compilers - The Journal of Instruction-Level Parallelism

4 downloads 122 Views 404KB Size Report
Structural Path Profiling: An Efficient Online Path Profiling ... accuracy of online profiles as the degree of agreement with respect to the offline complete profiles ...
      !   "$#&%(')) *,+.-/0'1

234"5 6879-8): );=4 ?7@*,: ) *

[email protected],X,YIZ\[^]_Ya`cbdHeXf&YgBihjYkM3X,YIflOmL@BKRnO^D.UNVWM3X,YIZ D.LNpqf5rsUtD.uwv>UtDyxzFI{|B~}€|Y}ƒ‚sX3p„f†…‡Utp‰ˆkX,Mf&D.{ o

Š@‹~ŒŽJ|‘G@’z|ŒŽ“•”

–—™˜3š|›ƒœtž|Ÿ¡ ¢€£tŸ¡¤¦¥™£ ˜,š~¬~—~­|š~£e—Kœtž|Ÿ¡ ¢€£tŸ¡¤¦¥™£

¯J”€~‘G±°$‹™«Q³²ŽŒŽ“

´™¥~£&—µ³˜3šEœtž|Ÿ¡ ¢€£tŸ¡¤¦¥™£

®

Š@‹~ŒŽJ‹¨§G“•©~~ª.“J«c Š@‹~ŒŽJ‹Q¶$|‘¦³²Ž~ªJ

­³—™´~—µ—~­| œtž|Ÿ¡ ¢€£tŸ¡¤¦¥™£

·¹¸5ºd»€¼3½>¾Ž¼t¿±ÀÁ,À ÂÄÃ¹Å ÆÇ™ÂŽÈ ¼>ùÂÄÉ/¼ÄÃ¾Ê ËÍÌÄÎÍώÐ8ËÑ Ê•ÒÆÓÔÕ¼>É6ÁÖÃÖÔCÂÊN׀Â>ÔÕÂ>É!¼ Ð Á8ÆÓ(ÊEØÕÂÄÙ¦Â,ÚÂÄÛÜ Р½ÍÀ,ÙÊ ÎÑÎÍÐÝÍގß>Î Ê5àÂâá ÂÄÙ

ãåä@æŽçèé.êƒç ë•ìÍí¡íïî3ðñ¹òïóôÕõì>ñ5ö ÷>ñ¹õ øùò(øùòïúgöƒìŽû¹ñâ÷Žóñ•ü0ìÍû5û¹îøñâû¹ý ðñ¹ýûâòïóôg÷Žó þÿìŽöñâò¡úÕò,òïóô9ñâõî ñâ÷Žû¹ôÍîñùöûâìŽôŽû ÷>ú îƒîðñ¹òŽî3í !ñÜòïø õì •î Žî3û >ð õ ÷Ží¡íïî,ó ôŽòïóô ü0ìŽûŽý ø8ñ /óùò¡úÕî .ð,ìŽúÕöòïí¡î3ûâø  5õ òïð õCútý øñJðìŽíïíïî3ðñ ö ÷>ñ¹õåöûâ ì  íïî3øzìŽó$ñ¹õ! î "$÷Äñzûâýóñ¹òïúÕî# /ó$ñâõò(øzö ÷Žö€î3û  •îkö û¹ìÍö€ìø8îk÷>óåî$Cð,ò¡î3óñzìŽóíïò¡ó îkö ÷Äñâõ öûâ ì €í¡òïóôÕñ¹îð õó&ò %ý î ƒð,÷>íïíïî3þ ÁÉÃÖ Å,ÉÖÃâ ÷ /íïî ü0ìÍ0 û   ð,ìŽúÕöòïí¡î3ûâø -ùõî  ' á ÂÄÉ0Ægá¦Ã¹¼ ()' ÓÙÚ *,+)+-. ø¹ýò ñ  î \òïþî÷zò(øeñâìö ÷Žû8ñâò ñâò¡ìÍóIñ¹õîtñâ÷Žû¹ôÍîñ&úÕî,ñ¹õìþkòïóñ¹ìÿ÷õòïî,û ÷>û ð 2 õ ÿì>ü.ñâõî9óîøñâî3þkôÍûâ÷Žöõ 0 ø / ÷Žø¹î3þIìÍó 1  ñâõîeíïììÍözøñâû¹ý€ðñ¹ý û¹ î Í÷>ó€þ9ñâõî,ózñ¹ì öûâ ì  íïîeî÷Žð õÕôŽû ÷>öõgòïó þî,öƒî,ó€þî,óñ¹í 43 ò¡ñ¹5 õ *,+)+  Jî&ð,÷ŽóCðìŽíïíïî3ðñ ÷Íð,ðý ûâ÷>ñ¹îÕö ÷Äñâõ öû¹ ì  íïî3ø  î $Cð,ò¡î3óñ¹í 6 5ò¡ñ¹õ íï ì T ì Žî3û¹õ î3÷Ž7 þ 8ùõîC. î 9öƒî,ûâò¡úÕî,óñ ÷>íGûâî3ø¹ýí¡ñâø ø¹õ ì Tñâõ ÷Äñ ìÍýû@ñ¹î3ð õ óò %ýîÕð,÷Žó ð,ìŽíïí¡îðñ ö ÷Äñâõ ö û¹ ì  í¡î0 ø 5ò¡ñ¹õ ÷Žó ÷Žð3ðýû ÷Ž ð Iì>ü•÷Žû¹ìÍýó 6 þ :;2ûâî3þkñ¹ì\ñ¹õî ì =Õòïóî9ð,ìŽúÕöíïîñâîNö ÷Äñâõköûâ  ì  íïî3 ø > 5õòïíïîNò ñ@ò¡ó€ðýû ø5ìŽó í !?@A2<  ì Žî,ûâõî÷ŽþÿìŽó @ ÷ Žî3ûâ÷ŽôŽî@ò¡óIñâõît÷Íðñâò Íî öûâ ì €í¡òïóôÕöõ ÷Íø8 î 

B4C!D2E

çè,FHGJI&êƒç,KF E

L,MONQPSRTVUWRXY[Z!\^]L,TVX`_!a@b,Z!cOY[de\f Nhg&ijJkljJmon`p7qr\sP.pW\hcOfYerlY[de\t\ubvw\@xyczdeb,YeP.Y[UWt{P.pW\|b,U7d[Y[U7\}cOf.bo~zde\ Y[UWvbfZ€qoP.Y[b,Uhvf.b,ZP.p7\‚aMWf.f\U>P.deƒ„\@xl\aMWP.Y[U7t6c7f.btf qZPQb„qapOYe\r\…pOYet,pW\f†c \f.vbfZ€qUOa@\‡†TSU7ˆW\\ˆ4j Z€qU"ƒ‰bvJPQbyˆ7qƒzŠ‹N‚LTSXŒa@b,Z€cOY[de\fNqdef.\qˆ7ƒ|M7NQ\ŽNQb,Z!\!cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7t€PQ\ap7UOY["M7\N`PQbu~U7ˆ|p7bPw\ˆWt\N’‘"ƒ a@b,M7U"P.Y[UWtP.pW\“U"M7Z‚‘ \f)bv7PQf qr\fN.qd”N-bvOP.pW\J\ˆ7t\Nj,aqd[de\ˆ„•.–—y•˜™SšS›0œe•@ j>bvOP.pW\ža@b,U"PQf.b,d"ŸOb ¡tf qocOp7N bv¢P.pW\}pWbP‚Z!\P.p7byˆ7NjqU7ˆ#qoc7cOdeƒ£qˆWroqU7a@\ˆ#bc7P.Y[Z€Y[¤qoP.Yeb,U7N8N.MOap¡qN‚UWblˆW\6N.cOd[YePQP.Y[U7t^g&i¥njczqof.P.Y[qd f.\ˆ7MOU7ˆ7qU7a@ƒ}\d[Y[Z€Y”U7qoP.Yeb,U¦g §nj qU7ˆ‰a@blˆW\‚cb,NYeP.Yeb,U7Y[U7t„g&in‡†¨`d[P.pWb,MWt,p|L,TVX©a@b,Z!cOY[d[\fNp7qr\‚PQb}cOqƒ P.pW\Žc \U7qdePªƒhbvP.pW\ŽfM7U"P.Y[Z!\‚br\fp7\qˆ£vbfwa@b,Z!czY[d[qoP.Yeb,UsqU7ˆsc7f.bo~zd”Y[UWt6ˆ7M7fY[UWt€P.p7\…\@xl\aMWP.Yeb,U{bv P.pW\8cOf.btfqZ„jWP.pW\ƒ„aqU„bvPQ\Uht\U7\fqoPQ\‚p7Y[t,p7deƒ€bc7P.Y”Z€Ye¤\ˆ„a@blˆW\‡ TVPžY”NJZ!bf\a p7qd[de\UWt,Y”UWt8PQb…~zU7ˆ«pWbPJczqoP.p7NJqaaM7fqoPQ\deƒ6‘yƒ€a@b,M7U"P.Y[UWt…P.pW\’U"M7Z‚‘ \f0bv¬PQf qr\fN.qd”N bv¬P.pW\wNQ\d[\a@PQ\ˆucOqoP.p7Njlaqd[de\ˆ6˜l­®¯‚˜z™QšS›œ[•¥¥‡0TSU«t\U7\fqdjlcOqoP.p}c7f.bo~zd[\NJaqU}c7f.bryY”ˆW\`Z!bf\’ˆ7\P.qY[d[N b,U#P.pW\6‘ \p7qryYebf‚bv¢P.pW\6P.qoft\P…Z!\P.p7byˆ#P.p7qU¦\ˆ7t\«c7fbo~zde\N‡u°0ˆWt\«c7f.bo~zd[\N5Z€qƒ£‘\«N.Ml±«aYe\U"P PQbuc7f.\ˆ7Y”a@P`pWbPcOqoP.p7N’Y[U|q«t,Y[r\UsZ€\P.pWbyˆ¬jz‘OM7P`P.pW\ƒ|aqU7UWbP\U7N.MWf.\ŽY[ˆW\U"P.YevƒyY”UWt!P.pW\!Y[U7ˆ7Y[ryY[ˆOM7qd pWbPžcOqoP.p7NJqaaMWfqoPQ\deƒ€\U7b,MWt,p6PQbŽqoc7cOd[ƒŽN.b,Z!\qˆ7r2qU7a@\ˆ«bc7P.Y[Z6Ye¤qoP.Yeb,U7NJN.M7ap}qNžP.qY[d&Rˆ7M7cOd[Y[aqoP.Yeb,U g³²lj4´nj4a@b,NQPwqU7ˆs‘\U7\@~OP†‘OqN.\ˆ‰PQfqUONQvbf Z€qoP.Yeb,Uµg‹¶yj ·Wj ¸nj4qU7ˆ{debybc|c \\d[Y”UWt6qU7ˆsdebybcsM7U7f.b,d[d[Y[U7t vbf€N.MWc \f.‘Odebla.¹{vbfZ€qoP.Yeb,UONhg&iºon‡¦TSU7ˆW\\ˆ4jHP.pW\N.\„bc7P.Y[Z€Ye¤qoP.Y[b,U7N‚qof\hY[Z!c bf.P.qU"P‚vbfŽ\@xyPQfq[email protected]”UWt cOqofqd”de\d[Y[N.Z»PQb¡vMOd[deƒ^\@xlcOdeb,Y[P€P.pW\hc bPQ\U"P.Y[qdbvwP.pW\| †Y[ˆW\hY”U7NQPQf[email protected][b,Uµ Jbfˆ¼Z€qapOY[UW\N}N.M7ap¼qN TS¨Rª´2§W‡ X¢ žbwbo½«Y[U7\¢cOqoP.p!c7f.bo~d[Y[UWt`PQ\ap7U7Y”"MW\N`g³´lj7ii@nOp7qr\†‘ \\UŽc7f.bc b,NQ\ˆŽvbf0NQP.qoP.Y[a†a@b,Z!cOY[de\f Nj‘OMWP UW\YeP.p7\f0bv¬P.pW\Z¾aqU«‘\qoc7cOd[Y[\ˆ!‘"ƒ€Y[P.NQ\dev PQbŽL,TVX¼a@b,Z!cOY[d[\fN †Y[P.pWb,MWP0Y[U"PQf.blˆ7M7aY[U7t8qU«Y[UOUWbroqoP.Yer\ vfqZ!\ žbf.¹«PQb«f.\ˆ7M7a@\wP.p7\8p7Yet,pubr\f pW\qˆ‰bvP.pW\8czqoP.p„c7f.bo~zd”Y[UWtW‡

¿

 ')) *ÁÀE yÀE8zÂÄ7ÄâN 7“à Ä žÅ.  ¡"e &ƒ4 ?Æ>ÀE  ޳Ä?~687Æ

Ç

—™˜,š~›7È4ɦš~¬|—™­|š|£e—-ÈOÊÕ¥~£&—µ³˜3š¬È ËÍÌt—~´~—µ—~­| 

Xp7\!tb,qdbv“b,U7d[Y[U7\…cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7t}Y[N8PQbhf.\ˆ7M7a@\!P.p7\€br\fp7\qˆ^bv“c7f.bo~d[Y[UWt} †p7Y[d[\…a@b,d[d[\[email protected][UWt‰N.M7v”R ~zaYe\U"P.deƒÎqaaMWfqoPQ\{c7fbo~zde\N!PQb¡bc7P.Y[Z€Y[¤\hP.pW\sP.qof.t\P}Z€\P.pWbyˆON‡ÏTVU¼P.p7Y[N6cOqoc \fj“ J\sˆW\@~zUW\|P.pW\ ­,Ð ÐÑl™S­>ÐҎbv0b,U7d”Y[UW\5cOf.bo~zde\NqNP.pW\!ˆW\tf.\\!bv0qotf.\\Z€\U>P8 `YeP.p‰f\NQc \a@P`PQb„P.pW\Žbo½«Y”UW\‚a@b,Z!czde\PQ\ c7f.bo~de\NjWqNbfY[t,Y[U7qd[deƒ«N.MWtt\NQPQ\ˆ‰‘"ƒuÓW\d[de\f…g&ik2n‡ ÔÕp7Y[de\„P.p7\f.\‰qof.\‰N.b,Z!\‰N.Y[Z€cOde\uqU7ˆÖNQPQf qYet,p>PQvbf. “qofˆ×Y[Z€cOde\Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U7NjJP.pWb,NQ\‰qocOc7f.b,qap7\N aqU7UWbP-N.qoP.Y[NQvƒ`b,M7f¬f.\yM7Yef.\Z!\U"P.N‡ÓWbf)\@xWqZ!cOde\j2\r\U8 `pW\Uw ž\0qoc7cOdeƒq¢cOqoP.pwcOf.bo~zd[Y[U7tJPQ\a p7U7Y[yMW\ b,U7deƒwPQbP.pW\žN.Z€qd[d"U"M7Z‚‘ \f-bv7p7bPZ!\P.p7byˆ7Nj2P.p7\0br\f pW\qˆŽbvWc7f.bo~zd”Y[UWtZ€qƒ8f.\Z€qY[U…M7U7qaa@\cOP.qo‘Ode\ YevP.p7\}P.qoft\P6Z!\P.pWblˆµp7qN!q£pWbP!debybc¡P.pOqoP€a@ƒyade\NŽvbf€q{deb,UWt{P.Y[Z!\‡^TVUµbfˆ7\f…PQb£f\ˆ7M7a@\uP.pW\ br\f pW\qˆ4jW ž\’a@b,MOd[ˆ}P.MWfU«boØ|P.pW\’cOqoP.p}c7f.bo~d[Y[UWt…qovPQ\fqŽa@\f.P.qY[U}P.pWf\N.pWb,d[ˆ}Y[Nžf.\qap7\ˆ4jl‘OMWPžP.pW\U  ž\‚aqU7UWbP’a@b,d[de\a@P`P.pW\5czqoP.p‰c7fbo~zde\N¢vbf`P.p7\5f.\Z€qY”U7Y[UWt!cOqofP†bvHP.pW\…Z!\P.pWblˆhvb,d[deb `Y[UWt€P.pW\…pWbP debybc¬‡’XpW\f.\vbf.\j YePY”N`p7qof ˆ‰PQb„a@b,U"PQf.b,dP.pW\Žbr\fpW\qˆ£MON.Y[UWt6quN.Y”UWt,de\8P.pWf\N.pWb,d[ˆsa@b,M7U"P`PQb„a@br\f P.pW\’ †pWb,d[\Z!\P.p7byˆ4‡HXp7\‚ÙÚW¥®™¥ÑlÛ6•@ÚO®­®ÙšoÚs@­ۆ˜œÙÚ"—wvfqZ!\ žbf.¹«bv)¨†f UWb,d[ˆ}qU7ˆu܃lˆW\f8g&im2n¬p7qN q€N.Y”Z€Y[d[qofžc7f.b‘Od[\ZÝPQb€‘ \8ˆW\N.a@fYe‘ \ˆud[qoPQ\f‡ X-bÖNQb,der\£P.p7\NQ\£c7f.b‘Od[\Z€Nj J\£c7fbcb,N.\{qÖUW\ Þb,U7d[Y[U7\|cOqoP.pßc7f.bo~zd[Y”UWt#vfqZ!\ žbf.¹jwaqd[de\ˆ ¥®™¥Ñ7ЮÑl™Q­oœ4˜l­,®¯«˜™SšS›0œÙÚ"—{]àlá0á“_ j¬N.M7YeP.qo‘zde\Žvbf‚L,TVXÍa@b,Z€cOY[de\fN‡ŽX†pW\޹\ƒ{Y”ˆW\q„Y[N’PQbhcOqofP.YeP.Yeb,U£q Z!\P.pWblˆ„Y[U"PQb€q!p7Ye\fqof ap"ƒ6bvÁUW\NQPQ\ˆ„tfqoczp7NjWaqd[de\ˆs@®™ Ñ7ЮÑl™.•’—™Q­ ˜O¯,¥jO\qa phbv †p7Y[a p«f\c7f.\NQ\U"P.N q8N.d”Y[a@\bv P.pW\†debybc6qoPJP.pW\t,Yer\U«deb"bc«UW\NQP0de\r\dj"qU7ˆ!P.p7\U€PQb5cOf.bo~zde\¢\qa p6tfqoczp€Y[U7ˆW\c \U7ˆ7\U>P.deƒ‡ ÓWbf\@xWqZ!cOd[\jlq!ˆ7b,MW‘Odeƒ6U7\NQPQ\ˆ„debybcupOqN“P žb6NQPQf[email protected].\’tfqocOp7NâHqUub,MWPQ\f`NQPQf[email protected]\tf qocOp„qU7ˆ qU‰Y”U7UW\fNQPQf[email protected].\8tfqoczp4‡JXp7\wb,MWPQ\f`NQPQf [email protected].\8tf qocOphY[U7ad”M7ˆW\N“f.\t,M7d”qof†UWblˆW\Nj7\qa p‰bvÁ †p7Y”ap f.\c7f\NQ\U>P.Nžq8‘zqN.Y[a‘zdebya¹!qoPJP.pW\`b,MWPQ\f“deb"bc}de\r\djlqU7ˆ6q…debybc«UWblˆW\j" †p7Y[a p€f.\c7f\NQ\U>P.NJP.pW\Y[U7UW\f debybc¬‡{XpW\uY[U7UW\f…NQPQf[email protected]\«tfqoczp#Y[UOad[M7ˆW\N5b,U7deƒ£f.\t,M7d”qofŽU7byˆW\Nj\qa pµbv† †pOY[ap#f.\c7f.\N.\U>P.NŽq ‘OqN.Y”a†‘Od[bya¹€bv)P.pW\’Y[U7U7\fždebybc¬‡ÁTSU«P.p7\t,Y[r\U}Z€\P.pWbyˆ¬jyP.p7\`PQbcOZ€b,NQP¢NQPQf[email protected]\`tfqoczp4jWaqd[de\ˆ}P.pW\ šoÑW®œÙڐ•†@®™ Ñ7ЮÑy™.•¢—,™S­ ˜z¯>jWY[NHa@b,Z!c b,NQ\ˆ!bv f.\t,M7d”qofUWbyˆ7\Nj,\qap«bv †p7Y[a p!f.\c7f.\N.\U>P.Nq8‘OqN.Y[až‘Odebla.¹ qoP¢P.pW\8p7Y[t,pW\NQP¢de\r\d bvP.pW\8Z!\P.pWblˆ4jWqU7ˆhdebybc„UWblˆW\Njl\qap‰bv- †pOY[ap}f.\c7f\NQ\U>P.N†q!UW\NQPQ\ˆhdebybc¬‡ Ô£\5MONQ\’P.pW\NQ\5NQPQf [email protected].\’tfqocOpON“PQb€a@b,d[de\a@P¢cOqoP.p„cOf.bo~zde\NjWNQP.qofP.Y[UWtŽvfb,ZÝP.pW\wPQbcOZ!b,NQP¢tf qocOp qU7ˆ6tb,Y[UWtŽˆW\\c \fJY[U"PQb5P.pW\Y[U7UW\f Z!b,NQPtfqoczp7N0b,U7\†‘yƒ!b,UW\‡ÓÁYefNQP ž\’qoc7cOdeƒ!Y[U7N.PQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U!vbf cOqoP.p{c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt«PQb„P.pW\!b,MWPQ\fZ€b,NQP8de\r\dj¬P.pOqoP8Y[Nj4PQb„P.pW\!b,MWP.d”Y[UW\ŽNQPQf[email protected]\…tf qocOp{vbfwP.p7\!t,Yer\U Z!\P.pWblˆ4‡0ã’U7a@\`P.pW\`d[byaqdOcOqoP.p€c7fbo~zde\Nqof.\’a@b,d[de\a@PQ\ˆ}qoP0P.p7\†b,MWPQ\fZ€b,NQPžd[\r\dj> ž\†tbŽˆW\\c \fJY[U"PQb P.pW\6U7\@xyP8de\r\dbvžP.p7\6NQPQf[email protected].\ŽtfqocOp7N‡6Ô£\€f.\c \qoP8P.p7Y[N’cOf.bya@\NN8M7U"P.Y[dÁ J\6f.\qap^P.pW\€‘ bPQPQb,Z de\r\dWbv P.pW\N.PQf[email protected].\¢tf qocOp7N‡ÁÓÁY[U7qd[deƒ‚ J\a@b,UONQPQfM7a@P0q5NQ\Pbvt,deb‘OqdWcOqoP.p€c7f.bo~zde\NÁvbfP.pW\¢P.qoft\P Z!\P.pWblˆ«‘"ƒ6qˆoäQM7N.P.Y[UWt8P.pW\’deblaqdOczqoP.p«cOf.bo~zde\N0bv)qd[dzbv¬P.pW\’NQPQf[email protected]\†tfqocOpON‡0àlY[U7a@\` J\’ˆWb…cOqoP.p c7f.bo~d[Y[UWtwY[U7a@f\Z!\U>P.qd”deƒŽvf.b,ZåP.pW\†PQbcude\r\dzbv4P.pW\`N.PQf[email protected].\†tfqocOp7N0PQb‚P.pW\deb ž\f“de\r\d[Nj" J\’aqU a@b,d[de\[email protected]{c7f.bo~zde\N’vbfwP.pW\! †p7b,de\Žf.\t,Yeb,U{bvžP.pW\!Z!\P.pWblˆ{ †YeP.p£deb Íbr\fpW\qˆ¬‡€Ó7MWf.P.pW\f Z!bf.\j P.p7Y[N…Z!\a p7qU7Y[N.Z»qd[deb †N…M7N5PQb{a@b,U"PQf.b,d“P.pW\«Y”U7NQPQfM7Z€\U>P.qoP.Yeb,U#vbf‚\qa pÎdeb"bcµNQ\cOqof qoPQ\deƒ^qU7ˆ#PQb ‘Oqd[qUOa@\w‘\Pª J\\U‰P.pW\8c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt…br\f pW\qˆ‰qU7ˆhP.pW\5qaaMWfqa@ƒubvÁP.pW\wf.\NM7deP.Y[UWtŽc7fbo~zde\N‡ Ô£\!Y[Z!czde\Z!\U"PQ\ˆsàláJáæY”UhP.pW\…TVç“èéL>qroq„LTSX©a@b,Z!czY[de\f…g³monÁqU7ˆsˆ7Y[ˆ‰\@xyc \fY”Z!\U>P.N† †YeP.p|P.pW\ cOqoP.puc7fbo~zd[Y[UWt‚PQ\ap7UOY["M7\wc7f.bc b,NQ\ˆ}‘"ƒ}ç“qd[d4qU7ˆ„ê)qof M7N8g&ii@n4PQb!~zU7ˆ}P.pW\’fY[t,p>P¢P.pWf\N.pWb,d[ˆ}a@b,M7U"P.N Y[Uµa@b,Z!cOqof Y[NQb,UµPQb¦P.pW\„bo½}Y[UW\„a@b,Z!cOde\PQ\„r\f N.Yeb,U4‡¡Ô£\h\roqd[M7qoPQ\ˆÎPª Jb^qN.c\[email protected]âhqaaMWfqa@ƒÎqU7ˆ br\f pW\qˆ4‡ëÓ7bfhqaaMWfqa@ƒj’ J\¦MONQ\ˆÖP.p7\Κìo•@™¥œe­ ˜¼˜7•@™QÐ •@Úz®­—"•¦Û6•®™¥ÙЦg&iknj†‘yƒ¼a@b,Z!czqofY[UWt¡P.pW\ a@b,d[de\a@PQ\ˆ«cOqoP.p6c7f.bo~zde\NÁ `YeP.p!P.pW\`bo½«Y[UW\a@b,Z!czde\PQ\†cOqoP.p6c7f.bo~zd[\N‡HãwMWfUW\ ÖvfqZ!\ žbf.¹!c \f.vbfZ€N  †YeP.p|qU|qaaM7fqa@ƒhc \fa@\U"P.qot\…bvqofb,M7U7ˆ{¸oº>íîb,U{qr\f qot\ŽMON.Y[UWt‰ioj‹ººº2RcOf.bo~zde\Ža@b,M7U"Pj `p7Y[ap|Y[N b,UW\@RPQ\U"P.p‰bvÁP.pW\5c7f.bo~zde\wa@b,M7U"Pf.\yM7Yef\ˆuPQb«qapOYe\r\5P.pW\‚N.qZ!\5de\r\d¬bvÁqaaM7fqa@ƒ„ †YeP.pWb,M7P“MON.Y[UWt b,MWfwvfqZ!\ žbf.¹‡…Xp7\‚c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt«br\fp7\qˆ^Y[N’qof.b,M7UOˆ{kRªm,íÞb,U£qr\fqot\{]Y[UsP.pW\€q[email protected]\!c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt cOp7qN.\_Jvbf`PQbP.qd¬c7f.bo~de\wa@b,M7U>P.N†fqUWt,Y[U7t…vf.b,Zïiºº6PQb‰iºlj‹ºººl‡ Xp7\8a@b,U>PQfY[‘OMWP.Yeb,U7N“bvb,MWfczqoc\f`qof.\â

?

