IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015, Pg. 421-427
International Journal of Research in Information Technology (IJRIT) www.ijrit.com
ISSN 2001-5569
Comparative Studies of 3G, 4G & 5G Mobile Network & Data Offloading Method a Survey Author: Adnan Majeed M.Phil (Computer Science) Student of Hajvery University Gulberg Lahore, Pakistan. Dept of Computer Science & Engineering,Gulberg Lahore Pakistan
[email protected]
Abstract: The purpose of this paper to present different technology trends and generation of mobile cloud computing and data offloading method and techniques. Methodology adopted in this paper to carry literature review. The investigation of Mobile Generation and its data offloading method has been discussed. Mobile network have limited battery and resources e.g. network bandwidth, storage capacity. The main objective of this paper is to highlight and compare between 3G, 4G and 5G Mobile network, data Offloading method and computation. The issues in previous generation of mobile network have been discussed and finding of 3G and 4G Network highlighted. Mobile Data Offloading is major concern in computation of communication in data transfer. The advantages of offloading also discussed and comparison between the generations specify.
Index Terms: 3G, 4G, 5G, cloud computing, mobile cloud computing, offloading method
I-Introduction The technology has been changed day by day and communication and mobile network application has been increased. Mobile network and its data growth and the use of Smartphone are creating extraordinary challenges for wireless service providers to conquer a global bandwidth shortage. Mobile phones are becoming a vital part of human life. [1] 3rd generation technologies of Mobile network allow network operators to offer users a wider range of advanced services while attain greater network capacity through improve spectral efficiency. 3rd generation makes use of wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in one in mobile environment. [2] 4G fourth generation of mobile network that is it is based on wireless technology standard. It is a descendant of 3rd generation and 2nd generation of mobile network. Mobile generation generally refers to change in the technology and nature of the service, the first was the move from 1981 analogue 1G to digital 2G transmission in 1992. 4G is essentially the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G. The prospect from 4G technology is principally high quality audio/video streaming over end to end internet practice. [2] The 5th generation of mobile wireless network will be a extremely amazing communication system with no restraint. The 5G generation technology will be completely available in the market by 2020; the 5G is a revolution to 4G. 5G Mobile system must meet the requirements of increased rate and capacity needed ahead of 2020 and requirements on compact latency. 5G provides ideal real wireless or worldwide wireless web. The 5G comprise all advance features and it is inconceivable technology.[3] The main driver for mobile data offloading is clearly the rise of data traffic on mobile networks. Sometime mobile data offloading causing blocking and ultimately debasing customer experience. Mobile data offloading refers to use of opposite network technologies and innovative technique for delivery of data originally targeted for mobile cellular networks in order to improve overcrowding and make better use of available network resources. [4] This paper presents an inclusive survey on mobile generation and data offloading. Section I provides method and III provides a literature survey and section IV provides merits and demerits of technology and comparison between the mobile generations. Section Adnan Majeed, IJRIT-421
IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015, Pg. 421-427
V provides an advantage of mobile cloud computing. Section VI provides data offloading and its solution. Finally, the paper summarizes and concludes in VII Section.
II Methods This current article comes out as the phase out come of or introduction to the planning go fan even determined research attempt which is intended to address a series of more specific subjects in length. The research is mainly based on an exploratory qualitative method which can appropriately fit the research setting as a pilot study. The initial idea of this study was generated based on the author’s previous research experiences and some preliminary investigations. The generation of initial idea was then followed by conceptualization and schematization after further investigations were undertaken.
III- Literature Review Mobile computing comprises new paradigms of computing that is predictable to develop the way computers are used. Wireless networking significantly improves the usefulness of transport a computing device. [5] Second generation of mobile communication were very successful in previous year but congestion exist, a number of user increased day by day and the trends and technology need to be improved so there is need of third generation of mobile network because third generation of mobile network in these days very successful and this generation fulfill the desired requirement of the mobile user. Issues and challenges exist in third generation but there is main issue e.g. internet downloading and uploading, user face problem in their GPRS connection for uploading and downloading their video lecture and tutorial, so there is a need of 4G network, author suggest that 4th generation is yet to be launched to avoid any inconvenient and congestion. 4G network based on multimedia with telecommunication network high data rate and good system service reliability.[10] 1.
1G First Generation
1G stands for First Generation of wireless communication technology of mobile network. A set of wireless standard developed in 1980 , first generation replace 0G technology which featured mobile radio telephones and such technologies as mobile telephone system. 1G based on analog signal, 2G digital signal are very dependent. 1G has low capacity, unreliable handoff; in 1G the voice quality is very bad and no security, making calls accountable to unwanted nose round by third parties. If a 2G mobile made a call far away from cell tower, the digital signal might not be strong sufficient to reach it. 1G mobile had usually poorer quality than that of 2G handset, it continue to exist long distance. Analog signal causes big problem and have not sufficient solution unless and until to move on next generation technology.[2] 2.
