Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA

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LNCS 8580

Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2014 14th International Conference Guimarães, Portugal, June 30 – July 3, 2014 Proceedings, Part II

Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2014

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LNCS 8580

The LNCS series reports state-of-the-art results in computer science research, development, and education, at a high level and in both printed and electronic form. Enjoying tight cooperation with the R&D community, with numerous individuals, as well as with prestigious organizations and societies, LNCS has grown into the most comprehensive computer science research forum available.

Murgante et al. (Eds.)

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Beniamino Murgante Sanjay Misra Ana Maria A.C. Rocha Carmelo Torre Jorge Gustavo Rocha Maria Irene Falcão David Taniar Bernady O. Apduhan Osvaldo Gervasi (Eds.)

ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN 978-3-319-09128-0

9 783319 091280

›

springer.com

ICCSA 2014

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Lecture Notes in Computer Science Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany

8580

Beniamino Murgante Sanjay Misra Ana Maria A.C. Rocha Carmelo Torre Jorge Gustavo Rocha Maria Irene Falcão David Taniar Bernady O. Apduhan Osvaldo Gervasi (Eds.)

Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2014 14th International Conference Guimarães, Portugal, June 30 – July 3, 2014 Proceedings, Part II

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Volume Editors Beniamino Murgante, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Sanjay Misra, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Ana Maria A.C. Rocha, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal E-mail: [email protected] Carmelo Torre, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Jorge Gustavo Rocha, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal E-mail: [email protected] Maria Irene Falcão, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal E-mail: [email protected] David Taniar, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Bernady O. Apduhan, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Osvaldo Gervasi, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy E-mail: [email protected] ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349 ISBN 978-3-319-09128-0 e-ISBN 978-3-319-09129-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09129-7 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014942987 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 1 – Theoretical Computer Science and General Issues © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in ist current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Welcome Message

On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee of ICCSA 2014, it is a pleasure to welcome you to the 14th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, held during June 30 – July 3, 2014. We are very proud and grateful to the ICCSA general chairs for having entrusted us with the task of organizing another event of this series of very successful conferences. ICCSA will take place in the School of Engineering of University of Minho, which is located in close vicinity to the medieval city centre of Guimar˜ aes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in Northern Portugal. The historical city of Guimar˜aes is recognized for its beauty and historical monuments. The dynamic and colorful Minho Region is famous for its landscape, gastronomy and vineyards where the unique Vinho Verde wine is produced. The University of Minho is currently among the most prestigious institutions of higher education in Portugal and offers an excellent setting for the conference. Founded in 1973, the University has two major poles: the campus of Gualtar in Braga, and the campus of Azur´em in Guimar˜ aes. Plenary lectures by leading scientists and several workshops will provide a real opportunity to discuss new issues and find advanced solutions able to shape new trends in computational science. Apart from the scientific program, a stimulant and diverse social program will be available. There will be a welcome drink at Instituto de Design, located in an old Tannery, that is an open knowledge centre and a privileged communication platform between industry and academia. Guided visits to the city of Guimar˜aes and Porto are planned, both with beautiful and historical monuments. A guided tour and tasting in Porto wine cellars, is also planned. There will be a gala dinner at the Pousada de Santa Marinha, which is an old Augustinian convent of the 12th century refurbished, where ICCSA participants can enjoy delicious dishes and enjoy a wonderful view over the city of Guimar˜ aes. The conference could not have happened without the dedicated work of many volunteers, recognized by the coloured shirts. We would like to thank all the collaborators, who worked hard to produce a successful ICCSA 2014, namely Irene Falc˜ao and Maribel Santos above all, our fellow members of the local organization. On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee of ICCSA 2014, it is our honor to cordially welcome all of you to the beautiful city of Guimar˜ aes for this unique event. Your participation and contribution to this conference will make it much more productive and successful. We are looking forward to see you in Guimar˜aes. Sincerely yours, Ana Maria A.C. Rocha Jorge Gustavo Rocha

Preface

These 6 volumes (LNCS volumes 8579-8584) consist of the peer-reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2014) held in Guimar˜ aes, Portugal during 30 June – 3 July 2014. ICCSA 2014 was a successful event in the International Conferences on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA) conference series, previously held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (2013), Salvador da Bahia, Brazil (2012), Santander, Spain (2011), Fukuoka, Japan (2010), Suwon, South Korea (2009), Perugia, Italy (2008), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2007), Glasgow, UK (2006), Singapore (2005), Assisi, Italy (2004), Montreal, Canada (2003), and (as ICCS) Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2002) and San Francisco, USA (2001). Computational science is a main pillar of most of the present research, industrial and commercial activities and plays a unique role in exploiting ICT innovative technologies, and the ICCSA conference series has been providing a venue for researchers and industry practitioners to discuss new ideas, to share complex problems and their solutions, and to shape new trends in computational science. Apart from the general track, ICCSA 2014 also included 30 workshops, in various areas of computational sciences, ranging from computational science technologies, to specific areas of computational sciences, such as computational geometry and security. We accepted 58 papers for the general track, and 289 in workshops. We would like to show our appreciation to the workshops chairs and co-chairs. The success of the ICCSA conference series, in general, and ICCSA 2014, in particular, was due to the support of many people: authors, presenters, participants, keynote speakers, workshop chairs, Organizing Committee members, student volunteers, Program Committee members, Advisory Committee members, international liaison chairs, and people in other various roles. We would like to thank them all. We also thank our publisher, Springer–Verlag, for their acceptance to publish the proceedings and for their kind assistance and cooperation during the editing process. We cordially invite you to visit the ICCSA website http://www.iccsa.org where you can find all relevant information about this interesting and exciting event. June 2014

Osvaldo Gervasi Jorge Gustavo Rocha Bernady O. Apduhan

Organization

ICCSA 2014 was organized by University of Minho, (Portugal) University of Perugia (Italy), University of Basilicata (Italy), Monash University (Australia), Kyushu Sangyo University (Japan).

Honorary General Chairs Antonio M. Cunha Antonio Lagan`a Norio Shiratori Kenneth C. J. Tan

Rector of the University of Minho, Portugal University of Perugia, Italy Tohoku University, Japan Qontix, UK

General Chairs Beniamino Murgante Ana Maria A.C. Rocha David Taniar

University of Basilicata, Italy University of Minho, Portugal Monash University, Australia

Program Committee Chairs Osvaldo Gervasi Bernady O. Apduhan Jorge Gustavo Rocha

University of Perugia, Italy Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan University of Minho, Portugal

International Advisory Committee Jemal Abawajy Dharma P. Agrawal Claudia Bauzer Medeiros Manfred M. Fisher Yee Leung

Daekin University, Australia University of Cincinnati, USA University of Campinas, Brazil Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria Chinese University of Hong Kong, China

International Liaison Chairs Ana Carla P. Bitencourt Claudia Bauzer Medeiros Alfredo Cuzzocrea

Universidade Federal do Reconcavo da Bahia, Brazil University of Campinas, Brazil ICAR-CNR and University of Calabria, Italy

X

Organization

Marina L. Gavrilova Robert C. H. Hsu Andr´es Iglesias Tai-Hoon Kim Sanjay Misra Takashi Naka Rafael D.C. Santos

University of Calgary, Canada Chung Hua University, Taiwan University of Cantabria, Spain Hannam University, Korea University of Minna, Nigeria Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan National Institute for Space Research, Brazil

Workshop and Session Organizing Chairs Beniamino Murgante

University of Basilicata, Italy

Local Organizing Committee Ana Maria A.C. Rocha Jorge Gustavo Rocha Maria Irene Falc˜ ao Maribel Yasmina Santos