ɀµWðƒš~¤€µ³š7ð¦—Oñ…ò.—µWóhòJð¦¥zô eñ ­~¬

Entry 10000

(a) An example of a method

1 10000 Loop2

2 19800

9800

public void m() { ... // BB1 do { ... // BB2 while (...) { // BB3 ... // BB4 if (...) return; // BB5 } ... } while (...) // BB6 ... // BB7 }

14343

3

14343

19800

4 6

0

Loop3

10000

7 10000

5 0

Exit (b) Control flow graph with edge profile counts

ÓÁYet,MWf.\€ioâ`¨`Us\@xWqZ!cOde\‚bv0quZ!\P.pWblˆ‰ †Y[P.p|q}UW\NQPQ\ˆ{debybcsqUOˆ‰P.pW\!a@bf.f\NQc b,U7ˆ7Y[UWt«a@b,U>PQf.b,d-ŸOb  tfqocOphqU7U7bP.qoPQ\ˆh †YeP.pu\ˆ7t\8c7f.bo~zd[\’a@b,MOU>P.N‡

20

25 15

100%

5

Path index (a) Collected profiles

42 23 15

10

10

100%

Ratio of count (%)

35

Ratio of count (%)

Ratio of count (%)

Overlap area of two profiles 35 23 15

10

88%

Path index

5

Path index

(b) Offline profiles

(c) Overlap percentage

ÓÁYet,MWf.\5kyâžã’r\fd[qochc \fa@\U"P.qot\‡

ڐ•÷¾šoÚOœÙڐ•€˜l­®¯s˜z™QšS›œÙÚ"—uø¥™S­oÛ6•÷0šo™ùú6Эoœœe•–^¥®™¥ÑWЮÑl™S­oœH˜l­®¯{˜z™QšS›œÙÚy—oú… ÑlÙ®­"û@œ[•8øšo™

õ×ö

ü,ýþ¼ÐšoÛ`˜zÙœe•™¥jzqU7ˆ



õ×ÿ





˜W•™ ÙÛ6•@ÚO®­œÁ–,­,®­u®š6ìo­oœÙ–,­,®•Ž®¯l•!• ’•.ЮÙìo•ڐ•¥ 5šSø‚šoÑl™8ڐ•÷|ø¥™Q­oÛ6•@÷0šo™ ù

Xp7\„f.\NQP€bvP.p7Y[N!czqoc\f€Y”NŽbf.t,qU7Ye¤\ˆ¼qN!vb,d”deb †N‡×XpW\hUW\@xlP6NQ\[email protected],U¼ˆW\N.a@fY[‘\N…P.pW\‰‘Oqa.¹"R tf.b,M7UOˆ|bvJb,MWfw žbf.¹zj¬NpWb †Y”UWt«P.p7\€qˆWr2qU"P.qot\N8bvJcOqoP.p{c7f.bo~de\N`qN5a@b,Z!cOqof.\ˆ{PQb„\ˆWt\Žc7fbo~zde\N qU7ˆ£P.p7\€Y[N.N.MW\NwY”U{b,U7d[Y[UW\…cOqoP.p£cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7tW‡…Xp7\U{ J\€ˆW\Na@fYe‘ \6àlá0áßqUOˆ¦YeP.NwY[Z!czde\Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U£Y[U ˆW\P.qY[dHY”U£àl\[email protected],U¦my‡!àl\[email protected],U{§„c7f.\NQ\U"P.NwP.pW\Ž\@xlc \fY[Z!\U"P.qdf.\N.M7deP.N’vbfw\roqd[M7qoP.Y[UWtuP.pW\!NQPQbf qot\ f.\yM7Yef.\Z€\U>P.NjP.pW\ŽqaaMWfqa@ƒj¬qU7ˆ|P.pW\…br\fp7\qˆ{ †pW\Usqoc7cOdeƒlY[UWt!P.p7Y”N†PQ\a p7U7Y[yMW\‡TVU£ày\[email protected],U{²yj  ž\†ˆ7Y[N.aMON.NHNQb,Z!\Y[Z!c7f.br\Z!\U"P.Nbv P.pW\†aMWff.\U>PJY[Z!cOde\Z€\U>P.qoP.Yeb,UŽbv)àláJá‡yày\[email protected],U}´wN.M7Z€Z6qofYe¤\N P.pW\8f\d[qoPQ\ˆ„ žbf.¹zjzqU7ˆ}~zU7qd[d[ƒuày\[email protected],Us¶…c7f.\NQ\U"P.N¢b,MWf`a@b,U7ad[M7N.Y[b,U7N‡

A

Ç

—™˜,š~›7È4ɦš~¬|—™­|š|£e—-ÈOÊÕ¥~£&—µ³˜3š¬È ËÍÌt—~´~—µ—~­| 

1 2 3 6 7

an actual hot path 1 2 3 6 7

1 2 3 6 7

2 3 6 7 4 3 6 7

2 3 4 3 6 7

4 5

5 (a) Our goal

(b) Reordering without restructuring

5 (c) Restructuring based on the path profile collected by the baseline path profiling

ÓÁYet,MWf.\5myâ0܆\NQPQf[email protected]Y[UWtŽ‘yƒ}debybchc \\d[Y[U7t



 

é.ê

ÁC

>F)I E

G

TSU£P.p7Y[N8N.\[email protected],U4j J\€\@xlcOd[qY”U{P.pW\6‘Oqa¹"tfb,M7U7ˆ£bv¢M7N.Y”UWt„cOqoP.p¦cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7t«vbf…L,TVX

a@b,Z€cOY[de\fN‡€Ô£\

~OfN.Pžˆ7Y”N.aM7N.NJP.pW\wqˆWroqU>P.qot\N¢bv-cOqoP.p}c7f.bo~zd[\N0br\f\ˆWt\wc7f.bo~de\N0‘yƒ«NpWb †Y”UWt‚pWb ÏP.pW\wqaaMWfqa@ƒ bv†pWbPŽcOqoP.p¡Y[UWvbfZ€qoP.Y[b,U#aqUµq2Ø \a@P€q‰c7fbtfqZ»f.\NQPQf[email protected]Y[UWthbcOP.Y[Z€Ye¤qoP.Yeb,U¬‡|Ô£\uP.pW\UµN.pWb   †p"ƒŽP.pW\`U7qY[r\`qoc7c7fb,qap«vbfžb,U7d[Y[U7\¢cOqoP.p6cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7t’ˆ7b"\NJUWbP0 žbf.¹! ž\d[d7PQb…‘Oqd[qU7a@\†P.pW\†c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt br\f pW\qˆ|qUOˆuP.pW\5qaaMWfqa@ƒubvÁc7f.bo~de\N‡ Xp7f.b,MWt,pWb,MWP)P.p7Y[N¬czqoc\fj ž\JM7N.\0P.pW\J\@xlqZ!czde\JN.p7b †U‚Y[U5ÓÁYet,MWf\`io‡TVU5P.pW\0\@xWqZ!cOde\j7]q>_)N.pWb †N q…Z!\P.pWblˆ6P.p7qoP“a@b,U"P.qY[U7N“q5ˆWb,M7‘Odeƒ!UW\NQPQ\ˆudebybc¬j"qUOˆs]‘_0N.pWb †NJP.pW\a@bff.\NQc b,U7ˆ7Y[U7t8a@b,U>PQf.b,dzŸOb 



tfqocOpŽqU7U7bP.qoPQ\ˆ! †YeP.p…P.pW\“\ˆWt\¢c7fbo~zde\N- †pW\U…P.pW\¢Z!\P.pWblˆ!Y[NÁaqd[de\ˆuiºlj‹ººº8P.Y”Z!\N‡



P.pW\’b,MWPQ\fdebybc

'

 ; ! #$%" &

qU7ˆ}P.pW\wY[UOUW\fžd[b"bc

cOqoP.p7NJY[U!P.pW\`Z!\P.pWblˆ4â-P.p7\`NQPQfqY[t,p>P0d”Y[UW\¢cOqoP.p qU7ˆ‰P.pW\5Y[U7U7\fdeb"bcsYePQ\fqoP.Yeb,UhcOqoP.p

†\f.\“ ž\aqd[d

jyf\NQc \[email protected]\deƒ‡HÔ£\8N.MWcOcb,N.\`P.pW\f\’qof\P.p7f.\\8pWbP



 "

j>P.p7\†b,MWPQ\fždeb"bc}YePQ\fqoP.Yeb,U€cOqoP.p

,j

†\f\jO ž\‚qN.N.MOZ!\8P.p7qoP†U7\YeP.pW\f`d[b"bc‰Y”N¢\@xy\aM7PQ\ˆ‰vbf

Z!b,NQP…bvP.pW\}\@xl\aMWP.Yeb,U7N…bvP.pW\uZ!\P.pWblˆ4jÁ‘OMWP‚P.p7qoPŽ\qapÎdebybc#Y”N‚YePQ\f qoPQ\ˆ¡p7\qrlY[deƒ£b,U7a@\„YeP…p7qN ‘ \\U„\U"PQ\f.\ˆ4‡ Ô£\8ˆW\@~UW\`P.p7\’qaaM7fqa@ƒ6bv-b,U7d[Y[UW\`c7f.bo~zd[\NJqN“P.pW\wˆW\tf\\bvqotf.\\Z!\U"P¢ †YeP.p}f.\NQc \a@PžPQb!P.pW\ bo½«Y[U7\…a@b,Z!czde\PQ\Žc7f.bo~zde\N‡’X-bhZ!\qN.M7f.\‚P.pOY[N’ˆW\tf.\\j4 ž\€M7NQ\…P.pW\!Z!\PQfY[a‚bv0br\fd[qoc¦c \fa@\U"P.qot\ g&ik2nj †pOY[ap5\r2qd[MOqoPQ\N- `p7qoP)c \fa@\U"P.qot\“bvOq`N.\P-bv7cOf.bo~zde\N)br\fd[qoczN- `YeP.p5qUWbP.p7\fNQ\Pbv7c7fbo~zde\N‡ ÓÁYet,MWf.\uksN.pWb `N‚qU¡\@xWqZ!cOde\‡sTVU#P.p7Y[N5~Ot,MWf\jq|NQ\PŽbv†a@b,d”de\a@PQ\ˆ¡c7f.bo~zde\N‚qU7ˆµq|N.\P…bv†bo½«Y[UW\ a@b,Z!cOd[\PQ\žcOf.bo~zde\N-qof.\¢N.pWb `U‚Y[Uu]q>_-qU7ˆ„]‘_¬f.\NQc \[email protected]\deƒjo\qap€bv7 †p7Y[a p‚NpWb †N †pOqoP-c \fa@\U"P.qot\ \qap‚cOqoP.p5byaaMWczYe\N¬Y[UwP.p7\PQbP.qd>cOf.bo~zde\N‡-XpW\U8 ž\0aqd[aMOd[qoPQ\0P.pW\0br\fd[qocŽqof.\q¢bvWP.p7\P žb†c7fbo~zde\N qN†NpWb †U„Y”U¦]a_ jzqU7ˆ„t\P··,íÝbvÁbr\fd”qoc|qN¢P.pW\‚qaaMWfqa@ƒubvÁP.pW\5a@b,d[de\a@PQ\ˆhc7f.bo~zde\N‡

')(+*-,

.0/‹2143”€Œ65GŒ ( .•|²Í7.8/‹2143”ƒŒ

¯J©~”

°0ˆ7t\|c7fbo~zde\N6aqUÕcOf.\ˆ7Y[a@P6p7bP}czqoP.p7N«NM7aa@\N.NQvM7d[deƒµ †p7\U¼Z!b,N.P«bv8P.p7\sa@b,U7ˆOYeP.Yeb,U7qd†‘7fqU7a pW\N qof.\«‘OY[qNQ\ˆ¦Y”U£b,UW\6ˆ7Y[f.\[email protected],U¦qU7ˆ^P.p"MON8c7f.\ˆOY[[email protected]‘Ode\j)qN‚Y[N8Pªƒ"czY[aqdbv¢UyM7Z!\fY[aqdc7f.btfqZ€N}g&i@§7j i²ljÁi´ljÁi¶n‡X†pW\ƒhaqU7UWbPj4pWb J\r\fj¬qaaM7fqoPQ\deƒ‰ˆ7Y”NQP.Y[UWt,M7Y”N.puP.pW\…cOqoP.p7NP.p7qoP’Y[U7ad[M7ˆ7\5M7U"‘OY[qNQ\ˆ a@b,U7ˆ7Y[P.Yeb,U7qd ‘7fqUOapW\NjzqN†Y[N¢Pªƒ"czY[aqd4bvHUWb,UlRUyM7Z!\fY”aqd c7f.btfqZ€N‡J¨deP.pWb,MWt,p„\ˆ7t\8c7f.bo~zd[\N¢Z€qƒ ‘ \žNMl±«aYe\U"P)vbfÁf.b,MWt,p7deƒ8ˆ7\PQ\[email protected][UWt’P.pW\“pWbP-czqoP.p7N\r\U!Y[U5P.p7\žUWb,UWRU"M7Z€\fY[aqd"c7f.btfqZ€N“g&i@§nj ž\

9

ɀµWðƒš~¤€µ³š7ð¦—Oñ…ò.—µWóhòJð¦¥zô eñ ­~¬

Entry r=1

2

4

prof[r+3]++, r=9 pcounter++

6

prof[r+2]++ pcounter++

path register

r

3 prof[r+1]++, r=5 pcounter++

prof[r]++

incrementing path counter prof[r]

pcounter

profile counter profile counter code

prof[r]++ pcounter++

instrumentation code for path profiling

Exit ÓÁYet,MWf\w§WâTVUONQPQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,Uha@blˆW\8qU7ˆhc7f.bo~zde\wa@b,M7U"PQ\f`Y”U7NQ\f.PQ\ˆu‘yƒ„çžáJá‡

UW\\ˆ…Z!bf.\žqaaMWfqoPQ\žcOqoP.p5cOf.bo~zde\N4vbfHLTSX^a@b,Z!cOY”de\fN¬PQbqoc7cOdeƒwa@blˆW\0f\NQPQf[email protected] Y[UWtqU7ˆ…qˆWroqU7a@\ˆ bc7P.Y[Z6Ye¤qoP.Yeb,U7N]N.MOap€qNd[b"bc!c \\d[Y[U7tWj,deb"bc€MOUWf.b,d[d[Y”UWtWjP.qY”dWˆ7MWcOd[Y”aqoP.Yeb,U4jqU7ˆŽcOqof.P.Y”qdlf.\ˆ7M7U7ˆOqU7a@ƒ \d[Y[Z6Y[U7qoP.Yeb,U7N¥_HPQb€P.p7\5ˆW\PQ\a@PQ\ˆ‰p7bPcOqoP.p7N¢vbf†qa p7Ye\rlY[UWt!P.pW\5pOYet,pW\NQP“c b,N.N.Ye‘zde\`c \f.vbfZ€qUOa@\‡ TSU‰ÓÁYet,MWf\«iojvbf\@xlqZ€cOde\jzY[P`Y[N`p7qofˆhPQb}c7f.\ˆOY[a@PP.pW\‚b,MWP.a@b,Z!\…bvP.pW\5‘OfqU7ap7\N`qoP’m6qU7ˆs´yj ‘ bP.psbv †p7Y[a p|qof\Žqd”Z!b,NQP\r\U£Y[U‰P.p7\Yef’‘7fqU7a psˆOYef.\[email protected],U7N‡`TSU‰P.pOY[N\@xlqZ!czde\j ‘bP.psdebybcON’qof.\ fqof.\d[ƒ„\U>PQ\f.\ˆ¬j‘zMWP`P.p7\ƒ‰qof.\ŽYePQ\fqoPQ\ˆsvbfwZ€qU"ƒ‰a@ƒlade\Nb,U7a@\ŽP.pW\ƒ‰qof.\…\U"PQ\f.\ˆ4‡’TVU|vqa@Pj4P.pW\f.\

: ";<   ;

qof.\!P.pWf\\€a@bf.f.\a@P5pWbP’cOqoP.pONj

j

=$%

,jqU7ˆ

,‡…ÓÁYet,MWf\!mW]q>_8N.pWb †N’b,MWfwtb,qdHvbf

f.\NQPQf [email protected]Y[U7t« †p7\U{ J\6qocOcOdeƒ|d[b"bc£c \\d[Y[U7t«‘OqN.\ˆ£b,U£P.pW\NQ\!P.p7f.\\6pWbPwcOqoP.pON8ˆW\PQ\a@PQ\ˆ4‡6°JˆWt\

> "!

c7f.bo~de\N0vqY[dPQbŽc7f.\ˆ7Y”[email protected]\N.\’p7bPžczqoP.p7NjWqU7ˆ} Jb,MOd[ˆ6cOf.brlY[ˆW\’qUu\NQP.Y[Z€qoPQ\ˆ„p7bPžczqoP.p



Xp7Y”N‚ `Y[d[d“de\qˆµPQb¦P.pW\„PQf qU7NQvbfZ€qoP.Yeb,UΠ`YeP.pµa@byˆW\‰f.\bfˆW\fY”UWt|‘zMWP€UWbP! †YeP.pÎd[b"bcÎc \\d[Y[U7tWj0qN N.pWb †U^Y”U¦ÓÁYet,MWf.\6mW]‘_ ‡h¨N8 ž\«ˆ7\N.a@fYe‘ \!YeP5Y[U^Z!bf.\«ˆ7\P.qY[d[N8Y[U¦P.pW\€vb,d[deb `Y[UWthNQ\[email protected],U¬jq|U7qYer\

@?BA:A

qoc7c7fb,qap„vbfb,U7d[Y”UW\`czqoP.puc7f.bo~zd[Y”UWt}] ž\8 †Y[d”dzaqd[d4Y[P“qN

!

D$%"

qU7ˆ

C 

0_žaqU„cOf.\ˆ7Y[a@Pžb,U7deƒ«P žb€cOqoP.p7Nj

j7qU7ˆuP.p7Y”N“ †Y[d[dde\qˆ„PQb!P.pW\wPQf qU7NQvbfZ€qoP.Yeb,UhNpWb †U„Y”U}ÓÁYet,M7f.\5mW]a_ ‡“ã’M7fžtb,qd-Y[N

PQbuˆW\PQ\[email protected],NQ\ŽpWbPcOqoP.p7NZ!bf.\ŽqaaMWfqoPQ\deƒ| †p7Y[a p‰N.pWb,MOd[ˆ‰de\qˆ|PQbuP.pW\5PQf qU7NQvbfZ€qoP.Yeb,U{N.pWb †U Y[U„ÓÁYet,MWf\5mW]q>_ ‡ áÁqoP.p€cOf.bo~zde\NÁqof.\qwN.M7c\f NQ\PÁbvz\ˆWt\†c7f.bo~zde\NÁqU7ˆ€ J\aqU!\qNY[deƒ5t\U7\fqoPQ\\ˆWt\cOf.bo~zde\Nvf.b,Z

FE

cOqoP.p#c7f.bo~zd[\N‡

`qZ!\d[ƒj‘yƒ¦a@b,d[de\[email protected]”UWt‰cOqoP.p#c7f.bo~de\Nj) ž\uaqU#qoc7czdeƒ{‘bP.p^bc7P.Y[Z€Y[¤qoP.Yeb,U7Nâ…b,UW\

‘OqNQ\ˆ}b,U}cOqoP.p}c7f.bo~de\NJqUOˆ«P.p7\`bP.pW\f¢‘zqNQ\ˆ6b,Uu\ˆ7t\cOf.bo~zde\N‡Ô£\8aqUuˆW\qd †YeP.p«‘ bP.p6c7fbo~zde\N M7U7Y[vbfZ6deƒ}Y”U|b,M7f8àWá0áævf qZ!\ Jbf¹zj4P.pWb,M7t,p| ž\Žc7fY[Z6qofY[deƒuN.pWb ŒP.p7\ŽaqN.\…bvJcOqoP.psc7f.bo~zd”Y[UWt€vbf P.pW\8f\NQP¢bvÁP.p7Y[N“cOqoc \f‡

')(G'IH

03 J.J³²ÍK.0/‹2143!!ªÜ©

Œ>ŒÍ“Ü”ƒŒW!ªT‹Eª !!ª•”

XpW\‚a@fYeP.Y[aqd4Y[NN.MW\8Y[U„b,UOd[Y[UW\’cOqoP.p‰c7f.bo~zd[Y”UWt!Y[NpWb 

L

qU7ˆ„P.p7\‚qaaMWfqa@ƒ„bvÁP.pW\5f.\N.M7deP.Y”UWt!c7f.bo~zd[\N‡

PQb€‘Oqd”qU7a@\8‘ \P ž\\U‰P.p7\8c7f.bo~zd”Y[UWtŽbr\fp7\qˆ

U7d[Ye¹\wbo½«Y”UW\wcOqoP.phcOf.bo~zd[Y[U7t„g³´yjii¥njOP.pW\5P.Y[Z!\8vbf

a@b,d[de\[email protected]”UWt!c7f.bo~zd[\N¢Y[N¢d[Y[Z€Y[PQ\ˆ4jl\r\U‰Yev- J\5qocOcOdeƒ«Y[P¢b,U7deƒ6PQb«q!v\ ©pWbP†Z!\P.pWblˆ7N‡ TSU^bf ˆW\f‚PQb£a@b,d[d[\a@P…qaaMWf qoPQ\}czqoP.p^c7fbo~zde\N‚ †YeP.p^a@b,U"r\U"P.Yeb,U7qd“cOqoP.p#c7f.bo~zd”Y[UWt„PQ\apOU7Y[yMW\Nj  ž\…Z…M7NQP’Y[U7aMWf`c7f.bo~zd”Y[UWt!br\f pW\qˆ£Y[U|c7f.bc bf.P.Yeb,U‰PQb«P.pW\ŽUyM7Z5‘ \fbv\@xl\aMWPQ\ˆscOqoP.p7Nvbf\r\f.ƒ Y[U"rbyaqoP.Y[b,U#bv`P.pW\„Z!\P.pWblˆ4‡£Xp7Y[N‚Z!\qU7NŽP.p7qoPŽP.pW\}tf.b P.pµbv†P.pW\}c7f.bo~d[Y[UWthbr\fpW\qˆ×aqUµ‘ \ \@xlcOdeb,N.Yer\Y[vzP.pW\`Z!\P.pWblˆ€Y[U7ad[MOˆW\NÁNQb,Z!\†pWbPJdeb"bczN‡-TVv  J\`d[Y[Z€YePP.pW\PQbP.qda@b,M7U"P.Nbv P.pW\†a@b,d”de\a@PQ\ˆ

