Competition theory, evolution, and the concept of an ...
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Competition theory, evolution, and the concept of an ...
Abstract. This article examines some of the main tenets of competition theory in light of the theory of evolution and the concept of an ecological niche.
Competition theory, evolution, and the concept of an ecological niche THOMAS R. ALLEY Growth Center, L-7063, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06031, USA
(Received I5-VIl-198}) Abstract. This article examines some of the main tenets of competition theory in light of the theory of evolution and the concept of an ecological niche. The principle of competitive exclusion and the related assumption that communities exist at competitive equilibrium - fundamental parts of many compctition theories and models - may be violated if non-cquilibrium conditions exist in natural communities or are incorporated into competition models. Furthermore, these two basic tenets of competition theory are not compatible with the theory of evolution. Variation in ecologically significant environmental factors and non-equilibrium in population numbers should occur in most natural communities, and such changes have important effects on community relations, niche overlap, and the evolution of ecosystems. Ecologists should view compctition as a process occurring within a complex dYllamic system, and should be wary of theoretical positions built upon simple laboratory experiments or simplistic mathematical models. In considering the relationship between niche overlap and competition, niche overlap should not be taken as a sufficient condition for competition; many factors may prevent or diminish competition between populations with similar resource utilization patterns. The typically opposing forces of intraspecific and interspecific competition need to be simultaneouslY considered, for it is the balance between them that 1n large part detcrmines niche boundaries.