University University University University

of of of of

Minho, Minho, Minho, Minho,

Portugal (Chair) Portugal Portugal Portugal

Workshop Organizers Advances in Complex Systems: Modeling and Parallel Implementation (ACSModPar 2014) Georgius Sirakoulis Wiliam Spataro Giuseppe A. Trunfio

Democritus University of Thrace, Greece University of Calabria, Italy University of Sassari, Italy

Agricultural and Environment Information and Decision Support Systems (AEIDSS 2014) Sandro Bimonte Florence Le Ber Andr´e Miralles Fran¸cois Pinet

IRSTEA France ENGES, France IRSTEA France IRSTEA France

Advances in Web Based Learning (AWBL 2014) Mustafa Murat Inceoglu

Ege University, Turkey

Organization

XI

Bio-inspired Computing and Applications (BIOCA 2014) Nadia Nedjah Luiza de Macedo Mourell

State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Computational and Applied Mathematics (CAM 2014) Maria Irene Falcao Fernando Miranda

University of Minho, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal

Computer Aided Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis (CAMSA 2014) Jie Shen

University of Michigan, USA

Computational and Applied Statistics (CAS 2014) Ana Cristina Braga Ana Paula Costa Conceicao Amorim

University of Minho, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal

Computational Geometry and Security Applications (CGSA 2014) Marina L. Gavrilova Han Ming Huang

University of Calgary, Canada Guangxi Normal University, China

Computational Algorithms and Sustainable Assessment (CLASS 2014) Antonino Marvuglia Beniamino Murgante

Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Luxembourg University of Basilicata, Italy

Chemistry and Materials Sciences and Technologies (CMST 2014) Antonio Lagan`a

University of Perugia, Italy

XII

Organization

Computational Optimization and Applications (COA 2014) Ana Maria A.C. Rocha Humberto Rocha

University of Minho, Portugal University of Coimbra, Portugal

Cities, Technologies and Planning (CTP 2014) Giuseppe Borruso Beniamino Murgante

University of Trieste, Italy University of Basilicata, Italy

Computational Tools and Techniques for Citizen Science and Scientific Outreach (CTTCS 2014) Rafael Santos Jordan Raddickand Ani Thakar

National Institute for Space Research, Brazil Johns Hopkins University, USA Johns Hopkins University, USA

Econometrics and Multidimensional Evaluation in the Urban Environment (EMEUE 2014) Carmelo M. Torre Maria Cerreta Paola Perchinunno Simona Panaro Raffaele Attardi

Polytechnic of Bari, Italy University of Naples Federico II, Italy University of Bari, Italy University of Naples Federico II, Italy University of Naples Federico II, Italy

Future Computing Systems, Technologies, and Applications (FISTA 2014) Bernady O. Apduhan Rafael Santos Jianhua Ma Qun Jin

Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan National Institute for Space Research, Brazil Hosei University, Japan Waseda University, Japan

Formal Methods, Computational Intelligence and Constraint Programming for Software Assurance (FMCICA 2014) Valdivino Santiago Junior

National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Brazil

Organization

XIII

Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics (GEOG-AN-MOD 2014) Giuseppe Borruso Beniamino Murgante Hartmut Asche

University of Trieste, Italy University of Basilicata, Italy University of Potsdam, Germany

High Performance Computing in Engineering and Science (HPCES 2014) Alberto Proenca Pedro Alberto

University of Minho, Portugal University of Coimbra, Portugal

Mobile Communications (MC 2014) Hyunseung Choo

Sungkyunkwan University, Korea

Mobile Computing, Sensing, and Actuation for Cyber Physical Systems (MSA4CPS 2014) Saad Qaisar Moonseong Kim

NUST School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pakistan Korean Intellectual Property Office, Korea

New Trends on Trust Computational Models (NTTCM 2014) Rui Costa Cardoso Abel Gomez

Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal

Quantum Mechanics: Computational Strategies and Applications (QMCSA 2014) Mirco Ragni Vincenzo Aquilanti Ana Carla Peixoto Bitencourt

Universidad Federal de Bahia, Brazil University of Perugia, Italy Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Brazil Roger Anderson University of California, USA Frederico Vasconcellos Prudente Universidad Federal de Bahia, Brazil

XIV

Organization

Remote Sensing Data Analysis, Modeling, Interpretation and Applications: From a Global View to a Local Analysis (RS2014) Rosa Lasaponara Nicola Masini

Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis National Research Council, Italy Archaeological and Monumental Heritage Institute, National Research Council, Italy

Software Engineering Processes and Applications (SEPA 2014) Sanjay Misra

Covenant University, Nigeria

Software Quality (SQ 2014) Sanjay Misra

Covenant University, Nigeria

Advances in Spatio-Temporal Analytics (ST-Analytics 2014) Joao Moura Pires Maribel Yasmina Santos

New University of Lisbon, Portugal New University of Lisbon, Portugal

Tools and Techniques in Software Development Processes (TTSDP 2014) Sanjay Misra

Covenant University, Nigeria

Virtual Reality and its Applications (VRA 2014) Osvaldo Gervasi Lucio Depaolis

University of Perugia, Italy University of Salento, Italy

Workshop of Agile Software Development Techniques (WAGILE 2014) Eduardo Guerra

National Institute for Space Research, Brazil

Big Data:, Analytics and Management (WBDAM 2014) Wenny Rahayu

La Trobe University, Australia

Organization

XV

Program Committee Jemal Abawajy Kenny Adamson Filipe Alvelos Paula Amaral Hartmut Asche Md. Abul Kalam Azad Michela Bertolotto Sandro Bimonte Rod Blais Ivan Blecic Giuseppe Borruso Yves Caniou Jos´e A. Cardoso e Cunha Leocadio G. Casado Carlo Cattani Mete Celik Alexander Chemeris Min Young Chung Gilberto Corso Pereira M. Fernanda Costa Gaspar Cunha Alfredo Cuzzocrea Carla Dal Sasso Freitas Pradesh Debba Hendrik Decker Frank Devai Rodolphe Devillers Prabu Dorairaj M. Irene Falcao Cherry Liu Fang Edite M.G.P. Fernandes Jose-Jesus Fernandez Maria Antonia Forjaz Maria Celia Furtado Rocha Akemi Galvez Paulino Jose Garcia Nieto Marina Gavrilova Jerome Gensel

Daekin University, Australia University of Ulster, UK University of Minho, Portugal Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal University of Potsdam, Germany University of Minho, Portugal University College Dublin, Ireland CEMAGREF, TSCF, France University of Calgary, Canada University of Sassari, Italy University of Trieste, Italy Lyon University, France Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal University of Almeria, Spain University of Salerno, Italy Erciyes University, Turkey National Technical University of Ukraine “KPI”, Ukraine Sungkyunkwan University, Korea Federal University of Bahia, Brazil University of Minho, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal ICAR-CNR and University of Calabria, Italy Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa Instituto Tecnol´ ogico de Inform´atica, Spain London South Bank University, UK Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada NetApp, India/USA University of Minho, Portugal U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, USA University of Minho, Portugal National Centre for Biotechnology, CSIS, Spain University of Minho, Portugal PRODEB and Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil University of Cantabria, Spain University of Oviedo, Spain University of Calgary, Canada LSR-IMAG, France

XVI

Organization

Maria Giaoutzi Andrzej M. Goscinski Alex Hagen-Zanker Malgorzata Hanzl Shanmugasundaram Hariharan Eligius M.T. Hendrix Hisamoto Hiyoshi Fermin Huarte Andres Iglesias Mustafa Inceoglu Peter Jimack Qun Jin Farid Karimipour Baris Kazar DongSeong Kim Taihoon Kim Ivana Kolingerova Dieter Kranzlmueller Antonio Lagan`a Rosa Lasaponara Maurizio Lazzari Cheng Siong Lee Sangyoun Lee Jongchan Lee Clement Leung Chendong Li Gang Li Ming Li Fang Liu Xin Liu Savino Longo Tinghuai Ma Sergio Maffioletti Ernesto Marcheggiani Antonino Marvuglia Nicola Masini Nirvana Meratnia Alfredo Milani Sanjay Misra Giuseppe Modica