2

c7f.bo~de\NH †YeP.p«q8P.pWf\N.pWb,d[ˆ«Y[U!bfˆW\fžPQb‚qrb,Y[ˆ}P.p7Y[NH\@xlcOdeb,NYeb,U€‘yƒ€M7N.Y[U7twP.pW\Ž•V˜O¯l•@Û6•™S­oœ4ÙÚW@®™ ÑlÛ6•@Ú

M

Ç

—™˜,š~›7È4ɦš~¬|—™­|š|£e—-ÈOÊÕ¥~£&—µ³˜3š¬È ËÍÌt—~´~—µ—~­| 

X-qo‘zde\€ioâ0áÁqoP.phc7fbo~zde\N¢a@b,d[de\a@PQ\ˆ‰‘"ƒuç“á0á‡

A

A

†­®¯„Ùڐ–>•

N

†­®¯, i

“Ú7œÙڐ•˜z™QšS›œ[•¥

°0U"PQf.ƒ>Ri¥RªkRªmR§oRª²R°xlY[P

k

°0U"PQf.ƒ>Ri¥RªkRªmR§oR ]m,_ m

°0U"PQf.ƒ>Ri¥RªkRªmRª´RV¶R°xlY[P

§ ² ´

×ÙÚ •˜z™SšQ›œe•@

º

º ²

ik2§

m2§>² ¸yj³§>´k

°0U"PQf.ƒ>Ri¥RªkRªmRª´R ]k,_

º

]§"_RªmR§oRª²R°HxWYeP

º

]§"_RªmR§oR ]m,_ ¶

N)O

i¸m º

i´,¶

imyj ´´oº

§

m2§>²

]§"_RªmRª´RV¶R°HxWYeP

·

]§"_RªmRª´R ]k,_

º

¸

]´,_RªkRªmR§oRª²R°HxWYeP

º

iº

]´,_RªkRªmR§oR ]m,_

º

ii

]´,_RªkRªmRª´RV¶R°HxWYeP

º

i¸m

ik

]´,_RªkRªmRª´R ]k,_

º

¸yj k´¸

þzš®­oœ

mm· º mm·

moºº

Entry 124

1 0

2

167

3 4 6 7

5

Exit

x

a hot path detected by BPP a hot path missed by BPP online count of a path profile



ÓÁYet,MWf.\8²yâ

`bP†czqoP.p7NˆW\PQ\a@PQ\ˆ‰‘"ƒ„ç“á0á‡

P

m2§Wj[i@§>m

ɀµWðƒš~¤€µ³š7ð¦—Oñ…ò.—µWóhòJð¦¥zô eñ ­~¬

®­®ÙšoÚ}PQ\ap7U7Y”"MW\}g&i·2njO ž\‚aqU7U7bP†t,M7qofqU"PQ\\5P.pOqoP†P.pW\5a@b,d”de\a@PQ\ˆ‰czqoP.phc7f.bo~de\N¢a@br\f’P.pW\‚ †pWb,de\ f.\t,Yeb,Uµbv`P.pW\„Z!\P.pWblˆ4‡^ÓWbf6\@xlqZ!czde\j0YevP.p7\„P.qof.t\P€pWbP€Z!\P.pWblˆµp7qN!NQ\r\fqd¢ˆOY[NäQb,Y[U>PŽdebybcONj b,UW\«bv¢ †p7Y[a p¦YePQ\fqoPQ\N…vbf‚q‰d[b,UWt‰P.Y[Z€\j-P.pW\U#YeP‚Y”N5ˆ7Y&±}aM7deP’PQbsa@b,d”de\[email protected]^c7f.bo~zd[\N8vbf5\r\f.ƒ debybc6\r\U7d[ƒ‡HTVU}NQb,Z!\aqNQ\NjlcOqoP.p«c7f.bo~zde\N0vbf“NQb,Z!\debybcONJaqUOUWbP0\r\U}‘ \`a@b,d[d[\a@PQ\ˆ«Yev c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt Y[N’PQ\fZ6Y[U7qoPQ\ˆ£PQbybh\qofdeƒ‡€X†p7qoP8Y[Nj¬P.p7\€a@b,M7U>PQ\f‚f.\qap7\N5P.pW\!P.p7f.\N.pWb,d[ˆs‘ \vbf.\€a@b,d[de\[email protected][U7t„cOqoP.p c7f.bo~de\N“vbf†bP.pW\f`debybcON“ †pOY[de\P.pW\w~OfN.PpWbPdebybc‰Y[N¢NQP.Y[d”dY[PQ\fqoP.Y[UWtW‡

`\f.\‚Y”N¢qUh\@xWqZ!cOde\8 ž\5ˆW\f Yer\ˆ„‘yƒuqocOcOdeƒlY[UWtŽP.pW\5ç“qd[d&Rê-qofM7N“PQ\a p7U7Y[yMW\«g&ii@n-PQb6b,U7d[Y”UW\wM7NQ\j P.pWb,MWt,p^YePw žqN5bfYet,Y[UOqd[deƒ‰ˆW\NYet,UW\ˆ{vbf5qU¦bo½«Y”UW\€M7NQ\‡!TSU£bfˆW\f5PQb‰a@b,U>PQfb,dP.pW\€PQbP.qdJU"MOZ5‘ \f bvc7fbo~zde\Njz J\ŽM7NQ\…q6c7fbo~zde\5a@b,M7U"PQ\f’PQb}N.PQbc{a@b,d”de\[email protected][UWt«c7f.bo~zde\N†vbf’\qa p|P.qoft\P’Z€\P.pWbyˆsqovPQ\f qut,Yer\U£a@b,U7N.P.qU>P5UyM7Z‚‘ \fbvJcOqoP.p7Nwqof.\€a@b,d”de\a@PQ\ˆ4‡5Ô£\«aqd[dÁP.p7Y[Nr\fN.Y[b,U|bvžP.pW\ŽcOqoP.p{c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt

Q?

PQ\apOU7Y[yMW\

RA

­2•œÙڐ•

SA

­,®¯

¢™SšQ›œÙÚ"—u]ç“á0á“_ ‡

ÓÁYet,MWf\§Wj7Xqo‘Ode\!ioj7qU7ˆuÓÁYet,MWf\w²…N.p7b ÏP.pW\wf.\NM7dePžbv-ç“á0áΠ`pW\U} J\8qoc7czd[Ye\ˆ}YePJPQb!P.p7\8N.qZ!\ Z!\P.pWblˆ{qN’N.pWb `UsY”U|ÓÁYet,MWf\«i… †p7Y[d[\5a@b,d[de\[email protected][U7tumoººuc7fbo~zde\N‡ÓY[t,MWf.\…§uNpWb †NP.pW\ŽY[U7N.PQfM7Z!\UlR P.qoP.Yeb,Uha@blˆW\8t\U7\fqoPQ\ˆh‘yƒ}ç“áJáÖY[U7ad”M7ˆ7Y[UWt‚NQb,Z!\5a@blˆW\wvbf†q!c7f.bo~de\a@b,MOU>PQ\f`vbf†a@b,U"PQf.b,d[d”Y[UWtŽP.pW\ PQbP.qd4UyM7Z5‘ \fJbv)N.qZ!cOd[\NJa@b,d[d[\a@PQ\ˆ«vbf“\qap}cOqoP.p4‡Xqo‘Ode\…i’N.pWb `N0‘ bP.p«P.pW\`b,UOd[Y[UW\r\f N.Yeb,UuqU7ˆ P.pW\“bo½«Y[U7\0r\fN.Y[b,U‚bvzP.pW\“cOqoP.p…c7f.bo~zd[\N-a@b,d[d[\a@PQ\ˆ4‡X†pW\Jbo½}Y[UW\žr\fN.Yeb,UŽˆW\PQ\a@PQ\ˆ!P.p7f.\\žp7bPczqoP.p7Nj

UTWV"X ; WYTV;X UTWV"X # j

#

YTV;X

j qU7ˆ

-8'

B

YePQ\fqoP.Y[b,U{bv

4

bv

'

'

WUTV;X

j †p7Y[d[\wP.pW\‚b,UOd[Y[UW\wr\fNYeb,U|ˆ7\PQ\a@PQ\ˆ{b,U7deƒ„P žbupWbP`czqoP.p7Nj

ZYTV;X

‡HTVU}bP.pW\f“ žbfˆ7NjlP.pW\b,U7d[Y[U7\r\fN.Yeb,UuZ€Y”N.NQ\ˆ«P.pW\p7bPžczqoP.p4j

-8'

;

qU7ˆ

jl †p7Y”ap«f.\c7f.\NQ\U"P.NžP.pW\

j)‘ \aqM7NQ\!ç“á0á©NQPQbc7c \ˆ{P.pW\!cOqoP.p{c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt}‘ \vbf\…\@xl\aMWP.Y[U7t„P.pW\!‘Oqa.¹\ˆ7t\

‡žXpW\wP.p7Y[a¹„qof.f.b `N†Y[U„ÓÁYet,MWf\‚²!N.pWb ßP.pW\5q[email protected]d-pWbP†cOqoP.p7Nd[qo‘ \de\ˆu `YeP.puP.pW\YefcOf.bo~zde\

a@b,M7U"P.N†qNa@b,d”de\a@PQ\ˆh‘yƒ}ç“áJá-‡ ÓÁYet,MWf\!mW]a_8N.pWb †N’P.pW\!f.\N.MOdeP’bvJP.pW\€d[b"bc{c \\d[Y[UWt}‘yƒsM7NY[UWt}P.pW\€qo‘ br\6ç“á0á

c7f.bo~zd[\N‡‚¨d&R

P.pWb,MWt,p#P.p7Y[N8f.\N.M7deP‚Y[N8‘ \PQPQ\f…P.p7qU¦P.pW\«b,UW\6‘yƒ¦M7N.Y”UWt„P.pW\}\ˆWt\6c7fbo~zde\N6]ÓÁYet,MWf\}mW]‘_Q_ jYeP‚NQP.Y[d[d

[ "

vqY[d[N“PQb€bc7P.Y”Z€Ye¤\wP.pW\8pWbP†cOqoP.p4j

>j7‘ \aqM7NQ\5ç“á0á¼aqU7UWbP†ˆ7\PQ\a@P`YeP‡

2

¨îc b,N.NYe‘Ode\€qdePQ\f U7qoP.Yer\„qoc7c7f.b,qa p¡vbf…b,U7d[Y[U7\€cOqoP.p¡c7f.bo~zd”Y[UWthY[N‚PQb|\Z€cOdebƒ^P.pW\|ÙÚW@®™ ÑlÛ6•@Ú

®­®ÙšoÚ©@­oÛ`˜zœÙÚy—¦vfqZ!\ žbf.¹æc7f.bc b,NQ\ˆÕ‘yƒ¼¨`fUWb,d[ˆÏqU7ˆÏ܆ƒyˆ7\f^g&im2n5qU7ˆÏqoc7cOd[ƒ¼ç“á0áî `YeP.p7Y[U P.p7qoP‚vfqZ€\ Jbf.¹‡uXpW\!vfqZ!\ žbf.¹{c\fvbfZ6N8a@byˆ7\6ˆ7MWcOd”Y[aqoP.Yeb,U{qU7ˆ^MONQ\N8q‰a@b,Z€cOY[de\fQRY”U7NQ\f.PQ\ˆ4j a@b,M7U"PQ\fQR‘OqNQ\ˆ}N.qZ!czd[Y[UWt’PQ\apOU7Y[yMW\PQbŽNQ †YeP.a p€a@b,U>PQfb,dO‘ \P ž\\U«P.pW\`Y[UONQPQfM7Z!\U"PQ\ˆ!a@blˆW\`qU7ˆ6P.pW\ UWb,UlRY”U7NQPQfM7Z€\U>PQ\ˆ¡a@byˆ7\‡^XpW\„N.qZ!czd[Y[UWthf qoPQ\ha@b,U>PQf.b,d”NŽ‘bP.p¡P.pW\uc7fbo~zd[Y[UWt|br\fp7\qˆ×qU7ˆ¡P.pW\ yM7qd[YePªƒ|bv¢P.pW\6c7f.bo~zde\N‡«Xp7Y”NwZ€qƒ¦N.Y[t,U7Y&~zaqU"P.deƒ‰f\ˆ7M7a@\€P.pW\«br\fqd”dbr\f pW\qˆ^bv¢P.p7\€fM7U"P.Y[Z!\ c7f.bo~d[Y[UWt« †pW\U{a@b,Z!cOqof.\ˆ{ `YeP.psP.pW\!bo½«Y[UW\Žc7fbo~zd[Y[UWtWj‘OMWP’YeP’ †Y[d”d)‘ \Žˆ7Y&±«aM7d[P`PQbhˆW\PQ\f Z€Y[UW\ŽqU qoc7c7fbc7fY[qoPQ\}N.qZ!cOd[Y”UWt„fqoPQ\uvbf…\qapµP.qoft\PŽZ€\P.pWbyˆ¬‡‰TVv¢ J\uNQ\PŽq|deb ¾NqZ!cOd[Y[U7thfqoPQ\jYeP… †Y[d[d P.qo¹\wq5deb,U7t5P.Y[Z!\`PQb‚a@b,d[d[\[email protected]\U"MOZ5‘ \f0bv4cOf.bo~zde\N0f.\"MOYef.\ˆ€qU7ˆ«P.p7Y[NJaqU«d[\qˆ6PQbŽˆW\d[qƒyN0bv¬P.pW\ f.\a@b,Z!czY[d[qoP.Yeb,U7Nvbf8bc7P.Y[Z6Ye¤qoP.Yeb,U7N’M7N.Y”UWt«P.p7\!c7f.bo~zde\Žf.\NM7deP.N‡‚TªvJ J\€M7N.\€q„p7Yet,p{N.qZ!cOd”Y[UWt}fqoPQ\j YeP’ †Y[d”d)a@b,d[de\[email protected]\ŽUyM7Z‚‘ \fbvJc7f.bo~zd[\N`f\"M7Y[f.\ˆ‰\qof d[Ye\fj4‘OM7PYePwY[Nc b,N.N.Y[‘Ode\5PQbhZ6Y[N.N`c7f.bo~zde\Nvbf NQb,Z!\‚pWbPdebybcON‡

\ ^] ÁC

[_a`&éEç bc`&è edB_

ç è"I&êƒç,Ieèé

XpW\…Z€qäQbfcOf.b‘Ode\Z

,F

K E



Y”U|ç“á0áÕqN’ˆW\N.a@f Ye‘ \ˆhY[UhP.p7\‚c7f\ryYeb,MON†NQ\[email protected],U{Y[N†P.p7qoP J\ŽaqU7UWbP’a@b,U>PQfb,d

P.pW\5UyM7Z‚‘ \f¢bv-c7fbo~zde\N¢Y[U7ˆ7\c\UOˆW\U>P.d[ƒ!vbf\qa p‰bvP.pW\5d[b"bcON¢a@b,U"P.qY[UW\ˆ|Y[UuP.pW\wP.qof.t\PZ!\P.pWblˆ4j qU7ˆ¡P.pyM7N!p7qr\„PQb{\@xl\aMWPQ\„P.pW\„debybcONŽqd[džP.pW\u žqƒ#PQb£a@b,Z!czde\P.Yeb,U¡PQb£t\P!P.pW\uc7f.bo~zd[\N5vbf!P.pW\  †pWb,d[\wf.\t,Yeb,U„bvP.pW\5Z!\P.p7byˆ4‡ TSU{bfˆW\fwPQbhqˆ7ˆ7f.\N.N’P.p7Y[Nc7fb‘Ode\Z„j  ž\!c7f.bc b,NQ\!q„UW\ Íb,U7d[Y”UW\‚cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7t6vfqZ!\ žbf.¹zj-aqd[de\ˆ NQPQf[email protected]qdczqoP.pÖc7fbo~zd[Y[UWtÖ]àWá0áž_ j“N.M7Y[P.qo‘Ode\„vbfuL,TVX

f

a@b,Z!cOY[d[\fN‡ßXpW\|¹\ƒÖY[ˆW\q^bv‚àlá0áÝY[N6PQb

—™˜,š~›7È4ɦš~¬|—™­|š|£e—-ÈOÊÕ¥~£&—µ³˜3š¬È ËÍÌt—~´~—µ—~­|  Ç

Entry

E1

1

E2

E3

1->2

2->3

1

2

2

2 6->7

3

4->5

4 6 5

4

4->5

6 7

3

3

7

3->6 4->5

5 6->7

Exit (a) Control Flow Graph

X1

X2

X3

(b) outline (c) loop structure (d) loop structure graph of loop 3 structure graph graph of loop 2

a regular node representing a basic block a counting node a normal edge a loop node representing a loop a virtual edge representing the entry/exit of loop

ÓÁYet,MWf.\8´yâ“àlPQf[email protected].\’tfqoczp7N¢vbfP.pW\w\@xWqZ!cOde\‡

cOqof.P.Y[P.Yeb,U5P.p7\žP.qoft\PZ!\P.pWblˆ…Y”U>PQb’q’p7Ye\fqofa p>ƒ5bvzUW\NQPQ\ˆŽtf qocOp7Njaqd[de\ˆŽNQPQf [email protected].\žtfqocOp7Nj2‘zqNQ\ˆ b,U}P.pW\wdebybcuN.PQf[email protected].\bv)P.p7\’Z€\P.pWbyˆ¬jyqU7ˆ}P.pW\U„qocOcOdeƒ!cOqoP.p}c7f.bo~d[Y[UWt8PQb!\qa p„NQPQf[email protected].\`tf qocOp Y[U7ˆ7\c\UOˆW\U>P.d[ƒ‡`TSU|a@b,UONQPQf[email protected][U7t}NQPQf [email protected].\ŽtfqocOpONjz\qa p£bv0P.p7\…Y[UOUW\fd[b"bcON’Y[N`f.\ˆ7MOa@\ˆsY”U>PQb„q N.Y[U7t,de\UWblˆW\j>NQb8 ž\`aqU6c \f.vbf ZÍcOqoP.p!c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt’vbf0\qa p«NQPQf [email protected].\¢tfqoczp€ †YeP.p7b,MWPH Jbff.ƒyY”UWtwP.pW\ br\f pW\qˆ‰bvc7f.bo~d[Y[UWtŽY[U7UW\fd[b"bcON‡ XpOY[N„qoc7c7f.b,qa p

aqUßN.b,der\¦P.pW\¦cOf.b‘Ode\Z

bvŽb,U7d[Y”UW\|czqoP.pßc7f.bo~d[Y[UWt¡vbf‰P.pW\¦vb,d[deb `Y[UWtµP žb

f.\qNQb,UON‡¢ÓY[fNQPj7‘ \aqM7NQ\5 J\…q[email protected]\…cOqoP.p‰c7f.bo~zd[Y”UWtŽb,U7deƒ}vbfb,UW\5de\r\d)bvHP.pW\5p7Y[\fqofap"ƒubvHP.pW\ UW\NQPQ\ˆ{debybcONjz J\!aqU{d[Y[Z6YeP¢P.pW\…c7f.bo~zd[Y”UWt!br\fp7\qˆ4‡‚ày\a@b,U7ˆ4j‘ \aqM7NQ\… J\Ža@b,d[de\a@P’q}U"M7Z‚‘ \f`bv N.qZ!czd[Y[UWt,N’N.Ml±}aYe\U>P.d[ƒ‰d[qof.t\!vbfw\qap#NQPQf[email protected]\…tf qocOp4j¬ ž\€aqU£f.\a@br\f‚p7Yet,pOdeƒ‰qaaMWfqoPQ\6cOqoP.p c7f.bo~de\N“bv-P.p7\8 †pWb,de\8Z€\P.pWbyˆuvf.b,ZîP.p7\5deblaqd cOqoP.phc7fbo~zde\N‡ TSU€P.p7Y”N0NQ\[email protected],U¬j" ž\~Of NQP0Y[U"PQf.blˆ7M7a@\NQb,Z!\’ˆW\@~zUOYeP.Yeb,U7NÁbv¬NQPQf [email protected].\tf qocOp7N0qUOˆ€P.pW\U}ˆW\N.a@fY[‘\ \qap‚cOp7qN.\Hbv7àWá0á‰Y”UwˆW\P.qY[dâ¬a@b,U7N.PQf[email protected],U5bvlN.PQf[email protected].\Htf qocOp7N¬Y[U5àl\[email protected],U‚my‡ kyjot\UW\fqoP.Y[b,U8bvlP.pW\ Y[U7N.PQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,Uha@blˆW\ŽY[U|ày\[email protected],U{my‡ myj P.pW\5cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7tŽa@b,U"PQf.b,d[d[\fY[U{ày\[email protected],U{my‡³§WjqUOˆ‰t\UW\f qoP.Yeb,U bvP.pW\8t,deb‘Oqd cOf.bo~zde\N¢Y[U‰àl\[email protected],U‰my‡ ²y‡JÓÁY[UOqd[deƒ€ ž\8ˆW\N.a@fY[‘\wqU„\@xWqZ!cOd[\wbv-bc7P.Y”Z€Ye¤qoP.Yeb,U7N¢MON.Y[UWt P.pW\8f\N.M7deP.N¢Y[U‰àl\[email protected],U‰my‡ ´y‡

g[(+*

Z/ Ch C/

U/ i.

