graph to be undirected, the wrapped hexagonal imesh of dimension d can be constructed using Eq. 2. The parameters of this eqaution will have the following ...
Under- standing communication is a key to building a better understanding of ... divided in two parts: the first dedicated to the presentation of eight po- .... How do you compare your approach with approaches in coordination languages, .... organize
particularly important in order to provide better quality ser- vices, charge users .... Linux capturing tools, such as libpcap or libpcap-PFRING, in order to increase ...
Knowledge. Cheating husbands and other stories: ... There are (one or more)
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problems of distributed computing, they do not solve them. ... 2.1 Event Based Systems as Adaptative Middleware Platforms [7] .... The footprint of the C++.
liable distributed object computing systems with CORBA. First, we examine the .... backed by Lotus, Apple, IBM, Borland,
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Physical Agents (FIPA) [7] indicates that âan agent is an encapsulated software ... including people, other agents, and legacy systemsâ. Although there is no ...
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Recently, predictive active steering control for autonomous vehicle systems was studied [7], [8] with a nonlinear tire model [6]. In these work, the autonomous.
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Coulouris et al., 2012]) according to the personal view of the teacher of this
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Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems. 115
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As you read through this book, you'll see that many other applications, from
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Course Textbook George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore and Tim. Kindberg,
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Note – call-by-value and call-by-reference parameters on the stack.
a)
b)
Parameter passing in a local procedure call: the stack before the call to read. The stack while the called procedure is active. Distributed Computing Systems
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Remote Procedure Call !
!
!
RPC concept :: to make a remote procedure call appear like a local procedure call. The goal is to hide the details of the network communication (namely, the sending and receiving of messages). The calling procedure should not be aware that the called procedure is executing on a different machine. Distributed Computing Systems
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Remote Procedure Call !
When making a RPC: ! !
! !
!
The calling environment is suspended. Procedure parameters are transferred across the network to the environment where the procedure is to execute. The procedure is executed there. When the procedure finishes, the results are transferred back to the calling environment. Execution resumes as if returning from a regular procedure call. Distributed Computing Systems
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RPC differs from OSI !
!
!
User does not open connection, read, write, then close connection – client may not even know they are using the network. RPC may omit protocol layers for efficiency. (e.g. diskless Sun workstations will use RPC for every file access.) RPC is well-suited for client-server interaction where the flow of control alternates. Distributed Computing Systems
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RPC between Client and Server
Distributed Computing Systems
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RPC Steps 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The client procedure calls a client stub passing parameters in the normal way. The client stub marshals the parameters, builds the message, and calls the local OS. The client's OS sends the message (using the transport layer) to the remote OS. The server remote OS gives transport layer message to a server stub. stub The server stub demarshals the parameters and calls the desired server routine. Distributed Computing Systems
12
RPC Steps 6. The server routine does work and returns result to the server stub via normal procedures. 7. The server stub marshals the return values into the message and calls local OS. 8. The server OS (using the transport layer) sends the message to the client's OS. 9. The client's OS gives the message to the client stub 10. The client stub demarshals the result, result and execution returns to the client.
Distributed Computing Systems
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RPC Steps
Distributed Computing Systems
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Passing Value Parameters
a) b) c)
Original message on the Pentium The message after receipt on the SPARC The message after being inverted. The little numbers in boxes indicate the address of each byte
Distributed Computing Systems
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Marshaling Parameters !
!
!
Parameters must be marshaled into a standard representation. Parameters consist of simple types (e.g. integers) and compound types (e.g., C structures). The type of each parameter must be known to the modules doing the conversion into standard representation. Distributed Computing Systems
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Marshaling Parameters !
!
Call-by-reference is not possible in parameter passing. It can be “simulated” by copy-restore. A copy of the referenced data structure is sent to the server, and upon return to the client stub the client’s copy of the structure is replaced with the structure modified by the server. Distributed Computing Systems
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Marshaling Parameters
!
However, in general marshaling cannot handle the case of a pointer to an arbitrary data structure such as a complex graph.
Distributed Computing Systems
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Parameter Specification and Stub Generation The caller and the callee must agree on the format of the message they exchange, and they must follow the same steps when it comes to passing complex data structures.
A procedure
The corresponding message
Distributed Computing Systems
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RPC Details !
!
An Interface Definition Language (IDL) is used to specific the interface that can be called by a client and implemented by the server. All RPC-based middleware systems offer an IDL to support application development.
Distributed Computing Systems
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Doors
The principle of using doors as IPC mechanism. Distributed Computing Systems
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Doors !
!
A Door is a generic name for a procedure in the address space of a server process that can be called by processes colocated with the server. Doors require local OS support.
Distributed Computing Systems
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Asynchronous RPC
2-12
a)
b)
The interconnection between client and server in a traditional RPC The interaction using asynchronous RPC Distributed Computing Systems
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Asynchronous RPC’s
A client and server interacting through two asynchronous RPCs Distributed Computing Systems
