and
deployment
through
a
solid,
functioning consortium with bilateral publicprivate partnerships B u ild in g
Objective
4:
Enhance
compliance
on
co lla b o ra tive
e ffo rts
to
establish
long-term
and
re la tio n sh ip s am o n g researchers, CBERD aim s to achieve
development of building standards and codes
d e m a n d in g energy p e rfo rm a n ce ta rg e ts through a dedicated, long-term cooperative e ffo rt on th e p a rt o f m any stakeholders.
To bridge th e gap betw een sta n d a rd s and th e ir im p le m e n ta tio n , CBERD is developing design sp e cifica tion s, decision tools, algorithm s, and b e st practices guides. These are su pp o rte d by benchm arked and ongoing m easured data to achieve fiveyear pe rform ance ta rg e ts fo r co m m ercial and m u lti-storied
This e ffo rt w ould help th e b u ild in g s ta ke h o ld e rs navigate the path from business-as-usual to h igh-perform ance buildings. CBERD
leverages
te a m
m e m b e r’s
R&D,
com m ercial
experience, and expertise to create cohesive, significa nt, d ra m a tic im pacts in both nations.
re sidential buildings. This e ffo rt w ill enable o p p o rtu n itie s fo r s ig n ific a n t im provem ents in b u ild in g energy perform ance.
W e a th e r M o n ito r in g & fo re c a s tin g
R egio nal M a te ria ls & c o n s tru c tio n ,
A p p r o p r ia te b u ild in g physical system s
O w n e r / Tenant needs
L o c a liz a tio n / B uildings p ro to ty p e s
codes
In teg rated B uilding In form ation T echn o lo g y & Physical S ystem s
Figure 5: CBERD is developing a suite o f R&D strategies customized for regional and localized applications, among a diversity o f building types.
5
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
CBERD R&D Tasks and Collaboration Activities 1.0: Consortia Management and Coordination 2.0: Building Information Technology S ubtask: 2 .1 S im u la tio n and M o d e lin g S ubtask: 2 .2 M o n ito rin g and B e n ch m a rkin g S ubtask: 2 .3 C ontrols and C o m m u n ica tio n s Integration
3.0: Building Physical Systems S ubtask: 3 .1 Envelope / Passive Design (in clu d in g Energy E ffic ie n t B u ild in g M a te ria ls and Advanced Shells, Cool Roofs, W indow s and Daylighting, and Passive Design) S ubtask: 3 .2 A dvanced Technologies (in c lu d in g Advanced HVAC and A dvanced Lighting) S ubtask: 3 .3 C o m fo rt S tudies
4.0: Supplemental Applications S ubtask: 4 .1 Grid-Responsive B uildings S ubtask: 4 .2 Renewable Integration S ubtask: 4 .3 C ost O ptim ization of Energy E fficiency
5.0: Scientific Collaboration
November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
6
1.0: Consortia M anagem ent and Coordination The CBERD C onsortia M a n a g e m e n t O ffice (CMO) provides core m a n a g e m e n t s u p p o rt to a ll p a rtn e rs to achieve p ro je c t objectives, c o n so rtiu m e ffe ctive n e ss, a n d q u a lity a t every sta g e o f research a n d developm ent. The CMO m anages p e rio d ic re p o rtin g, budg e tin g , fin a n ce s, a n d in te lle c tu a l p ro p e rty m a n a g e m e n t o f CBERD.
Background To coordinate and m anage a p ro je ct o f th is scale, LBNL and
in p a rtn e rs h ip w ith th e research in s titu tio n s and indu stry
CEPT have form ed th e CBERD M a n a g e m e n t O ffice (CMO),
team m e m bers in both countries, d e te rm in in g th e R&D
led by th e CBERD Principal and Co-Principal Investigators
progress and outcom es, and id e n tify in g challenges and m easures to overcom e them .
and sup p o rte d by th e P roject D irectors (PDs) and O perations M anager (OM) (see Figure 6). The CMO also coordinates and
•
U.S.-India
c o o rd in a tio n
thro u g h jo in t calls
and
web
p ro je ct m a n a g e m e n t and
R&D
drives R&D co m m unica tio n s, d ecision-m aking, and in d u stry
m eetings to discuss
p a rtn e rs h ip s in both nations. LBNL is th e U.S. C o n s o rtiu m ’s
co o rd in a tio n am o n g in s titu tio n a l and in d u stry partners.
o p e ra tin g a g e n t, co n d u c tin g a d m in istrative, fiscal, contracting,
•
P roject briefings and p re se n ta tio n s to th e U.S. and Indian governm ents (DOE, IUSSTF) on m a n a g e m e n t and R&D
and R&D resp o n sib ilitie s fo r th e U.S. DOE. CEPT is playing a parallel role fo r th e IUSSTF GOI. The CMO is also responsible
updates, and id e n tific a tio n o f issues and areas o f m utual
fo r effective
support.
c o o rd in a tio n /c o m m u n ic a tio n
betw een
team
m em bers and oth e r p ro je ct p a rticip a n ts, in clu d in g technical,
•
Under th e CBERD C onsortia
m a n a g e m e n t task, the
CMO also m a in ta in s a co lla b o ra tive web portal, CBERD
business, fin a n cial, and o th e r a p p ro p ria te a ctivities.
w ebsite, and CBERD o utreach a ctivities. The CMO team has assem bled a focused s e t of in d u stry p a rtn e rs h ip s th a t s u p p o rt th e te a m ’s R&D agenda. Each R&D
The results o f th is jo in t co n so rtia m a n a g e m e n t by CMOs in
ta s k is im ple m en ted by R&D P roject Leads w ith th e d irection
both co u n trie s has enabled us to:
o f th e Pis.
1.
Reach an a g re e m e n t on a fra m e w o rk fo r jo in t R&D activities.
2.
Progress so far
E stablish five-year p ro je ct plans and one-year w ork plans fo r each o f th e R&D tasks.
Key a ctivitie s o f th e U.S. and Indian CBERD M a n a g e m e n t O ffices (CMOs) have included c o o rd in a tin g pro je ct R&D,
3.
S e t up a secure w eb-based pro je ct m a n a g e m e n t tool.
continu ed fa c ilita tio n of in d u stry e n g a g e m e n t in th e R&D
4.
C onduct
5.
Design and m a in ta in th e CBERD w ebsite (w w w .cberd.
m a n a g e m e n t plan).
6.
Facilitate m o n th ly m eetings betw een ta s k leaders.
A ctivities have included th e follow ing:
7.
Facilitate exchange o f scholars in both countries.
jo in t
q u a rte rly
virtu a l
org).
technology m a n a g e m e n t plan fo r in te lle ctu a l pro p e rty (IP
•
CBERD
m eetings using video c o n fe re n cin g fa cilitie s.
activities, co n d u ctin g p a rtn e r m eetings and w ork sessions, fin a liz in g su bcontracts, and fin a liz in g a com prehensive jo in t
U .S .-In d ia
S trateg ic R&D p la n n in g to m e e t th e jo in t R&D objectives G o v e r n m e n t o f In d ia
U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f E n e rg y
In d ia -U .S . P ro je c t A d v is o ry B oard
India CBERD IP Office (CIPO)
In d ia - C B E R D M a n a g e m e n t O ffic e (C M O )
U .S .- C B E R D M a n a g e m e n t O ffic e ( C M O )
PI C o -P Is P ro je c t D ir e c to r O p e ra tio n s M a n a g e r
PI C o -P Is P ro je c t D ir e c to r O p e ra tio n s M a n a g e r
I C E P T - Lead IIT-B , H IT, M N IT , IIM - A , C SR
I L B N L - Lead O R N L , U C B , C M U , R PI
U.S. CBERD IP Office (CIPO)
Managem ent O ffices R & D Leads and th e ir O rganizational P artners Industrial / Cost-Share ■ P artners I
In dian co re in d u s try p a rtn e rs
in d u s try p a rtn e rs
Figure 6: CBERD organizational/governance structure for project coordination and management.
7
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
2.0: Building Information Technology Subtask 2.1: Simulation and Modeling This ta s k ’s research focus is to re d u ce b a rrie rs to energy e ffic ie n c y th ro u g h th e use o f in fo rm a tio n technology co m p u ta tio n s, in te g ra te d s im u la tio n tools, a n d R&D o f n e w m e th o d s fo r re d u c in g energy use o f e xistin g a n d new bu ild ing s.
Background The S im u la tio n and M o d e lin g s u b ta s k focuses on b u ild in g
im p le m e n te d in Simergy.
to ols to help archite cts and b u ild in g developers who design
An
and
sim u la tio n is being developed, fo r w hich id e n tifica tio n and
operate
b u ild in g
energy
system s.
It
co n ce n tra te s
Indian
c o n stru ctio n
m aterial
data b a se
fo r
energy
especially in te chnica l areas id e n tifie d by s ta ke h o ld e rs in
ch a ra cte rizatio n
India and in DOE’s B u ild in g Technologies Program M ulti-
m aterial data b a se will be integrated w ith th e sim u la tio n tool.
o f m a te ria ls
has
been
com pleted. This
Year (2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 5 ) W ork Plan. This s u b ta s k is divided into su b ta sks fo cu sin g on (1) graphical user in te rfa ce o f b u ild in g
Expanded to o ls fo r rapid design, m odeling, and o p tim izatio n
energy m o d e lin g tool rapid o p tim iza tio n tools, and (2) tools
are being developed, and an early-stage w indow design tool
fo r real-tim e m o n ito rin g and pe rfo rm a n ce benchm arking.
fo r w indow o p tim iza tio n (WINOPT) has been developed (See Fig 7). This tool w ill help users o ptim ize and se le ct appropriate
Team members
c o m b in a tio n s of w indow glass, w indow -to-w all ratios (WWRs), and overhang d e p th s fo r d iffe re n t fagade o rie n ta tio n s and d iffe re n t cities o f India.
LBNL UCB
Philip Haves, S am uel Lawrence B runsw ick
T heoretical to o ls to evaluate th e p o ssib ility o f using fast,
Francesco Borrelli, Frank C huang
ro b u st a lg o rith m s in m odel predictive control design were developed using an EnergyPlus m odel of th e Brower Center,
Vishal Garg, Aviruch Bhatia, Rathish IIIT-Hyderabad
S athyabam a A rum ugam , N itin Dixit, Ravi K um ar Singh, Rahul Tibrewal, S aransh Khanna, Deep D ixit
CEPT
Rajan Rawal, Agam Shah
a b u ild in g w ith
ra d ia n t-sla b c o o lin g located
in Berkeley,
C alifornia, USA. The stu d y helped to verify th a t fo r slow response system s, such as ra d ia n t-sla b system s, using the expected d istu rb a n ce is s u ffic ie n t to m inim ize expected cost. To enable rapid m o d e lin g using a deskto p tool, EnergyPlus using file synchronization te ch n iq u e s (EPsysnc) and parallel
Progress so far A ctivities have focused on a d a p tin g th e EnergyPlus graphical
co m p u tin g over several nodes has been developed.
user interfa ce (GUI) fo r advanced design, o perations, and perfo rm ance ra tin g and b e n ch m a rkin g activities. ForSim ergy, th e EnergyPlus GUI developed a t LBNL, a de ta iled design sp e cifica tion fo r th e na tu ra l ve n tila tio n system in te rfa ce has been
developed
system s,
in clu d in g
and
p a rtly
ra d ia n t-sla b
im p le m e n te d . c o o lin g
Low-energy
and evaporative
coo ling in air h a n d lin g units, have already been
Tools fo r real-tim e b u ild in g p e rfo rm a n ce
m o n ito rin g and
be n ch m a rkin g are also b e ing developed. For th is, a detailed lite ra tu re review has been conducted, w ith a focus on the design and o p e ra tio n o f e xp erim ental te s t fa c ilitie s fo r the evaluation
of a u to m a te d
fa u lt de te ctio n
and
diagnosis
m ethods.