§K² “ ²“ ”$© ͐ J•Œ

¨N.PQf[email protected].\utfqoczpÎY[N!ˆW\@~zUW\ˆµqN!q{tfqoczpµP.p7qoP€a@b,U7N.Y[N.P.NŽbvUWblˆW\N…f.\c7f\NQ\U>P.Y”UWt{‘OqN.Y[a}‘Odebla.¹lN bfwdebybcONj qU7ˆs\ˆWt\N’f.\c7f.\N.\U>P.Y[U7t6P.pW\Ža@b,U>PQfb,dŸOb 

‘ \P ž\\U{P.pW\ŽUWbyˆ7\N‡wÓWbfw\@xlqZ€cOde\j ÓY[t,MWf.\

´£N.p7b †N6P.pWf.\\‰NQPQf [email protected].\htf qocOp7N€a@b,U7N.PQfM7a@PQ\ˆ×vf.b,ZéP.pW\hbfYet,Y”U7qd¢a@b,U>PQfb,dŸOb tfqoczpÎvbf«P.pW\

4

Z!\P.pWblˆ€Y[U6ÓY[t,MWf.\8io‡

†\f\jyqw‘ b,d[ˆ!aY[fade\N.pWb †Nq!œešš ˜{Úzš–>•jyqUOˆ€q8ˆ7qN.p7\ˆ€d[Y[UW\¢N.p7b †Nq€ìÙ™¥®Ñ7­oœ

•.–—"•`P.p7qoPf.\c7f.\N.\U>P.N’qUs\ˆWt\…\U>PQ\fY”UWt}Y”U>PQb}P.pW\Ždeb"bcsbfwqU‰\ˆ7t\…\@xWYeP.Y[U7t6vf.b,ZP.p7\…debybc¬‡XpW\ d[qo‘ \d bv\qap|ryYefP.M7qd\ˆWt\‚N.p7b †N¢P.p7\8a@bf.f.\NQc b,U7ˆ7Y”UWtŽ\ˆWt\5Y[UuP.pW\wbf Yet,Y[U7qd4a@b,U"PQf.b,d4Ÿzb ßtfqoczp4‡ Xp7\f.\¢qof.\¢P žb8¹lY[U7ˆ7N-bvN.PQf[email protected].\“tfqoczp7Nâ-qU€b,MWP.d[Y[UW\“NQPQf[email protected].\“tfqocOp!qU7ˆ!qwd[b"bc!NQPQf[email protected].\ tfqocOp¬‡¨`UµšoÑW®œÙڐ•‚@®™ Ñ7ЮÑy™.•8—,™S­¥˜O¯6Y[N†ˆ7\@~zUW\ˆ‰qNq€tf qocOp|Y”U„ †p7Y[a ph\r\f.ƒ|NQPQf.b,UWt,deƒ„a@b,U7U7\a@PQ\ˆ f.\t,Yeb,U¡Y[N‚f.\cOd[qa@\ˆ# †YeP.p#q|d[b"bcµUWblˆW\6Y[U#P.pW\«a@b,U"PQf.b,dJŸOb ¾tf qocOp4‡|X†pW\sÐ šoÑlÚO®ÙÚy—{Úzš–>•ŽbvP.pW\ b,MWP.d[Y”UW\5NQPQf[email protected].\5tf qocOp|Y”N`ˆW\@~UW\ˆ‰qNP.pW\ŽUWblˆW\5f.\cOf.\NQ\U"P.Y[UWt6P.p7\…Z!\P.p7byˆ|\U>PQfƒ‡`TVvHP.pW\…\U>PQf.ƒ

j

ɀµWðƒš~¤€µ³š7ð¦—Oñ…ò.—µWóhòJð¦¥zô eñ ­~¬

kYlnm2oZpqYrilnp £&—~´™› €µ Us ¦—~ž utkîñâõìþwv x ±ôÍî,óî3ûâ÷>ñ¹î ðìÍóÍñâû¹ìÍí ì côÍûâ÷Žöõwy  › J‚ ¥™¥™ž Gyü)y  › •‚ ¥E¥™ž ð,÷Ží¡íïòïóôgñ¹õî öûâìðîþýûâî —~­|— –YŽ M &{|{Nø8ñ¹ûâý ðñ¹ýûâî ôŽû ÷>öõ\ðìÍó øñâû¹ý€ðñ¹òïìŽó P BŠ mWlnp‹oü)v qYm úC÷ î@íïì ìŽö\óìþî3øJü0ìÍûe÷>íïí³ò¡ó óî,ûeíïì ìŽö øùòïó  z f Š mlnp‹ o!Œ …Ž í¡ì ìÍöÿóìþîøùì>ü  z qUm j ’ ðìÍû¹ûâî3ø¹öƒìŽó þòïóôtí¡ì ìŽökø8ñ¹ûâý ðñâýûâî@ôÍûâ÷Žöõ ø•ñ¹ì  …  z6‘“T ð õ ÷>óôÍî@þî3ø8ñ¹òïó ÷Äñâò¡ìÍó\ìŽüE÷Ží¡í³òïó ðìÍúÕò¡óôCîþôŽîø•ñ¹ì  … ÷>ó þÿúC÷ î òïû8ñâý ÷>í³î3óñ¹û x îþôŽîøùì>ü   z ðìÍû¹ûâî3ø¹ö€ìÍó þòïóôtñ¹ìgñ¹õî3ú ð õ ÷>óôÍî@ø¹ìŽý ûâð,î@ìŽüE÷Ží¡í³ìÍýñ¹ôÍìŽòïóôÕî3þôÍî3øJñ¹ì  … ÷>ó€þúC÷ î òïû¹ñ¹ý ÷Ží³î ò ñeîþôŽîø x|x ìŽü   z ð,ìŽûâû¹îø8öƒìŽó€þò¡ó ô9ñâìtñâõî,ú x p”UqYqYm x p”YqUqYm lÉ





y

ð





Ž



?,

Ž/o

A>





1

o



@

1

,

¢/o



  

1



:>

;,

1 ž



1 “

V

.9

?

A,

ÓY[t,MWf.\‚¶"â0¨detbfYeP.pOZÝPQb6a@b,U7NQPQfMOa@P†NQPQf[email protected].\wtfqocOp7N‡

UWblˆW\8Y[Nd[byaqoPQ\ˆhY”Uhq€debybc¬jWP.pW\8debybc‰UWblˆW\8a@bf.f\NQc b,U7ˆ7Y[UWtŽPQb€P.p7\5debybc‰Y[N¢M7NQ\ˆhvbfP.p7\5a@b,M7U"P.Y[UWt UWblˆW\‡ÓÁYet,MWf.\5´W]‘ _“N.pWb †N¢P.pW\8b,M7P.d[Y[UW\wNQPQf[email protected].\’tfqocOp„vbfP.pW\‚Z!\P.pWblˆ4‡ ¨¾œešš ˜^@®™ Ñ7ЮÑl™.•w—™Q­ ˜O¯€Y[N†ˆW\@~zUW\ˆ„qNq!tfqocOphvbf`\qapsdeb"bc|pW\qˆW\f`U7byˆW\j7ˆ7\PQ\a@PQ\ˆsqN†P.pW\ P.qof.t\PÁUWblˆW\Hbv7q‘Oqa¹\ˆWt\j,qU7ˆ‚YeP4vbf Z€N)q`NQPQf.b,UWt,deƒ’a@b,U7UW\a@PQ\ˆ…f.\t,Y[b,U8Y[U7ad[MOˆ7Y[UWtžP.pW\Jd[b"bc5p7\qˆW\f UWblˆW\‡uTªv¢P.p7\«NQPQf.b,U7t,deƒ£a@b,U7UW\a@PQ\ˆ¡f.\t,Yeb,U#a@b,U>P.qY[UON‚NQb,Z€\6bP.pW\fŽdebybc#pW\qˆW\fŽUWblˆW\N8P.pOqoP5vbfZ Y[U7U7\f“N.PQf.b,UWt,deƒ}a@b,U7UW\a@PQ\ˆhf\t,Yeb,U7NjWP.pW\ƒuqof.\wf.\czd[qa@\ˆu †YeP.p„debybchUWblˆW\N‡Xp7\’a@b,MOU>P.Y[U7t€UWbyˆ7\bv P.pW\ŽdebybcsNQPQf [email protected].\‚tfqocOpsY[N`ˆ7\@~zUW\ˆsqN`P.p7\…debybc|p7\qˆW\fwUWbyˆ7\‡`XpW\…p7Ye\fqof ap7Y[aqd-f.\d[qoP.Y[b,U7N.p7Yec ‘ \P ž\\Uu\qap„UW\N.PQ\ˆ«debybcuY[NJˆ7\PQ\fZ€Y[UW\ˆ«‘OqNQ\ˆ«b,U}P.pW\’Y[U7ad[M7NYeb,U!f.\d[qoP.Y[b,U7N.p7YeczNH‘ \P ž\\UuP.pW\Z„‡

•

TSU|ÓÁYet,MWf\…´yjH]a_†qUOˆ¡]ˆz_N.pWb ŒP.p7\‚debybcsN.PQf[email protected].\‚tfqocOp7N`a@bf.f.\NQc b,U7ˆOY[UWt€PQb

'

–

qU7ˆ

;

j

f.\NQc \[email protected]\d[ƒ‡ çž\aqM7NQ\‰àláJá

N.d[Y[a@\N5P.pW\}Z€\P.pWbyˆ¡Y[U"PQb‰\qa pÎde\r\d0bv`deb"bcµUW\NQP.NjÁY[P‚aqU7UWbP‚~zU7ˆ#qU>ƒ^cOqoP.p

[email protected],N.NY[UWt8PQb…q8ˆ7Y&Ø \f.\U"P0debybc«UW\NQP.Y”UWt8de\r\d‡ÁTSU€c7fq[email protected]”a@\jypWb J\r\fj"P.p7Y”NY[N0U7bP0q5NQ\f Yeb,M7NHc7fb‘Ode\Z„j N.Y[UOa@\8deb"bc„bcOP.Y[Z€Ye¤qoP.Yeb,UON¢qof.\5M7N.MOqd[deƒ6qoc7czd[Ye\ˆ}vbf`\qap|deb"bc|de\r\d¬NQ\cOqof qoPQ\deƒ‡

g[(G'˜—

Z/ 0h

U™ Z/ 0h 0/

‹EªÜŒ>² “ ²Í‹EªT‹ 9ŒÄ² “ ²Í“ ͔

i/ 2.

©  ùÜŒ

ÓÁYet,MWf.\’¶wN.pWb †NJP.pW\`qdetbf YeP.p7ZÍvbfža@b,UONQPQf[email protected][U7t5NQPQf[email protected].\†tfqoczp7Nvbf0P.pW\`t,Yer\U}Z!\P.pWblˆ4‡H¨†vPQ\f

›šeœeš[

t\UW\fqoP.Y”UWtµP.pW\£a@b,U>PQf.b,dŸzb ÞtfqocOp¬j† ž\{ˆ7\PQ\a@Phdeb"bcÕf.\t,Y[b,U7N}‘"ƒæaqd[d[Y[UWt#P.pW\{v[email protected],U

žnŸ8 ¡U¢£8£e¤

¥

qaa@bfˆ7Y[UWt#PQb

qrld[qo¹Š‹N}qd[tbfYeP.p7Z

g&i¸2nj¢ †p7Y[a pÖY[N«qU×\@xlPQ\U7N.Yeb,U¼bv8XqofäQqU¬Š‹N«debybc

ˆW\PQ\[email protected],U|qdetbfYeP.pOZîPQb«p7qUOˆ7de\wYef.f.\ˆOM7aYe‘Ode\’debybcONY[U„qd”Z!b,NQP†d[Y”UW\qof¢P.Y[Z!\‡ž¨†vPQ\f`ˆW\PQ\[email protected]”UWt«debybc f.\t,Yeb,UONj" ž\’a@b,U7NQPQfM7a@P¢NQPQf [email protected].\`tfqocOp7NJ‘"ƒ6f.\ˆ7M7aY[U7t5\qap„Y”U7UW\fJd[b"bcuY[U"PQb…q…debybc}UWblˆW\‡ÁÔÕpW\U  ž\w\U7a@b,M7U"PQ\f†qUhY[Ul~U7YePQ\`d[b"bc„ †Y[P.p„UWbŽ\@xlYeP¢\ˆ7t\jW J\5qˆOˆ„q!ˆ7M7Z€Z‚ƒ€\ˆWt\8vf.b,ZÝP.pW\8d[b"bchUWblˆW\ PQb¡P.pW\h\@xWYeP«UWblˆW\hbvwP.p7\|NQPQf[email protected].\htfqoczp4‡ß°0qa pÖrlYef.P.M7qd\ˆWt\sZ6qY[U>P.qY”U7N!P.pW\|bfYet,Y[U7qd\ˆWt\ Y[UWvbfZ€qoP.Y[b,UuPQb€t\UW\fqoPQ\…Y[U7NQPQfMOZ!\U>P.qoP.Y[b,U„a@byˆW\8Y”UuP.pW\5UW\@xlP¢cOp7qNQ\‡

:

—™˜,š~›7È4ɦš~¬|—™­|š|£e—-ÈOÊÕ¥~£&—µ³˜3š¬È ËÍÌt—~´~—µ—~­|  Ç

kYlnm2oZpqYrilnp ¬~›­i⦠­™˜µU§@¥U¨~› utkîñâõìþ©v { ôŽî3óî,û ÷Äñâî±òïó ø8ñ¹ûâýúÕî,óñâ÷>ñ¹òïìŽókðìþî@ü0ìŽû5î÷Žð õIøñâû¹ý€ðñ¹ý û¹î ôŽû ÷>ö x †{Z9 †{Zt { ÷>ó þ\ðìÍýóñ¹î3ûâøùý ø¹î3þÿü0ìÍûe÷Žþ!ªý ø8ñ¹òïóôÕöûâì íïî3ø ±ü0ìŽûâî3÷Žð õ  zŽ ø8ñ¹ûâý ðñ¹ýûâî ôŽû ÷>öõ øJìŽüYv qYm {|N { ôÍî,óî3ûâ÷>ñ¹òïóôgò¡ó ø8ñ¹ûâýúÕî,óñ ÷Äñ¹òïìŽóIðìþî ìŽü™ö ÷>ñ¹õIöûâì íïòïóô 9 {|{ ÷Žööí ò¡óôRù« ÷>íïí ™¬ ÷>ûâý øJö ÷Äñâõ\ö û¹ì í¡òïóôtñ¹ì  z M —~ž ž –U@ ­ — G‚ — ƒš~˜ .—µ ¦¥    ­~¬  z P ôÍî,óî3ûâ÷>ñ¹î ÷göû¹ì íïî ð,ìŽýóñâî,ûùñ¹ìgñâõîNðìÍýóñ¹òïóôÕóìþî ì>ü  z f Š mWl!p‹ o!ŒJ® Ž î3þôÍî3øJì>ü  z qUm j ¯GŠB/° òïó øñâû¹ý úgî3óñâ÷Äñâò¡ìÍó\ð,ìþî òïø5÷Íø¹ø¹òïôŽóîþCñ¹ì ®²±†³ŒYp” €ó þ\ò¡ó ø¹î,û¹ñ¹òïìŽó\öƒìŽòïóÍñeI ´ ü0ìÍûùñ¹õîNð,ìþî ì>ü ® x ûâî,ôÍòïø8ñ¹î3û5ò¡ó€øñâû¹ýúÕî3óÍñ ÷Äñâò¡ìÍó\ð,ì þî@ìŽü ® ñ¹ì&´ x|x x p”Uq ¯GŠ x p”YqUqYm x 9 p”YqYqUm { ò¡ó€ø8î3û8ñ5òïó øñâû¹ý úgî3óñâ÷Äñâò¡ìÍókðìþî ò¡óñâì@v x!M &{Z9 x

üYv qUm ¯uŠ:° |—™˜ ¦ ­~˜,µ% ¦ ­ Í¥ ® ±¶³ñ¹òïìŽóIðìþî ò¡óñâì · 9 M p”Yq ¯uŠ P p”YqYqUm 

Ž



?

õ



A, 





/o







Oñ2ñ











ló7òJð

Oô eñ









:,

;,





?

A,   

ó





 O



:,

?;, ?



ó

??



?A, ?

/





ž/

1

?

 

?



ÓÁYet,MWf.\5·yâJ¨`detbf YeP.p7ZÝPQb€t\UW\f qoPQ\‚Y[U7N.PQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U„a@blˆW\‡

ÔÕpW\U#P žbsˆ7Yeؐ\f.\U"P5debybc#U7\NQP.Y[UWt,N‚N.p7qof.\€P.p7\«N.qZ!\}pW\qˆW\fŽUWblˆW\j- ž\«a@b,UONQPQfM7a@P‚b,U7deƒ{b,UW\ debybc|NQPQf [email protected].\‚tfqocOp|vbf`P.pW\Z„‡`¨deP.pWb,M7t,psàláJá¼p7qNUWb«c7f.b‘Ode\Z

Y[U‰ˆ7\qd[Y[UWt! †Y[P.phP.pW\NQ\…¹lY[U7ˆ7N

bv`d[b"bcONjYeP…Y”N…Z€bf.\„ˆW\N.Yefqo‘zde\6PQb¦NQ\czqofqoPQ\„N.M7apÎd[b"bcÎUW\NQP.Y”UWt,NŽY[U>PQb{ˆ7Y&Ø \f.\U"P!deb"bcµNQPQf[email protected].\ tfqocOpON¢‘"ƒua@f.\qoP.Y[U7t6q!NQ\cOqofqoPQ\…pW\qˆW\f†U7byˆW\wvbf\qa p‰debybc¬‡

g[(µg¹¸

W/



Z/

ºh

”ƒª•” ³²Í‹EªT‹ t!ªÜŒ>² “J«Q”ƒªE²Ž|²Í‹™ª

‹.¯•”

ÓÁYet,MWf.\…·!N.pWb †NP.pW\…qdetbfYeP.pOZîPQb6t\UW\f qoPQ\…Y[UONQPQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,Uha@blˆW\‡“ÓÁYefNQPj7 ž\5t\U7\fqoPQ\…Y”U7NQPQfMlR Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U×a@blˆW\„vbf€cOqoP.pÎc7fbo~zd[Y[UWt|b,UÎ\qap¼NQPQf[email protected].\utfqocOpµ‘yƒ¡M7NY[UWt{q£a@b,U>r\U"P.Yeb,U7qd†cOqoP.p c7f.bo~d[Y[UWtsPQ\ap7UOY["M7\‡ÎÔæp7Y”de\u J\‰aM7f.f.\U"P.deƒ¡MONQ\„P.pW\hç“qd[d&Rê-qofM7NŽPQ\apOU7Y[yMW\h‘ \aqM7NQ\„bv’YeP.N€deb 



br\f pW\qˆ4jO ž\5a@b,M7d”ˆ„M7NQ\wP.pW\

b,MOUWtoRVàlZ€YeP.puPQ\a p7U7Y[yMW\6g³´2nY[U7NQPQ\qˆ4‡

Ô£\…P.pW\Uht\U7\fqoPQ\ŽP.pW\‚a@blˆW\8vbfq6c7f.bo~zd[\8a@b,M7U>PQ\fwqoP`P.pW\‚a@b,M7U"P.Y[UWt}UWblˆW\8bvH\qapsNQPQf[email protected].\ tfqocOp«PQb‚a@b,U"PQf.b,dP.pW\`PQbP.qda@b,MOU>P.Nžbv4cOqoP.p«c7f.bo~zd[\N0qU7ˆ6PQb…Z!b,UOYePQbf0P.pW\’a@b,Z!cOd[\P.Yeb,U€bv4c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt qoPfMOU>P.Y[Z€\‡TªvP.pW\5N.PQf[email protected].\5tfqocOphY[UOad[M7ˆW\N“qU‰Y[f.f.\ˆ7M7aY[‘Ode\`d[b"bc¬jW ž\8t\UW\f qoPQ\‚P.pW\‚N.qZ!\5a@blˆW\ qoP5\r\fƒ£\U>PQf.ƒ{\ˆWt\«PQb‰P.pW\6tfqocOp¦\@xWa@\c7P‚vbf‚P.pW\€\ˆWt\N…d[Y[UW¹\ˆ¦PQb‰P.pW\6a@b,MOU>P.Y[U7t‰UWblˆW\!bv¢P.pW\ tfqocOp¬‡

x ;

ɀµWðƒš~¤€µ³š7ð¦—Oñ…ò.—µWóhòJð¦¥zô eñ ­~¬

ÓÁY[U7qd”deƒ‰\qa p#czYe\a@\€bv¢Y[U7NQPQf M7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U¦a@blˆW\€vbf5\qap¡NQPQf[email protected].\€tfqoczp^Y[N8Y”U7NQ\f.PQ\ˆ¦qoP‚P.pW\ a@bf.f.\N.cb,UOˆ7Y[UWt|cb,Y”U>P!Y[U¡P.pW\hZ!\P.p7byˆ4jJqU7ˆµP.pW\„NQPQf[email protected].\utfqocOpÎY[UWvbfZ€qoP.Y[b,U¡Y”N…N.PQbf.\ˆ4‡µXpW\ U7qoP.Yer\wa@blˆW\wvbfž\qa ph‘Od[bya¹€bv-Y[UONQPQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,Uua@blˆW\wY[Nžt\UW\fqoPQ\ˆ„‘yƒ«M7NY[UWt‚q!ˆ7ƒyU7qZ6Y[a`Y”U7NQPQfMlR Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U£PQ\a p7U7Y[yMW\hg&i·lj¬koºonHPQbhZ€qo¹\€YeP’c b,N.N.Ye‘zde\5PQb„P.MWf U|\qa p¦Y[U7N.P.qU7a@\ŽbvJY[U7N.PQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U a@blˆW\8b,UhqU7ˆhboØ{qoP`fM7U"P.Y[Z!\‡ ¨åcOqoP.p{c7f.bo~zd[\‚Y[N’a@b,d[de\a@PQ\ˆ{ `YeP.p{q}N.\"MW\UOa@\…bvžY[U7NQPQf M7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U{a@byˆW\Ž‘yƒ|Y[UOYeP.Y[qd[Ye¤Y”UWt€qU7ˆ



MWc4ˆ7qoP.Y[U7t„P.pW\«czqoP.p^f.\t,Y”NQPQ\f

@i¼½ ¼

|qU7ˆ#Y”U7a@f.\Z!\U"P.Y[UWt‰Y[P.N‚a@bf.f\NQc b,U7ˆ7Y[UWt„czqoP.p¡a@b,MOU>PQ\f

Hg 2nJqN

N.pWb †UµY[UµÓÁYet,MWf.\{iio‡¦Ô£\hUWbPQ\hpW\f\«P.p7qoPŽP.pW\f\uY”N…q{a p7qU7a@\„vbf!c7f.bo~zd[Y”UWthPQb£NQP.qof.PŽvf.b,Z

P.pW\

Z€Y[ˆOˆ7de\’bvHq€NQ\yMW\U7a@\8 †Y[P.pWb,MWPY[U7Y[P.Y[qd[Ye¤Y[U7t5P.pW\8czqoP.phf.\t,Y[N.PQ\f‡0Ô£\…aMWf.f.\U"P.deƒuYet,UWbf.\8N.MOap‰aqN.\N \@xWa@\c7PP.p7qoP ž\5Y[UONQ\f.P“P.pW\5a@blˆW\8vbfP.pW\wfqU7t\5apW\a¹„vbf†\r\f.ƒ„MWc4ˆ7qoPQ\wbv-P.p7\8cOqoP.pha@b,M7U"PQ\f‡

g[(¿¾ÁÀ /‹2143!!ªÜ© —

|/ Y3–3”Â/

‹™ªE² ͋

XpW\w˜z™SšQ›œÙÚ"—sКoÚz®™Sšoœœ[•@™’Z€qU7qot\N`P.pW\‚cOf.btf.\N.N†bvHc7f.bo~zd[Y”UWt!vbf’q6N.\P†bv0NQPQf [email protected].\8tf qocOp7N‡¨N N.pWb †U£Y[U£ÓÁYet,MWf\!¸yjYePw‘ \t,Y[U7N †YeP.p{czqoP.p{c7f.bo~zd[Y”UWt«bvžP.pW\!t,Yer\U^pWbP8Z!\P.pWblˆ£‘yƒsY[U"rb¹lY[UWtuP.pW\

>òÄWšeÅ%Ä)ƆŠ£CǀÈGžWÈ œ0É

v[email protected],U



#vbf`P.p7\‚b,MWP.d”Y[UW\5NQPQf [email protected].\…tfqocOp4‡

’MWfY[UWt6P.pW\‚cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7tWj7 †pW\U|P.pW\

c7f.bo~de\6a@b,M7U"PQ\f!bv†qU"ƒ^NQPQf[email protected].\6tfqoczp#f\qapW\NŽP.pW\uNQc \aY&~O\ˆ^P.pWf.\N.p7b,d[ˆ¦roqd[MW\jÁP.pW\}v[email protected],U

¤ Å £eǀÈuž¡)ËÌ£ œCÄYÅ £ežWž¡ Å ¤ Å £CǀÈGž¡[ËÌ£ œ0ÄUÅ £Cžž¡ Å |Y[N¢aqd[de\ˆ4‡

Xp7\v[email protected][b,U

hapW\a¹yN† †pW\P.pW\f¢P.p7\wcOqoP.puc7f.bo~zd”Y[UWt5vbf¢P.pW\wNQPQf[email protected].\

tfqocOp¡p7qN5‘\\U^~zU7Y”N.pW\ˆ4‡}TªvU7bPjÁY[P‚ˆ7Y[Nqo‘Ode\Nwc7fbo~zd[Y[UWt„qU7ˆ#P.pW\U¡NQP.qof.P.N‚c7f.bo~zd”Y[UWt„vbf‚\qa p#bv P.pW\wY[U7U7\fždebybc„NQPQf[email protected].\’tfqocOp7N‡ÁTVv)P.pW\waMWff.\U>P“NQPQf[email protected].\’tfqocOpuY[N“q!de\qov¬tf qocOp4jlP.pW\’v[email protected],U

à ¡ Ä ËR£CÍa¤2ž¡ Ä È£ œ

{Y[N†aqd[de\ˆuPQb6a pW\a.¹hYevc7f.bo~d[Y[UWt…P.p7Y[N¢Z!\P.p7byˆhpOqN¢‘ \\U„a@b,Z!cOde\PQ\ˆ4‡