2G Second Generation
2G stands for Second Generation of mobile network. 2G cannot transfer data, such as email or software other than the digital voice call itself. SMS messaging is also available as a form of data transmission for some standards. 2G network standard based on GSM that is launched by Finland in 1991. GSM service used by 2 billion people from corner to corner 212 countries. 2G technologies can be divided in Time Division Multiple Access based on Code Division multiple access standard depending on the type of multiplexing used. 2G digital signal consume less battery power. Digital encoding can improve the voice quality and reduce noise in the line. 2.5G based on General Packet Radio Service. GPRS could provide data rates from 56 Kbp/s upto 11 Kbp/s, this service based on wireless network protocol access. 2.75G based on improved data rates for GSM evolution is a digital mobile phone technology which acts as bolt-on improvement to 2G and 2.5G General Packet Radio Service. EDGE technology is complete version of GSM. [2] 3.
3G Third Generation
3G stands for third generation the world best connection method. Both the communication and Government companies approved 3G standard. The basic feature of 3G technology fast data transfer rate. 3G technology uses TDMA and CDMA. 3G network range between 400 MHz to 3GHz. The 3G uses WCDMA framework and it’s very flexible and unique. 3G provides high speed internet and high quality audio quality as compare to the 2G the IMT-2000 standard, a systemize required to provide peak data rates of at least 200 Kbit/s about 0.2 Mbit/s. 3G offer recently 3.5G and 3.75G and it also provides broadband access of several Mbit/s to Smartphone and mobile. [6] 4.
4G Fourth Generation
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IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015, Pg. 421-427
The 4G (fourth generation) of mobile network communication, 4G standard very fast and reliable as compare to 3G network 4G communication is very fast and reliable and unique. Voice quality and video quality very reliable and multimedia messaging service, it’s guaranteed to deliver data on destination. 1G based on analog signal and 2G based on digital and 3G support multimedia access. 4G is basically the extension of 3G technology with more bandwidth and speed. The prospect from 4G technology is high speed internet connection and high speed and reliable voice quality. According to Muddit (2010) at el. The word Magic also refers to 4G wireless technology which stands for Mobile multimedia, anywhere global mobility solutions over, integrated wireless and customized services. [6] 5.
5G Fifth Generation
The 5th generation of mobile network communication is a complete set of wireless communication. At present 5G network is not launched by any companies or standardization bodies, such as 3GPP, Wimax forum or ITU-R. New 3GPP, normal releases beyond 4G and LTE advanced are in development, but not measured as new mobile generation. According to Asvin Gohil (2013) at el 5G based on Multimedia newspapers, and user can also watch TV programs with the clarity as that of and HD.T.V. We can send data much faster than that of the previous generation of mobile computing. 5G will bring almost perfect real world wireless or called “WWWW: worldwide wireless web. 5G there is no issue of wireless communication and wearable devices with Artificial intelligence capabilities.[7]
Figure 1: Series of mobile generation and features 6.
Data Offloading
According to Adnan Aijaz (2013) Mobile data offloading refers to the use of corresponding network technologies and original techniques for delivery of data originally targeted for mobile/cellular networks in order to ease jamming and make better use of available network resources. Data offloading method based on computation and it rely on algorithm strategy. Most of the companies offered hardware based solution and other offered software bases solution to increase data uploading and downloading capacity. [4]
IV- Comparison In past decade and even today low speed data services and provided by 2G system which do not meet up our future system requirement. It will provide increase demand for a new system called 3G mobile telecommunication system which assure to deliver high speed data services and high quality video and audio quality. 4G mobile communication system LTE was developed to provide high quality and high capacity data service for mobile multimedia user which is still to run in most of the countries. 2G operates 900 1800/1900 MHz and 3G operates 2GHz, these frequency brands provide wider bandwidth to meet multimedia challenges. [8]
1. 3G & 4G 5G System 3G service based on network centric architectures increasingly gives way to the edge-centric structural design, access is need from additional and additional spaces at all time. Table 1 present the comparison between the 1G to 3G networks. At the start of designing LTE network architecture, the main service requirements come from IMS (IP multimedia subsystem) services and traditional Internet services. How-evber, with the advent of mobile Internet services and IoT (Internet of Things) services, many new service requirements are emerging for which LTE networks are not well suited. mobile cloud computing requires seamless intersystem handover with low latency to guarantee the user’s experience, but in LTE networks, inter-system handover requires reestablishment the connection toward PDN GW (packet data network gateway), which increases handover latency and downgrades performance. Adnan Majeed, IJRIT-423
IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015, Pg. 421-427
In SoftNet, competence of data forwarding can be improved considerably with the help of distributed data forwarding, which is supported by the distributed gateway function deployed in the unified RAN. When the DCF in the access server receives authorization to handle a connectivity request from a mobile terminal locally, the DCF will establish a connection between the mobile terminal and the gateway function, so that data traffic can be forwarded directly via the gateway function. Some applications with small data transmission in SoftNet may send only a few bytes each time. In this case, there is no need to establish dedicated connections for those applications. Rather, the small data packet can be piggybacked onto a signaling message and parsed by the access server; then the data packet can be routed via the distributed gateway directly, or transferred along a shared data path from the access server to the egress gateway.[13]
The main purpose of the 3G is to provide multimedia mobile communications at anytime and anywhere when required. It will be not feasible to meet these necessities. 4G mobile network will extend the scenario to on all IP network based that integrates broadcast, cellular cordless, Wireless Lan and local area network and short range systems were fixed wire. The 3rd Generation is not satisfying the desired user requirements. There is huge increase in appliance type communication, the device will also not only be remotely control and managed by people but also communicate with the people and this will require more dependable communication links. 3G and 4G provided data to be download in term of Mbps but we need to think towards Gbps. The future is gigabyte and even in terabytes. [7] 2.