Figure 7: Screen shot o f WINOPT tool, momogram
November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
8
a d va n cin g th e sta te of th e a rt o f b e n c h m a rkin g in India, in clu d in g new m ethods th a t can be used to
Notable Achievements
advance U.S. b e n c h m a rk in g to o ls and program s. The
Public release o f version 1 .0 o f Sim ergy, th e free,
a ction
plan
includes
not
ju s t
an
em phasis
on
p ra ctitio n e r-o rie n te d u ser in te rfa c e fo r EnergyPlus.
tra d itio n a l
S im ergy
that
g ra n u la r system -level b e n c h m a rk in g and an a dditional
extended
fo r
w ill use
be in
developed
low -energy
fu rth e r
system
and
design,
p a rtic u la rly in early stage design, a n d fo r use in
w h o le -b u ild in g
d e co n stru ctio n
into
b enchm arking.
Data
benchm arking,
a sset co llection
but
also
and
operational
fo rm s
fo r
whole-
b u ild in g and system -level b e n c h m a rk in g have been
p e rfo rm a n ce -b a se d code com pliance.
developed. The d ata collected from th e se fo rm s will be
used
to
b e n ch m a rk
a lg o rith m
testing.
Additionally, a rch ite ctu ra l a sse t data and ope rationa l
Subtask 2.2: Monitoring and Benchmarking
energy d ata is being collected across a lm o s t 1 0 0 new b uildings
The tw o research fo ci o f th is ta s k a re to provide a fo u n d a tio n
in
G ujarat.
The
CBERD
p ro ject
has
co lla b o ra te d w ith th e UNDP-GEF p ro je ct a d m in istere d
fo r In d ia ’s cost-e ffe ctive b e n c h m a rk in g
by th e Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India, to ga th e r
a n d m o n ito rin g p rog ra m a n d to develop co st-effective,
energy co n su m p tio n data from approxim ately 1 ,0 0 0
packaged, sca la b le e n e rg y in fo rm a tio n system (EIS)
b uildings across India.
s o lu tio n s fo r both co u n trie s.
E la s tic ity 1.45
Background This s u b ta s k builds on a p p lica b le concepts from b e n ch m a rkin g activities.
and
Expected
energy
in fo rm a tio n
delive ra b le s
are:
system s (1)
a
o o o o
U.S. (EIS)
se t
o A + x
2 3 4 5
R Squared= 0.75
Star Star Star Star
x+
of
o
o
□
m ethods and fra m e w o rk fo r web-based so ftw a re tools fo r
CM
w hole- b u ild in g and system -level b e n c h m a rk in g adapted to th e Indian
context,
and
(2) cost-effective,
scalable O
approaches fo r co n tin u o u s m e a s u re m e n t and m o n ito rin g o f com m ercial buildings, w hich
can
be integrated
o
CM
into
energy in fo rm a tio n system s (EIS) and m e te rin g products w ith broad a p p lica b ility in th e U.S. and Indian m arkets.
Team members
2e+03
5e+03
1e+04
2e+04
5e+04
1e+05
2e+05
Overnight Guests per year
Paul M athew, Jessica G randerson,
LBNL
Figure 8: Benchmarking analysis o f the Energy performance o f hotels
Reshma Singh As p a rt of th e
CEPT U niversity
Yash S hukla, M ith i Dave
hospitals
in
o n going activitie s, d ata fo r hotels and India
from
previous
USAID
ECO-III
b e n c h m a rk in g a ctivitie s have been g athered (see Figure 8) and a b e n c h m a rk in g m odel fo r th e se tw o sectors has been
Progress so far
in itia te d. The b e n c h m a rk in g m odel w ill be com pleted in Year 2 of CBERD. The b u ild in g energy e fficie n cy industry, An action plan fo r advancing sta te -o f-th e -a rt b u ild in g energy b e n ch m a rkin g in India has been developed. This
plan
review and
is
based
on
an
extensive
lite ra tu re
b e n e fit thro u g h early access to, and jo in t d e ve lop m e n t of th e o u tp u ts of th e m o n ito rin g and b e n c h m a rk in g subtask.
of b e n ch m a rk in g e ffo rts in th e U.S., India, Europe;
d o cu m e n ta tio n
of
h ighlights
and
lessons learned, and gap analysis relative to Indian b e n ch m a rkin g
conducted
in
c o lla b o ra tio n
w ith
in d u stry p artn e rs S chn e id e r E lectric India and W ipro EcoEnergy. The purpose o f th is a ction plan is to d e fin e
as well as th e cost-share p a rtn e rs in both countries, w ould
a sp e cific s e t o f stra te g ie s and a ctions fo r
A fra m e w o rk fo r EIS g u id elin e s is u n d e r d e ve lop m e n t that includes
key
p e rfo rm a n ce
c o m m u n ica tio n s, and
so ftw a re
indicators,
hardware,
re quirem ents. This se t of
g u id elin e s has an in itia l d ata centre ta rg e t focus, w hich is now
com plete. The data ce n te r EIS g u id eline s provide a
bounded b u ild in g typology w here energy c o n su m ption is a U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
critical concern (data centres can utilize up to 1 0 0 tim e s The have
com prehensive d ire c t
and
relevance
vendor-neutral
fo r
both
U.S.
EIS g u idelines
and
Notable Achievements
Indian data
centres. (See Figure 9). This w ould em pow er d ata centre owners,
developers,
operators,
and
energy
An A ction Plan fo r Indian B e n c h m a rk in g an d a n
service
com panies (ESCOs) to se le c t and sp e cify th e app ro p ria te
advanced
EIS fo r th e ir business purposes to d eliver a sound return
has been com pleted, a n d
on
th e
investm ent.
The
EIS
sam ple
sp e c ific a tio n
and
sele ction g uid elines fo r th e overall com m ercial buildings
Indian
d a ta co lle ctio n te m p la te fo r India
B u reau
of
is
b e in g review ed by
Energy
E fficie n cy
for
deployment. Energy co n su m p tio n a n d a rc h ite c tu ra l
sector w ill be fin a lize d a fte r in p u ts from in d u stry p a rtn e rs SynapSense,
S chn e id e r
E lectric
India,
and
c h a ra c te ris tic s d a ta o f 9 5 n e w b u ild in g s in G ujarat,
W ipro
EcoEnergy in Year 2 o f th is project. The guidance w ill be
India has been collected. An EIS g u id e fo r data
expanded to s e le c te d
co m m ercial b u ild in g
ce n te rs has been developed th a t ta rg e ts a high
h o s p ita lity and q u ick
energy use b u ild in g type, a n d w ill be p ilo te d in the
typologies such
h ig h -g ro w th
as offices,
retail,
service restaurants.
U.S. by in d u s try p a rtn e r Synapsense.
R E N E W A B -E
M
U T IL IT Y
S W IT C H G E A R
M
G ENERATO R
M
M1
ATS
D IS T R IB U T IO N S W IT C H G E A R
D IS T R IB U T IO N P A N E L M 3
___ 1 ------------
UPS
MS
PDU
M6
▼ it
M7
C R A H /C M * 3
Computer room
M4
D IS T R IB U T IO N P A N E L
▼
I __ C H IL L E R
MS
PUMPS
C T FAN
A IR IN T A K E T E M P
C H W FLO W
S1
'.r O
L IG H T IN G
M9
L eg en d
M 12
OUTDOOR TEM P
CHW S TEM P
S2
S
CH W R TEM P
S3
S4 CTW TEM P
CPU USED
-g & L
▼
V
T
O F F IC E and O THERS
M2
S4
01
Electrical
Cooling
IT
Pow er m eter ( M
Sensor
S
IT activity
O
Figure 9: CBERD-recommended metering diagram for Data Centre Energy Information System (EIS)
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
Subtask 2.3: Integrated Controls and Communication The research focus o f th is ta s k is to develop a n d fie ld te s t in te g ra te d c o m m u n ic a tio n s a n d c o n tro l tech n o lo g ies across b u ild in g system s such as h eating, ve n tila ting , a ir co n d itio n in g , lig h tin g an d d aylighting, a n d p lu g load system s.
Plug-load controls and integration
Background The s u b ta sk R&D includes d e ve lo p m e n t and fie ld -te s tin g of
In line w ith th e
co m m u n ica tio n
and control tech n o lo g ie s across b u ild in g
LBNL, an energy m eter has been designed a t IIIT-H fo r
system s. This includes advanced lighting, HVAC, and plug
m o n ito rin g th e p lug load and energy usage in various
load controls th a t: m inim ize energy use; respond to changes
b uildings
in
th e ir
h undred energy te s t m eters are being produced fo r a
fu n ctio n a lity, reliability, and o p e ra tio n a l insight; integrate
m o n ito rin g e xp e rim e n t a t IIIT-H. Plug loads have high
sensor data across b u ild in g system s; and enhance o ccu p a n t
p o tential
occupancy
and
e n viro n m e n ta l
factors;
im prove
m o n ito rin g perform ed
at
in India. As a firs t step tow ards this, one
fo r
red u ctio n
in
energy
usage.
Using
an
com fort. This w ork is h e lp in g to develop new s m a rt lu m in a ire s
extensive
and plug-load controllers; va lidate and
tra ce s collected in U.S. buildings by LBNL, advanced
im prove w ireless
co m m u n ica tio n tech n o lo g ie s fo r u b iq uito u s se n sin g and control o f b u ild in g loads; and develop and id e n tify protocols and data s tru ctu re s to sta n d a rd ize exchange o f all b u ild in g data betw een system s. A ctivities are in tegrated around: •
plug load
data b a se
a lg o rith m s
of
device-level
th a t categorize
loads
plug-load
into
power
sensitive
and
sta n d a rd loads are being developed, to id e n tify if a load is sensitive (e.g., a com puter), and only sw itch o ff power to non-sensitive loads (e.g., lights, displays) w hen the space is unoccupied or unutilized.
Advanced lighting
•
Plug-load controls
•
HVAC, lig h tin g and b u ild in g system s
A n a lo g - o u tp u t fo r
C urrent
Light d im m e r
Team members
Lux Sensor
cont ro lle r
LBNL
IIIT-Hyderabad
Francis R ubinstein, Steven Lanzisera, Richard Brown Vishal Garg, Janyathi Sivaswam i,
Socket fo r
S h u b h a jit Roy Chowdhury, K.
tra n sce ive r
Occupancy
w ire le ss _ J
N iranjan Reddy, P rabhakar Rao, Figure 10: Smart Luminaire controller developed by CBERD te a m
S id d a rth Jain, D ivanshu Shivraj
HVAC, Lighting, and Building System Integration
Progress so far Through colla borative w ork betw een th e
Indian and
U.S.
team s, a fo u n d a tio n a l u n d e rs ta n d in g of b u ild in g system s in India has been developed. This w ork has p a rtic u la rly focused on co m m o n a litie s w ith and d iffe re n ce s from sta n d a rd U.S. com m ercial b u ild in g system s.