Xp7\|a@b,U"PQf.b,d[de\fuqd[NQb¡c \fYeblˆ7Y[aqd[deƒ#Z!b,U7YePQbfN«P.pW\sc7f.btf.\NN6bv8cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7t£vbf}\qapÕNQPQf[email protected].\

•ÎUÏ ¡ UÎ Ð Ì Ë £0Ͷ¤2žW¡ Ä È–£ œ

tfqocOpuM7NY[UWt5P.p7\v[email protected][b,U

H‡Tªv¬P.p7\\@xl\aMWP.Yeb,Uubv-cOqoP.p}c7f.bo~zd”Y[UWt8bvq…N.PQfM7a¥R

P.MWf.\„tf qocOpµP.qo¹\N€PQbyb^deb,UWtWjžYeP!a@b,U7ad[M7ˆ7\NŽP.p7qoP!P.pW\„f.\t,Yeb,U×vbf!P.pW\hN.PQf[email protected].\„tf qocOpÎY[NŽfqof.\d[ƒ \@xl\aMWPQ\ˆ4jlqU7ˆ6NQPQbczN0c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt’PQb‚c7f.bla@\\ˆ€PQb…P.pW\†UW\@xlPJde\r\dObv4P.pW\`N.PQf[email protected].\†tfqocOp4‡HXpW\† †pWb,de\ c7f.bo~d[Y[UWt‚c7f.bla@\N.N¢PQ\fZ€Y”U7qoPQ\N“ †pW\UuP.pW\8a@b,U"PQf.b,d[d[\fNQ\P.NP.pW\

È Ã ËÌ£0Ͷ¤iž¡ Ä ¡2Ñ

Ÿqot!vbf¢P.pW\wb,M7P.d[Y[UW\

NQPQf[email protected].\wtfqocOpON‡ ÓÁYet,MWf\Žiº6Y[d[d[M7N.PQfqoPQ\N0P.p7\w‘\pOqrlYebf¢bv)P.pW\wcOf.bo~zd[Y[U7t‚a@b,U"PQf.b,d[de\f¢vbfP.pW\8Z!\P.p7byˆubvÓY[t,MWf.\!io‡ XpW\’d[qo‘ \de\ˆ«U"M7Z‚‘ \fNžY[U7ˆ7Y[aqoPQ\`P.pW\’bfˆW\f“bv¬P.pW\\r\U"P.N‡J¨N“N.pWb `U}Y”U6P.p7Y”N~Ot,M7f.\j"P.p7\`c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt N.M7aa@\NN.Yer\deƒhcOf.bya@\\ˆON’vf.b,Z

P.pW\ŽPQbcOZ€b,NQPwNQPQf[email protected]\…tf qocOpsPQb}P.p7\ŽY”U7UW\f’NQPQf[email protected]\…tf qocOp7Nb,UW\

‘yƒ„b,UW\‡ÓÁYet,M7f.\«iiŽN.pWb †N`P.pW\‚\@xWqZ!cOd[\N†bvP.p7\‚Y[U7N.PQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U‰a@blˆW\… †pW\U|\U7qo‘Ode\ˆ‰vbf’\qa p de\r\d4bvÁP.pW\‚NQPQf[email protected]\wtfqocOp7N‡°Jqap‰cOqof.Pf.\cOf.\NQ\U"P.N¢P.pW\5a@blˆW\8a@bf.f.\N.cb,UOˆ7Y[UWtŽPQb€P.pW\‚NQP.qoP.M7Nbv ]k,_ j]´,_ jzqU7ˆ^]Siº>_¢Y”U„ÓY[t,MWf.\€iºljOf\NQc \[email protected]\deƒ‡

g[(GҘ¸

W/

U™ U3 UÓ i3B.8/͋i1 3”ƒŒ

”ƒª•” ³²Í‹EªT‹ 9© ‹ •

¨`vPQ\fJc\fvbfZ6Y[UWtcOqoP.p!c7f.bo~d[Y[UWtWjo ž\UW\\ˆ!PQb5qˆ2ä.M7NQPHP.p7\†deblaqdlc7f.bo~zde\¢a@b,M7U"P.Nvbf\qa p6NQPQf[email protected].\ tfqocOp6PQb‚b‘OP.qY[U6P.p7\†t,deb‘OqdOcOqoP.p«c7f.bo~zde\N0bv4P.pW\†P.qoft\P“Z€\P.pWbyˆ¬‡ÁX†p7Y[Nqˆ2ä.M7NQP.Z€\U>Pža@bf.f.\[email protected]žP.pW\ a@b,M7U"P.N’bvJdeblaqdcOqoP.p{c7f.bo~de\N†vbf’\qap¦d[b"bc£NQPQf[email protected].\…tfqocOps‘"ƒsZ‚MOdeP.YecOdeƒlY[UWt!‘yƒ|qua@by\@±«aYe\U"P‡

¶ÔaÕ

Xp7Y”Nža@by\@±«aYe\U"P

:× Ú~ؐÛaÜR× Õ

tfqocOp¬j

ÌÖ

©aqU„‘ \8aqd[aMOd[qoPQ\ˆu †YeP.puP.pW\wvb,d[deb †Y[UWt…vbfZ‚MOd[qljW †pW\f.\

@Ö &Ø Õ

»Y[NŽP.pW\hb,MWPQ\f«NQPQf[email protected]\„tfqocOpµbv

CÖ UÝBÞ Ö

Y[NžP.pW\’\U"PQf.ƒ«UWblˆW\bv

àØ

cOqoP.p7N†Y[U7ad[M7ˆOY[UWt5P.p7\8UWbyˆ7\

Y[U

#j

^j

xZx

ÙÖ

Y[NŽP.pW\‰d[b"bc×UWblˆW\uf.\c7f\NQ\U>P.Y”UWt

•ß

^Y[NžP.pW\wc7fbo~zde\`a@b,MOU>P¢bv-cOqoP.p



»Y[N“P.pW\8NQPQf[email protected].\

•ß Õ Ø

!j7qU7ˆ



Y[U

«j

] £_0Y”NžqŽNQ\P¢bv

—™˜,š~›7È4ɦš~¬|—™­|š|£e—-ÈOÊÕ¥~£&—µ³˜3š¬È ËÍÌt—~´~—µ—~­|  Ç

{Z{¶áeíïí|ñâõî î,íïî,úÕî,óñ øùì>ü)⠍!㠇åäˆ!‡ ®!æWç“èíïò3î3þ

ɀµWðƒš~¤€µ³š7ð¦—Oñ…ò.—µWóhòJð¦¥zô eñ ­~¬

(2) Path Profiling

(1) Enable

Outline Structure Graph

(3) Notify (4) Disable

(6) Path Profiling

Loop Structure Graph of Loop2

(10) Path Profiling

Loop Structure Graph of Loop3

Profiling Controller

(5) Enable (7) Notify (8) Disable (9) Enable (11) Notify (12) Disable

ÓÁYet,MWf.\€iºlâ¢ãc \fqoP.Yeb,Uubvc7f.bo~zd[Y”UWt…a@b,U"PQf.b,d[d[\f†Y[U„p7Ye\f qofap7Y”aqd bfˆW\f‡

Entry

Entry

Entry

pcounter1++

r1=1 1

1

2 3

pcounter3++

3 4

6 prof[1]++

r2=1

pcounter2++

prof[r1+2]++, r1=4

Exit

prof[r1+1]++

prof[r2+1]++, r2=4

prof[r2+2]++

6 prof[2]++

4

4

7

prof[r1]++

prof[r2]++

Exit

Exit

r1, r2

path register

prof[r]++

incrementing path counter prof[r]

pcounter1..3 profile counter profile counter code

(a) Instrumentation code of outline structure graph

(b) Instrumentation code of loop structure graph of loop 2

(c) Instrumentation code of loop structure graph of loop 3

instrumentation code for path profiling

ÓÁYet,MWf\€iioâTVUONQPQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,Uha@blˆW\8qU7ˆhc7f.bo~zde\wa@b,M7U"PQ\f`Y”U7NQ\f.PQ\ˆu‘yƒ„àWá0á‡

x A

Ç

—™˜,š~›7È4ɦš~¬|—™­|š|£e—-ÈOÊÕ¥~£&—µ³˜3š¬È ËÍÌt—~´~—µ—~­| 

Gt kUlnm2o|pqYrUl!p —i~¨ š™˜µ x ó¯Gж° í¡ì ìÍö\ø8ñ¹ûâý ðñâýûâî@ôÍûâ÷Žöõ y•

­®¯,

šÑl®œÙڐ•‚¥®™¥Ñ7ЮÑl™.•

ã`Ri

°†i¥Ri¥R g³kneRV¶RŽi

—,™S­¥˜O¯

ã`Rªk

°†i¥Ri¥R g³kneRª²RŽi

œešš ˜#¥®™¥ÑWЮÑl™Q•

êkRi

°JkRªkR g³mneRwk

êkRªk

°JkRªkR g³mneRª´Rwk

êkRªm

°JkRªkR g³mneRª´R ]k,_

êkR§

]´,_RªkR g³mneR’k

êkRª²

]´,_RªkR g³mneRª´R’k

'

Ð š•ÖÐÙ•ÚO®

 W

]´,_RªkR g³mneRª´R ]k,_ °JmRªmR§oRwm

—,™S­¥˜O¯sšSø

êmRªk

°JmRªmR§oR ]m,_

êmRªm

°JmRªmRwm

êmR§

]§"_RªmR§oR’m

êmRª²

]§"_RªmR§oR ]m,_

êmRª´

]§"_RªmR’m

;

Ð š•ÖÐÙ•ÚO®

G

˜z™QšS›œ[•¥

˜z™SšQ›œe•@

?óAA

iºº

iººl‡‹º

iºlj‹ººº

myj”]kyj³§Wj¶"j[ii_

ÔaÕ

&% $

 "!$#

')(*,+.-  "!$#

%

kyj”]·,_ º

ky‡‹º

koºº

§>·

¸2§W‡[i

¸yj ´oºº

º

ºl‡‹º

²´

´·m

i·¸y‡ m

i¸yj[ii¶

ºl‡‹º

§,º

ikyj”]·,_ ioj ¸ kyj[iº myj³§Wj[iioj[ik º

im²y‡ k

imyj ´´oº

´y‡ ·

´·m

´m2§W‡[i

´myj ¸2§>m

k

¸yj”]²,_ iioj”]¶_

º

´y‡ ·

º





koºº

k

Yev



ky‡‹º

ioj”]²,_ myj”]kyj¶_

ºl‡‹º

moºº

i



º ¸yj ·oºº

šSø

ioj”]kyj³§Wj ²yj ¸,_

ºl‡‹º

i

ÙÚz–>•

º

¸·y‡‹º i

®š®­oœ

ÖÙڐ•

ºl‡‹º

º

êmRi

­®¯

˜z™QšS›œ[•¥

º

êkRª´

A

N)O

“œeš>û.­oœ

²oº

œešš ˜#¥®™¥ÑWЮÑl™Q•

:

“Ú7œÙÚ •˜z™SšQ›œe•@ ¬šÐ ­oœ

º

—,™S­¥˜O¯sšSø

:

N

ÿ

² ´ ¶"j ·

Y[N¢qU„b,M7P.d[Y[UW\wNQPQf[email protected].\wtfqocOp

bP.pW\f. †Y”NQ\

XpOY[NžvbfZ…M7d[q!a@b,Z€cOMWPQ\N¢P.pW\8a@by\@±«aYe\U"Pbv\qap‰tfqocOp„qNP.p7\wfqoP.Yeb!bvP.pW\w\@xy\aM7P.Yeb,Uha@b,M7U"P vbf`P.pW\…debybc|UWblˆW\5Y[UhP.pW\5b,MWPQ\ftfqocOp‰br\fwP.pW\‚PQbP.qd)bvHP.p7\5c7f.bo~de\5a@b,M7U"P†vbfqd”d4bvHP.pW\5czqoP.p7N f.\c7f\NQ\U>P.Y”UWt«P.p7\…\U"PQfYe\N’PQbuP.pW\!debybc¬‡8Xp7\…cOf.bo~zde\…qˆ2äQMONQP.Z!\U"P’qd[tbfYeP.p7Z

Y[N’N.pWb †U{Y[UsÓY[t,MWf.\

š Ñ0/21 ÃZÄ3)ƶÆ

iky‡£Ô£\„c \f.vbfZïP.pW\„qˆ2ä.M7NQP.Z€\U>P…‘"ƒ#aqd[d[Y[UWt

åYevP.pW\}P.qof.t\P€Z!\P.p7byˆ¡p7qN…b,UW\ubf

Z!bf.\8d[b"bcONjlN.P.qof.P.Y[UWt!vf.b,ZÝP.pW\wb,MWP.d”Y[UW\wNQPQf[email protected].\’tfqocOp„qU7ˆuc7fbya@\\ˆ7Y”UWtŽPQb€P.pW\8deb J\f†d[\r\d[N¢Y[U bfˆW\f‡ Ô£\8M7N.\`P.pW\’\@xWqZ!cOde\’Y[U}X-qo‘zde\8k8PQb€N.p7b ÏpWb Ï ž\waqU„qˆ2ä.M7NQPžP.pW\d[byaqdc7f.bo~de\N0PQbŽt\UW\f qoPQ\

4

P.pW\t,deb‘Oqdzc7f.bo~zd[\N‡

†\f.\jl ž\qNN.M7Z!\P.p7qoPž J\’a@b,d[de\a@PQ\ˆ£iºº…c7f.bo~de\Nvbf“\qap„NQPQf[email protected].\†tf qocOp4j

bfJq8PQbP.qdObv¬moºº8cOf.bo~zde\NÁvbf0P.pW\† †pWb,de\Z!\P.p7byˆ4‡ÁXqo‘Ode\`kwNpWb †NP.pW\†d[Y[N.PHbvczqoP.p7Nj>deblaqdWc7fbo~zde\N P.p7qoPžY[U7ˆ7Y[aqoPQ\†P.pW\q[email protected]dza@b,M7U"P.NJbv4P.pW\†c7fbo~zde\Nj"P.pW\†t,deb‘zqd7c7f.bo~de\NqovPQ\fžP.p7\`qˆ2ä.M7NQP.Z!\U"P.NjlqU7ˆ P.pW\¢bo½«Y”UW\ža@b,Z€cOde\PQ\¢c7f.bo~de\N‡-X†pW\“P.qo‘Ode\qd[NQbwY[UOˆ7Y[aqoPQ\NP.pW\a@bf.f.\N.cb,UOˆ7Y[UWt`cOqoP.p€Y[U7ˆOY[a@\N-ˆ7\@~zUW\ˆ ‘yƒ}ç“á0áæqNd[Y”NQPQ\ˆ„Y[U„Xqo‘Ode\€i8Y[UuP.p7\8fYet,p"P.Z!b,NQPa@b,d[MOZ€U4‡

©

Xp7\¦debyaqdwa@b,MOU>Phbv…\qap©cOqoP.pßY”UÕP.pW\¦debybcßNQPQf[email protected]\£tfqocOpÏbv

Y[N„Z…M7deP.Y[cOd[Ye\ˆ¼‘"ƒ

'

]Si54>iºº>_76o²liÏ] Žio‡ ¸´,_uPQbÖt\UW\fqoPQ\^P.p7\£t,deb‘Oqd’c7f.bo~de\‡ëTSUÏP.pW\¦ˆOYeryY”ˆW\U7ˆ4jP.p7\£r2qd[M7\µi^Y[NuP.pW\ a@by\@±«aYe\U"PwbvJP.pW\!b,M7P.d[Y[UW\ŽNQPQf[email protected].\ŽtfqocOp£qU7ˆ{P.pW\!roqd[MW\„iººhY”N’P.pW\!N.M7Z

:UTV;X98;:

a@b,M7U"P.N!bv

ÙUTV;X98;:

-

qU7ˆ

'

)UTWV"X9=

ˆ7YerlY[NQbf†²li‚Y[N¢P.pW\…N.M7ZîbvÁP.pW\‚debyaqd)c7f.bo~zd[\8a@b,M7U>P.N†bv

' : -

YTV;X>= j

' : '

†

;

@8=

a@b,M7U"P.N¢bvP.pW\wcOqoP.p7N“vf.b,Z

UTWV"X9=

YTV;X>=

; : j

; : '

j7qU7ˆ

RYTV;X>=

' : -

; : ;

' : #

PQb

'

jOiºº8Y[NÁP.pW\NM7Z

bvzP.p7\debyaqdlcOf.bo~zde\

j7qU7ˆh²·!Y[NžP.pW\8N.MOZÝbv-deblaqd c7f.bo~zd[\’a@b,MOU>P.N¢bv

‡

¨N¢ ž\’aqU‰NQ\\wvfb,ZÝP.pW\8X-qo‘zde\8kyjWP.pW\’t,deb‘Oqd c7f.bo~de\N“qovPQ\fP.p7\8qˆ2äQMONQP.Z!\U"P“ad[b,NQ\deƒ6czqofqd[de\d P.pW\8bo½}Y[UW\’c7f.bo~zd[\N‡

g[(@?BA

¥. 3”$‹i™t‹i.•²Í!«QED³²‹EªÜŒ

ª^” CG~«

ÓWf.b,Z¾P.pW\`t,deb‘OqdOc7f.bo~zde\NJY[U6Xqo‘Ode\’kyj" ž\’aqU6\@xlPQfqa@P“P.pWf.\\pWbPJczqoP.p7NvbfžMONQ\`Y[U6bc7P.Y[Z€Y[¤qoP.Yeb,U7Nj

UTV;X UTWV"X9= ' : '

8;:

qN“vb,d[deb `N‡HÓY[fNQPjl J\waqU„\qNY[deƒ!~zUOˆ€~Or\wpWbP“cOqoP.pONj

©YTV;X>= ; :9F aYTV;X>= ; :9F

qU7ˆ

UTWV"X

‡J¨Z!b,UWt«P.pW\NQ\8cOqoP.pONj

àlY[UOa@\

8= ©UTWV"X9=

-

jzqU7ˆ

=–$2 2UTV;X j

=

=

; : ;

'

:

#

j

' : #

UTV;X>= j

; : ; j

a@b,U>P.qY[U|q€debybc‰UWblˆW\‡

; :9FŽYeP.NQ\devVj4aqU£‘ \‚\@xlPQfqa@PQ\ˆ#qNwq„pWbP’cOqoP.p4‡…Ô£\€qd[NQb

NQ\\}P.p7qoPŽP.pW\}P žb{d[b"bcON…qof.\uUWbPŽYePQ\fqoPQ\ˆµY[U¡Z!b,NQPŽaqNQ\Njvf.b,Z

UTWV;X

|YTV;X>=

' : '

ˆWby\NwUWbP5Y[U7ad”M7ˆW\‚q‰deb"bc¦U7byˆW\!qU7ˆ^p7qNwUWb„f.\d[qoP.Y[b,U7N.p7Yec{ †Y[P.p|P.p7\€b,MWPQ\f5debybc

NQPQf[email protected].\ŽtfqocOp4j4P.p7\…czqoP.p

qU7ˆ

j

‡¡XpW\f.\vbf.\jJ J\„aqU×a@b,U7ad”M7ˆW\}P.p7qoP!P.pW\„cOqoP.p

CUTV;X

a@b,Z‚‘OY[U7qoP.Yeb,Usbv

8;: -

ÂUTWV;X>= ' : ' 0UTV;X>= ' j

ûUTV;X>= ; : ^UTWV;X>=

j¬qU7ˆ

;

YUTV;X>=

P.pW\uP žb{p7bP‚cOqoP.pONj

 "
_R ]a_

Y[d[d”M7NQPQfqoPQ\ˆuY[U¦]ˆz_ ‡

L

N.Y[UWt6P.pW\‚\@xlPQfqa@PQ\ˆ{pWbP`cOqoP.p7Nj J\…aqU{qoc7cOdeƒ}P.pW\Ždeb"bc|c \\d[Y[UWt!bc7P.Y”Z€Ye¤qoP.Yeb,U‰PQb}NQ\czqofqoPQ\ P.pWb,NQ\žcOqoP.p7NjoqUOˆ5P.pW\ž‘OqN.Y”a‘Odebla.¹8d”qƒb,MWPbc7P.Y[Z€Y[¤qoP.Yeb,U‚MON.Y[UWtP.p7\ža@blˆW\žcb,NYeP.Yeb,U7Y[U7t“qd[tbfYeP.p7Z©‘"ƒ

S

á\PQP.Y[NqU7ˆ

`qU7N.\Uhg³klin‡HÓÁYet,MWf.\mW]q>_ÁN.p7b †NHP.p7\¢f.\N.M7dePÁbvP.p7Y[NÁPQfqUONQvbf Z€qoP.Yeb,U4‡ÁXpW\f.\¢qof.\†P.pWf.\\

eIHKJ

‘ \UW\@~OP.NY[U‚P.p7Y[N-PQfqU7NQvbfZ€qoP.Yeb,U¬‡-ÓÁYefNQPj,Y[P-Y[Z!cOf.br\NP.pW\“p7qofˆW “qof.\ž‘7fqU7a p5cOf.\ˆ7Y[[email protected],UON¬vbfPQ\f.cOf.\PQ\f†g³m2n‡ÁÔæp7\U!P.pW\ NQƒlNQPQ\Z

ˆW\PQ\[email protected]†q!pWbP¢Z!\P.pWblˆ„qU7ˆuc7f.b,Z!bPQ\N†YeP“PQb!P.pW\wUW\@xyP¢bcOP.Y[Z€Ye¤qoP.Yeb,Uude\r\djW J\’c \f.vbfZ!\ˆ

cOqoP.p„cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7t5PQb6a@b,d[d[\a@P¢c7f.bo~zde\N“b,U„Y[P.NˆWƒlU7qZ€Y[a`‘ \p7qrlYebf¢vbf†M7NQ\8Y[U}P.pW\8pOYet,pW\f¢bc7P.Y[Z6Ye¤qoP.Yeb,U de\r\d[N‡

Ch

¾e(+*XW

2/

Y3

”¦ª •«Q ‘G!ªÜ©m«c”€²Í•‹.¯•‹ ‹™©>Y

¨d[dWP.pW\f\N.M7deP.NHcOf.\NQ\U"PQ\ˆ€Y[U!P.p7Y”NNQ\[email protected],U6 J\f.\`b‘7P.qY[UW\ˆ€b,U6q8á\U"P.Y[M7Z

Ì

§…ky‡‹ºQZ

`¤`M7UOYec7f.bla@\N.NQbf

Z€qa p7Y[UW\‚ †YeP.p|²lik}èsçßbv0Z€\Z!bf.ƒjfM7U7U7Y”UWt!ÔæY”U7ˆWb `N`koºººhàláJkyj qU7ˆsM7N.Y[U7t€P.pW\!L.[’è TSçžè

Ê

bvP.pW\

\r\debc \f]\8YePvbf’ÔÕY[U7ˆWb †Nj¬L,qr2q„X-\ap7U7b,debtƒ|°Jˆ7YeP.Yeb,U4jr\fN.Y[b,U¡io‡ my‡[i€c7f.bPQbPƒyc \Ž‘OM7Y[d[ˆ¬‡



ÓWbf‚\r2qd[MOqoP.Y[UWt„b,MWfwPQ\a p7U7Y[yMW\j) ž\€M7NQ\ˆ¡àlá0°_^)äSrlZ6¸·yjàWá0°`^-äS‘7‘koººº{g³kknj)qU7ˆ}ä.ç

’X†°0Z€qof.¹‡

àláJ°`^)äQryZ«¸·’ žqNžfMOU€Y[U€P.p7\`Y[U"PQ\fq[email protected]\’Z!blˆW\ †YeP.p6P.pW\`ˆ7\vqM7d[P0d[qof.t\Y[UWcOMWPNYe¤\jyqUOˆ€ †YeP.p6P.pW\ Y[U7Y[P.Y[qdWqU7ˆ}Z€q2xlY”Z‚M7ZëpW\qocuN.Ye¤\Nbvk²´5ès獇"Ô£\’M7NQ\ˆ«P.pW\~zfNQPfMOU€vbfJ\qa p«PQ\N.PžqNJP.pW\’q[email protected]\ c7f.bo~d[Y[UWt«c\f Yebyˆ¬‡5ÓWbfŽàWá0°`^-äS‘7‘koºººlj4 J\€a pWb,NQ\€P.pW\€a@b,UW~Ot,MWfqoP.Yeb,U{bvžb,UW\! “qof.\pWb,M7N.\! †YeP.p{UWb fqZ!c7RMWc€P.Y[Z!\jyˆ7Y&Ø \f.\U"Pvfb,Z



qNc b,N.NYe‘Ode\‡ÁÓWbfHä.ç

P.pW\†N.P.qU7ˆ7qofˆuàlá0°_^¡fM7de\j"Y[U!bfˆW\fJPQb‚aqoc7P.M7f.\†qNžZ‚M7a p€c7fbo~zd[Y[UWt