Challenges
In 4G network there will be requirement to design a single user terminal that can operate in different wireless networks and overcome the design difficulty such as restrictions on the size of the device and cost and power utilization. The choice of most appropriate service at a specific place and time and the choice is making according to the consumer. Integrated IP based system provides quality of service and end to end delivery. [7]
3.
Future of 5G Network
The main factor of 5G network is reliability between the networks node and these requirements are very hard in manufacturing communication applications. 5G network required more security and HD quality Video on their Cell phone. [8] New generation of broadband satellite communication is being developed to support multimedia and internet based applications. The space way system provides downlink transmission rates of upto 100Mb/s and a total capacity upto 4.4Gb/s. in order to significantly increase the capacity of 4G broadband satellite system using advanced quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme. [12] The remarkable issue, there don‘t have any limitation in 5G as respect to user demands in the next 200 years. The 5G also involve the whole wireless world interconnection (WISDOM—Wireless Innovative System for Dynamic Operating Mega communications concept), together with very high data rates of the Quality of Service (QoS) applications. 5G-IU (5G Interfacing Unit) acts to make the most powerful of 5G wireless communication system. Because, all sorts of radio access technologies are combined in a common platform is complex form of aggregation. It will be more complex in future when added new Adnan Majeed, IJRIT-424
IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015, Pg. 421-427
radio access technologies. This is why, 5G-IU is used between new deployments and core network so that 5G wireless communication system is easily manageable. It has some advantages are: • Lower costs to establish networks. • Lessen equipments. • Improve network efficiency. • Reduce complexity. • Easily maintain high security. • Impossible to occur any trouble. [14] 4. • • • • •
Merits & Demerits
Digital call need to scan the user number and its available in 2G and 3G networks. Low signal quality and voice quality was very poor in 1G and 2G Network Data Offloading was very slow in 3G network. Data offloading and broadband communication has been very fast and reliable in 4G and LTE network.
5. Future Research Direction There is a need of satellite communication using mobile nodes in future research e.g. upcoming generation of mobile network 6G and 7G that is based on HD video streaming on mobile and no one need to pay extra charges to call on out of country. Everyone connected with mobile is like a sitting front of the person. [11]
V-Advantages of Mobile Cloud Computing MCC (Mobile cloud computing) “is a loaded mobile computing technology leverages unified elastic resources of varied clouds and network technologies toward clear functionality, storage, and mobility to serve a multitude of mobile devices anywhere, anytime through the control of Ethernet or internet regardless of varied environment and stage based on the pay-as-you-use standard” (Sanaei, Abolfazli, Gani, et al. 2013). [5] Cloud computing provides rich desktop application using cloud server and internet services e.g. software as a service, hardware as a service, platform as a service, application as a service. Cloud computing based on wired and mobile cloud computing based on wired and wireless devices. [5]
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Mobile cloud provides services to the mobile user e.g. video chat, audio conferencing, multimedia messaging services and high quality video. On the mobile cloud user can easily make application using cloud resources and business men can deliver their goods and take cash online using online internet service.