S ta rtin g
w ith
th e
UC
Berkeley-developed
M e a s u re m e n t and A ctuation Profile (sMAP) system , LBNL has
developed
te s tin g
its
data
exchange
ca p a b ilitie s.
Honeywell,
LBNL
appro p ria te
fo r
is
system fo u n d a tio n
W orking
w ith
in ve stig a tin g
in te rco n n e ctio n
E nlighted
system s
w ith
th e
The design o f th e S m a rt Lum inaire C ontroller designed by IIIT-H has been revised, and sam ple te s tin g is u n d e r way a t th e HIT Hyderabad fa cilitie s. A dynam ic w indow co n tro lle r is being
system s
and are
new control
prom ises s ig n ific a n t energy savings across the
com m ercial and
th a t
and
data exchange
platform . This w ork on data exchange and
Advanced Lighting and Integration
S im ple
b uildings
co n tro ls
in d u stry
sector.
The
sta n d s to
buildings
e q u ip m e n t
b e n e fit through
early
access to and jo in t d e ve lo p m e n t of th e se technologies.
developed to integrate lig h tin g w ith th e b u ild in g envelope and to h a rve st daylight. This d ynam ic w indow c o n tro lle r varies th e a m o u n t o f natural lig h t re a ch in g th e w ork d e sk d e p e n d in g on th e sola r radiation and lux level se t a t th e table. W orking w ith in d u stry p a rtn e r Enlighted,
LBNL
is
p la n n in g fo r th e
firs t
d e m o n stra tio n o f advanced lig h t-e m ittin g diode (LED) lig h tin g control system s to be deployed a t LBNL fa cilitie s. November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
Notable Achievements Design
and
m o n ito rin g
p ro d u c tio n completed',
o f pow er P re lim in a ry
m eters
fo r p lu g
a lg o rith m s
th a t
id e n tify p lu g loads a p p ro p ria te fo r o n / o ff p o w e r co n tro l developed
3.0: Building Physical Systems Subtask 3.1: Envelope / Passive Design
This ta s k focuses on p h ysica l b u ild in g system s, end uses a n d adva n ce d tech n o lo g ie s th a t a re im p o rta n t to th e b u ild in g energy e fficie n cy needs. This ta s k is d ivid e d in to fo u r s u b ta s k s: (1) Energy E ffic ie n t B u ild in g M a te ria ls a n d A dvanced S h ells; (2) Cool Roofs; (3) W indows a n d D aylighting, a n d (4) Passive Design.
Background This ta s k is divided into fo u r subtasks: (1) Energy E fficie n t
Affiliation
B u ild in g M a terials and Advanced Shells; (2) Cool Roofs; (3)
1.
E valuating pe rfo rm a n ce of in su la tio n m a te ria ls fo r th e ir therm o-physical
and
hygrotherm al
properties,
Rajan Rawal, Vinod Patel, Agam
CEPT
W indows and Daylighting, and (4) Passive Design. A ctivities un der th e se w ork stre a m s are fo cu sin g on:
Name
Shah
Windows and Day lighting Team Rajan Rawal, Sanyogita M anu, Yash
and CEPT
d e ve lop m e n t of a co n stru ctio n m a te ria ls and assem bly
S hukla, Agam Shah, Pranav Kishor, Vinod Patel
database. 2.
D evelopm ent and te s tin g of cool roof te ch n o lo g ie s and
3. D evelopm ent, testing, d e m o n stra tio n , and high-perform ance
glazing
and
C hristian Kohler, C harlie Curcija,
LBNL
advancing sta te -o f-th e -a rt tech n o lo g ie s fo r both nations.
Robin M itchell
v a lid a tio n of
da ylig h t
h a rve stin g
Passive Design team
solutions. 4.
D eve lopm e nt o f In dia-centric n u m e rica l to o ls to help architects
and
engineers
m ake
inform ed
Shah, M ih ir V akharia
design
decisions. 5.
Rajan Rawal, Sanyogita M anu, Agam
CEPT
MNIT
Jyotirm ay M a th u r
G eneration of a p e rfo rm a n ce data b a se of products and techn olo gie s available in India and e n h a n c e m e n t o f te s t
M ona D octor Pingel, Tency Baetens,
Auroville CSR
Alm a Bakhlina, Vijay K.
fa c ilitie s to develop and evaluate com plex fe n e s tra tio n system s available in India. 6.
U C B -C BE
Gail Brager, Anoop N oonekeri
S c ie n tific evaluation of passive design stra te g ie s used in buildings in India, d e ve lo p m e n t of prototypes, and co m m u n ica tio n
of
te s t
results
w ith
th e
Progress so far
b u ild in g
com m unity.
Research Subtask 3.1A: Energy Efficient Building Materials and Advanced Shells
Team members
Design of th e firs t phase
o f physical
te s tin g th e rm o - physical and
Energy
Efficient
Building
Materials
and
Advanced Shells Team CEPT
ORNL
1 ,0 0 0
IIIT-Hyderabad
and
floor,
and
Pablo Rosado
up to
it very contextual to India. A n o th e r unique c a p a b ility is the
m ass
wall
assem blies.
te m p e ra tu re can be co n tro lle d Ronnen Levinson, Ja yantS athaye
com plex assem blies
mm x 1 ,0 0 0 mm x 3 5 0 mm thickn e ss, th u s m aking
a b ility to co n d u c t d ynam ic guarded hotbox te sts on heavy th e rm a l
LBNL
of
14). This is in accordance w ith ASTM C 236, to te s t wall, fe n e s tra tio n
Cool Roof Team
prope rties
and c o n stru ctio n of a Guarded H ot Box (GHB) (See Figure
Patel, S rijan D idw ania
M anfred K ehrer
hygrotherm al
b u ild in g m a te ria ls has been done. This includes th e design
Rajan Rawal, S anyogita M anu, Vinod
A ndre D esjarlais, K a u sh ik Biswas,
in fra stru ctu re for
GHB
from
clim ate
ch am be r
5 0 to 6 0 °C and air
velocity from 0 .2 to 1.0 m eters per second (m /s). GHB m e te rin g ch a m b e r te m p e ra tu re can be co n tro lled from 22 to 2 8 °C. The d e ve lo p m e n t of th e hygrotherm al fa c ility (see
Vishal Garg, K. N iranjan Reddy,
Figure
R athish S athyabam a A rum ugam
ca lib ra tio n of pressure plates, a c lim a te cham ber, drying
November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
11)
includes
procurem ent,
in s ta lla tio n ,
and
12
Sealing material o prepare sampes
Sample preparation in glass box to put it in the moist chamber Glass exicators— (Gives moisture retaining capacity of specimen)
_ A
-
-
L
a
PrecisionWeighing
!
Moist CablneV Curing Chamber (with40%to 98%RH range) Standard-ASTM C511-06
Laboratory Oven (Removes moisture fromspecimen cooking it)
1 -
-
11
.
Pressure Plate Extractor [Gives moisture retainingcapacity of specimen at given pressure)
11
II
Figure 11: A rtist’s image o f hygrothermal characterization facility for building material ovens, an in e rt gas oven, and a n cilla ry equ ipm e n t. The
In
a ddition,
a
protocol
to
te s t
cool
roofs
fo r
aging
CBERD p ro ject te am has id e n tifie d ASTM sta n d a rd s C 1498,
pro p e rties is being developed. M a n u fa ctu re rs have been
C 1699, and E96, and ISO sta n d a rd s 1 5 1 4 8 and C 518 as
contacted to c o lle c t sam ples available in India.
app licab le
standards.
This
fa c ility
will
have
clim ate
sam ples will be n a tu ra lly exposed to stu d y th e w e athe ring
ch a m b e r w ith relative h u m id ity (RH) c o n tro lla b ility betw een
and aging o f ro o fin g products. This should help th e U.S.-
20% and 95%, w ith precision o f 3%. O u tp u t pressure can be
India te a m develop a va ria n t o f LBNL’s accelerated aging
regulated from 0 .7 to 16 bar. For th e guarded h o t box and
protocol s u ita b le fo r ro o fin g products in Indian clim ates.
hygrotherm al ta s k fa cilitie s , th e CEPT te a m
a
These
has received
technical guidance by ORNL.
Research lighting
Subtask
3.1C:
Windows
and
Day
Insulation m ate rials and generic b u ild in g m a te ria ls are being tested fo r d e ve lop m e nt o f a data b a se th a t w ill feed into a sim u la tio n to ol to coordinate a ctivitie s fo r th e passive design task. B u ild in g m aterials and a sse m b lie s w ill be tested fo r buildings being m onitored fo r energy and enviro n m e n ta l perform ance. To accom plish this, a state-of-the-art, oneof-a-kind fa c ility a t CEPT w ill be used. CEPT and ORNL are w o rking w ith in d u stry p a rtn e r BCIL to expand th e m a te ria ls database. BCIL is h elp in g th e CEPT te a m c o n s tru c t wall assem blies, w hich w ill be te ste d a t GHB. A n o th e r in d u stry partner, PLUSS, is w o rkin g w ith CEPT and ORNL to develop phase-change m aterial panels, and th e fo rm -sta b ilize d PCM panels th a t have been developed have been an e n couraging step forw ard.
Research Subtask 3 .IB : Cool Roofs A pproxim ately 1 2 0 cool roof at
CEPT
with
the
accordance w ith ASTM
m a te ria ls
are
guidance
of
being tested LBNL,
in
E 9 0 3 standards. CEPT also has
developed a fra m e w o rk fo r Indian cool roof ra tin g system s, e la b o ra tin g on te s tin g protocols, te s tin g eq u ipm e n t, and proposed
a d m in istra tiv e
and
m a rk e t
m echanism s.
An
u n co n dition ed b u ild in g has been id e n tifie d fo r a cool roof d e m o n stra tio n
in
N agpur
(com posite
clim ate),
and
in s tru m e n ta tio n and m in o r m o d ific a tio n s o f th e b u ild in g are
Figure 12: Testing o f window with daylighting system for Solar Fieat Gain Coefficient The m ain objective o f th is s u b ta s k is to develop, test, de m o n stra te ,
and
p e rfo rm a n ce glazing, solutions.
va lidate shading,
C haracterization
of
cost-effective, and
high-
da ylig h t h arvesting
glass
fo r
its
optical
pro p e rties such as visual tra n s m itta n c e , absorptance, and re fle cta n ce has been conducted in accordance w ith ISO 9 0 5 0 and EN 410, and in a so la r range as well as a nearIR range. The CEPT team has te ste d a pproxim ately 2 0 0 glazing sam ples (See Figure 12) available in th e Indian
in progress. The IIIT-H te a m is c o n d u c tin g fie ld experim ents. 13
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
Figure 13: Artificial Clear Sky and M irror Box glass
necessary to increase b u ild in g p e rfo rm a n ce and reduce
sam ples available in th e Indian m a rke t from th e organized
m arket,
energy co n su m p tio n from a rtific ia l lighting. This box w ill also
m arket.
w hich
covers
a pproxim ately
These te s t results
are
80%
available
of th e
in th e
public
help in re se a rch in g design v a ria tio n s w ith da yligh t ha rvesting
dom ain. The results will be added to th e LBNL C om m ercial
technologies.