’X†°0Z€qof.¹jW ž\8fqU„\qa p‰‘ \U7a p7Z€qof.¹« †YeP.p„q€NQ\czqofqoPQ\‚L.[’è#‡

Ô£\8M7N.\ˆ«P.p7\’NqZ!\wP.pWf.\N.p7b,d[ˆ6bv-P.pW\’PQbP.qd4c7f.bo~de\`a@b,M7U"P¢vbfž\qa phZ!\P.pWblˆu †pW\Uua@b,Z!czqofY[UWt P.pW\P žb‚f\N.M7deP.N0‘"ƒ}àWá0á¡qU7ˆ«ç“áJá-‡lÓWbf†àláJá-jy ž\`ˆ7YerlY[ˆW\ˆ€P.pW\`t,Y[r\U6PQbP.qdc7f.bo~de\†a@b,M7U"PžY”U>PQb…P.pW\ NQ\P‚bv“N.PQf[email protected].\!tf qocOp7Nw\r\U7d[ƒ‡}ÓWbf…\@xWqZ!cOde\jYevJ ž\«pOqr\6vb,MWf5N.PQf[email protected].\6tfqocOp7Nwvbf‚qht,Yer\U Z!\P.pWblˆ4j“Y[U7ad[MOˆ7Y[UWt|P.pW\„b,MWP.d[Y[U7\hNQPQf[email protected]\„tfqocOp4jJ †YeP.pµP.pW\hPQbP.qd†c7f.bo~zd[\ua@b,MOU>P«bv…ioj‹ºººlj¢ ž\ a@b,d[de\[email protected]\€deblaqdHc7f.bo~zd[\…M7U"P.Y[dHYePwf\qapW\N…k²oº„vbf5\qap#tfqocOp4‡!Ô£\6qocOcOd[Ye\ˆ¦àláJáßqU7ˆ¦ç“á0á

PQb

P.pW\5NqZ!\8pWbP†Z!\P.p7byˆ7Nvbf†q€vqYefa@b,Z€cOqofY[NQb,U¬‡ X-b`qrb,Y[ˆ5P.p7\‘OMlØ \f)br\fQŸOb µc7fb‘Ode\Z„j ž\JMONQ\ˆ8‘ bP.p‚àláJá|qUOˆ5ç“á0á|b,U7deƒ’vbf)P.pWb,NQ\žZ!\P.pWblˆ7N P.p7qoPp7qˆuv\ ž\fP.p7qU£ioj‹ººº€czqoP.p7N‡HÔÕpW\U„P.pW\wUyM7Z5‘ \f¢bvcOqoP.p7N“\@xWa@\\ˆW\ˆ¦ioj‹ºººljz J\8M7N.\ˆu\ˆWt\ c7f.bo~d[Y[UWtuY[U7NQPQ\qˆ{bvžcOqoP.p£cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7tW‡…ÓWbf‚b,MWfw‘ \U7apOZ€qof.¹lNj¬b,U7deƒsq„v\ åZ!\P.pWblˆ7N’v\d[dHY[U"PQb„P.p7Y[N aqoPQ\tbf.ƒ‡

¾e(G'

i/

J/”*aG“J–/͔¦«Q”ƒªE²ŽŒ

§K²Ž‹ |©™”

Ô£\`~OfNQP0NpWb æP.pW\`N.PQbfqot\`f\"M7Y[f.\Z!\U"P.Nbv-àláJá#qU7ˆ«ç“á0á‡yÓ7bfžXqo‘Ode\’myj"P.pW\†~OfNQP0P žb…a@b,d[MOZ€U7N N.pWb ÍP.pW\…PQbP.qdU"MOZ5‘ \fbvJˆ7Y&Ø \f.\U"P`czqoP.p7NwˆW\@~zUW\ˆ|‘yƒ‰\qap¦PQ\ap7U7Y”"MW\…PQbhY[U7ˆOY[aqoPQ\5P.pW\!N.Y[¤\…bv P.pW\}‘OMlØ \f‡‰Xp7\}d[qN.P5P žb£a@b,d[M7Z€UON5N.pWb ÝP.pW\«PQbP.qd“UyM7Z‚‘\f…bvY[U7N.PQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U¡a@byˆW\}‘Odebla.¹lN Y[U7N.\f.PQ\ˆu‘"ƒ«\qap‰PQ\ap7U7Y”"MW\’PQb6Y”U7ˆ7Y[aqoPQ\’P.pW\8N.Y[¤\bvP.pW\8a@b,Z!czY[de\ˆua@byˆ7\‡TVUONQPQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U„a@blˆW\ ‘Odebla.¹lNM7NM7qd[deƒ6U7\\ˆ7N†kŽPQb‰i¸€Y[U7NQPQf[email protected],U7N‡ Xp7\P.qo‘Ode\†Y”U7ˆ7Y[aqoPQ\NHP.pOqoP“àláJá^aqU€f\ˆ7M7a@\P.pW\`c7f.bo~zd[\ž‘zMlؐ\fžN.Ye¤\‘yƒ!qo‘ b,MWPJklií

b,U«qr\fqot\

a@b,Z!cOqof\ˆ{PQbhçžáJᇬXp7Y[NY[N’‘ \aqM7NQ\!YePcOqof.P.YeP.Y[b,U7N’deb"bc{f.\t,Y[b,U7NwY[U"PQbuY”U7ˆW\c \U7ˆW\U"P†tfqoczp7NwqU7ˆ \d[Y[Z6Y[U7qoPQ\N5qU"ƒ£cOqoP.p7N…q[email protected],N.NŽdebybc^‘ b,M7UOˆ7qofYe\N‡„ÓWbfŽ\@xWqZ!cOde\jvbf‚P.pW\uZ!\P.pWblˆ^Y”U^ÓÁYet,MWf.\si@§Wj àláJáÖa@f.\qoPQ\N†PQ\UhcOqoP.p7N †p7Y[de\’ç“á0áæa@f.\qoPQ\NPª J\d[r\5cOqoP.p7N‡ Xp7\wPQbP.qd¬U"MOZ5‘ \f¢bvÁY[U7NQPQfMOZ!\U>P.qoP.Y[b,U}a@blˆW\w‘Od[bya¹yN¢f\"M7Y[f.\ˆ}vbf`àláJá×Y[N¢qo‘ b,MWP†k´,íÝd”qof.t\f b,U^qr\fqot\}P.p7qU£P.p7qoP8vbf‚ç“áJá-‡-XpW\€Y[U7N.PQfM7Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U£a@blˆW\€‘Odebla.¹{Y[N8Y”U7NQ\f.PQ\ˆ{vbf‚Y[UOYeP.Y[qd[Ye¤Y”UWt bf8MWc4ˆ7qoP.Y[U7t6P.pW\ŽcOqoP.p{f.\t,Y”NQPQ\fj4bf8Y[U7a@f\Z!\U>P.Y”UWt«P.p7\…czqoP.p£a@b,M7U>PQ\f‡!àláJáÏUW\\ˆ7N’Z!bf.\€Y”U7NQPQfMlR

xf

—™˜,š~›7È4ɦš~¬|—™­|š|£e—-ÈOÊÕ¥~£&—µ³˜3š¬È ËÍÌt—~´~—µ—~­|  Ç

Xqo‘Ode\5myâ“àyPQbfqot\5f\"M7Y[f.\Z!\U"P.N‡ þOš®­œ)Ú7ÑlÛ6û•™‚šSø þOš®­œ)Ú7ÑlÛ6û•™‚šSø

b àláJ°`^)äQrlZ6¸·

˜l­®¯,

?óAA

Ð š–>•€ûœ&šÐ@ù

b

A:A

?óAA

Z5PQfP

kyj ´li¶

myj m,¶2º

¸oº,¸

·oº>¶

äS\NN

§Wj mmk

²yj ²m2§

ioj ´2§>k

ioj³§>koº

a@b,Z!c7f.\NN

kyj[i@§>k

kyj ·k¸

´k,¶

²´oº

ˆW‘

kyj mk2§

kyj ¸2§>m

¶o²²

´,¶yi

Z!c \t,qM7ˆ7Yeb

kyj ´,¶om

myj k²²

iojܼ,kli

·,¶o¸

äQqa¹ äQqr2qa àláJ°`^)äQ‘7‘zkoººº



ä.ç

A:A

ÙÚ7¥®™¥ÑyÛ6•ÚO®­®ÙšoÚ

’X°JZ€qof.¹

¨`NN.Yet,U7Z!\U"P

§Wj m,¶o¸

²yj[i¸,¶

ioj m´²

ioj kk2§

ikyj km2§

imyj ²´m

§Wj m,¶o´

myj¶o·oº

¶"j ¸lik

¸yj mkli

kyj¶§§

kyj kk2§

ioj‹º,m,¶

ioj¶o·li

²oºº

m´li

·²li

ioj mm2§

m´´

k,¶o²

ç“YeP“~O\d[ˆ‰ãczN ÓÁÓX

·li´

ioj k¸,¶

m²²

k´m

ioj km²

ioj¶¶§

²koº

§>k2§

`MWØ Z€qUOU

¸mm

ioj ´oºº

§7i¸

moº,²

T ’°J¨

·²li

ioj mmm

m,¶¶

k,¶¶

ê

¸²´

ioj ²²m

§>mm

mli@§

†\M7fqd `\P

¸m´

ioj³§7im

§>m2§

mlim

`MOZ

·´2§

ioj mk²

ioj mk²

k,¶2º

·¸k

ioj m¸m

m¸,¶

k¸oº

§"¶"j ¸´´

´oºlj ·li²

i·yj ²´²

i@§Wj ´²,¶

ÓÁáÖ°0Z…M7d[qoP.Y[b,U

Ê CL E E

µE

àybf.P

àyPQfY[U7t€àlbf.P X-bP.qd

xj

ɀµWðƒš~¤€µ³š7ð¦—Oñ…ò.—µWóhòJð¦¥zô eñ ­~¬

Entry 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 11: 12:

1 2 3 4 5 Exit (a) control flow graph

E1

E2

1

3

2

(b) path list of BPP

1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10:

4 3

5

X1

X2

Entry-1-2-3-4-5-Exit Entry-1-2-3-4-5-(3) Entry-1-2-3-5-Exit Entry-1-2-3-5-(3) Entry-1-3-4-5-Exit Entry-1-3-4-5-(3) Entry-1-3-5-Exit Entry-1-3-5-(3) (5)-3-4-5-Exit (5)-3-4-5-(3) (5)-3-5-Exit (5)-3-5-(3)

(c) structure graphs for (a)

E1-1-2-(3)-X1 E1-1-(3)-X1 E2-3-4-5-X2 E2-3-4-5-(3) E2-3-5-X2 E2-3-5-(3) (5)-3-4-5-X2 (5)-3-4-5-(3) (5)-3-5-X2 (5)-3-5-(3)

(d) path list of SPP



ÓY[t,MWf.\€i@§Wâ

’Y&Ø \f.\U7a@\N`Y[UuP.pW\5UyM7Z‚‘\f NJbvÁcOqoP.pON¢‘ \P ž\\UsàláJáÖqU7ˆ„ç“á0á‡

Z!\U"P.qoP.Yeb,U„a@blˆW\w‘Odebla.¹lNžP.p7qU„ç“á0á‡WXp7Y[NžY[Nž‘ \aqM7NQ\5àlá0áÎZ…M7NQP¢Y[UOYeP.Y[qd[Ye¤\qU7ˆuMWc4ˆ7qoPQ\P.pW\’cOqoP.p f.\t,Y[N.PQ\f…vbfŽ\qapÎNQPQf [email protected].\}tfqocOp¡NQ\cOqofqoPQ\d[ƒj †p7Y[d[\6ç“á0áÍUW\\ˆ7NŽYeP…b,U7deƒ£b,UOa@\}vbf…P.pW\u †pWb,de\ Z!\P.pWblˆ4‡{ÓWbfŽ\@xlqZ€cOde\jHvbf‚P.pW\uZ!\P.pWblˆµY[U^ÓÁYet,M7f.\siojJàWá0á ‘Odebla.¹lN5qNŽN.p7b †U#Y[U^ÓÁYet,MWf\|iiojH †p7Y”de\€ç“á0á

UW\\ˆ7N‚PQ\UµY[U7NQPQfMOZ!\U>P.qoP.Y[b,U#a@blˆW\

UW\\ˆ7N‚b,U7deƒs~Or\}Y[U7NQPQfMOZ!\U>P.qoP.Y[b,U^a@blˆW\6‘Od[bya¹yN…qN

N.pWb †UhY[U„ÓÁYet,M7f.\w§W‡

¾e(µgBA h h 0“ /2h.Y ã’MWf…tb,qd“vbf…czqoP.p#cOf.bo~zd[Y[U7thY[N5PQb{b‘7P.qY”U#f\d[Y[qo‘Ode\«Y[UWvbfZ€qoP.Yeb,U#vbfŽ‘ bP.p¡pWbPŽcOqoP.p7N…qU7ˆ¡fqof.\ cOqoP.p7Nj `p7Y[apsaqU{‘ \…MONQ\ˆsPQb}\N.P.Y[Z€qoPQ\!P.pW\Ža@b,NQP8qU7ˆs‘ \UW\@~OP`bv0bc7P.Y[Z6Ye¤qoP.Yeb,U7N‡wXp7\f.\vbf\‚ ž\ UW\\ˆ£PQb„\roqd[M7qoPQ\6P.pW\€qaaMWfqa@ƒ{bvžP.pW\!br\fqd”dcOqoP.p{c7fbo~zde\N’P.pW\Z€N.\der\NwfqoP.pW\f5P.p7qU«äQMONQPwP.pW\ a@br\f qot\‚bvHpWbPczqoP.p7N5g³km2n‡ X-b€\roqd[M7qoPQ\8P.pW\8qaaM7fqa@ƒ„bv-P.p7\8b,U7d[Y[U7\cOf.bo~zde\N“a@b,Z!cOqof\ˆhPQb€P.pW\wbo½}Y[UW\wr\fN.Y[b,U4jW J\‚M7NQ\ˆ P.pW\{šoìo•™ œe­ ˜£˜W•™SÐ¥•@ÚO®­—y•ug&ik2njÁP.pW\6N.qZ€\«Z!\PQfY”a€qN‚MONQ\ˆ¦‘yƒ£¨†fU7b,d[ˆ¦qU7ˆ¦Ü†ƒyˆ7\f}g&im2n‡„Xp7qoP…Y[Nj  ž\|\roqd[M7qoPQ\| †p7qoP6c \fa@\U"P.qot\{bvwP.pW\sc7f.bo~zde\N6a@b,d[de\a@PQ\ˆæ‘"ƒ¼àWá0áëbf}ç“á0á¾br\fd[qocON} †YeP.p¼YeP.N f.\NQc \[email protected]\wbo½}Y[UW\wa@b,Z!cOde\PQ\5c7f.bo~zde\N‡ÁÓ7bf†\@xWqZ!cOde\jWP.pW\wbr\fd[qochc \fa@\U"P.qot\5bvàláJá×Y[U„Xqo‘Ode\5k Y[N¸¸y‡¶í}jqU7ˆ„P.pW\5br\fd[qoc|c \fa@\U>P.qot\5bvÁç“áJáÖY[U„Xqo‘Ode\€i8Y”N†´¸y‡¶í}‡ ÓÁYet,MWf\«i²«N.pWb `N†P.pW\‚br\fd”qocsc \fa@\U"P.qot\NvbfP.pW\€àlá0°_^)äQryZ6¸·!‘\UOap7Z€qof¹„ †pW\Uhroqof.ƒlY[UWt P.pW\!P.pWf\N.pWb,d[ˆsroqd[MW\!bvžP.pW\!PQbP.qdHc7f.bo~de\!a@b,M7U>Pwvbf8\qa p^pWbP8Z!\P.p7byˆ4‡ŽÓWbf…a@b,Z!c7f.\N.N5qU7ˆ£ˆW‘¬j P.pW\}br\fd”qocÎc\f a@\U>P.qot\ubv’àWá0á

Y[N…N.Yet,U7Y&~aqU>P.deƒ£p7Y[t,pW\f‚P.pOqU#P.pOqoP…bv`çžáJá

f.\t,qofˆ7d[\N.N5bv`P.pW\

t,Yer\U|P.pWf.\N.p7b,d[ˆhroqd[MW\8bv0P.pW\5PQbP.qdc7f.bo~de\5a@b,M7U"P‡†XpW\N.\5P žb}‘\UOap7Z€qof¹yNqof.\‚d[b"bcsY[U>PQ\UON.Yer\j qU7ˆ„ç“á0áÖvqY”d[NžPQb!c7f.bo~zde\wNQb,Z€\8pWbPdebybcON“Y[U„NQ\r\fqd¬p7bP“Z€\P.pWbyˆON¢qNˆW\N.a@fY[‘\ˆuY[Uhày\[email protected][b,U‰ky‡ ky‡ ÓWbfZ!c \t,qM7ˆ7YebWjzàláJá×qapOYe\r\N`q!pOYet,pW\f¢br\f d[qoc‰c \fa@\U"P.qot\5 †Y[P.p„q€N.Z€qd[d[\f¢P.pWf.\N.pWb,d”ˆ„a@b,M7U>P‡

x :

Ç

—™˜,š~›7È4ɦš~¬|—™­|š|£e—-ÈOÊÕ¥~£&—µ³˜3š¬È ËÍÌt—~´~—µ—~­| 

mtrt

jess

100%

100%

90%

90%

80%

80%

70%

70%

60%

60% 100

500

1000

2000

5000

10000

100

compress

100%

1000

2000

5000 10000

db 100%

90%

90%

80%

80%

70%

70%

60%

60% 100

Accuracy

500

500

1000

2000

5000

10000

100

mpegaudio

100%

90%

90%

80%

80%

70%

70%

60% 500

1000

2000

5000

100

javac

90%

90%

80%

80%

70%

70%

60% 1000

2000

5000 10000

500

1000

2000

5000 10000

geometric mean 100%

500

2000

60%

10000

100%

100

1000

jack

100%

100

500

5000

60%

10000

100

The total profile samples for each method.

500

1000 SPP

2000

5000 10000

BPP

ÓÁYet,MWf.\€i²yâc^žb,Z!cOqofY”NQb,U£bv¢qaaMWfqa@ƒÖ]br\fd[qoc¡c\f a@\U>P.qot\N _8bv†àlá0°_^)äQryZ6¸·}‘ \U7a p7Z€qof.¹lNw‘ \@R P ž\\U{àláJáÖqU7ˆ„ç“áJáÖvbf\qap‰P.pWf.\N.p7b,d[ˆ4‡

?;

ɀµWðƒš~¤€µ³š7ð¦—Oñ…ò.—µWóhòJð¦¥zô eñ ­~¬

SPECjbb2000 100% 90% SPP

80%

BPP

70% 60% 100 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 Assign

bitops 100%

Accuracy

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

90%

80%

70% 100

100

500 1000 2000 5000 10000

500

FFT

1000 2000

5000 10000

fpemu

100%

100%

90%

90%

80%

80%

70%

70% 100

500

1000 2000 5000 10000

100

500

huff

1000

2000 5000 10000

IDEA 100%

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

90%

80%

70% 100

100

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 The total profile samples for each method.

d;egfihkjlnmpoKqcr`sitOu9vIjweyx7siz

s.{|v.}$}$hkj~v.}

€Es‚.l$jwƒyvIu

500

u„l$jw}lpz*…vIf.lpx~†

1000

2000

5000 10000

s.{ˆ‡Š‰Œ‹_rEŽ>ŽI..

7’'“•”–‹ŒtnvIjw—˜Ž„lpz>}~™>tnvIj—ŠxSŽ„l$…›š`l$lpz&‡Š‰'‰œv.z>‘’_‰'‰ž{Es.j–lpv.}w™Ÿ…™kjlpx™>siƒ@‘¡ 

¢.£

v.z>‘

¤'¥,¦w§9¨>©¡ªŠ§9«>¥,¬>§>­®¥0©9¯c°9­Œ¥.±k¦~§²©„³X´µ¥9¶9¥.±5¥9¬>·

Neural

LU 100%

100%

90%

90%

80%

80%

70% 100

500

70%

1000 2000 5000 10000

100

500

Accuracy

Numsort

1000

2000

5000 10000

StrSort

100%

100%

90%

90%

80%

80%

70%

70% 100

500

100

1000 2000 5000 10000

500

1000

2000

5000

10000

geometric mean (jBYTEmark) 100%

90% SPP 80%

BPP

70%

60% 100

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 The total profile samples for each method.

d;egfihkjlnmpoKqcr`sitOu9vIjweyx7siz

s.{|v.}$}$hkj~v.}

€Es‚.l$jwƒyvIu

u„l$jw}lpz*…vIf.lpx~†

s.{ˆ‡Š‰Œ‹_rEŽ>ŽI..

v.z>‘

7’'“•”–‹ŒtnvIjw—Ž„lpz>}w™>t¸vIj—Kx¹Ž„l$…›š`l$lpzž‡Š‰Œ‰ºv.z>‘»’_‰Œ‰º{Es.j¼lpv.}w™»…™kjwlpx™ksiƒ@‘¡ »€}siz …eyzн hklp‘,†

¢‚¢

Overhead over no profiling

ª*±k¾K§9¿*±k§>¾Š¥9ÀQÁ¡¥.±kÁ'¾Š°,Ã5·gÀ5·g¬9«

8%

8%

7%

7%

6%

6%

5%

5%

4%

4%

3%

3%

2%

2%

1%

1%

0%

100 500 1000 2000 5000 10000

0% mtrt

jess

compress

db

mpegaudio

jack

javac

GM

SPECjbb2000

d;egfihkjlnm‚Ä*qcÅÆ.l$jw™klpv.‘Ÿs.{®‡k‰Œ‰Çe@zȅ™kl•É9j~x7…Sjwh>zÊs.{Œ‡Š‰'‹`r7Št¸Ë.ÌQŽ„lpz>}w™>t¸vIj—Ív.z9‘Î‡Š‰Œ‹_r7Ž>Ž,I.. Žlpz9}w™>tnvIjw—˜sρ.l$jµ…™kl]xwv.tOl]jwh>zȚµeg…™ksihk…_u>jsIɃ@e@zkfk S€xtnv.ƒ@ƒ@l$je@x_Ž„l$…7…7l$j2†