National Technical University, Athens, Greece Deakin University, Australia University of Cambridge, UK Technical University of Lodz, Poland B.S. Abdur Rahman University, India University of Malaga/Wageningen University, Spain/Netherlands Gunma University, Japan University of Barcelona, Spain University of Cantabria, Spain EGE University, Turkey University of Leeds, UK Waseda University, Japan Vienna University of Technology, Austria Oracle Corp., USA University of Canterbury, New Zealand Hannam University, Korea University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic LMU and LRZ Munich, Germany University of Perugia, Italy National Research Council, Italy National Research Council, Italy Monash University, Australia Yonsei University, Korea Kunsan National University, Korea Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong University of Connecticut, USA Deakin University, Australia East China Normal University, China AMES Laboratories, USA University of Calgary, Canada University of Bari, Italy NanJing University of Information Science and Technology, China University of Zurich, Switzerland Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Research Centre Henri Tudor, Luxembourg National Research Council, Italy University of Twente, The Netherlands University of Perugia, Italy Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria University of Reggio Calabria, Italy

Organization

Jos´e Luis Monta˜ na Beniamino Murgante Jiri Nedoma Laszlo Neumann Kok-Leong Ong Belen Palop Marcin Paprzycki Eric Pardede Kwangjin Park Ana Isabel Pereira Maurizio Pollino

Alenka Poplin Vidyasagar Potdar David C. Prosperi Wenny Rahayu Jerzy Respondek Ana Maria A.C. Rocha Humberto Rocha Alexey Rodionov Cristina S. Rodrigues Octavio Roncero Maytham Safar Chiara Saracino Haiduke Sarafian Jie Shen Qi Shi Dale Shires Takuo Suganuma Sergio Tasso Ana Paula Teixeira Senhorinha Teixeira Parimala Thulasiraman Carmelo Torre Javier Martinez Torres Giuseppe A. Trunfio Unal Ufuktepe Toshihiro Uchibayashi

XVII

University of Cantabria, Spain University of Basilicata, Italy Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic University of Girona, Spain Daekin University, Australia Universidad de Valladolid, Spain Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland La Trobe University, Australia Wonkwang University, Korea Polytechnic Institute of Braganca, Portugal Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Italy University of Hamburg, Germany Curtin University of Technology, Australia Florida Atlantic University, USA La Trobe University, Australia Silesian University of Technology, Poland University of Minho, Portugal INESC-Coimbra, Portugal Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Russia University of Minho, Portugal CSIC, Spain Kuwait University, Kuwait A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda - Milano, Italy The Pennsylvania State University, USA University of Michigan, USA Liverpool John Moores University, UK U.S. Army Research Laboratory, USA Tohoku University, Japan University of Perugia, Italy University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal University of Manitoba, Canada Polytechnic of Bari, Italy Centro Universitario de la Defensa Zaragoza, Spain University of Sassari, Italy Izmir University of Economics, Turkey Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan

XVIII

Organization

Mario Valle Pablo Vanegas Piero Giorgio Verdini Marco Vizzari Koichi Wada Krzysztof Walkowiak Robert Weibel Roland Wism¨ uller Mudasser Wyne Chung-Huang Yang Xin-She Yang Salim Zabir Haifeng Zhao Kewen Zhao Albert Y. Zomaya

Swiss National Supercomputing Centre, Switzerland University of Cuenca, Equador INFN Pisa and CERN, Italy University of Perugia, Italy University of Tsukuba, Japan Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland University of Zurich, Switzerland Universit¨ at Siegen, Germany SOET National University, USA National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan National Physical Laboratory, UK France Telecom Japan Co., Japan University of California at Davis, USA University of Qiongzhou, China University of Sydney, Australia

Reviewers Abdi Samane Aceto Lidia Afonso Ana Paula Afreixo Vera Aguilar Antonio Aguilar Jos´e Alfonso Ahmad Waseem Aktas Mehmet Alarcon Vladimir Alberti Margarita Ali Salman Alvanides Seraphim ´ Alvarez Jacobo de U˜ na Alvelos Filipe Alves Cl´ audio Alves Jos´e Luis Amorim Ana Paula Amorim Paulo Anderson Roger Andrade Wilkerson Andrienko Gennady Apduhan Bernady Aquilanti Vincenzo Argiolas Michele

University College Cork, Ireland University of Pisa, Italy University of Lisbon, Portugal University of Aveiro, Portugal University of Barcelona, Spain Universidad Aut´ onoma de Sinaloa, Mexico Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria Yildiz Technical University, Turkey Universidad Diego Portales, Chile University of Barcelona, Spain NUST, Pakistan Northumbria University, UK University of Vigo, Spain University of Minho, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil University of California, USA Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Informations Systems, Germany Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan University of Perugia, Italy University of Cagliari, Italy

Organization

Athayde Maria Em´ılia Feij˜ao Queiroz Attardi Raffaele Azad Md Abdul Badard Thierry Bae Ihn-Han Baioletti Marco Balena Pasquale Balucani Nadia Barbosa Jorge Barrientos Pablo Andres Bartoli Daniele Ba¸c˜ao Fernando Belanzoni Paola Bencardino Massimiliano Benigni Gladys Bertolotto Michela Bimonte Sandro Blanquer Ignacio Bollini Letizia Bonifazi Alessandro Borruso Giuseppe Bostenaru Maria Boucelma Omar Braga Ana Cristina Br´as Carmo Cacao Isabel Cadarso-Su´ arez Carmen Caiaffa Emanuela Calamita Giuseppe Campagna Michele Campobasso Francesco Campos Jos´e Cannatella Daniele Canora Filomena Cardoso Rui Caschili Simone Ceppi Claudia Cerreta Maria Chanet Jean-Pierre Chao Wang Choi Joonsoo

XIX

University of Minho, Portugal University of Napoli Federico II, Italy Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India Laval University, Canada Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea University of Perugia, Italy Polytechnic of Bari, Italy University of Perugia, Italy University of Porto, Portugal Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Australia University of Perugia, Italy New University of Lisbon, Portugal University of Perugia, Italy University of Salerno, Italy University of Oriente, Venezuela University College Dublin, Ireland IRSTEA, France Universitat Polit`ecnica de Val`encia, Spain University of Milano, Italy Polytechnic of Bari, Italy University of Trieste, Italy “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Romania University Marseille, France University of Minho, Portugal Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal University of Aveiro, Portugal University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ENEA, Italy National Research Council, Italy University of Cagliari, Italy University of Bari, Italy University of Minho, Portugal University of Napoli Federico II, Italy University of Basilicata, Italy Institute of Telecommunications, Portugal University College London, UK Polytechnic of Bari, Italy University Federico II of Naples, Italy IRSTEA, France University of Science and Technology of China, China Kookmin University, South Korea

XX

Organization

Choo Hyunseung Chung Min Young Chung Myoungbeom Clementini Eliseo Coelho Leandro dos Santos Colado Anibal Zaldivar Coletti Cecilia Condori Nelly Correia Elisete Correia Filipe Correia Florbela Maria da Cruz Domingues Correia Ramos Carlos Corso Pereira Gilberto Cort´es Ana Costa Fernanda Costantini Alessandro Crasso Marco Crawford Broderick Cristia Maximiliano Cunha Gaspar Cunha J´acome Cutini Valerio Danese Maria Da Silva B. Carlos De Almeida Regina Debroy Vidroha De Fino Mariella De Lotto Roberto De Paolis Lucio Tommaso De Rosa Fortuna De Toro Pasquale Decker Hendrik Delam´e Thomas Demyanov Vasily Desjardin Eric Dwivedi Sanjay Kumar Di Gangi Massimo Di Leo Margherita

Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea University of L’Aquila, Italy PUC-PR, Brazil Universidad Aut´ onoma de Sinaloa, Mexico University of Chieti, Italy VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands University of Tr´as-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal FEUP, Portugal Instituto Polit´ecnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal University of Evora, Portugal UFPA, Brazil Universitat Aut` onoma de Barcelona, Spain University of Minho, Portugal INFN, Italy National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile CIFASIS and UNR, Argentina University of Minho, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal University of Pisa, Italy IBAM, CNR, Italy University of Lisboa, Portugal University of Tr´as-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal Hudson Alley Software Inc., USA Polytechnic of Bari, Italy University of Pavia, Italy University of Salento, Italy University of Napoli Federico II, Italy University of Napoli Federico II, Italy Instituto Tecnol´ogico de Inform´atica, Spain CNRS, France Heriot-Watt University, UK University of Reims, France Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, India University of Messina, Italy JRC, European Commission, Belgium

Organization

Di Trani Francesco Dias Joana Dias d’Almeida Filomena Dilo Arta Dixit Veersain Doan Anh Vu Dorazio Laurent Dutra Inˆes Eichelberger Hanno El-Zawawy Mohamed A. Escalona Maria-Jose Falc˜ ao M. Irene Farantos Stavros Faria Susana Faruq Fatma Fernandes Edite Fernandes Ros´ ario Fernandez Joao P Ferreira F´atima Ferr˜ ao Maria Figueiredo Manuel Carlos Filipe Ana Flouvat Frederic Forjaz Maria Ant´ onia Formosa Saviour Fort Marta Franciosa Alfredo Freitas Adelaide de F´atima Baptista Valente Frydman Claudia Fusco Giovanni Fussel Donald Gao Shang Garcia Ernesto Garcia Tobio Javier Gavrilova Marina Gensel Jerome Geraldi Edoardo Gervasi Osvaldo

XXI

University of Basilicata, Italy University of Coimbra, Portugal University of Porto, Portugal University of Twente, The Netherlands Delhi University, India Universit´e Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium ISIMA, France University of Porto, Portugal University of Tuebingen, Germany Cairo University, Egypt University of Seville, Spain University of Minho, Portugal University of Crete and FORTH, Greece University of Minho, Portugal Carnegie Melon University,, USA University of Minho, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal University of Tr´ as-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal University of Beira Interior and CEMAPRE, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal University New Caledonia, New Caledonia University of Minho, Portugal University of Malta, Malta University of Girona, Spain University of Napoli Federico II, Italy University of Aveiro, Portugal Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Information et des Syst`emes, France CNRS - UMR ESPACE, France University of Texas at Austin, USA Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China University of the Basque Country, Spain Centro de Supercomputaci´ on de Galicia (CESGA), Spain University of Calgary, Canada IMAG, France National Research Council, Italy University of Perugia, Italy

XXII

Organization

Giaoutzi Maria Gizzi Fabrizio Gomes Maria Cecilia Gomes dos Anjos Eudisley Gomez Andres Gon¸calves Arminda Manuela Gravagnuolo Antonia Gregori M. M. H. Rodrigo Guerlebeck Klaus Guerra Eduardo Hagen-Zanker Alex Hajou Ali Hanzl Malgorzata Heijungs Reinout Henriques Carla Herawan Tutut Iglesias Andres Jamal Amna Jank Gerhard Jiang Bin Kalogirou Stamatis Kanevski Mikhail Kartsaklis Christos Kavouras Marinos Khan Murtaza Khurshid Khawar Kim Deok-Soo Kim Moonseong Kolingerova Ivana Kotzinos Dimitrios Lazzari Maurizio Lagan` a Antonio Lai Sabrina Lanorte Antonio Lanza Viviana Le Duc Tai Le Duc Thang Lee Junghoon

National Technical University Athens, Greece National Research Council, Italy Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal ˜ Federal University of ParaAba, Brazil Centro de Supercomputaci´ on de Galicia, CESGA (Spain) University of Minho, Portugal University of Napoli Federico II, Italy Universidade Tecnol´ ogica Federal do Paran´a, Brazil Bauhaus University Weimar, Germany National Institute for Space Research, Brazil University of Surrey, UK Utrecht University, The Netherlands University of Lodz, Poland VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest˜ao, Portugal University of Malaya, Malaysia University of Cantabria, Spain National University of Singapore, Singapore Aachen University, Germany University of G¨avle, Sweden Harokopio University of Athens, Greece University of Lausanne, Switzerland Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA National Technical University of Athens, Greece NUST, Pakistan NUST, Pakistan Hanyang University, South Korea KIPO, South Korea University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic Universit´e de Cergy-Pontoise, France CNR IBAM, Italy Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Italy University of Cagliari, Italy CNR-IMAA, Italy Lombardy Regional Institute for Research, Italy Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Jeju National University, South Korea

Organization

Lee KangWoo Legatiuk Dmitrii Leonard Kathryn Lin Calvin Loconte Pierangela Lombardi Andrea Lopez Cabido Ignacio Louren¸co Vanda Marisa Luaces Miguel Lucertini Giulia Luna Esteban Robles Machado Gaspar Magni Riccardo Malonek Helmuth Manfreda Salvatore Manso Callejo Miguel Angel Marcheggiani Ernesto Marechal Bernard Margalef Tomas Martellozzo Federico Marvuglia Antonino Matos Jose Mauro Giovanni Mauw Sjouke Medeiros Pedro Melle Franco Manuel Melo Ana Millo Giovanni Min-Woo Park Miranda Fernando Misra Sanjay Modica Giuseppe Morais Jo˜ao Moreira Adriano Mota Alexandre Moura Pires Jo˜ao Mourelle Luiza de Macedo Mour˜ao Maria Murgante Beniamino NM Tuan

XXIII

Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Bauhaus University Weimar, Germany California State University, USA University of Texas at Austin, USA Technical University of Bari, Italy University of Perugia, Italy Centro de Supercomputaci´ on de Galicia, CESGA University Nova de Lisboa, Portugal University of A Coru˜ na, Spain IUAV, Italy Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Argentina University of Minho, Portugal Pragma Engineering SrL, Italy, Italy University of Aveiro, Portugal University of Basilicata, Italy Universidad Polit´ecnica de Madrid, Spain KU Lueven, Belgium Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona, Spain University of Rome, Italy Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Luxembourg Instituto Politecnico do Porto, Portugal University of Trieste, Italy University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal Universidade de S˜ ao Paulo, Brazil Generali Assicurazioni, Italy Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea University of Minho, Portugal Covenant University, Nigeria Universit`a Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy University of Aveiro, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil Universidade Nova de Lisboa - FCT, Portugal UERJ, Brazil Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal University of Basilicata, Italy Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam

XXIV

Organization

Nagy Csaba University of Szeged, Hungary Nash Andrew Vienna Transport Strategies, Austria Nat´ario Isabel Cristina Maciel University Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Nedjah Nadia State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Nogueira Fernando University of Coimbra, Portugal Oliveira Irene University of Tr´as-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal Oliveira Jos´e A. University of Minho, Portugal Oliveira e Silva Luis University of Lisboa, Portugal Osaragi Toshihiro Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Ottomanelli Michele Polytechnic of Bari, Italy Ozturk Savas TUBITAK, Turkey Pacifici Leonardo University of Perugia, Italy Pages Carmen Universidad de Alcala, Spain Painho Marco New University of Lisbon, Portugal Pantazis Dimos Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Greece Paolotti Luisa University of Perugia, Italy Papa Enrica University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Papathanasiou Jason University of Macedonia, Greece Pardede Eric La Trobe University, Australia Parissis Ioannis Grenoble INP - LCIS, France Park Gyung-Leen Jeju National University, South Korea Park Sooyeon Korea Polytechnic University, South Korea Pascale Stefania University of Basilicata, Italy Passaro Pierluigi University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy Peixoto Bitencourt Ana Carla Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil Perchinunno Paola University of Bari, Italy Pereira Ana Polytechnic Institute of Bragan¸ca, Portugal Pereira Francisco Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Portugal Pereira Paulo University of Minho, Portugal Pereira Ricardo Portugal Telecom Inovacao, Portugal Pietrantuono Roberto University of Napoli “Federico II”, Italy Pimentel Carina University of Aveiro, Portugal Pina Antonio University of Minho, Portugal Pinet Francois IRSTEA, France Piscitelli Claudia Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy Pi˜ nar Miguel Universidad de Granada, Spain Pollino Maurizio ENEA, Italy Potena Pasqualina University of Bergamo, Italy Prata Paula University of Beira Interior, Portugal Prosperi David Florida Atlantic University, USA Qaisar Saad NURST, Pakistan

Organization

Quan Tho Raffaeta Alessandra Ragni Mirco Rautenberg Carlos Ravat Franck Raza Syed Muhammad Ribeiro Isabel Ribeiro Ligia Rinzivillo Salvatore Rocha Ana Maria Rocha Humberto Rocha Jorge Rocha Maria Clara Rocha Maria Rodrigues Armanda Rodrigues Cristina Rodriguez Daniel Roh Yongwan Roncaratti Luiz Rosi Marzio Rossi Gianfranco Rotondo Francesco Sannicandro Valentina Santos Maribel Yasmina Santos Rafael Santos Viviane Santucci Valentino Saracino Gloria Sarafian Haiduke Saraiva Jo˜ao Sarrazin Renaud Schirone Dario Antonio Schneider Michel Schoier Gabriella Schutz Georges Scorza Francesco Selmaoui Nazha Severino Ricardo Jose Shakhov Vladimir Shen Jie Shon Minhan

XXV

Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam University of Venice, Italy Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil University of Graz, Austria IRIT, France Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea University of Porto, Portugal University of Porto, Portugal University of Pisa, Italy University of Minho, Portugal University of Coimbra, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal ESTES Coimbra, Portugal PRODEB, San Salvador, Brazil Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal DPS, University of Minho, Portugal University of Alcala, Spain Korean IP, South Korea Instituto de Fisica, University of Brasilia, Brazil University of Perugia, Italy University of Parma, Italy Polytechnic of Bari, Italy Polytechnic of Bari, Italy University of Minho, Portugal INPE, Brazil Universidade de S˜ao Paulo, Brazil University of Perugia, Italy University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy Pennsylvania State University, USA University of Minho, Portugal Universit´e Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium University of Bari, Italy ISIMA, France University of Trieste, Italy CRP Henri Tudor, Luxembourg University of Basilicata, Italy University of New Caledonia, New Caledonia University of Minho, Portugal Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia University of Michigan, USA Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea

XXVI

Organization

Shukla Ruchi Silva J.C. Silva de Souza Laudson Silva-Fortes Carina Sim˜ao Adenilso Singh R K Soares Inˆes Soares Maria Joana Soares Michel Sobral Joao Son Changhwan Sproessig Wolfgang Su Le Hoanh S´a Esteves Jorge Tahar Sofi`ene Tanaka Kazuaki Taniar David Tarantino Eufemia Tariq Haroon Tasso Sergio Teixeira Ana Paula Teixeira Senhorinha Tesseire Maguelonne Thorat Pankaj Tomaz Gra¸ca Torre Carmelo Maria Trunfio Giuseppe A. Urbano Joana Vasconcelos Paulo Vella Flavio Velloso Pedro Viana Ana Vidacs Laszlo Vieira Ramadas Gisela Vijay NLankalapalli Villalba Maite Viqueira Jos´e R.R. Vona Marco

University of Johannesburg, South Africa IPCA, Portugal Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ESTeSL-IPL, Portugal Universidade de S˜ ao Paulo, Brazil Delhi University, India INESC Porto, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil University of Minho, Portugal Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany Ho Chi Minh City Technical University, Vietnam University of Aveiro, Portugal Concordia University, Canada Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan Monash University, Australia Polytechnic of Bari, Italy Connekt Lab, Pakistan University of Perugia, Italy University of Tr´ as-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal University of Minho, Portugal IRSTEA, France Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Portugal Polytechnic of Bari, Italy University of Sassari, Italy LIACC University of Porto, Portugal University of Porto, Portugal University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil INESC Porto, Portugal MTA-SZTE, Hungary Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal National Institute for Space Research, Brazil Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain University of Basilicata, Italy

Organization XXVII

Wachowicz Monica Walkowiak Krzysztof Xin Liu Yadav Nikita Yatskevich Mikalai Yeoum Sanggil Zalyubovskiy Vyacheslav Zunino Alejandro

University of New Brunswick, Canada Wroclav University of Technology, Poland Ecole Polytechnique F´ed´erale Lausanne, Switzerland Delhi Universty, India Assioma, Italy Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Universidad Nacional del Centro, Argentina

XXVIII Organization

Sponsoring Organizations ICCSA 2014 would not have been possible without the tremendous support of many organizations and institutions, for which all organizers and participants of ICCSA 2014 express their sincere gratitude:

Universidade do Minho (http://www.uminho.pt)

University of Perugia, Italy (http://www.unipg.it)

University of Basilicata, Italy (http://www.unibas.it)

Monash University, Australia (http://monash.edu)

Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan (www.kyusan-u.ac.jp)

Associa¸c˜ao Portuguesa de Investiga¸ca˜o Operacional (apdio.pt)

Table of Contents

Workshop on Computational Optimization and Applications (COA 2014) IMRT Beam Angle Optimization Using DDS with a Cross-Validation Approach for Configuration Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joana M. Dias, Humberto Rocha, Br´ıgida Ferreira, and Maria do Carmo Lopes IMRT Beam Angle Optimization Using Non-descent Pattern Search Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Humberto Rocha, Joana M. Dias, Br´ıgida Ferreira, and Maria do Carmo Lopes Maximizing Expectation on Vertex-Disjoint Cycle Packing . . . . . . . . . . . . Jo˜ ao Pedro Pedroso

1

17

32

On Modelling Approaches for Planning and Scheduling in Food Processing Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.D.H. Claassen and Eligius M.T. Hendrix

47

A Multiobjective Approach for a Dynamic Simple Plant Location Problem under Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joana M. Dias and Maria do C´eu Marques

60

Joint Scheduling and Optimal Charging of Electric Vehicles Problem . . . Ons Sassi and Ammar Oulamara Automatic Clustering Using a Genetic Algorithm with New Solution Encoding and Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carolina Raposo, Carlos Henggeler Antunes, and Jo˜ ao Pedro Barreto On Simplicial Longest Edge Bisection in Lipschitz Global Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Juan F.R. Herrera, Leocadio G. Casado, Eligius M.T. Hendrix, and Inmaculada Garc´ıa Heuristics to Reduce the Number of Simplices in Longest Edge Bisection Refinement of a Regular n-Simplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guillermo Aparicio, Leocadio G. Casado, Bogl´ arka G-T´ oth, Eligius M.T. Hendrix, and Inmaculada Garc´ıa Multiple Roots of Systems of Equations by Repulsion Merit Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gisela C.V. Ramadas, Edite M.G.P. Fernandes, and Ana Maria A.C. Rocha

76

92

104

115

126

XXX

Table of Contents

Branch and Bound Based Coordinate Search Filter Algorithm for Nonsmooth Nonconvex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florbela P. Fernandes, M. Fernanda P. Costa, and Edite M.G.P. Fernandes