A m irro r box consists
of
highly
reflective
F enestration tool (COMFEN) data b a se and will be available in
hom ogenously lit c e ilin g and m irrored walls. The lig h t source
th e In te rn a tio n a l Glass D atabase m a in ta in e d by LBNL.
is a m ilky w hite d iffu s in g acrylic s h e e t illu m in a te d w ith over
CEPT has developed a design and sp e cific a tio n s d o c u m e n t
v e rtic a lly all around th e p e rip h e ry o f th e box, produce an
fo r a m irror box to create a rtific ia l sky conditions. (See
im age o f th e lit ce ilin g by re fle ctio n and in te r-reflection to
Figure 13). This w ill be co n stru cte d in Year 2 o f th e CBERD
infinity. The m irro r box w ould generate lig h t levels betw een
1 0 .0 0 0 LEDs w o rkin g as lig h t source. The m irrors, arranged
project. A m irro r box is used to sim u la te overcast sky
1 2 .0 0 0 to 1 5 ,0 0 0 lux on th e w ork plane. The b u ild in g m odel
con d ition s fo r b u ild in g m odels, w hich helps a rch ite cts and
to be analyzed fo r d a ylighting is placed inside th e m irror box,
engineers u nderstan d d a ylig h tin g inside and
m ake
design
th e
b u ild in g
im provem ents —8 pairs of air temp, sensors (hung 100 mm away from inside wall surface)
5 shielded air temp, sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle surface)
11 pairs of surface temp, sensors
11 air temp, sensors (hung 100 mm away from inside wall surface)
5 Surface temp, sensors (located on baffle surface) 9 air velocity sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle)
low-flow circulating fans
low-flow circulating fans
(hung 100 mm away from inside wall surface) - 4 pressure sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle) - 9 air velocity sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle surface)
r l E( TR I M E IE H IN ti ' ' I
CHAMBER
SPEC MEN
CHAMBER
4 pressure sensors (hung 65 mm away from baffle surface) AIR BAFFLE (BLACK M ETAL SURFACE) 4 air velocity sensors (1 on each wall surface, hung away from inside wall surface)
C OM PU IEH AIR BAFFLE (BLACK METAL SURFACE)
3 RH sensor (1 on each wall surface) 8 pairs of surface temp sensors (dist 125 mm) DATA ACQUISION SYSTEM
CHILLER
Figure 14: A rtist’s image o f guarded hot box
November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
14
M U K U D U V ID U LOGGERS PLACEMENT: DOME 1 1 .1 O v e rv ie w o f th e tw o do m es 1 .2 ; 1 .3 D o m e 1: w e s te rn s id e o f th e do m e : A 1 + s u rfa c e te m p s en s o r + 8 4 c m B9 + 2 s u rf te m p + 2 1 7 c m ,+ 3 6 0 c m D1 w ith d isp la y
D e t a il s e c tio n r o o f t o p v e n t ila t io n A
S u r f a c e t e m p s e n s o rs A H O B O ( R H /a i r - t /l u x )
B HOBO ( R H / a i r - t ) 2 c h
C HOBO 4 c h
D ( t e m p . , R H ) d is p l a >
and lu m ina nce levels are m easured using a lux meter. This
energy con su m p tio n , peak energy dem and, and th e rm a l and
w ill create uniform ly d istrib u te d sky co n d ition s. In sta lla tio n of
visual com fort. The results from th e Energy Plus sim u la tio n s
th e Sky S im ulator, w hich sim u la te s various sky co n d ition s fo r
are presented in graphical and ta b u la r fo rm a t w ith in the
b u ild in g models, is being analyzed fo r cle a r sky conditions.
s im p lifie d user in te rfa ce fo r com parative fe n e s tra tio n design
The system consists of a tu rn ta b le , mirror, and Fresnel lamp.
cases, to help users move tow ards o p tim a l fe n e stra tio n
The b u ild in g design to be analyzed fo r d a ylig h tin g is fixed
design choices fo r th e ir project. The CBERD pro je ct team has
on th e tu rn ta b le 's platform , and th e tu rn ta b le can rotate
developed a COMFEN India version (See Figure 16).
th e m odel a b o u t tw o axes. The tu rn ta b le receives lig h tin g from th e Fresnel lam p a fte r re fle ctio n from th e mirror. The
Sixty-five w e a th e r file s fo r Indian locations have been included
lam p em ulates one sky patch o u t o f th e to ta l 1 4 5 v irtu a l
in th e COMFEN database. Occupancy, lighting, equipm ent,
d ivisions w ith equal area o f th e sky dom e as per Tregenza's
and HVAC schedules have been custom ized to re fle ct the
m odel. The tu rn ta b le rotates th e m odel such th a t th e lam p
daytim e and 2 4 /7 o p e ration o f o ffice b uildings in India. M ore
is positioned in each o f th e 1 4 5 d ivisions o f th e sky dome.
th a n 1 0 0 generic Indian b u ild in g m aterials, w ith th e ir physical
For each division, illu m in a n ce levels are m easured inside th e
properties, have been id e n tifie d to be included in th e COMFEN
space using lux m eters. These m easured readings are then
database. W indow and wall c o n stru ctio n te m p la te s have
com puted to give da ylighting p e rfo rm a n ce o f th e space.
been created to re p re se n t business-as-usual cases o f India, as well as to re p re s e n t ECBC (Energy C onservation B uilding
COMFEN
syste m a tic
C ode)-com pliant cases. W ork has sta rte d on inclusion o f C 02
evaluation o f altern ative fe n e s tra tio n system s fo r project-
is a tool designed to s u p p o rt th e
em issions and m aterial cost-related Indian co n d itions, and
sp e cific
CEPT and LBNL are d e v e lo p in g a n option fo r m o d e lin g e le c tric
co m m ercial
s im p lifie d
b u ild in g a p p lica tio n s.
user interfa ce
th a t focuses
It provides
a tte n tio n
on
a
key
h e a tin g in a d d itio n to c u rre n t gas heating.
variab les in fe n e stra tio n design. U nder th e hood is Energy Plus,
a
so p h isticate d
analysis
engine
th a t
dynam ically
sim u la te s th e e ffects o f th e se key fe n e s tra tio n variables on
15
The U.S. te a m a t LBNL has developed and docu m e nted an a n g u la r tu b e s accessory fo r m e a su rin g a n g u la r pro perties
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
sca tte rin g o f m a teria ls (e.g., shade fabrics). The design
b u ild in g s are th e Haryana Renewable Energy D evelopm ent
d o cu m e n ta tio n consists o f 2-D draw ings (DXF exchange file
Agency (HAREDA) in C handigarh; E nvironm ental S an ita tio n
fo rm a t) and 3-D draw ings (Solid W orks), and a re p o rt d e ta ilin g
In s titu te
th e fa b ric a tio n process, in clu d in g n u m b e r o f CAD and actual
A uditor General (CAG) in Jaipur; Foundation fo r Liberal and
im ages o f a n gula r tu b e s. The re p o rt also in cludes th e step-
M a n a g e m e n t E ducation (FLAME) in Pune; and In stitu te o f
by-step process o f in s ta llin g tu b e s into th e s p e ctro m e te r
Rural Research and D evelopm ent (IRRAD) in New Delhi.
(ESI)
in
A h m edabad;
B uilding
of
C om ptroller
in stru m e n t. The CEPT and LBNL te a m s are w orking w ith Sky S hade and Infosys to characterize laser c u t panels (LCP), w hich have
N ota ble A ch ie ve m e n ts •
D e ta ile d design a n d s p e c ific a tio n o f a g u a rd e d h o t box a n d h yg ro th e rm a l te s t have been pre pared, tra c in g it to ASTM & ISO sta n d a rd s.
3
•
E
The COMFEN India to o l has been custom ized fo r
3 In d ia n c o n d itio n s a n d is p u b lic ly available. •
II
I
have been
id e n tifie d
fo r m o n ito rin g
a n d p e rm is s io n s to access one-year co n tin u o u s
il m
y
B u ild in g s
m o n ito rin g a lo n g w ith s p o t m e a su re m e n ts an d
1 ■" e
■
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
/
i
■ -=i■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ , ■■
~ / § / S 40 1
surveys a re in place.
/
„
Figure 16: COMFEN India version screenshot ca p a b ilitie s to tra n s p o rt da ylig h t into th e b u ild in g flo o r space. These panels will help reduce d e p e n d e n ce on e le c tric lig h t du rin g th e daytim e. W ith th e help o f a photo-goniom eter, th e CBERD te a m is w o rkin g on a b id ire ctio n a l s c a tte rin g d is trib u tio n fu n c tio n (BSDF) to cha ra cte rize LCPs. This will help w ith s im u la tin g LCPs in b u ild in g energy m odels such as Radiance.
R esearch S u b ta s k 3 .ID : Passive D esign The criteria fo r th e se le ctio n o f n a tu ra lly ve n tila te d buildings to
be
m onitored
was d e fin e d , and
a
m a trix listin g all
possible ca ndidate s fo r th e stu d y was prepared. S ite visits to
approxim ately
25
sh o rt-liste d
buildings
Pondicherry were organized. Of th e s e
in
A u ro v ille /
2 5 , six buildings
w ere fu rth e r selected fo r w h o le -b u ild in g m o n ito rin g and tw o selected fo r m o n ito rin g o f a sp e cific strategy. These buildings have been m onitored since A ugust 2 0 1 3 . (See Figure 15)
A lite ra tu re stu dy was conducted to und e rsta n d th e sim u la tio n criteria fo r n a turally ve n tila te d buildings. The CBERD team has id e n tified critica l sim u la tio n in p u ts to su cce ssfu lly s im u la te n a turally ve ntila ted buildings. Using va rio u s stu d ie s fro m th e past, and available know ledge fro m industry, th e values and exten t o f th e se pa ram eters have been fra m e d .
Five buildings w ith unique fe a tu re s fo r stu d yin g passive design fe a tu re s have been selected fo r th e next phase. These
November 2 0 1 2 - March 20 14
16
Subtask 3.2: Advanced Technologies
The objective o f th is s u b ta s k is to re-optim ize e xistin g c o o lin g a n d d e h u m id ific a tio n system a p p ro a ch e s fo r In d ia ’s c o m m e rc ia l/m u lti-fa m ily n e w c o n s tru c tio n m a rke t. The ta s k targets, develops, a n d tests a d va n ce m e n ts in HVAC technology which can s ig n ific a n tly re d u ce en e rg y use in both n a tio n s. A n o th e r objective o f th is s u b ta s k is to ch a ra cterize an d id e n tify h ig h -p e rfo rm a n c e LED system s, id e n tify lig h tin g a p p lic a tio n s in b u ilt e n viro n m e n ts th a t can b e n e fit from LED technology, an d u n d e rs ta n d th e in te ra c tio n o f lig h tin g system s w ith b u ild in g co o lin g system s.