Åczȅ™>lÆs.…™>l$j™>v.z>‘¡ÐŠ{Es.jv.z9‘¹7v‚5v.}IС‡Š‰Œ‰»u„l$j{Es.jwtnx_xƒ@e@fi™ …ƒg¸š's.jwxl•…™>v.zʒ_‰Œ‰Ñ{Es.j x7sitOlO…™>jlpx™ksiƒ@‘9x$ ]’`lp}$v.h>x7ln…™kl¼…7s.…v.ƒ"u9jsIÉ,ƒgl¼}sih>z*…]e@x•‘>egŠe@‘klp‘Îv.z>‘L‘>e@x7…7j~egŽ9hk…7lp‘Ÿl$.lpz>ƒgÎv.tnsizkf …™klOx7…7jwh9}…hkjlQf.jwvIu9™>xce@z&vÍfieg.lpzÒtOl$…™ksŠ‘¡Ð‡Š‰Œ‰Ótnv‚ÎtneyxxµxsitOlO™ks.…cu9vI…™>xƚ™klpz&…™kl¼tOl$…™ksŠ‘ }siz*…v.e@z>xStnv.z*˜ƒgsKs.u9x_v.z>‘È…™klcu>jwsIÉ,ƒglµ}sih9z …–v.xxwegfizklp‘Í…7sOlpv.}w™x…7jwh>}…hkjlcf.jwvIu,™˜Ž„lp}sitOlpxSxwtnv.ƒ@ƒÔ  ”–™>eyx`}$v.zŽl]eytOu>jsρ.lp‘ÈŽ*ÍlptOu9ƒgsÏKeyzkfOvOxv.tOu9ƒ@eyzkf¹…7lp}~™>z>e@ÕKhkl•s.j–ŽKÈv.‘ks.u>…e@zkfOvOIvIjwe@vIŽ,ƒglµu9jsIÉ,ƒgl }sih>z*…–{Es.j–lpv.}w™&ƒgsŠ}$v.ƒ„u>jsIÉ,ƒgl•v.xµ‘klpx}jwegŽ„lp‘Èe@zȅ™klÖ{siƒ@ƒ@s‚še@z>f¼xlp}…egsiz¡  d;egfihkjwlÍmpoÍx™ksϚxƅ™klOxv.tOl¼}sitOu9vIjweyx7siz>xÆ{s.jclpv.}~™Òs.{®…™kl¸‡Š‰Œ‹_r7Ž>Ž,I..Ív.z>‘O’'“c”‹ŒtnvIj— Ž„lpz>}w™9tnvIj— '’`lp}$v.h>x7lQtOsix7…u9js.f.jwv.tnxµe@z¹7’'“•”–‹Œt¸vIj—ÊvIjl¹zKh>tOl$jwey}$v.ƒ¡vIu>u9ƒ@e@}$vI…e@siz>x$Ð>tOsix7…µ}sizн ‘>eg…e@siz>v.ƒŽ9jwv.z>}w™>lpxµš`l$jlOu>jwlp‘>e@}…vIŽ9ƒglQv.z>‘&…™*h9xc…™klOv.}$}$hkjwv.}Ÿš_v.x•.l$j&™>egfi™¡ ]”™klQv.}$}$h>jwv.}Îs.{ ’_‰Œ‰»š_v.xSƒgs‚š`l$j_…™>v.z‡Š‰Œ‰×lpx7u„lp}$e@v.ƒyƒg¼{s.jSƒgsϚ'l$j_…™kjlpxw™ksiƒ@‘>x$ ;”–™>eyx'e@x`‘>hklµ…7s¼…™klÆxwv.tOlµjwlpv.x7sizÊv.x ‘klpx}j~egŽ„lp‘ÍeyzŸ‡Klp}…egsizΏK )K  ØzŸxh9tntnvIj.Ðv.x–š`lQ}$v.z&x7l$lÖ{Ejsitم™klÖf.l$sitOl$…7j~e@}¹tnlpv.z{Es.jµ…™klO‡Š‰Œ‹_r7Kt¸Ë.ÌKЄ‡Š‰Œ‰Vjlpv.}w™>lpx v.zv.}$}$hkj~v.}˜s.{"ËI Úۚeg…™Êv¼…™>jlpx™ksiƒ@‘È}sih>z*…Ss.{_mIА..O{s.jlpv.}w™Ÿ™>s.…–tOl$…™ksŠ‘¡ÐŠš™>e@ƒglc’_‰Œ‰œz>l$lp‘>x …7s¼}siƒ@ƒglp}…_v.z˜s.j~‘kl$j's.{0tnvIfiz>eg…h>‘>lµtOs.jlÆxv.tOu9ƒ@lpxŒ{Es.j'lpv.}~™ÊtOl$…™ksŠ‘¸…7sOv.}~™>egl$.lc…™klµxwv.tOlƃ@l$.lpƒ,s.{ v.}$}$hkjwv.}. `dkjsitB…™>l•f.l$sitOl$…7jwe@}]tnlpv.zÊs.{…™kl`’'“c”‹ŒtnvIj—Ðk…™kl]v.}$}$hkj~v.}Ís.{®‡Š‰'‰Ñe@x_š'lpƒyƒ¡vIŽsρ.l ËI ÚÜ{Es.j¼v.ƒyƒ'j~v.zkf.lpxQs.{…™klͅ™kjlpx™>siƒ@‘Ý}sih9z …$ЮŽ,hk…Q’_‰'‰XjlpÕKh>egjlpx¼ÞKА..Òu>jsIÉ,ƒ@lpxօ7sÒjlpv.}~™œËI Ú v.}$}$hkjwv.}. 

ß²àgßBá]â5ã>ä"åæçè×ãKé,êKâ5ë0ê*ì9í îLl–l$Iv.ƒ@h>vI…7lp‘O…™>lSs‚.l$jw™klpv.‘¸s.{¡‡k‰Œ‰šµeg…™Q5vIjwe@sih>x;…™kjlpx™>siƒ@‘>xlS…7s.…v.ƒ>u>jsIɃglS}sih>z …"{Es.j®lpv.}~™ ™ks.…ÆtOl$…™ksŠ‘¡ `ïÆƒg…™ksih>fi™Êš'lQ‘>e@‘>z²ðñ…–x™ks‚šò…™kl]sρ.l$jw™klpv.‘&s.{®’_‰Œ‰Çe@zd;egfihkjl˜m‚Ä*Ðeg…S…h>jwzklp‘sih>…–…7s Ž„ln.l$j}$ƒgsixl¸…7sŸ…™9vI…Ös.{µ‡Š‰'‰ó{Es.jÖlpv.}~™Ýu9js.f.jwv.tʠʔ–™Kh>x]š`l¸u9jlpx7lpz*…7lp‘…™kl˜s‚.l$jw™klpv.‘×s.{µ‡Š‰'‰ v.ƒgsizkl.  d;egfihkjwlm‚ÄÍx™ks‚šµx•…™klOs‚.l$j~™klpv.‘s.{–‡Š‰Œ‰ô{s.j]…™>l¼É9jwx7…cjwh>z&s.{–‡Š‰Œ‹_r7Kt¸Ë.Ì͎„lpz>}~™>tnvIj—&v.z>‘ {Es.jʅ™klÑmΚ_vIjlp™ksih9x7lÒs.{¼‡Š‰'‹`r7Ž>Ž,I..×Ž„lpz>}w™9tnvIj—œsρ.l$j…™klLxv.tOlÒjwh>zǚe@…™ksihk…‡Š‰Œ‰xc…™>lQ…eytOl¹{Es.j]}sitOu9eyƒ@vI…egsiz¡Ðjlp}sitOu9eyƒ@vI…egsiz¡Ð„IvIjwegsih>xÆu>jsIɃ@e@zkf¸v.}…e@Keg…e@lpx$вv.z>‘ u>js.f.j~v.tõlöŠlp}$hk…egsiz…eytOl. ˜îLlÍzks.…7l˜™>l$jln…™>vI…Qzkss.u>…e@t¸eg÷pvI…egsizLŽ9v.xlp‘Lsiz…™klÍ}siƒ@ƒglp}…7lp‘øu9vI…™ u>jsIɃglpx²š_v.xeyx²l$Iv.ƒ@h>vI…egsiz¡ ;”–™Kh>x²…™>l'jlpxwh>ƒg…e@z9}$ƒ@h>‘klpx¡…™>l'u„sixxe@Ž9ƒgl"u„l$j{Es.jwtnv.z>}l ‘kl$f.jwv.‘9vI…egsizŸ}$v.h>xlp‘ŸŽKȅ™kl¹‘klpƒyvpÈs.{"…™klÖjwlp}sitOu9e@ƒ@vI…e@size@zʅ™kl¹u>jsIÉ,ƒye@zkf¼u„l$jwegsŠ‘Êv.xš`lpƒ@ƒ²v.xµ…™kl s‚.l$j~™klpv.‘Ÿs.{®‡Š‰'‰žeg…x7lpƒ@{U 

¢pù

¤'¥,¦w§9¨>©¡ªŠ§9«>¥,¬>§>­®¥0©9¯c°9­Œ¥.±k¦~§²©„³X´µ¥9¶9¥.±5¥9¬>·

”–™>lQu„l$j{Es.jwtnv.z9}l¼eytOu9v.}…•{Es.j]}sitOu>jlpxxÖv.z>‘L‘kŽe@xÆlöŠ…7jlptOlpƒgÒxtnv.ƒ@ƒ ¹”–™>eyxÆeyxcŽlp}$v.h9x7lO…™kl zKh>t֎„l$j–s.{®™>s.…µtOl$…™ksŠ‘>x–eyz…™klpx7l֎lpz9}w™>tnvIjw—Kxµe@xSjlpƒ@vI…e@.lpƒgÊxtnv.ƒ@ƒŒ€vIjwsih>z>‘øm$ †~ µÅ•z…™kl¹s.…™kl$j ™>v.z>‘²Ð>vpIv.}˜™9v.xÖvŸú,vI…ÖlöŠlp}$hk…egsizÝu>jsIÉ,ƒ@lOšeg…™øt¸v.z LlpÕKh>v.ƒ@ƒg&š_vIjwtÜtnl$…™ksK‘9x$ Ê”–™klnu>jwsIÉ,ƒ@e@zkf s‚.l$j~™klpv.‘Í{s.j_v]u>jws.f.jwv.tûše@…™¸v•úvI…Œu>jsIɃgl–}$v.z͎lµƒ@vIjf.l$jŒ…™9v.z¸…™>vI…'{s.j`sizklµšeg…™nv¹tOs.jlµxu9eg—K löŠlp}$hk…egsizu9jsIÉ,ƒgl. O”–™klOsρ.l$jw™klpv.‘øs.{–‡k‰Œ‹`r0Ž>ŽI..Êe@x•xe@tneyƒ@vIjc…7s…™>vI…]s.{7v‚5v.}¸Ž„lp}$v.h>x7lnŽ„s.…™ ™>v‚.l]ú,vI…Su>jwsIÉ,ƒglpxSv.z>‘v¸ƒ@vIjf.l]zKh>t֎„l$jSs.{"tOl$…™ksŠ‘>xStQh>x7…–Ž„lcu>jsIɃglp‘Ê‘>hkjweyzkf¹…™>l]löKlp}$h>…egsiz¡  ”–™>lns‚.l$jw™>lpv.‘Ýs.{µ‡k‰Œ‰ô{Es.j7’'“•”–‹ŒtnvIjw—&š_v.x¹…7s*s&xtnv.ƒ@ƒ"…7sΎ„l¸x™ksϚzøe@z…™kl¸f.jwvIu,™¡ Ê”–™>e@x e@xSŽ„lp}$v.h>xl]lpv.}w™ÎŽ„lpz>}w™>t¸vIj—˜u9js.f.jwv.tü™>v.xµvO{El$šò™ks.…ƒ@s*s.u9x–…™>vI…vIjlQeg…7l$jwvI…7lp‘{Es.jtnv.z*Ê}K}$ƒ@lpx$Ð š™>ey}w™Êe@xSlpz>sihkfi™Ê…7s¸™>ey‘klc…™kl•s‚.l$jw™>lpv.‘Ÿs.{®‡Š‰Œ‰ƒy‘Ñ…vI—.l&ƒ@sizkf.l$jn…™>v.zV’`‰'‰x7l.ÐSe@zх™>lŸ}$hkjjlpz*…¸e@tnu9ƒglptOlpz*…vI…egsiz¡Ð

u>jsIɃ@e@zkfÝu>jsŠ}l$lp‘>xe@z tQh>ƒg…egu9ƒ@l&x7…7l$u,xÈ{jsit

…™>lLsihk…ƒ@e@zklLx7…7j~h>}…hkjlÒf.jwvIu9™ …7sž…™kle@z>zkl$jʃgsKs.u

x7…7jwh9}…hkjl•f.jwvIu9™9x–‘kl$u„lpz>‘>e@z>f¹sizʅ™>lÖzklpx7…7lp‘ƒ@l$.lpƒ¡s.{;…™kl]ƒgsKs.u9x–e@zȅ™kl•fie@.lpzŸtOl$…™ksŠ‘¡ ®”–™9e@xS}$v.z Ž„le@tOu>jws‚.lp‘ÑŽKÝu9jsIÉ,ƒ@e@z>f&v.ƒ@ƒ–s.{µ…™klÎx7…7jwh>}…hkjwlÊf.jwvIu9™>xnvI…¸siz>}l.Ð_Ž9hk…neg…Oš`sih>ƒ@‘ÑjwlpÕ*h>e@jlÊtOs.jl



š`s.j—KeyzkfOŽ9h „l$jwx$  ”–™>lcv.}$}$h>jwv.}Ès.{0…™kl]}siƒyƒglp}…7lp‘Êu>jsIɃglpx_š'sih9ƒ@‘ÍŽlp}sitnlÖh>zklöŠu„lp}…7lp‘>ƒg¸ƒgsϚ'l$jš™klpzȚ`l]h>x7l]v xtnv.ƒyƒŠu>jsIÉ,ƒglS}sih>z*…®{Es.j®lpv.}w™Íx7…7jwh9}…hkjlSf.jwvIu9™² ;”™>e@x;}$v.z¸™>vIu9ulpz¼šµ™klpzOx7sitOlƒ@s*s.u9xŒe@zOv•tOl$…™ksŠ‘ vIjlÍjwvIjlpƒgÒlöŠlp}$hk…7lp‘»s.jQ…™kl$jlÈvIjl¸…7sKs&t¸v.z øx…7jwh>}…hkjl˜f.jwvIu9™>xQe@zÝvŸtOl$…™ksŠ‘¡ Ÿ”™>e@xÖeyx֑>hkl˜…7s …™kl]{v.}……™9vI…–…™klÖ}$hkjwjlpz …µe@tOu9ƒglptnlpz …vI…egsizʑ9egKey‘klpx`…™kl]…7s.…v.ƒ0u>jsIÉ,ƒgl•}sih>z*…lpÕKh>v.ƒ@ƒ@˜v.tOsizkf˜…™kl x7…7jwh9}…hkjl¸f.j~vIu9™>x$ Ÿ”™>e@xÖ}sih9ƒ@‘øŽ„l¸eytOu>jsρ.lp‘øŽKlptOu9ƒ@s‚Še@zkfŸv&xv.tOu9ƒye@zkfʅ7lp}w™9z>e@ÕKhkl˜…7sÒ}w™9v.zkf.l …™klnxv.tnu9ƒ@e@zkfÍjwvI…7lns.j֎*ÒvʑkŠz>v.tne@}¼tOlp}~™>v.z>e@xt



…7sÎv.xxegfizLvʑ>e l$jlpz*…•u>jsIɃglQ}sih9z …]{Es.j]lpv.}~™

x7…7jwh9}…hkjl•f.jwvIu9™ŸvI…–jwh>z*…e@tOl.  ïÆz¹v.ƒ@…7l$jwz>vI…eg.l_š`sih>ƒ@‘]Ž„l'…7sÆvIu>u,ƒg•u9vI…™¹u>jsIÉ,ƒ@eyzkf–x7lpƒglp}…eg.lpƒ@]…7sµ…™>six7lSƒgs*s.uQx7…7jwh>}…h>jl'f.j~vIu9™>x š™ksixlnƒgs*s.uÝzksK‘>lpx]e@z҅™klnsih>…7l$jÖf.jwvIu9™9x]vIjln{Esih>z>‘Ò…7sΎln™>s.…]sizklpx]šµ™klpzL}siƒ@ƒglp}…e@z>fʅ™klnlpvIjwƒg u>jsIɃglpx$ ÍîǙ>eyƒglO…™>e@x¹e@tOu9ƒglptnlpz …vI…egsizø}$v.z>zks.…¹‘>l$…7lp}…Q™ks.…QƒgsKs.u9xփgsŠ}$vI…7lp‘×e@zvj~vIjlpƒgÒlöKlp}$h>…7lp‘ jl$fiegsiz&s.{'…™kl¹sih>…7l$j]x7…7jwh>}…hkjwl¹f.jwvIu,™¡Ð¡eg…Æ}$v.zÒ}siƒ@ƒ@lp}…Æu,vI…™Îu9jsIÉ,ƒglpxµ{s.j]v͙ks.…cjl$fiegsizÒ}siz>z>lp}…7lp‘ {EjsitB…™kl•lpz*…7jÈu„sie@z …_s.{;…™klÖtnl$…™ksK‘Èšµeg…™Êƒgs‚š`l$jsρ.l$jw™klpv.‘¡ 

 !#"$&%(' *0) vIjwh>x,+ m.m. - v.z9‘»…™klÊs.…™kl$jnŽK“®sih>z>føv.z>‘ /+ño0-Юš`l$jlÈu>js.u„six7lp‘Ý{Es.jQs 1Íe@zklÈh>x7l͚eg…™×x7…vI…e@}È}sitOu9e@ƒ@l$jwx$ Ò”–™klȒ`v.ƒyƒ ½)vIjwh9xօ7lp}~™>z>e@ÕKhkl

”Sš`sLu9vI…™»u>jsIɃ@e@zkf΅7lp}w™>z>eyÕ*hklpxpЌsizklʎKݒ_v.ƒ@ƒSv.z>‘ ‡Štne@…™

…7jlpvI…x–v.ƒyƒ9…™kl•ƒgsKs.uȎ9v.}—.lp‘>f.lpx–v.x_…›š`snx7l$u9vIjwvI…7l•u,vI…™>x$Њsizklcu9vI…™Ílpz>‘>e@z>fQvI…SvQŽ9v.}—.lp‘>f.lÖv.z>‘Í…™kl s.…™kl$jQu9vI…™×x7…vIj…e@zkf&vI…¹…™>lÍxv.tnl¸Ž9v.}w—.lp‘kf.l. &”™klpegjօ7lp}~™>z>e@ÕKhklÍv.xxegfiz>x¹e@z>x7…7j~h>tOlpz*…vI…egsizø}sŠ‘kl Ž9ƒgsŠ}—Šx;…7s•…™klS}w™>s.jw‘¼lp‘kf.lpx"s.{,…™kl–x7u9v.z>z9e@zkf…7jwl$lSs.{9…™klS}siz*…7jsiƒŠú9sϚÑf.jwvIu9™¼s.{9…™>lS…vIjf.l$…®tOl$…™ksŠ‘ …7sÒtne@z>e@t¸eg÷$ln…™klÈz*h9t֎„l$jÖs.{µe@z>x7…7jwh9tOlpz …vI…e@sizø}sŠ‘kl˜Ž,ƒgsK}w—Kx¹siz×lpv.}w™»u9vI…™² Î”–™klpz×eg…Qe@z>x7l$j…xQv xe@tnu9ƒglÖvIjwe@…™>tOl$…e@}¹s.u„l$jwvI…egsizÎ{s.jclpv.}w™øe@z>x7…7jwh9tOlpz …vI…e@sizŸ}sŠ‘kl¼Ž9ƒgsŠ}—…7sÊ}$v.ƒ@}$h>ƒyvI…7l¹…™klOx7…vI…7l¼{Es.j

324 57698;:< =?>@5:A8~ `”–™klÆÉ,z>v.ƒ„x7…vI…7l]s.{0…™kl•u9vI…™Èjl$fieyx7…7l$j

u9vI…™Èu>jwsIÉ,ƒ@e@zkf¹Ž*Íh>xe@z>fQv¼IvIjwe@vIŽ9ƒ@lÆ}$v.ƒ@ƒ@lp‘Êv

e@x;…™klSu,vI…™ne@z>‘klöQs.{,…™>lS…7jwv.}lp‘nu9vI…™² ;”™kl$¹‘klptnsiz>x7…7jwvI…7lp‘O…™9vI…®…™klSs‚.l$j~™klpv.‘ns.{„u9vI…™¼u>jwsIÉ,ƒ@e@zkf }$v.zŽ„lcjlp‘>h9}lp‘Ê…7snŽ„l]v.xxt¸v.ƒ@ƒ„v.x–…™>vI…–{Es.j–lp‘kf.lÖu>jsIÉ,ƒ@eyzkfk 

AB ¢

ª*±k¾K§9¿*±k§>¾Š¥9ÀQÁ¡¥.±kÁ'¾Š°,Ã5·gÀ5·g¬9«

”–™>lc“®sih>zkfI½ ‡Štne@…™Ê…7lp}w™>z9e@Õ*h>l֑klÉ,zklpx–u9vI…™>xv.x…™klփ@v.x…S—ÍŽ9jwv.z>}w™>lpx–s.{;…™kl]löŠlp}$hk…egsizŸ…7jwv.}l

DC

vI…`lpv.}w™Ílp‘kf.l. ®Ø …Œu>jwsIÉ,ƒglpx®u,vI…™>xŒŽKn}siz>x7…7j~h>}…e@zkf¹…™klu9vI…™Êr_d ¼ÐKšµ™kl$jl–lpv.}~™ÊzksK‘>l–jl$u>jlpxlpz …x_v u9vI…™˜e@zO…™kl–s.j~egfie@z>v.ƒk}siz*…7jsiƒ9ú9s‚šVf.jwvIu9™¸v.z9‘Olpv.}w™Ílp‘kf.lµjl$u>jlpx7lpz*…x®…™>lƒ@v.x7…®lp‘>f.ls.{„…™klu9jsIÉ,ƒglp‘

)

u9vI…™¡ e@ƒgl`…™kl`“®sih>zkfI½ ‡Št¸eg…™Q…7lp}w™>z>eyÕ*hkl_™>v.x"™>e@fi™kl$j0sρ.l$jw™klpv.‘O…™9v.z¹…™>l_’_v.ƒ@ƒg½ vIjwh>xz>e@ÕKhkl.Ð

E+ñoŠÐ²m$ - 

eg…–}$v.zŸu>js‚Še@‘kl•tOs.jwl֑kl$…v.e@ƒglp‘Êeyzk{s.j~tnvI…egsizÊh>x7l${h>ƒ{Es.jx7sitOlÖv.‘>5v.z>}lp‘Ÿs.u>…e@tne@÷pvI…egsiz>x

”–™>lŸe@z>x7…7j~h>tOlpz*…vI…egsizœxv.tOu,ƒ@e@zkfL{Ejwv.tOl$š`s.j—ô€Eš'lÒ}$v.ƒ@ƒµeg…n؇ŠdXe@zÑsihkj˜u9vIu„l$j2†Qu>jws.usixlp‘ÑŽ*

F–Š‘kl$jG+ mpýH-®™>v.xƎ„s.…™Òv.‘k5v.z*…vIf.lpxÖv.z9‘&‘9e@xv.‘kIv.z …vIf.lpx•eyz&}sitnu9vIjwe@x7siz&…7sÈsihkj¹‡Š‰'‰

ïµjwzksiƒ@‘&v.z>‘

{Ejwv.tOl$š`s.j—, nïÆƒg…™ksih>fi™Òš'ln™>v‚.l¸zks.…ÖeytOu9ƒglptOlpz*…7lp‘&…™klpegj•{Ejwv.tOl$š`s.j—&sizLsihkjÖx7Šx7…7lpt

{Es.jÖvÈ{v.egj

}sitOu9vIj~e@x7siz¡Ð5š'l'jsihkfi™>ƒ@Ælpx…e@tnvI…7lp‘¹…™kl'v.}$}$hkj~v.}]s.{ŠØ7‡ŠdŽ*•u>jws‚Še@‘>e@zkfSvµ}sih>z …7l$j;{Es.jlpv.}~™¹u9jsIÉ,ƒgl u„sie@z*…–e@z’_‰Œ‰Çv.z>‘löŠlp}$hk…e@z>fn…™kl]u>jwsIÉ,ƒgl]}siƒ@ƒglp}…e@sizsiz>}l]l$.l$jwxv.tOu9ƒ@eyzkfOe@z …7l$jw5v.ƒÔ `”–™kl]jwlpxh>ƒg… e@xS…™9vI…–Ø7‡kd×v.z9‘Î‡Š‰Œ‰žx™ks‚š

v.ƒ@tOsix7…S…™>lÖxv.tOlփ@l$.lpƒ¡s.{"v.}$}$hkjwv.}ÈsizŸv‚.l$jwvIf.l¹{Es.j–lpv.}~™Ÿ…™kjwlpx™ksiƒ@‘

}sih>z*…$ ŒïÆx_{s.j_…™klcu>jsIɃ@e@zkf]sρ.l$jw™klpv.‘¡Ð,eg…`eyx'u9js.u„s.j…egsiz>v.ƒ,…7s¼…™klc…7s.…v.ƒ²v.tOsih>z*…_s.{u>jsIɃglpxŒ…7sOŽ„l