140

Solving Multilocal Optimization Problems with a Recursive Parallel Search of the Feasible Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ana I. Pereira and Jos´e Rufino

154

Stiction Detection and Quantification as an Application of Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ana S.R. Br´ asio, Andrey Romanenko, and Nat´ercia C.P. Fernandes

169

On the Properties of General Dual-Feasible Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J¨ urgen Rietz, Cl´ audio Alves, Jos´e Manuel Val´erio de Carvalho, and Fran¸cois Clautiaux

180

A Global Optimization Approach Applied to Structural Dynamic Updating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marco Dourado, Jos´e Meireles, and Ana Maria A.C. Rocha

195

A Hybrid Heuristic Based on Column Generation for Two- and ThreeStage Bin Packing Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Filipe Alvelos, Elsa Silva, and Jos´e Manuel Val´erio de Carvalho

211

Experiments with Firefly Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rog´erio B. Francisco, M. Fernanda P. Costa, and Ana Maria A.C. Rocha

227

A New Branch-and-Price Approach for the Kidney Exchange Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xenia Klimentova, Filipe Alvelos, and Ana Viana

237

A Study of the Complexity of an Infeasible Predictor-Corrector Variant of Mehrotra Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ana Paula Teixeira and Regina Almeida

253

A Multi-start Tabu Search Approach for Solving the Information Routing Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hela Masri, Saoussen Krichen, and Adel Guitouni

267

IMRT Beam Angle Optimization Using Electromagnetism-Like Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Humberto Rocha, Ana Maria A.C. Rocha, Joana M. Dias, Br´ıgida Ferreira, and Maria do Carmo Lopes Improving Branch-and-Price for Parallel Machine Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . Manuel Lopes, Filipe Alvelos, and Henrique Lopes

278

290

Table of Contents

XXXI

Workshop on Computational Geometry and Security Applications (CGSA 2014) Fast Parallel Triangulation Algorithm of Large Data Sets in E2 and E3 for In-Core and Out-Core Memory Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michal Smolik and Vaclav Skala

301

A Robust Key Management Scheme Based on Node Hierarchy for Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.S.M. Sanwar Hosen, Gideon, and Gi-hwan Cho

315

A Method to Triangulate a Set of Points in the Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taras Agryzkov, Jos´e L. Oliver, Leandro Tortosa, and Jos´e F. Vicent 3D Network Traffic Monitoring Based on an Automatic Attack Classifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diego Roberto Colombo Dias, Jos´e Remo Ferreira Brega, Luis Carlos Trevelin, Bruno Barberi Gnecco, Jo˜ ao Paulo Papa, and Marcelo de Paiva Guimar˜ aes Topology Preserving Algorithms for Implicit Surfaces Simplifying and Sewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aruquia Peixoto and Carlos A. de Moura Closest-Point Queries for Complex Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eugene Greene and Asish Mukhopadhyay How Similar Are Quasi-, Regular, and Delaunay Triangulations in R3 ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donguk Kim, Youngsong Cho, Jae-Kwan Kim, Yuan-Shin Lee, and Deok-Soo Kim

330

342

352 368

381

Workshop on Cities, Technologies and Planning (CTP 2014) WebGIS Solution for Crisis Management Support – Case Study of Olomouc Municipality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rostislav Netek and Marek Balun

394

Sensing World Heritage: An Exploratory Study of Twitter as a Tool for Assessing Reputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vasco Monteiro, Roberto Henriques, Marco Painho, and Eric Vaz

404

Municipal Building Regulations for Energy Efficiency in Southern Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Raffaella Riva Sanseverino, Gianluca Scaccianoce, and Valentina Vaccaro

420

XXXII Table of Contents

On Fractal Complexity of Built and Natural Landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Andrei Bourchtein, Ludmila Bourchtein, and Natalia Naoumova

437

Using Ontologies to Support Land-Use Spatial Data Interoperability . . . . Falk W¨ urriehausen, Ashish Karmacharya, and Hartmut M¨ uller

453

Crowdsourced Monitoring, Citizen Empowerment and Data Credibility: The Case of Observations.be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jihad Farah City as Commons: Study of Shared Visions by Communities on Facebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maria C´elia Furtado Rocha, Pablo Vieira Florentino, and Gilberto Corso Pereira

469

486

Evaluating Urban Development Plans: A New Method in the Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valerio Cutini

502

Characteristics of Sprawl in the Naples Metropolitan Area. Indications for Controlling and Monitoring Urban Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rocco Papa and Giuseppe Mazzeo

520

ClickOnMap: A Framework to Develop Volunteered Geographic Information Systems with Dynamic Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wagner Dias de Souza, Jugurta Lisboa-Filho, Jean Henrique de Sousa Cˆ amara, Jarbas Nunes Vidal Filho, and Alcione de Paiva Oliveira Government Tools for Urban Regeneration: The Cities Plan in Italy. A Critical Analysis of the Results and the Proposed Alternative . . . . . . . Antonio Nestic` o and Gianluigi De Mare A Model for the Economic Evaluation of Energetic Requalification Projects in Buildings. A Real Case Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antonio Nestic` o, Gianluigi De Mare, Pierfrancesco Fiore, and Ornella Pipolo

532

547

563

The Paradigm of the Modern City: SMART and SENSEable Cities for Smart, Inclusive and Sustainable Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ilaria Greco and Massimiliano Bencardino

579

The Geographic Turn in Social Media: Opportunities for Spatial Planning and Geodesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michele Campagna

598

An Agent-Based Model as a Tool of Planning at a Sub-regional Scale . . . Fernando Pereira da Fonseca, Rui A.R. Ramos, and Antˆ onio N´elson Rodrigues da Silva

611

Table of Contents XXXIII

Some Preliminary Remarks on the Recreational Business District in the City of Sassari: A Social Network Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Silvia Battino, Giuseppe Borruso, and Carlo Donato

629

Orienteering and Orienteering Yourself. User Centered Design Methodologies Applied to Geo-referenced Interactive Ecosystems . . . . . . . Letizia Bollini

642

User Experience & Usability for Mobile Geo-referenced Apps. A Case Study Applied to Cultural Heritage Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Letizia Bollini, Rinaldo De Palma, Rossella Nota, and Riccardo Pietra PALEOBAS: A Geo-application for Mobile Phones – A New Method of Knowledge and Public Protection of the Paleontological Heritage of Basilicata (Southern Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maurizio Lazzari, Agostino Lecci, and Nicola Lecci

652

663

GIS Assessment and Planning of Conservation Priorities of Historical Centers through Quantitative Methods of Vulnerability Analysis: An Example from Southern Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maurizio Lazzari, Maria Serena Patriziano, and Giovanna Alessia Aliano

677

A Methodological Approach to Integrate Ontology and Configurational Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antonia Cataldo, Valerio Di Pinto, and Antonio M. Rinaldi

693

If Appleseed Had an Open Portal: Making Sense of Data, SEIS and Integrated Systems for the Maltese Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saviour Formosa

709

Involving Citizens in Public Space Regeneration: The Experience of “Garden in Motion” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sara Lorusso, Michele Scioscia, Gerardo Sassano, Antonio Graziadei, Pasquale Passannante, Sara Bellarosa, Francesco Scaringi, and Beniamino Murgante Smart City or Smurfs City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beniamino Murgante and Giuseppe Borruso Territorial Specialization in Attracting Local Development Funds: An Assessment Procedure Based on Open Data and Open Tools . . . . . . . . . . Francesco Scorza and Giuseppe Las Casas Using Spatiotemporal Analysis in Urban Sprawl Assessment and Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federico Amato, Piergiuseppe Pontrandolfi, and Beniamino Murgante