Background S u b ta sk 3 .2 Advanced Technologies, consists of tw o tasks:
practices has been com pleted. A com prehensive m ethodology
(1) Advanced HVAC and (2) A dvanced Lighting.
fo r
In th e
and
e v a lu atin g
th e
pe rfo rm a n ce
of
ch ille rs
has
p repared and circu la te d to HVAC experts fo r A dvanced HVAC task, w ork is be in g conducted to
observations. This
m ethodology,
been
suggestions
besides
eva luating
id e n tify and optim ize existin g co oling and d e h u m id ific a tio n
th e fie ld a sse ssm e n t o f chillers, sim u lta n e o u s ly evaluates
system s, to
m a in te n a n ce practices and historical data fo r th e p a st 12
im prove
m a rke t a c c e p ta b ility
by increasing
efficacy and redu cing com plexity and cost. Through field
m onths.
de m o n stra tio n , th e effica cy o f im provem ents in D edicated O utdoor Air S ystem s Exchangers
(MCHX)
(DOAS) will
be
and
M icro
developed,
C hannel
H eat
A v is it to th e U nderw riters Laboratories (UL) te s t labs a t
deployed,
and
C hennai and Hyderabad was ta ke n to assess th e te s tfa c ilitie s
validated.
fo r ch ille rs and u n ita ry a ir con d ition e rs. UL has offered the use o f th e ir te s t fa c ilitie s until one is available a t MNIT-J.
Team members The ra d ia n t co oling system o ffe rs s ig n ific a n t saving options in chilled w a te r system s. Presently th e in s ta lla tio n s in India
Advanced HVAC team
are lim ited. The s im u la tio n -b a se d analysis o f ra d ia n t system s and va lid a tio n w ith m easured para m e te rs has been carried
Jyotirm ay M athur, L a lit . K. Joshi, MNIT-J
Kam lesh Jagratwal, Pramod Kumar, D harm endra
IIT-B
M ilind Rane
o u t fo r Tech M a h in d ra b u ild in g in Hyderabad (See Figure 17),
and
s im ila r
M ahderekal, P atrick Hughes
is
being conducted
fo r
Infosys
b u ild in g in Hyderabad. As an extension o f innovative ways fo r o p tim izin g ch illed w a te r system s, a ra d ia n t ta b le fo r personalized
M a h a b ir Bhandari, Isaac
w ork
c o o lin g
was
developed
and
e valuation was carried out, both thro u g h
pe rform ance
sim u la tio n
and
v a lid a tio n w ith a ctual d e p loym e n t data. ( See Figure 18).
Advanced Lighting team In th e absence o f Indian c h ille r ra tin g standards, th e c u rre n t RPI CEPT
N adarajah N arendran Rajan Rawal, Agam Shah
d e pendence is on ASHRAE/AHRI standards, w hich are not a p tly
suited
to
Indian
c lim a tic
conditions.
MNIT-J
has
actively p a rtic ip a te d in th e fin a liz a tio n of th e se sta ndard s IIIT-H
Vishal Garg, Hem a R allapalli
Progress so far
fo r th e Indian context. This w ill help in a p p ro p ria te sizing of ch ille rs fo r In d ia ’s c lim a tic conditions. MNIT has conducted c o m fo rt surveys and carried o u t extensive s ta tis tic a l analyses
Subtask 3.2A: Advanced HVAC S u b se q u e n t to a detailed review o f chilled w ater system s
fo r co n ditioned, hybrid, and u n co n d itio n e d buildings in the com posite c lim a tic zone fo r a s se ssm e n t o f energy-saving potential.
in India, ten sites have been id e n tifie d fo r th e pe rfo rm a n ce evaluation o f chilled w ater system s. Data on p a st pe rfo rm a n ce o f chillers is also being collected from in d u stria l p a rtn e rs in CBERD and PACE- R energy c o n s u lta n t’s reports. The initial perfo rm ance asse ssm e n t has been done fo r six locations.
A variety o f non-com pressor DOAS o ptions are available in th e Indian m arket. L iterature review and m a rke t research suggests th a t th e se system s could reduce overall energy co n su m p tio n
in Indian
HVAC system s
by 30% to 80%,
The analysis fra m e w o rk fo r e xisting ch ille rs and prevailing 17
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
Figure 17: A snapshot o f a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for a radiant cooling system at Tech Mahindra. dep e n d in g on th e o u td o o r and in d o or design c o n d itio n s in
o f Lig h ting Engineers provided h a lf th e fu n d s (c o stsh a re ), and
e ffe c t when deployed to tre a t v e n tila tio n air. It is understood
to o k care o f th e logistics o f ru n n in g th e se tw o w orkshops. The
th a t th e savings pote n tia l increases w ith a c o rre sp o nd in g
w orkshops w ere very successful, exceeding th e to ta l nu m ber
increase in o u td o o r dry-bulb te m p e ra tu re (DBT) and dew
o f p a rtic ip a n ts a n ticip ate d . Between Bangalore and Delhi,
p o in t te m p e ra tu re (DPT) or RH. A m ong th e various DOAS
m ore th a n 7 5 people p a rticip a te d .
system s being considered fo r fu rth e r d e ve lo p m e n t are an Airto-Air H eat Exchanger system and Liquid D e sicca n t System
RPI has offered a d m ission and sch o la rsh ip to a
fo r Fresh Air D e hum id ifica tio n .
from India to pursue graduate s tu d ie s in Lighting. The total
s tu d e n t
value o f th e package exceeds $ 7 0 ,0 0 0 fo r th e academ ic Findings from a b rie f lite ra tu re review on th e fe a tu re s and
year 2 0 1 3 /1 4 ). This s tu d e n t w ill w ork on research projects
challenges
re le va n t to th e CBERD program .
of
m icro
channel
heat
exchangers
(MCHX)
suggests th a t w h ils t th e MCHX have th e pote n tia l to reduce th e size, w eight, and co st o f th e evaporator, th e y have had
Notable Achievements
lim ited success in th e fie ld and m a rke t a c c e p ta b ility w ithin India, and m a n u fa ctu re rs have been w ary of a d o p tin g MCHX
•
due to p a st failures.
A review o f th e c u rre n t s ta te o f th e a rt on DOAS an d
MCHX fo r evaporators
in
s m a ll
u n ita ry
system s has been com pleted, to g e th e r w ith an
Subtask 3.2B: Advanced Lighting
in itia l p e rfo rm a n c e a s se ssm e n t o f c h ille d w a ter
As p a rt of th e e s ta b lis h m e n t of th e te s t fa c ility fo r LED lig h tin g system s in six locations.
a t IIIT-H, th e RPI and IIIT-H te a m s are fin a liz in g th e lis t of e q u ip m e n t and th e design of th e te s t setup.
•
The te a m co n d u cte d w ell-received w orkshops on A dvanced L ig h tin g in tw o Indian cities.
Two 2 -day advanced lig h tin g w orkshops w ere conducted in Bangalore and Delhi. In S e p te m b e r 2 0 1 3 , th e Indian S ociety
Figure 18: An experimental radiant cooling table for personalised cooling.
November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
18
Subtask 3.3: Comfort Studies Major/Key Research Objectives
The p rim a ry o bjective o f th is ta s k is to develop m e th o d o lo g y p ro to co ls, a n d te chniques fo r th e s tu d y o f h u m a n th e rm a l c o m fo rt in a clim a te c h a m b e r a n d in c o m m e rc ia l b u ild in g s in India.
Background This su b ta sk
has tw o
key activitie s: (1) Post-occupancy
evaluation o f buildings em ploying a b u ild in g user survey, and (2) D evelopm ent o f an a daptive th e rm a l c o m fo rt tool linked to sim u la tio n tools.
Team members
Rajan R a w a l, Sanyogita M anu,
CEPT
Yash S hukla, Agam Shah
M N IT-J
Jyotirm ay M a th u r
U C B -C BE
Gail Brager
Progress so far CEPT and UC Berkeley have conducted a lite ra tu re review of conventional and advanced o ffice design a ttrib u te s fo r five Indian clim ates. Data on existing m ethods fo r assessing in su lation o f Indian clo th in g (clo) has been gathered.
For th e
sub jective
assessm ents,
an
o n lin e
survey tool
developed by th e C enter fo r th e B u ilt E nvironm ent (CBE) a t UC Berkeley is being used. This survey has previously been deployed in over 6 0 0 buildings, and th e data collected will provide a unique b e nch m a rk fo r c o m p a rin g th e pe rfo rm a n ce of U.S. buildings. The survey tool is being contextualized fo r India, and a p ilot survey is being a d m in iste re d . C riteria fo r selection o f buildings to survey have been esta b lishe d .
Figure 19: Thermal Comfort Chamber relative h u m id ity from 20% to 80% , along w ith ch a nging air d is trib u tio n p a tte rn s as well as a ir speed . These co n d ition s are
m a in ta in e d
various type
of
exp e rim e n ta tio n ,
and
sp e cifica tio n s,
and has id e n tified the research q u e stio n s fo r th e ch a m b e r experim ents.
S p e cifica tio n s
of
system s,
hardw are,
m onitored
by
so p h isticate d
air
th e TCC is to c o n d u c t e xperim ents to evaluate th e im pa ct of
The CBERD team has conducted a lite ra tu re stu d y o f existing cham bers,
and
c o n d itio n in g system s and control devices. The purpose o f
and
so ftw a re required fo r th e ch a m b e r have been fo rm u la te d . Indian researchers have received tra in in g in th e design and
indoor
e n viro n m e n ta l
co n d itio n s
on
o ccu p a n t
c o m fo rt, productivity, etc. Individuals p a rtic ip a tin g in th e s tu d y would s it a t one o f fo u r w o rksta tio n s in TCC and experience th e rm a l c o n d itio n s s e t by th e research team . At th e end o f th e e xperim ent, they will ta ke a survey and provide q u a n tita tiv e and q u a lita tiv e fe e d b a ck a b o u t th e ir experience.
operatio n o f th e cham ber, exp e rim e n ta l protocols, and survey design and a d m in istra tio n .
Notable Achievements CEPT and th e CBE team have prepared a de ta iled design and sp e cifica tion fo r a T herm al C om fort C ham ber
The C om fort S tudies
team s a t UC B erkeley a n d
(TCC).
TCC is a specially designed ch a m b e r m e a su rin g 5 m x 4 m
CEPT have jo in tly fin a liz e d th e survey q u e stio n n a ire
x 3 m, re p re se ntin g a typical o ffice space. (See F ig u re 1 9 ).
a n d w ill begin p ro g ra m m in g so th a t it is re ady fo r
The cha m b e r can precisely sim u la te a w ide range o f indoor
im p le m e n ta tio n .
en viro nm en tal co n d ition s w ith te m p e ra tu re s ranging from 1 5 ° C to 3 5 ° C a n d
19
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
4.0: Supplem ental Applications A ctivitie s o f th is ta s k a re to (1) Explore th e g rid responsiveness a n d re n e w a b le in te g ra tio n fo r c o m m e rc ia l b uildings, (2) C oordinate R&D e xp e rtise a n d in d u s try fo r b u ild in g in te g ra te d p h o to vo lta ic (BIPV) te ch n o lo g y d e ve lo p m e n t a nd its a p p lica tio n in roof, wall, a n d w in d o w -m o u n te d versions. A n o th e r objective is to p re p a re fin a l s p e c ific a tio n s fo r p u b lic d isse m in a tio n , p re p a ra tio n o f g u id e lin e s a n d re n e w a b le e n e rg y (RE) p ro d u c ts th a t are re a d y fo r deploym ent. (3) C onduct a trip le b o tto m lin e co s t analysis o f b u ild in g en e rg y e ffic ie n c y system s a n d technologies.