I

}siƒ@ƒglp}…7lp‘²ÐŠv.z9‘¸…™Kh>x_}siz>xe@‘>l$jlp‘¸…™>lÆxv.tnlµŽ„l$…›š`l$lpzȅ™klƅ›š`s¼{jwv.tnl$š's.j—Šx$ ®”–™>lµ‘>e „l$jlpz>}lcƒ@eglpx'e@z …™>vI…'‡Š‰'‰LlöŠlp}$hk…7lpx®u>jwsIÉ,ƒ@e@zkfµe@zOvcŽ9hkjwx…›Ötnv.z9zkl$jpÐ.š™>eyƒgl'؇ŠdΚ's.jw—Kx;siznv•xwv.tOu9ƒ@e@z>fŽ9v.xeyx$ 0؇Šd&e@x

.

l „lp}…eg.lµ{Es.j`—.l$l$u9e@zkf]…™>lµtnv5öke@tQh>tûu>jwsIÉ,ƒ@e@zkfcsρ.l$jw™klpv.‘ȃgs‚šÖÐ Ž9hk…'eg…'™>v.xŒ…›š`s¹u„sixxwegŽ9ƒgl_u>js.Ž,ƒglptnx$  d;egjwx7…$Ð*eg…"e@z>}$hkjwx;v.znv.‘9‘>eg…egsiz>v.ƒŠx7…7s.j~vIf.ljlpÕKh>egjlptnlpz …;{Es.j®…™kl–}sŠ‘kl–‘>hku9ƒye@}$vI…egsiz¡ ‘¡Ð*e@…;t¸vI—.lpx

H

…™klµu>jsIÉ,ƒ@eyzkf•u„l$jwegsŠ‘nt¹h9}w™Íƒgsizkf.l$j`…™>v.zȇk‰Œ‰‘˜eg…'}$v.zÈv „lp}…'…™>lµsρ.l$jwv.ƒ@ƒ,ul$jw{s.jwt¸v.z>}lµ‘>h>l–…7s …™kl֑>lpƒ@vpÍs.{0{hkj…™>l$j–s.u>…e@tne@÷pvI…egsiz>x_Ž9v.x7lp‘sizʅ™kl]u>jwsIÉ,ƒglp‘Èe@zk{Es.jwtnvI…egsiz² 

JÆegj÷$lpƒ0u>js.u„six7lp‘&v˜…7lp}~™>z>e@ÕKhklQ…7sÈu>jsIÉ,ƒglQ™ks.…•‘>vI…vÈx7…7jlpv.tnxÆ{Es.j•siz>ƒ@e@z>lÖh>x7l¼e@z *ñ+ HK -  ”–™kl$LfivI…™>l$jlp‘ÑxhkŽ9xlpÕ*hklpz9}lpxÖs.{Ƒ>vI…v&jl${l$jwlpz>}lpx v.z>‘Í}sitOu>jlpxwx7lp‘¸…™>lptþŽKnh>xeyzkf]…™kl]‡KlpÕKh>eg…hkjŒv.ƒ@f.s.jweg…™>tLñ+ .ÞH„ - …7s¹löŠ…7jwv.}…_…™klc™ks.…'‘>vI…vQx7…7jlpv.t¸x$  r_™9e@ƒ@e@t¹Ž9e¡v.z>‘

s.jw‘kl$j¼…7sLvIu>u9ƒ@ґ>Kz>v.t¸e@}nu>jwl${l$…}~™>e@zkf

î ™>e@ƒgl¹…™klpegjc…7lp}w™>z9e@Õ*h>lQ}$v.zL‘kl$…7lp}…]™>s.…ÆlöŠlp}$hk…e@z>fͅ7j~v.}lpx$Ðeg…ce@xÆzks.…•x7…7jwv.egfi™*…7{s.jwš`vIjw‘Lv.xc…7sʙksϚ …7s¸h>xl•…™klptü{Es.j–u>js.f.j~v.t¼½jlpx7…7jwh9}…hkjwe@zkf¼s.u>…eytneg÷pvI…egsiz>xp 

MÆŠz>v.tOs+ñ.oH-®e@xcvȑkKz9v.tne@}]s.u9…e@tneg÷pvI…egsizÒx7Šx7…7lptÊСšµ™>e@}w™Î…vI—.lpx•Ž9eyz>vIj}sŠ‘klOv.x•e@zku9hk…Æv.z>‘ jl$s.u>…eytneg÷$lpx_eg…_vI…`j~h>z …eytOl. ;îǙklpzÈeg…_e@‘klpz*…e É9lpx`v¼™ks.…_…7jwv.}l]e@z˜…™klcu>js.f.jwv.t

v.xSv.zÍs.u>…e@t¸eg÷pvI…egsiz

ONQPSRL€z>löK…`löKlp}$h>…e@zkfօv.eyƒ†T+ñiÄH-…7sÖjlp‘9h>}l…™klµ…7s.…v.ƒu>jsI½

…vIjf.l$…$Ðkeg…'lptOu9ƒgsÏKx`v]…7lp}~™>z>e@ÕKhklµ}$v.ƒyƒglp‘

VUÆxe@zkfXWµ‹'”•Ð9š™>lpzŸv¸}sih9z …7l$jcsiz&v¸x7…vIj…½s.{½…7jwv.}lOu„sie@z*…–lök}l$lp‘>xcvn…™kjlpxw™ksiƒ@‘¡Ð Wµ‹'”X}$v.zøe@‘klpz*…eg{EΙks.…•u,vI…™>x

É,ƒ@eyzkfOs‚.l$jw™>lpv.‘¡ 

…™klnzklöŠ…]löŠlp}$hk…e@zkfʅ7j~v.}l˜e@xcjlp}s.j~‘klp‘v.x]…™>ln™ks.…]…7jwv.}l. nî ™>e@ƒ@l ÕKh>e@}—ŠƒgLše@…™ÝƒgsϚ

s‚.l$jw™klpv.‘²ÐŒeg…¼e@x¹z>s.…Q}$ƒglpvIj¼š™>l$…™kl$jOeg…¹}$v.z»u>jws‚Še@‘kl˜v&xe@t¸e@ƒ@vIj¹ƒ@l$.lpƒ's.{µv.}$}$hн

jwv.}ʅ7s˜sihkjµvIu>u9jsiv.}w™Î{s.jÆv.z>v.ƒgK÷pe@zkfn…™>lÖ}six7…cv.z>‘Ž„lpzklÉ9…Ss.{®vIu9u9ƒgŠe@zkf¼u>js.f.jwv.tO½jlpx7…7jwh>}…h>jwe@zkf s.u>…e@t¸eg÷pvI…egsiz>x$ 

Y OZXD  [ [ îLlc™>vp.lƑklpx}jwegŽ„lp‘nv¹zkl$šžu,vI…™nu>jsIɃ@e@zkfc…7lp}w™9z>e@ÕKhkl.Ð*x7…7j~h>}…hkjwv.ƒ9u9vI…™nu>jwsIÉ,ƒ@e@zkfn€‡Š‰'‰`†~Ð*š™>e@}~™ne@x u>jwv.}…ey}$v.ƒ{Es.j"h>x7…½›e@zk½…e@tOlÖ}sitOu,e@ƒgl$jwx$ Åch>j–…7lp}w™>z9e@Õ*h>lÖu9vIj…e@…egsiz>x–v˜fieg.lpz&tOl$…™ksŠ‘Ÿe@z*…7s˜v˜x7l$…µs.{ x7…7jwh9}…hkjl]f.jwvIu,™>xSŽ9v.x7lp‘Ÿsiz…™klQƒgsKs.uŸ™>egl$jwvIj~}w™*.Ð,v.z>‘ÎvIu>u9ƒ@eglpx_u,vI…™u>jsIɃ@e@zkf¼{Es.jlpv.}w™&x7…7jwh9}…hkjl f.jwvIu9™Îe@z>‘kl$u„lpz>‘>lpz …ƒg. _î eg…™&‡k‰Œ‰jsIÉ,ƒ@eyzkf¼s‚.l$jw™klpv.‘Lv.z9‘Ÿ™>egfi™Îv.}$}$hkjwv.}

s.{;…™kl•jlpxh9ƒg…e@zkf¼u>jsIɃglpx$ 

]\

îLlÊe@tOu,ƒglptOlpz*…7lp‘øsihkjQ…7lp}w™9z>e@ÕKhklÍeyz…™klÍØ ’

ÿivpIvÒÿih>x7…½Øzн›”–eytOl˜}sitOu,e@ƒgl$jp &ŕhkj¹löŠu„l$jwe ½

tOlpz*…x]x™ksϚû…™>vI…Öe@…c}$v.zøu>jsρKe@‘>lQu9jsIÉ,ƒgl¼e@zk{Es.jwtnvI…egsizҚµeg…™Òv.zv.}$}$hkjwv.}Òs.{SvIjsih>z>‘ËI Ú

1

šeg…™

…™kl•…7s.…v.ƒu>jsIÉ,ƒgl•}sih>z*…Ss.{SmIА..n{Es.j–lpv.}w™ÎtOl$…™ksŠ‘Êe@zÊ}sitOu9vIj~e@x7sizȅ7sn…™kl•s Íe@zkl]}sitOu9ƒ@l$…7l•u9vI…™ u>jsIɃglpx$Ðiš™9e@ƒgl`š'lÆ}$v.z¸ƒ@e@t¸eg…;…™kl–u>jsIɃ@e@zkfÆs‚.l$jw™>lpv.‘¸…7s¹šeg…™>e@zOýiÚûsiznvp.l$j~vIf.lc‘9hkjwe@zkfc…™klµv.}…eg.l u>jsIɃ@e@zkfQu9™>v.x7l. 

_^ ¢

¤'¥,¦w§9¨>©¡ªŠ§9«>¥,¬>§>­®¥0©9¯c°9­Œ¥.±k¦~§²©„³X´µ¥9¶9¥.±5¥9¬>·

` ('a "b!dce/D  H

QWµl$…›š`s.j—žr`sitOu9h>…e@zkfΉ'ƒ@vI…7{Es.jwt

îLl…™>v.zk—ø…™klx7…v ¡x¼s.{

F–lpxlpvIjw}w™œƒyvIŽs.j~vI…7s.jø{Es.j

vI…n”s.—K.s

e@tOu,ƒglptOlpz*…e@zkfcsihkj`ÿiØ ” r`sitOu9eyƒgl$jp îLlƚ`sih>ƒ@‘nƒ@e@—.l–…7sօ™>v.z>—Q…™>lµv.zksiz*Ktnsih>xŒjwl$Kegl$š`l$jwxŒ{s.j'…™klpegj h>x7l${h>ƒ¡}sitntnlpz …x$ 

gfhg%([  + m@-iÝ \  ®ïµjwzksiƒ@‘¡Ðd\Ý aJµeyz>‘¡Ð®v.z>‘Ñ’Æ [CQ aF–Š‘kl$jpÐ3jwÅcz>ƒ@e@z>lÍdkl$lp‘>Ž9v.}—*½Mcegjlp}…7lp‘ÇÅcu>…e@tneg÷pvI…e@sizÝs.{ ÿ vpIvŠÐlÎ k eyznmpoq]8;rts@:u:wv =?ox< >Orhy576:{z|&}~mH€ q DzVN‚|ar o_yA:A8;:Aosp:$r o„ƒ†…ˆ‡t:ws_5ˆ‰@ƒ]8@=:.o5:uvOqT8hr ‰ @5:AŠ3>p‹&4 ox< g4t#z2(2’‘“=”su4 5ˆ=”r o 2> Ð9u>u ²m.m.mp,• mp.ËKСI.iK  +ñ0-i\Ý Œ‰;v.ƒglp}÷pz*.ÐrÆ d–ce@}—Ð`v.z9‘VrÆ 'r_ƒ@ey}—Ð3j7”–™klŸÿ vpIvJµs.…~‡Ku„s.…͇Kl$j.l$jÍr_sitOu9e@ƒgl$j‚Ðlkøe@z—qT8hr ‰ s@:u:uv =?oŽ< >{r;yi576:˜4 ™H4›š=?8.5ˆg4 ‘&}4(sA6œ=?o:EžŸ:@>t:w4 8;s.64 ov R:us.6œo’r ‘Iru< Œ$~Œ ŠV2rH>@=?¼ Š Сu>u² tnvŠÐ"”• “Œv.xhkl.Ðd\Ý ¢¡Övpš_v.™>eg…7skÐdJ¹ ¢¡•sit¸vI…xh¡Ð"v.z>‘×”• DWÆvI—5vI…v.z9eÔÐEj7ï£MÆKz9v.tne@} Åcu>…e@tneg÷pvI…e@sizždkjwv.tnl$š's.j—Ç{Es.jÈvÑÿ vpIv»ÿ h>x7…½Øzн›”–e@tnlÒr`sitOu,e@ƒgl$jpÐlÑ k e@z¤q]8;rts@:u:wv =?ox< >¥rhy¦576 : z|&}‚~mH€ q[zQN§|ar otyA:A8;:Aosp:{r o ƒ†…”‡A:ust5ˆ‰.ƒ]8p=:.o5:uviqT8hru< 8;4 Š{Ši=7ox< ‹ ~ŒH>@5:AŠi>u‹4 ox< g4t{ z]2(2‘¨=”su4 5ˆ=”r o 2> Ð,u>u „mpÌI0,• mpËHkK вI.kmI  + K -i\Ý x¡Övpš_v.™>eg…7skÐ JÖ Ž¡•sitnvI…xh²ÐKv.z>‘˜”• xWÆvI—IvI…v.z>eÔÐj7‹Œƒ@e@t¸e@z>vI…e@zkf•‹®öŠ}l$u>…e@sizÈr_™>lp}—Šx'v.z>‘˜‰;vIj7½ …eyv.ƒœ– F lp‘9h>z>‘>v.z>}$e@lpx¡{s.j9vpIvÆÿ h>x7…½›e@zн›”e@tOl'r`sitOu,e@ƒgl$jwx$Ðlµ k ”lp}~™¡  – F l$u² H; F ”–iý.ÞIŠÐ.Ø ’]\£ F lpx7lpvIjw}~™ Fl$u„s.j…$Ð9I..Š  +ñÞ0-C¼ ïµt¸tOsiz>x•v.z>‘øÿ> &F] &)0vIjwh>x$ІjØtOu>jws‚Še@zkf,McvI…v5½Ôú9s‚š ïÆz>v.ƒgŠxe@xƚeg…™L‰;vI…™ø‰ŒjsIÉ,ƒglpxpÐlke@z qT8hr_sp:u:uv =7ox< >Srhy©576:†z|&}ª~mH€ q DzVN«|ar otyt:.8w:.os@:Sr oOq]8;rw< 8;4 Š{Š{=?oŽu² 9ÄI_K• ÌHkK Б\Ý (M¹ Š‡Štneg…™¡Ð¯jw‡K…vI…ey}r`s.jjlpƒ@vI…7lp‘O’`jwv.z9}w™n‰Œjlp‘>e@}…egsiz²ÐlkSz|&}°Rg8;4 o >.4œst5ˆ=”r o > r o,qT8hru< 8;4 Š{Ši=7ox Ð9.siƒ 9ŠmIÐ,zksk 9ÞKÐ>u9u² ²m$i.Ì_,• m$ ÄIÞKÐ"mpË.Ë.ËK  +Ä_-iFÖ *’`sŠ‘>eg—МF]  Cchku>…vŠÐŠv.z>‘G\Ý x)Œ Š‡Ks ¡vŠÐjwr`sitOu9ƒgl$…7lVF–lptOsρ5v.ƒs.{¯F–lp‘>h9z>‘>v.z*…Œ‹"öŠu>jlpxxwegsiz>x$Ðlk eyz¥q]8;rtsp:p:wv =7ox< >Xr;yG576:{z|&}±~mH€ q DzVN‚|ar otyt:.8w:.o’sp:Or o¥q]8;rw< 8;4 Š{Š{=?oŽo Ðu>u² ²mp,• m.kK ЅvŠÐœMQ .ïÖ .’`l$jwx7siz²Ðiv.z>‘Oÿk (²e@‘klp‘Q‰;vIj…e@v.ƒMÆlpv.‘˜r`sŠ‘kl`‹'ƒ@e@t¼½ eyz>vI…egsiz$µ U xwe@zkf¼‰®jlp‘>ey}$vI…egsiz¡Ðl¼ k e@z,q]8;rtsp:p:wv =7ox< >irhyE576:O|ar otyt:.8w:.o’sp:ir o,qŸ4 8;4 ‘7‘:A‘’zQ8;s.6œ=ˆ5:ws_5ˆŽ8w:@> 4 ov|ar ŠV2=?‘4 5ˆ=”r o„R’:wsA6œog=”³A:@2> Ðku>u² ²m$i_,• m.mpýKÐ;mpË.ËiÄ*  +ñË0-iFÖ Cch>u>…vŠÐdMQ z>fv.z>‘\ø ¯MQ ‡Štneg…™¡Ð]j7’`l$…7…7l$j{Ccƒ@s.Ž9v.ƒ®‡Š}w™klp‘9h>ƒ@e@zkfXUµxeyzkf͉;vI…™L‰ŒjsIÉ,ƒglpx$ÐlkÈe@zqT8hr ‰ s@:u:uv =?oŽ< >3rhySµx¶H>@5dmpo5:A8po4(5ˆ=ˆr o’4 ‘]|ar otyA:A8;:Aosp:{r ob}=”sA8;rt4 8;s.6œ=ˆ5:ws_5ˆŽ8w: Ðu>u² ¡m.mpÞ_,• mp.ýKÐ"mpË.Ë.ÌK  + m.m@-Q”] i’`v.ƒyƒkv.z>‘¸ÿk (FÖ ()vIjwh9x$Ðj7‹a·Í}$eglpz …®‰;vI…™˜‰®jsIÉ,ƒye@zkfkÐlk•e@zq]8;rts@:u:wv =?ox< >©rhy†¸x¹ 576{mpo5:A8po’4 5ˆ=ˆr o4 ‘ |ar otyA:A8;:Aosp:{r o,}n=ˆst8hr_4 8hsA6œ=ˆ5:wst5ˆ8w: Єu>u²  K o_K• ÞiÄ*Ð;mpË.Ë.oK  tº ¢

ª*±k¾K§9¿*±k§>¾Š¥9ÀQÁ¡¥.±kÁ'¾Š°,Ã5·gÀ5·g¬9«

+ mp0-Q‰fO{s.jce@z>x7…7j~h>}…egsiz>xSv.z>‘&tOlptOs.jwƒgsK}$vI…e@siz>x$ÐlkG\&v.x7…7l$jpðxc…™>lpxe@x$Ð U z>eg.l$j~xeg…›˜s.{Œr_v.ƒ@eg{Es.jwz>e@vŠÐ>‡Šv.z,c Æ M egl$f.skБגƠCQ F–Š‘kl$jpЩj7ïüdkjwv.tnl$š's.j—ø{s.j{F–lp‘>h9}$e@zkf…™klÊr`six7…Qs.{SØ z9x7…7jwh>tOlpz*…7lp‘ r_sK‘kl.ÐlÊ k eyznqT8hr_sp:u:uv =7ox< >Or;y{576 :iz|&}»~mH€ q[zQNª|ar otyA:A8;:Aosp:Or oq]8;rwu² ²mpo.Ì_,• m‚ÄIËKвI.kmI  + m.K -Q”] „’_v.ƒ@ƒЄ‰f¸.l$jwxh9xƉ;vI…™‰ŒjsIÉ,ƒ@eyzkfkq”–™kln‡Š™ksϚS½ ‘>s‚šz¡ÐlQ k e@z9q]8;rtsp:p:wv =7ox< >Er;yQ576:E¸x¼ 576Gz|&}ª~ mH€ q zQN½~ mH€ z|ŸR¥~Œ ŠV2rH>p=7Чr o9q]8@=?ost=l2’‘:.> r;yQq]8;rw< 8;4 Š{Š{=?oŽu² ²mpýHKH,• m. K ÌKÐ"mpË.Ë.ÌK  + mpÞ0-iFÖ kr_si™>z¸v.z>‘͉Ž9v.}—È‘>egjlp}…7lp‘˜s.u>…e@t¸eg÷pvI…egsizÍe@zÍr`sitnu9v.Õ9ðx`}sitOu9eyƒ@vI…egsiz …7sKsiƒ@xO{Es.jnïÆƒgu9™>vŠÐlÝ k e@z—q]8;rtsp:p:wv =7ox< >brhy9¸(ovz|&} ¾br 8u¿0>u6Žr@2#r o*ÀD:u:wvx…w4(sA¿0‰¬E=78w:wst5:uv/ƒD2’5ˆ=?‰ Š{=®Át4 5ˆ=”r o>Р9d;e@x™kl$j‚Ð j7”j~v.}lO‡Š}~™klp‘>h>ƒye@zkfkqŒïX”0lp}w™>z9e@Õ*h>l]{s.j´Ccƒgs.Ž9v.ƒD\Îey}jsK}sŠ‘klOr`sitOu9v.}…egsiz²ÐlkOm;P P[P Rg8;4 o >.4œst5ˆ=”r o >{r o*|ar І2’5:A8u2> Ð9.siƒÔ „r'½UýIŠÐ9zksk Ä*Ð9u>u²  *K ÄIÌ_•œ K ËIŠÐ;mpË.̊mI  + m‚Ä_-¹î  DJµšh¡Ð®‡ ï¹ D\&v.™>ƒg—.l.Ðz¡Ð F   ¼ Ö C  kÅch>lpƒ@ƒgl$…7…7l.ÐF] Š‹– Jµv.zk—Ðk”• ¡]eg.si™>vIjwvŠÐgCQ k‹– ŽJµv.vIŽÐ9ÿk C¼ Jµsiƒ@tÊЊv.z>‘OMQ \Ý )vp.l$jw.Ð j ”™klʇkhku„l$jŽ9ƒgsŠ}—qQïÆz»‹a„ lp}…eg.lʔlp}~™>z>e@ÕKhkl˜{s.j{–©²) Ø î v.z>‘чŠhku„l$jwx}$v.ƒ@vIjOr`sitOu9eyƒ@vI…egsiz¡Ðlk 7 ˜ r 8@o4 ‘¢r;y©~02 :.8;sur ŠV2 5ˆ=7ox.< Ё.siƒÔ Ä*Ð,zksk 0€mIÐ)i†~Ð9u9u² 9..Ë_K• H K ÌKÐlp}w™*…7l$jpÐ*v.z>‘\Ý œMQ *‡Štne@…™¡Ð¯j7‹®u9™klptnl$jwv.ƒŠØ z9x7…7jwh>tOlpz*…vI…egsiz¼{Es.jd)egfi™*…›š`lpegfi™*… ‰Œjs.f.jwv.tü‰ŒjsIÉ,ƒ@eyzkfkÐlQ k …7lp}w™¡ ,jl$u² gÐgÆ J vIj5vIj~‘,µ U z9eg.l$jwxeg…U.ÐmpË.Ë.ËK  + mpË0-Q‰fns.{aF–lp‘>h>}$e@Ž9ƒgl]v.z>‘ÊØ jjlp‘9h>}$egŽ9ƒgl©)²sKs.u9x$Ðlk$z|&}ÂR 8;4 o >A4(st5ˆ=”r o >r obqT8hr ‰ Ð>.siƒÔ mpËKÐ9z>sk gkK Ð>u>u² 9Þ.ÞiÄtK• Þ.oiÄ*Ð;mpË.ËiÄ*  +ñIH-¼ÿ> ¡O ¢Jsiƒ@ƒye@zkfix7š`s.j…™¡Ðe@}…eyzkfu>js.f.j~v.tõŽ„lp™>vpŠegs.jÖh9xe@zkfÊjlpv.ƒŒs.jÖlpx7…eytnvI…7lp‘øu9jsIÉ,ƒglpx$ÐlkÎe@zÄqT8hr ‰ s@:u:uv =?oŽ< >¦rhy¦576:,z|&} ~mH€ q[zQN±|ar otyt:.8w:.o’sp:r oËq]8;rw< 8;4 Š{Š{=?oxo Ðu>u² >Þ.Ë_Š• Ä5ŠÐe@ƒ@eyt֎9e0v.z>‘¥\Ý JÆegj÷$lpƒÔÐVj;MµŠz>v.tney}Js.…iMcvI…v҇K…7jwlpv.tõ‰®jl${El$…}w™9e@zkf{Es.j{CÆlpz>l$jwv.ƒ ½ ‰'hkju„six7l_‰®js.f.j~v.tÊÐlÖ k e@zqT8hrts@:u:uv =?oŽ< >©r;y†576:]z|&}Í~mH€ q DzVNÎ|ar o_yA:A8;:Aosp:©r oGqT8hrw