VI- Data Offloading Mobile data offloading increased with the usability of video content, which has much higher bit rates than other mobile content types. As well higher data rates provided by the current generation of cellular networks which enhance the user’s viewing understanding, large screen sizes and optimization of video for mobile devices also contribute to the increase of video traffic. Availability of mobile broadband services at prices and speeds comparable to those of fixed broadband with the increasing leaning toward everywhere mobility are other causal issue. Other part of data offloading includes cost reduction, improving customer experience, and new business opportunities. [9] The majority of mobile operators have begun and started implement a mobile data offloading strategy. Wi-Fi and femtocells have emerged as the preferred offloading technologies. While Wi-Fi and femtocells have develop mature technologies. Wi-Fi comes as a expected solution for offloading due to the fixed Wi-Fi ability of smart phones. A femtocell is a small cellular base station characteristically planned for internal use (e.g., in a home or office). Femtocell connects to the service provider network via broadband (e.g., digital subscriber line DSL) and allows the service provider to extend service coverage inside, especially in areas where access would otherwise imperfect or engaged.
Figure 2: Enabling technologies for computation offloading
1.
Offloading Solution
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Mobile Data Offloading VIA WIMAX The author proposed solution using WiMax technology, WiMAX is a communication technology based on IEEE 802.16 standard for wireless broadband access over large environmental area. It plays an indirect role by providing the backhaul for large scale Wi-Fi network. Mobile Data Offloading VIA IP Flow Mobility The author suggests another solution based on IP flow mobility it’s a recent technology that is currently being standardized in the internet engineering task force (IETF). This technology allows an operator to shit a single IP flow to a different radio access without troublesome any ongoing communication. CORE Network Offloading The author suggest Core network offloading approach that is it is based on gateway that is placed in the data path between the RNC and the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) to offload the traffic destined for the internet. The gateway sense by using different identifiers e.g. access point name (APN) if the received session request is for internet bound services path find a way around the packet switched (PS) core network and forwarding it directly to the nearest internet peering point. [4]
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IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015, Pg. 421-427
VII-Conclusion Mobile has turn out to be very important part of our life. Their current development is the outcome of various mobile generations. In this paper basic trends and technology have been used in past decade discusses in detail. The performance and advantages and disadvantages of one generation over other. This field is still full of research opportunities. The arrival of 4G is sure to revolutionize the field of telecommunication domain bringing the wireless experience to a completely new level. The 3G technology has been completely absolute and the modern trends of technology are going on because quality of service and data reliability and data download and uploading need digital assistance. The arrival of 5G will modernize the field of communication domain; carry wireless experience to a completely new level. This paper classifies the types of applications that have been used to demonstrate offloading. Some offloading solution has been suggested but a future research challenge exists.
References [1] Theodore s. Rappaport, Shu Sun , Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: May 2013. [2] Mudit Ratana Bhalla, Anand Vardhan Bhalla A Survey Generations of Mobile Wireless Technology August 2010. [3] A Banupriya,T Suba, K Rajalakshmi and S Rajasri MILESTONE OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION 1G TO 5G TECHNOLOGY March 2015. [4] Adnan Aijaz, Hamid Aghvami A Survey On Mobile Data Offloading: Technical And Business Perspectives April 2013. [5] Saeid Abolfazli*A, Zohreh Sanaei Mobile Cloud Computing: The State-Of-The-Art, Challenges September 2014. [6] C. S. Patil1, R.R.Karhe2, M. A. Aher Development of Mobile Technology: A Survey November 2012. [7] Asvin Gohil, Hardik Modi, Shobhit K Patel, 5G Technology of Mobile Communication: A Survey, April 2013. [8] Ankush Chaudhary 5G in Mobile Communication: An Overview, March 2015. [9] Eyuphan Bulut, Boleslaw K. Szymanski, WiFi Access Point Deployment for Efficient Mobile Data Offloading, August 2012. [10] Suk Yu Hui and Kai Hau Yeung, City University of Hong Kong, challenges in the migration to 4G mobile systems, IEEE Communications Magazine December 2003. [11] C. S. Patil, R. R. Karhe , M. A. Aher Review on Generations in Mobile Cellular Technology International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,Volume 2, Issue 10October 2012. [12] MOHAMED IBNKAHLA, MEMBER, IEEE, QUAZI MEHBUBAR RAHMAN, MEMBER, IEEE,AHMED IYANDA SULYMAN, MEMBER, IEEE, High-Speed Satellite mobilecommunications:Technologies and Challenges, PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 92, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2004 [13] Hucheng Wang, Shanzhi Chen, Hui Xu, Ming Ai, and Yan Shi A Software Defined Decentralized Mobile Network Architecture toward 5G, IEEE Network March/April 2015. [14] Yogesh Chauhan; Sahil Kanda; Sagar Negi & Saksham Gulati, 5G Wireless Communication Systems, International Journal of Research (IJR) e-ISSN: 2348-6848, p- ISSN: 2348-795X Volume 2, Issue 05, May 2015
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