Background This w ork ta s k is divided into th re e su btasks: (1) Grid-
id e n tific a tio n o f th e key sectors fo r in te rve n tio n to b olster grid
Responsive Buildings, (2) R enewable Integration, and (3)
responsiveness. These a ctivitie s w ill help develop integrated
C ost O ptim ization o f Energy Efficiency. The grid-responsive
b u ild in g te ch n o lo g ie s fo r both energy e fficie n cy and needs of
and connected b u ild in g a p p lica tio n is th e key to lin k energy
th e
S m a rt Grid.The
te a m
has
conducted
an
extensive
efficie n cy and daily operations, such as d em and response
lite ra tu re review o f S m a rt Grid in itia tiv e s /p ro je c ts in India
(DR),
and
to
achieve
e le c tric ity
re lia b ility
and
ope ra tio n a l
efficie n cie s throu gh CBERD b u ild in g technologies.
in ternationally,
d em and
response
a u to m a tio n
Team members
grid-responsive
and
(AutoDR),
control
buildings,
autom ate d
and
various
b uilding
te ch n o lo g ie s
system s
. A load
survey of various in s titu tio n a l buildings, m alls, com m ercial buildings, hospital buildings, hotel buildings, and others has been
LBNL
Girish G h a tika r
IIM-A
Dr. Am it Garg
IIT-B
Dr. M ilind Rane
com pleted.
A
grid-
responsive
b u ild in g
(GRB)
im p le m e n ta tio n d ra ft proposal has been prepared.
4.2 Renewable Integration B IP V /building-applied
PV
(BAPV)
te ch n o lo g y
has
been
sh o rt-liste d by th e U.S. and Indian in s titu tio n a l partn e rs as Dr. Jyotirm ay M athur, L a lit K. MNIT-J
Joshi, K am lesh Jagratwal, S u m it Sharm a, D h arm endra Kumar, S anjay K um aw at
CEPT
th e m ain focus area fo r renew able in te g ra tio n in buildings to increase th e energy yield. To leverage th e o p p o rtu n ity of using BIPV products in th e u p co m in g new fa c ility o f indu stria l p a rtn e r REIL a t Jaipur (scheduled by 2 0 1 4 ), th e design of
Rajan Rawal, Agam Shah, Sanyogita
various early-stage BIPV prototypes has been undertaken.
M anu
T h e ir pe rfo rm a n ce m o n ito rin g w ould be done by MNIT-J. S om e o f th e prototype designs are shown in Figure 2 0
CMU
Vivian Loftness, Rohini
below.
Progress so far For c o n ce p t va lid a tio n , and to te s t th e
4.1 Grid-Responsive Buildings This activity has produced a fra m e w o rk to integrate b u ild in g techn olo gie s to th e S m a rt Grid thro u g h collaborative know ledge and in d u stry p a rtn e rsh ip s, in clu d in g
pe rform a nce
of
BIPV/BAPV system s, an in-house design o f a “fle x ila b ” has been developed (Figure 21). The te s t fa c ility w ould enable researchers to fo r e c a s t th e energy yield o f co nfig u ra tio n s at
d iffe re n t
o rie n ta tio n s /d ire c tio n s ,
and
th e
e ffe c t
on
in d o or d a ylighting
fixed Overhang
Figure 20: A BIPV prototype developed and being monitored November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
20
1'- 0 "
I
----- 3'-8'-----''-----3'-8"-----
3'-8"
----- ' I
I------------------------------------12------------------------------------
1
—
~\
NORTHERN ELEVATION (8 NOS. OF 1200 X 550 MM PV PANEL) SOUTHERN ELEVATION (8 NOS. OF 1200 X 550 MM PV PANEL)
Figure 21: ‘Flexilab’ in-house faciiity for testing BiPV/BAPV system and altered
h e a tin g /c o o lin g
needs due to
use o f BIPV
products. A dditionally, the perform ance evaluation of existin g RE system s has been conducted a t ten locations.
Notable Achievements 1.
D esigns have been evolved fo r Innovative BIPV
4.3 Cost Optimization
p ro d u c ts like overhangs (flexible & fixe d types)
The United N a tio n's ICLEI Triple Bottom Line standard, th e
an d d o u b le skin.
d o m in a n t public-se cto r fu ll-c o s t a cco u n tin g tool, has been
2.
id e n tified as th e fra m e w o rk o f choice to re fle c t th e ben e fits
u tilisa tio n
o f investing in e n ergy-efficie n t te ch n o lo g ie s in India and th e United
S tates.
C ost-effectiveness
will
be
m easured
ca lcu la tio n s
th a t
re fle c t
econom ic,
e nvironm ental,
and
in
b u ild in g s
has
fo r
e n h a n ce d RE
been
d one
in
co n fe re n ce s a n d se m in a rs in India.
in
sim ple payback and n e t p re se n t values, in th re e successive
D isse m in a tio n o f kn o w ledge
3.
CBERD-MNITJ have a sso cia te d w ith REIL a t the b u ild in g design stage fo r d e ve lop in g th e fa c ility as
hum an benefits. n e t z e ro /n e a r n e t zero th ro u g h im proved design Em issions data fo r CO , SO , and NO from coal-fired plants 2
a n d e n h a n c e d use o f in novative BIPV p ro d u cts to
2
in India have been collected. In Year 2 of th is project,
show case RE o p p o rtu n itie s in b uildings.
c o lla boration w ith oth e r pro je cts a t LBNL should provide e nvironm e ntal d ata on
p a rtic u la te
em issions
and
w ater
use from coal power plants.
C onventional and advanced o ffice a ttrib u te s fo r five clim ates in India have been id e n tified , and th e b u ild in g sto ck has been classified as H istoric (Colonial era); Indigenous C lim ateResponsive; Rapid Low-Cost, and M odern High-Technology buildings.
The nature o f c lo th in g in Indian clim a te s has been assessed in co lla boratio n w ith Task 3.3. T h a t a sse ssm e n t may change c o n d itio n in g prioritie s
in o ffice s in d iffe re n t clim a te s of
India, including: th e te m p e ra tu re s a t w hich c o o lin g m ig h t be needed; th e v ia b ility o f na tu ra l ve n tila tio n and fan cooling; and th e a b ility to e lim ina te heating.
To create a repository o f passive design te ch n iq u e s th a t can be prom oted in th e U.S. and India, passive design strategies beneficial to achieving energy e fficie n cy and th e rm a l c o m fo rt in Indian bu ild ing s have been id e n tified .
21
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
5.0: Scientific Collaboration
The objective fo r th is ta s k is to c o n d u c t s c ie n tific c o lla b o ra tio n fo r d e ve lop m e n t o f R&D e d u ca tio n a n d a d va nce m ent. CBERD’s p la n s in c lu d e co n sid e ra tio n a n d analysis o f such c o lla b o ra tio n , w hich is c u rre n tly la c k in g a n d is a key b a rrie r to th e a d va n ce m e n t o f b u ild in g energy e fficiency.
period
Background
of
fo u r
w eeks
to
w ork
jo in tly
on
the
W indows and Daylighting,
S cie n tific co llab oratio n fo cu se s on a d v a n c e m e n t o f R&D education and cre a tin g pathw ays to w a rd s d e p lo ym e n t o f the R&D com ing o u t o f CBERD.
S c ie n tific c o lla b o ra tio n
C o m fo rt
is
subtasks.
unde rsto od as a key b a rrie r to th e a d v a n c e m e n t o f buildings
cham ber,
a ctivity is d is tin c t from w orkforce d e ve lo p m e n t or capacity
m ethods
researcher from
und ersta nd th e skills needed a t various levels, and th e
2013
e n ga gem e nt o f our a ca d e m ic p a rtn e rs (e.g., UCB, CMU,
was
Design tra in e d
R&D in
the
to
w ork
of
data
and
data
MNIT
visited
jo in tly
on
collection,
analysis.
A nother
ORNL
O ctober
th e
in
Advanced
HVAC
subtask.
CEPT, IIM-A) and d e p lo ym e n t partner, N exant will help us any
Passive
researcher
in stru m e n ta tio n ,
bu ild in g th a t are both d e p loym e n t specific. CBERD p a rtn e rs
in clu d in g
The
and
design and o p eration o f a co n tro lle d e n viro n m e n t
energy efficiency, ed ucate b u ild in g energy s ta k e h o ld e rs This
develop tra in in g and curricula,
S tudies,
necessary A ca le n d a r o f c o n fe re n ce s/w o rksh o p s th a t can be
s tu d e n t and R&D s ta ff exchange, w hile ke eping in m ind
leveraged
in te lle ctu a l property issues and g o ve rn m e n t policies.
has
been
developed
to
dissem inate
research fin d in g s o f various te ch n ica l tasks.
Team members
LBNL
R eshm a Singh
CEPT
Rajan Rawal
Indian te am
W hite
papers, jo u rn a l
been
prepared
or
papers,
and
s u b m itte d
fo r
re ports th e
have
various
te ch n ica l tasks, such as S im u la tio n and M odeling, M o n ito rin g
and
B enchm arking,
Cool
Roofs,
and
Advanced HVAC.
M ilind Rane (IIT-B), Jyotirm ay
N o ta b le A c h ie v e m e n ts
M a th u r (MNIT-J), Vishal Garg (MIT_H), A m it Garg (IIM-A). M ona
•
L a u nched P roject Pier, a p ro je c t co lla b o ra tio n
D octor (CSR) tool US te am
Gail Brager, Francesco Borelli (UCB), Vivian Loftness (CMU), Naren N arendran (RPI)
•
Released 1 3 jo in t p u b lic a tio n s a n d p a p ers
•
C onducted six pro d u ctive re s e a rc h e r exchanges
•
H eld tw o w ell-received w orkshops in India on so lid -sta te lig h tin g
Progress so far An internal co llabora tio n tool, th e “P roject P ier” has been constructed. This w ill enable p a rtic ip a n ts to share CBERD m a n a g e m e n t and R&D docum ents, and it w ill be a repository o f ongoing reports, deliverables, and publications.
A to ta l o f six research exchanges have occurred. Researchers from th e Indian in s titu tio n s MNIT-J and IIIT-H have visited the U.S. and tra in e d w ith LBNL and ORNL experts on hygrotherm al lab oratory equipm ent, s im u la tio n /m o d e lin g , and cool-roof e q u ip m e n t te s tin g protocols.
A CEPT researcher visited
November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
UCB and
LBNL fo r a
22
th e Advanced HVAC system s R&D te a m
Key Outcomes
included the
c reation of a new m ethodology fo r c h ille r perform ance
The firs t year-and-a-half o f CBERD a ctivity has strongly
e valuation.
em phasized th e creation o f a v ib ra n t co n so rtiu m o f 11 R&D
S tu d ie s R&D te a m included new m ethods fo r assessing
partners,
Indian c lo th in g (clo) values fo r adaptive th e rm a l com fort.
over 3 0
in d u stry partners,
and
o rganizational
The
research
o utcom e
of
th e
C om fort
partn e rs in both countries. CBERD is g a in in g m o m e n tu m in jo in t research
and
co lla b o ra tio n ,
and
is s e ttin g o u t
tow ards achieving its te ch n ica l goals. CBERD h a s placed
a
s u b sta n tia l
colla borative throu gh
focus
on
in itia tin g
re la tio n s h ip
w ith
sessions,
o n going
w ork
d e ve lop m e n t
of
m anagem ent
plan
an
fo r
m anagem ent
plan).