723

738

750

758

XXXIV Table of Contents

A New Design Method for Managing Spatial Vagueness in Classical Relational Spatial OLAP Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elodie Edoh-Alove, Sandro Bimonte, and Yvan B´edard Growing Sustainable Behaviors in Local Communities through Smart Monitoring Systems for Energy Efficiency: RENERGY Outcomes . . . . . . Francesco Scorza, Alessandro Attolico, Vincenzo Moretti, Rosalia Smaldone, Domenico Donofrio, and Giuseppe Laguardia Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Characteristics of Sprawl in the Naples Metropolitan Area. Indications for Controlling and Monitoring Urban Transformations Rocco Papa1 and Giuseppe Mazzeo2 1

University of Naples Federico II, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy [email protected] 2 National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Studies for the Mediterranean Societies (ISSM); University of Naples Federico II, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy [email protected]

Abstract. Naples metropolitan area is one of the largest in Italy, located in the South of the Country with a population of about 4 million inhabitants. Several studies have proposed for this area different spatial metropolitan boundaries but, despite the presence of national regulations, the area is not still defined at administrative level. One of the main characteristics of the area is the high level of unplanned urban expansion, with the consequence of a wide level of fragmentation, an extensive illegal urban development and an incorrect use of the agricultural land. The paper analyze the urbanization process in the study area and proposes a monitoring tool of the sprawl phenomenon, with a smart spatial planning approach. Keywords: Naples metropolitan area, Sprawl, Planning tools for spatial monitoring.

1

Introduction

The analysis of the phenomena related to the expansion of the Naples conurbation is the starting point to suggest actions for the control of urban transformations, also using social networks technological innovations as a mean to create smarter cities. When talking about large conurbations, we use specific concepts, such as “metropolitan area” [1, 2, 3] and “urban sprawl” [4, 5]; besides, the analysis of urban conurbations are often related also to the concept of “urban hierarchy” [6]. With “metropolitan area” we refer to the urban expansion that quickly pour the area surrounding cities. Some planning models have been defined with the goal of controlling and governing the urbanization processes in a systematic and efficient way. Nerveless, in the long term, these models have revealed to be ineffective and have left the field to strategic designs, characterized by disconnected actions.

B. Murgante et al. (Eds.): ICCSA 2014, Part II, LNCS 8580, pp. 520–531, 2014. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014

Characteristics of Sprawl in the Naples Metropolitan Area

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The processes of uncontrolled urbanization, named as “urban sprawl”, derive mainly by the self-referential nature of the market economic system and by its indifference towards the environment: the city becomes a testing site of the economic theories based on unlimited appropriation of the space. The two concepts are timely sequential, but not alternative. The concept of “sprawl” overlaps with the notion of “metropolitan area” between the 1970s and 1980s, in the last phase of the urban crisis. Both concepts are products of urban developments addressed to a new urban renaissance characterized by economic, cultural, and political preponderance of the city on the rest of the land. Moreover, while the metropolitan expansion between 1950s and 1960s is additive and based on industrial activities expansion, the 1990s city growth is characterized by a more complex phenomenon. In addition to the dismissal of some activities from the city, the re-use of urban areas blowup in an uncontrolled way: generally, their transformation into high quality districts, as well as the activity of promotion and marketing develops, as one of the “creeds” of the recent urban policies. The paper analyses the transformation processes in the Naples conurbation underlining how much they are closer to the concept of “sprawl” than of “metropolitan area”; this have certainly influenced the poor urban quality of the area and the rearguard position of the city in international urban hierarchies [7]. According to this, the paper proposes an interpretation of the changes in the study area according to two time-series data: the settled population and the rates of urbanized land. Starting from the above considerations, the paper stresses that it is a key priority to implement effective systems of governance in a largely damaged territory. The challenge is to stop the processes of expansion (if not reverse it) identifying in the already urbanized land and the areas in which to locate – in a smart way – the new developments, with a view to creating a different future for Naples and its conurbation. The results of the paper should be considered as a base for further research developments, which would also use socio-economic data and building dataset analysis for the definition of a system for spatial transformations control and management. The development of such control techniques, is furthermore supported by the political pressure for the creation of metropolitan cities as administrative subjects, foreseen in recent Italian regulations [8].

2

Methodological Structure of the Process

The paper is organized into two sections: a first analytical part, where the changes of the territory are described, and into a second section, where some actions for a monitoring Naples metropolitan area urbanization are proposed. The two sections are strictly connected. The analysis is structured into the following steps: − choice of the study area and splitting it into sub-areas; − collection and analysis of the time-series population data from 1861 to 2011;

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− analysis of the urbanization process within the Province of Naples administrative boundary; − clarification of the first results; − identification of the next steps, i.e. support actions for the monitoring of the land use. The paper is directed to delineate intervention’s policies grounded on clear analyses that highlight the underway processes on the basis of effectively observed trends.

3

Naples Metropolitan Area: Characteristics and Boundaries

One of the key features of the urbanization process of Naples metropolitan area is its confused growth. If we analyze the planning tools that have been set up in the past 50 years, it is possible to note that they have almost never turned into effective planning tools [9]. Nevertheless, they contained hypotheses of spatial organization and identified trends that, in an indirect way deeply impacted the operative policies implemented at the regional, provincial and local administrative scales, even if they were not able to guide the urbanization of the metropolitan area in a rational way. Such situation has influenced the construction of large scale infrastructures, the acceptance of illegal urban developments and uncontrolled urbanization processes. This has been reflected both in the indiscriminate multiplication of volumes and in the transformation of rural land into different uses, not suited to agricultural production.

Fig. 1. Proposes of Naples metropolitan area delimitation by SVIMEZ [10] and by the Regional Development Plan [11]

The Naples metropolitan area has undergone profound changes over the last 50 years. It changed from an area characterized by a significant rural matrix in which well-defined urban centres were built, into a deeply urbanized and infrastructured land where you can glimpse large shreds of what was the Campania Plain. Urban centres, in the meantime, have spread linking up in an indefinite conurbation without quality.

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A second element to consider is the delimitation of the metropolitan area. The Naples metropolitan area is characterized by a mono centric shape, centered in the city of Naples as main pole of the spatial system. Various attempts have been done in the recent past to define its delimitation. In particular, two hypotheses can be cited. The first is proposed by a SVIMEZ research [10] that assumes a wide metropolitan area, made by 169 Municipalities belonging to the Provinces of Naples, Caserta, Salerno and Avellino and with an extension equal to the 17% of the Campania Region. In the boundary were also included the towns of Caserta, Avellino and Salerno. The second boundary is proposed by the Regional Development Plan [11] and supposes a metropolitan area made by some of Municipalities of the Province of Naples and of the South-West Province of Caserta, for a total of 63 Municipalities. Even today the delimitation of the metropolitan area is not definite from the administrative point of view, even if, with great probability, it will correspond to the boundary of the Province of Naples, as stated in the recent Law nr. 56, issued on April 7, 2014.

4

Population and Urbanized Areas as Key Factors

4.1

Choice of the Study Area and Its Splitting

The proposed delimitations of the Naples metropolitan area reported in Figure 1 are the starting point to define the study area. The paper assumes an area that is in between the two cited proposals. This choice is not another attempt to define a boundary, but the response to the need of defining a spatial basis in which to deeply analyze the urbanization process. Moreover, a too wide extension includes areas with highly specialized characters and with poor functional relations with Naples. For the opposite reason we think that a boundary that matches with the Province of Naples is highly reductive. For these reasons the spatial analysis reported in the study starts by choosing a study area consistent with the physical and functional characteristics of the Neapolitan conurbation but without any actual relapse in administrative terms. It is a space that includes 142 Municipalities belonging to the Province of Naples, Caserta and Salerno (Figure 2). These Municipalities were assigned to 6 belts roughly concentric, with Naples as the core pole; on them was carried out an analysis of the changes of the resident population from 1861 to 2011 [12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. The correspondence of the 142 Municipalities to the 6 belts is made according to the criterion of the geographical proximity. Starting from Naples (belt 0), belt 1 contains the closest Municipalities, and so on up to the fifth belt formed by the Gulf of Naples islands and by the more far localities of the Sorrentina Peninsula. 4.2

Evolutionary Trend of the Settled Population

The data underline that the main growth of population occurs from 1936 to 1981, when it almost doubled in absolute value (from 2,122,243 inh to 3,741,661 inh), while

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in the following decades (1981-2011) the growth is characterized by lower gradients (3,999,784 inh in 2011), with a substantial stasis starting from 2001 (Table 1). In the same period, in Naples (belt 0) the population grew until 1981; afterwards, the trend changes and the population decreases. The belts from 2 to 4, for their part, present a constant population growth, with a stabilization in the more recent periods.