In
its
in d u stry
com m on
in te lle ctu a l
p a rtn e rs
to
th e
and
technology
p ro p e rty
(an
m a jo r
C. T ec h n o lo g y D e v e lo p m e n t:
also
productive
c o m m u n ica tio n s,
over-arching
a d d ition
a
IP
th ru s t
The
C ontrols
and
C o m m u n ica tio n
R&D
team
developed a new, s m a rt, w ireless lu m in a ire co n tro lle r w ith
te m p e ra tu re ,
occupancy
illu m in a n ce ,
sensors,
Also
e le ctrica l
developed
power,
and
was a low -cost
energy m eter th a t logs energy d ata fo r th e connected device,
p ro d u cin g
a lg o rith m s
to
id e n tify load types
dedicated to m anag ing and co o rd in a tin g a p ro je ct of th is
plugged into an o u tle t based on device-level m etering.
m agnitude, researchers in both c o u n trie s have co llaborated
There is o n g oing technology d e ve lo p m e n t in th e area
to co n d u ct jo in t R&D, w ith first-ye a r co n trib u tio n s tow ards
o f advanced HVAC system s th a t includes a new micro-
te chnical
R&D
outcom es,
research
exchanges
and
w orkshops, and publicatio n s, as d e ta iled below.
channel
h e a t exchanger fo r use
in a u n ita ry HVAC
system , w hich is b e ing developed in co o rd ina tion w ith a cost-share partner. The U.S. te a m provided technical assistance to th e Indian te a m on th e d e velopm ent of
Technical R&D Outcomes
e q u ip m e n t and in s tru m e n ts fo r th e purpose o f b uilding te s t beds a t Indian te a m in s titu tio n s . This included:
The R&D outcom es fo r each ta s k /s u b ta s k are categorized
(1) a n g u la r tu b e s s p e c tro m e te r accessory prototypes
by co n trib u tio n s in energy analysis and tools, m ethodologies
fo r accurate w in d o w s /d a y lig h tin g m e asurem ents,
and m odels, and tech no lo g y developm ent.
(2)
guarded hot-box and hygrotherm al fa cilitie s,
and (3) a fa u lt dete ctio n and dia g no stics lab.
A. Energy Analysis and Tools The S im u la tio n and M o d e lin g R&D te a m developed a s e m i a utom ated
tool
fo r
M odel
Predictive
C ontrol
based
on
EnergyPlus fo r low-energy co oling system s (e.g., ra d ia n t and n ig h tflu s h -n a tu ra l ven tila tion ), w hich w ill be fie ld -te ste d in th e cost-share p a rtn e r fa cilitie s . The Envelope / Passive Design R&D te a m ’s outcom es included an early stage, web-based, w indow s and fagade op tim iza tio n tool; W inO pt developm ent; jo in t de ve lop m e n t of new COMFEN-lndia; and a cool roof ca lcu la tor updated to o p tim ize use of ra d ia n t barriers, bulk insulation, and reflective ro o fin g to save energy and money.
B. Methodologies and Models The M o n ito rin g
and
B e n ch m a rkin g
R&D
team
developed a roadm ap fo r a d va n cin g s ta te -o f-th e -a rt b u ild in g
energy
included
th e
b e n ch m a rkin g
b e n c h m a rk in g
in
India.
This
d e ve lo p m e n t o f a b u ild in g energy data
collection
te m p la te
th a t
is
un d e r review by th e Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
for
the
purposes
of
deployment.
b e n ch m a rkin g m odel fo r hotels and
A
new
h ospitals in
India was developed th a t w ould also inform th e U.S. b e n ch m a rkin g models. This te a m also developed a d ata centre EIS guide, w hich is a m ethodology fo r se le ctin g
and
in sta llin g
an
app ro p ria te
energy
in fo rm a tio n system in data centres. An o utcom e of
23
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
Research Exchanges and Workshops In
by
unde rsta n d th e e q u ip m e n t and te s tin g protocols used by
repre sentatives from five o f th e six Indian R&D in s titu tio n s
February
2013,
LBNL
hosted
a
tw o-day
v is it
LBNL fo r cool roofs; and th e other, fo r fa u lt detection and
(CEPT, IIT-B, IIIT-H, MNIT-J, and GSR). They reviewed th e
diagnosis in sim u la tio n tools.
scope and respective w ork products and also fa m ilia rize d
•
the m selves w ith researchers from both countries.
A researcher from CEPT was sta tio n e d fo r fo u r weeks a t UCB and
LBNL to w ork on W indow s/D aylighting,
Therm al C om fort, and Passive Design R&D subtasks. The RPI provided tw o 2-day interactive
researcher was tra in e d in th e design and o peration o f a
w orkshops in India, focused on solid-state lighting, fo r lig h tin g
In S e ptem b er 2 0 1 3 ,
co n tro lle d e n v iro n m e n t cham ber, as well as in m ethods
professionals and stakeholders. The w orkshops were co
of data collection, in stru m e n ta tio n , and data analysis. A
sponsored by th e Indian S ociety of Lig h ting Engineers (ISLE)
researcher from MNIT visited ORNL to w ork on Advanced HVAC sub- task.
and CBERD U.S. DOE. The w orkshops increased a tte n d e e s ’ know ledge
and
aw areness o f e n e rg y-efficie n t solid-state
lig h tin g technologies, a p p lica tio n ,
and design strategies.
•
A researcher from MNIT visited ORNL to w ork on the Advanced HVAC subtask.
They also allowed in fo rm a tio n exchange on th e la te s t LED developm ents; LED p ro d u c t c h a ra c te ris tic and pe rfo rm a n ce needs fo r successful in d o or and o u td o o r lig h tin g a p p lica tio n s in com m ercial buildings in India; and LED lig h tin g standards and recom m ended practices in th e U.S. and India.
In
order to
be tte r
collab oration , engage
th e
PACE-D
fa c ilita te U.S.
PACE-R
and
p a rtn e r
Indian
Nexant,
and
CMOs
and
PACE-D
c on tin u e
have
to
conducted
m eetings and w ork sessions to id e n tify d e p loym e n t pathways to
d issem in ate
CBERD
research
thro u g h
PACE-D
in fra stru ctu re .
CBERD in d u stry
p a rtn e r S ch n e id e r
E lectric co llaborated
w ith th e Indian and U.S. research and d e ve lo p m e n t team in d e velopm en t a n d Relative
to
C urre n t
preparation S tate
of
o f “Gap Analysis
th e
A rt
in
Indian
B e n ch m a rkin g ” .
U.S. experts from LBNL and ORNL visited India to provide te ch nica l guidance to th e India te a m fo r d e ve lo p m e n t of physical in fra stru ctu re fo r th e rm o p h ysica l and hygrotherm al te s tin g fa cilitie s. They also conducted w ork sessions on m o n ito rin g /b e n c h m a rk in g
w ith
CEPT
University.
charette was held in New Delhi betw een th e
An
EIS
R&D and
in d u stry pa rtn e rs to leverage U.S. p a rtn e r expertise in energy in fo rm a tio n system s.
Gail B rager o f CBE visited a ctivitie s
on
th e rm a l
CEPT U niversity to
c o m fo rt
research,
w h ils t
advance Rohini
Srivastava, of CMU, visited CEPT U niversity to advance w ork on cost-optim isation.
There have also been m u ltip le visits by Indian te a m m em bers to th e U.S. institu tio n s, as described below: •
Indian in d u stry p a rtn e r Skyshade visited RPI-LRC to get tra in in g on hygrotherm al la b o ra to ry equipm ent.
•
Two IIIT-Hyderabad s ta ff m em bers visited LBNL; one to
November 2 0 1 2 - March 2014
24
Publications R&D Work Task 2.0 1.
Garg, Vishal, K s h itij C handrasen, Jyo tirm a y M a th ur,
10.
S urekha Tetali, an d A kshey Jawa. "D evelopm ent and P e rform ance E valuation o f a M ethodology, Based on
In d ia ." 2 0 1 4 .
D istrib u te d C om puting, fo r S p e e d in g EnergyPlus
11. “O p tim izin g
S im u la tio n ." B u ild in g S im u la tio n . 2.
B runsw ick, S am uel, P hilip Haves, a n d Kevin S ettlem yre. "Sim ergy In te rfa ce s fo r Low Energy S ystem D esign." US -
India
C entre
fo r
B u ild in g
Energy
Research
and
D evelopm ent. A p ril 14, 2 0 1 3 . h ttp ://c b e r d .o r g /. 3.
M ath ew , Paul, R eshm a Singh, S a ke t S arraf, S h ilp i A nand,
Yash
S hukla,
and
E nergy B e n ch m a rk in g in
S atish
K um ar.
In d ia : An
"B uilding
Plan A ctio n
fo r
A d va n cin g th e S tate-of-the-A rt." 2 0 1 4 . 4.
S ingh, R eshm a, Rod M ahdavi, P aul M athew , Jessica G randerson, an d Yash S hukla. "G uidelines fo r D ata
Cheung,
Iris,
S teven
Lanzisera,
and
Vishal
Garg.
"Evaluation o f th e M a rk e t a n d P roducts E n a b lin g Energy E fficiency Lighting, Plug-loads, a n d HVAC in B u ild in g s." 2014. 6.
Chuang,
F.
"P erform ance
G uarantees
fo r
C ertainty
E quivalence C ontrol w ith U ncertain L in e a r D yn a m ica l S ystem s. A p p lica tio n to Low Energy HVAC S ystem s." 7.
Haves, Philip, Sam B runsw ick, Kevin S e ttle m yre , and Z orana
Bosnic.
"W orkflow
fo r
th e
Use
of
Energy
M o d e lin g in Low Energy D esign." 2 0 1 3 .
In su la tio n
fo r
Roofs
w ith
High
12. "C oating an d R a d ia n t B a rrie rs in In d ia " 13.
Rane,
M ilin d
V.,
S hreyas
Chavan.
“DOAS
with
E vaporative P re co o lin g o f E xhaust A ir U sing R o ta tin g C o n ta ctin g
D evice."
In te rn a tio n a l
P aper
C onference
p re s e n te d on
Energy
at
th e
and
First In d o o r
E n viro n m e n t fo r H ot C lim ates, Doha, Qatar, February 2 4 -2 6 , 2 0 1 4 . 13. Rane, M ilin d V., Shreyas Chavan. “ In d ire c t E vaporative P recooling o f Fresh A ir u sin g H eat Exchangers with
In te rn a tio n a l
C onference
on
Energy
and
In d o o r
E n viro n m e n t fo r H ot C lim ates, Doha, Qatar, February 2 4 -2 6 , 2 0 1 4 . 14. Rane, M ilin d V., Shreyas Chavan. M u lti U tility E vaporative C ooler w ith D ia b a tic C o n ta ctin g Device. ” P aper pre s e n te d a t th e First In te rn a tio n a l C onference on Energy a n d In d o o r E n viro n m e n t fo r H ot C lim ates, Doha, Qatar, F ebruary 2 4 -2 6 , 2 0 1 4 . 15. M a th u r, J., Vaibhav Rai Khare, Yasin Khan, M a h a b ir B h andari. “ R a d ia n t c o o lin g syste m : A case s tu d y o f a sse ssm e n t o f energy savings in an o ffice b u ild in g. “ P aper pre s e n te d a t th e 3 rd N a tio n a l C onference on
R&D Work Task 3.0 8.
Roof
A lb e d o "
E nhanced Flow Passage." P aper p re s e n te d a t th e First
C enter Energy In fo rm a tio n S ystem s." 2 0 1 3 . 5.
Tetali, S. e t al. “ E ffect o f R o o f In su la tio n on Energy C onsum ption in O ffice B u ild in g s w ith Cool Roofs in
D esjarlais, A ndre, K a u s h ik Biswas, R ajan Rawal, and Yash S hukla. "Use o f E xte rio r In su la tio n S ystem s to
R e frig e ra tio n a n d A ir C onditioning., M adras, Chennai, D e ce m b e r 1 2 -1 4 , 2 1 0 3 .
R educe B u ild in g Energy D e m a n d ." 2 0 1 3 . 9.
S lack, Jo natha n, D. C harlie Curcija, a n d Jacob Johnsson. "A ngular Tubes S p e c tro m e te r A ccessory." 2013.
R&D Work Task 4.0 16. Basu, C handrayee, Girish
G hatikar, P ra te e k Bansal.
“E n a b lin g E fficie n t, R esponsive, a n d R e silie n t B u ild ings: A C ollaboration B etw een th e U nited S tates a n d In d ia ." P aper p re s e n te d a t th e IEEE G reat Lakes S ym posium on S m a rt Grid a n d th e N ew Energy Econom y, Chicago, Illin o is,S e p te m b e r,2 3 -2 5 ,2 0 1 3
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
Key Next Steps Task 2.0: Building Information Technology a. Develop
T-24
rule
sets
Supplemental Applications
fo r th e
Sim ergy
•
im p le m e n ta tio n o f th e CEC SDK, 9 0 .1 . rule sets fo r
provided in M&D: 1 April 2 0 1 5 thro u g h 3 0 S ep tem b er
CEO SDK and alpha version of th e EnergyPlus GUI w ith code com p lia n ce fe a tu re s and s u p p o rt fo r low
2015. •
D eterm ine th e e ffe c t of cool roof and in sulation. W ork
•
C haracterize 6 3 sam ples from Asa hi India Glass Lim ited
energy design using hybrid v e n tila tio n b.
will resum e as p e rth e sch e d u le provided in M & D (2015).
P ilot EIS selection and sp e cifica tio n guide fo r data centres and extend to o th e r co m m ercial buildings
and 1 3 0 sam ples from S aint-G obain Glass India fo r th e ir
fo r use in US and Indian data centers.
Develop
optical properties.
advanced
hospital
a lg o rith m s
fo r
hotel and
•
benchm arking. c.
M inim ize roof glare. W ork w ill s ta rt as per th e schedule
Deploy
a
sta b le
version
US, co n d u ct p re lim in a ry
of
th e
b u ild in g
m o n ito rin g
analysis
re p o rt
of
th e
perform ance
inte g ra tio n
of
buildings.
data •
th e
data
e xp e rim e n t
to
from be
th e
plug
conducted
load in
BIPV products. •
Produce a design d o c u m e n t o f evolved BIPV products for d isse m in a tio n and a d a p ta tio n by industry.
HIT •
Hyderabad.
Fabricate c o n ce p t va lid a tio n BIPV te s t lab a t MNIT-J and co n d u c t a p e rfo rm a n ce a sse ssm e n t of evolved innovative
EnLighted
and Honeywell b u ild in g system s w ith th is p latform analyze
an
a sse ssm e n t o f th e a p p lica tio n o f BIPV/BAPV products in
exchange and co n tro ls p la tfo rm in both India and th e
and
Produce
Produce a jo in t te ch n ica l re p o rt title d “S coping study to lin k b u ild in g te ch n o lo g ie s to S m a rt Grid needs and in te g ra tio n of b u ild in g control system s to supply-side ”
Task 3.0: Building Physical Systems d.
Begin natura l exposure o f Indian ro o fin g products
•
tech n o lo g ie s to “S m a rt Grid needs and inte gra tion of
sh o rtly to provide th re e years o f na tu ra l exposure
b u ild in g control system s to su p p ly-sid e ”
w ith in th e CBERD tim e fra m e . The in itia l and aged values of so la r re fle cta n ce and th e rm a l e m itta n ce
•
e.
•
in d u stry as well. G ather cost, pe rfo rm a n ce sp ecification ,
sold in India and s u b m it th e m fo r inclusion in th e
and b e n e fit in fo rm a tio n from th o se industries.
In te rn a tio n a l G lazing D atabase (IGDB) and extension
f.
•
Provide advice on th e re fin e m e n t o f te s t bed design
Refine th e
ch a ra cte rizatio n
s im u la te d or m easured energy savings (firs t bottom line).
o f a range o f m ixed
•
five regions (second bottom line).
e q u ip m e n t and w e a th e r stations. Finalize
review o f sim u la tio n
crite ria fo r n a tu ra lly
•
In itia te research on hum an b e n e fits th a t m ig h t be gained thro u g h th e se energy conservation m easures (future
ven tilate d buildings. i.
In itia te se co n d-bottom -line ca lcu la tio n s w ith GHG and w ater costs fo r th e co rre sp o n d in g energy sources in the
m ode b u ild in g types in India and procure m o n ito rin g
h.
In itia te a co s t-b e n e fit analysis, inclusive o f technology firs t costs, known o p e ra tio n and m a in te n a n ce costs, and
and gu idance on th e fa b ric a tio n of a n g u la r tubes. g.
Illu stra te th e range of te ch n o lo g ie s th a t are or can be available in th e Indian context, w ith value to th e U.S
C ontinue fu rth e r ch a ra cte rizatio n of glass products
o f COMFEN fe a tu re s th a t b e n e fit In d ia ’s team .
Technologies and sta n d a rd s to integrate b u ild in g energy efficie n cy fo r grid-responsiveness.
w ill be used to ca librate a la b o ra to ry m ethod of accelerated aging su ita b le fo r Indian clim ates.
Technical jo in t re p o rt title d “S c o p in g s tu d y to lin k b uilding
Develop new layouts and
design
th ird bottom line). A user sa tis fa c tio n survey in existing
nom ographs fo r
Indian buildings w ith v a ria tio n s in s h a d e /d a y lig h t and
Earth Air Tunnels, w hich w ould be a p p lica b le to U.S.
ele ctric lig h t responses may provide insights into the
buildings as well.
hum an b e n e fits o f th e se technologies. j. Revise th e online survey form fo r th e Indian context. k.
Task 5.0: Scientific Collaboration
S e le ct b uildings fo r th e d e p loym e n t o f th e online survey.
•
Develop
•
C ontinue to expand researcher and gra d u ate s tu d e n t
•
C ontinue to w rite and publish w hite papers, p re se ntation s
I. C on duct in itia l d e p loym e n t o f th e online c o m fo rt survey in p ilo t buildings, to te s t new m ethods. m.
C ontinue
on going
design
and
c o n stru ctio n
n.
C o nduct d e m o n stra tio n and tra in in g of th e N ational
co lla b o ra tio n
w ith
outcom es
d e p loym e n t p a rtn e r Nexant.
of
Therm al C o m fo rt C ham ber a t CEPT.
stro n g e r
exchanges.
and jo in t publications.
E nvironm ental A sse ssm e n t T oolkit (NEAT) physical in s tru m e n ta tio n from CMU.
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
References " Energy E fficiency Im provem ents in C om m ercial Buildings: A P rogram m atic Fram ew ork fo r EE in India." United N ations D e ve lo p m e n t P rogram m e. Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .u n d p .o rg /c o n te n t/d a m /in d ia /d o c s /e n e rg y e fficie n cy im p ro ve m e n ts in co m m ercial build ings p ro je ct d o c u m e n t.p d f. "R eport on 1 7 th E lectric Power Survey of India." C entral E lectricity Authority, M in is try o f Power, G overnm en T of India. Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://p o w e rm in .g o v .in /g e n e ra tio n /p d f/1 7 th EPS.pdf. “W orld Energy O utlook 2 0 1 1 ." In te rn a tio n a l Energy Agency. Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .ie a .o rg /p u b lic a tio n s /fre e p u b lic a tio n s /p u b lic a tio n /w e o 2 0 1 1 web, p d f. Rao, N arasim ha, G irish S ant, S u d h ir Chella Rajan, Ashwin G am bhir, and Gayatri Gadag. "An Overview of Indian Energy Trends: Low Carbon G rowth and D e ve lo p m e n t C hallenges." C lim atew orks. Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .c lim a te w o rk s .o rg /im o /m e d ia /d o c /p ra y a s -2 0 0 9 .p d f. Coffey, Brian, Sam Borgeson, S tephen S elkow itz, Joshua Apte, Paul M athew , and Philip Haves. "Towards a Very Low-energy B u ild in g Stock: M o d e lin g th e US C om m ercial B u ild in g S ector to S u p p o rt Policy and Innovation P lanning." B u ild in g R esearch & In fo rm a tio n 6 1 0 , no. 24. "Annual Energy O u tlo o k 2 0 1 2 . W ith P rojections up to 2 0 3 5 ." U.S. Energy In fo rm a tio n A d m in istra tio n . 2 0 1 2 . Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .e ia .g o v /fo re c a s ts /a e o /p d f/0 3 8 3 (2 0 1 2 ).p d f. "Annual Energy O u tlo o k 2 0 1 2 , Data Table A5: C om m ercial S e cto r Key In d ica to rs and C onsum ption." U.S. Energy In fo rm a tio n A d m in istra tio n . 2 0 1 2 . Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://w w w .e ia .g o v /fo re c a s ts /a e o /p d f/tb la 5 .p d f. S arraf, S aket, SS Anand, and S u d h ir Chella G upta. "ECO III R eport 1 0 4 2 - B e n ch m a rkin g Energy C onsum ption in Buildings: P relim inary Data Analysis." USAID India Energy C onservation and C o m m ercialization. 2 0 1 1 . Accessed N ovem ber 20, 2 0 1 3 . h ttp ://e c o 3 .o rg /w p co n te n t/p lu g in s /d o w n lo a d s -m a n a g e r/u p lo a d /D a ta Analvsis-R eport No. 1 0 4 2 .p d f. "B u ild in g Technologies Program M ulti-Y ear W ork Plan 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 ." U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Energy Energy E fficiency and R enewable Energy. 2 0 1 1 . Accessed April 20, 2 0 1 4 . h ttp ://a p p s l.e e re .e n e rg v .g o v /b u ild in g s /p u b lic a tio n s /p d fs /c o rp o ra te /m y p ll.p d f.
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development
US - India Joint Centre for Building Energy Research and Development For m ore in fo rm a tio n c o n ta c t Rajan Rawal: rajanraw al@ gm ail.com (India) Rish G hatikar: gghatikar@ lbl.gov (U.S.) Reshma Singh: reshm asingh@ lbl.gov (U.S.)
Website: http://cberd.org
U.S.-India Centre for Building Energy Research and Development