Fig. 2. Naples metropolitan area. Study area for the population analysis Table 1. Population from 1921 to 2011 in the belts of the study area. The population derives from official Census data. Belt 0 1 2 3 4 5 Abolished TOTAL

1921 770,611 222,246 210,127 253,142 320,273 86,319 90,906 1,953,624

1936 865,913 285,187 247,677 295,140 344,417 83,909 0 2,122,243

1961 1,182,815 449,310 375,249 455,515 474,803 97,089 0 3,034,781

1981 1,212,387 765,106 526,763 543,186 573,742 120,477 0 3,741,661

2001 1,004,000 907,445 646,692 605,993 641,289 137,973 0 3,943,392

2011 962,003 905,943 690,896 628,762 666,917 145,263 0 3,999,784

Figure 3 shows the population change in terms of percentage values. The percentage of population living in Naples grows until 1936 (40.80% of the population of the area is resident in the city) decreasing, concurrently, in the external Municipalities. Since 1936 the trend changes and in 2011 the residents rate in Naples is only the 24.05% of the total.

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The belt 1 has a similar trend to the 0, although with a temporal delay of about 40 years. In 1901 the percentage of resident in the belt 1 is 11.85%, increased up to 23.01% in 2001. Approximately from this year the percentage begins to descend and in 2011 it falls to 22.65%. It is interesting to underline that this is almost similar to percentage of the Naples inhabitants (24.05%). Belt 1 includes the Municipalities around Naples, characterized by oldest urbanization and by a growth occurred in less recent times, in the same time of the population growth in the main center. These Municipalities, besides, have absorbed most of the migration flows coming from the inland areas that have been attracted by the coastal areas with a consequent great increase of population. Finally, the belt is characterized by the presence of a series of Municipalities where in the last period the population decreases, comparable to those of Naples.

Fig. 3. The population time-series analysis in the Naples metropolitan area. Changes of the population in the six belts. The belt 0 is made by the Municipality of Naples.

It is important to underline that in the period 2001-2011, only the belts 0 and 1 present declining percentages of population; this is valid only for the belt 0 if we consider the absolute values. Regarding the other belts, the Municipalities belonging to the belt 2 present a steady growth that leads them to reach the value of 17.27% of residents in 2011. The belt 3 contains the 15.72% of residents, while the Municipalities of the belt 4, after a decline rate that has been going until 1981, began slowly to grow getting 16.67%; in a stationary state the resident’s percentage in the belt 5 (3.63%). In the period 1961-2011, the percentage change of resident population in the Municipalities ranging from a maximum positive equal to 604.50% (Castelvolturno, CE, belt 3) to a maximum negative equal to 50.46% (Boscotrecase, NA, belt 3, for change of administrative boundaries); in this period, furthermore, 39 Municipalities have experienced a growth exceeding 100%, and 47 a growth between 50 and 100%.

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Therefore, the population decrease of the city of Naples is accompanied by a parallel growing concentrating, in particular, in the Municipalities of the first, second, and third belts. 4.3

Trend of the Urbanized Areas

The process of population dispersal in the study area is confirmed by the data of the urbanized land. In particular for this analysis, the data of the surveys of the Environment Report of the Territorial Plan of the Province of Naples [17] have been used and those were assigned to the 92 Municipalities of the Province and then to the belts (Table 2). Table 2. Changes of the urbanized areas in the five belts of the study area. The data are an elaboration from Territorial Plan of the Province of Naples and are related to the 92 Municipalities of the Province of Naples. Belt

Belt surface (Ha)

Historical urbanized surface (Ha)

Historical urbanized surface (%)

Current urbanized surface (Ha)

Current urbanized surface (%)

Changes historical / current (%)

0 1 2 3 4 5

10,630 25,395 27,150 22,508 15,803 10,938

1,662 1,563 503 1,069 415 722

15.63 6.15 1.85 4.75 2.63 6.60

6,834 14,196 6,578 8,593 2,049 1,985

64.29 55.90 24.23 38.18 12.97 18.15

+411.19 +908.25 +1307.75 +803.84 +493.74 +274.93

Fig. 4. Example of spatial changes. Municipality of Quarto, Province of Naples. Maps from the site Natura 2000 of the Ministry of the Environment [18]. Original scale 1:5,000

The historical urbanized area represents the urban tissue until 1945. The early 2000s urbanized area includes the residential and productive urbanized areas, the environmental restoration areas and the infrastructural area (ports, railway stations, interchanges poles, etc.). From the analysis, it is evident that the expansion of the urbanized areas in the belts 1, 2, and 3, those closer to the city of Naples, have double or triple values with respect to the central city, representing, therefore, the basin in which the urban sprawl’s phenomenon occurred in a more massive way.

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According to the same data, some areas located mainly in the North of Naples, in the Phlegraean Fields and in Vesuvius area show percentages of urbanized land over 50%, reaching up to 90% and more. Figure 3 shows an excerpt of example of the Municipality of Quarto, in the Province of Naples. As it is evident the change from the 1960s to now, it is clear also that it affected residential, commercial and the infrastructural systems.

5

First Results

From the proposed analysis it is noticeable that the diffusion of the population in the study area has caused a redistribution of population’s weight from the central pole (Naples) to the Municipalities of the first, second and third belt. This had an impact on the expansion of the urbanized space. This urbanization, however, did not take place in an orderly way, but with disorder and decay. In particular: − the diffusion of the urbanized spaces in outer belts with lower density than the ones in central urban areas; − the widespread lack of planning tools with a consequent fragmentation, heterogeneity and randomness of the distribution of volumes and activities; − the persistence of illegal buildings construction, as a response to real or supposed delays of land use rules and as a witness of the strong presence of organized crime; − the mobility networks secondary role, built to respond to an imposed transport demand and not as an occasion for integrated transport and spatial planning; − the lack of urban and regional facilities; − the overall lack of building quality. The impact of these factors on the Naples metropolitan area was devastating. Furthermore the size of the urbanized areas is likely to jeopardize a whole range of environmental activities related to the use of agricultural land. This makes clear the need for a change in the land use planning in the study area.

6

Governing Spatial Transformations

In the complex and degraded reality of the Naples metropolitan area it is necessary to create innovative planning tools for spatial phenomena smart management. The proposed process starts by a basic premise, namely the presence of modes and effective operational systems – both on the urban design and planning ground (urban plan) and on the administrative and technical ground – able to act with quick and effective times and reliable results. A proper use of urban planning processes is the way to control the land use changes, because the plan is based on measurable data (the size of the urbanized areas sorted by categories), and on this data it builds forecasts (the amount of new areas to be urbanized). It is obtained, therefore, a reliable datum relating to the possible land consumption. This represents a clear valuable monitoring indicator.

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This part of the process is critical because any activity of control and monitoring cannot work without effective plans and without operative structures directly addressed to urban expansions control and to existing tissues regeneration. Starting by this substantial premise it is possible to argue on the identification of systems, high-tech devices and communication networks that can support a real-time control of the ongoing transformations (Figure 5). This section of the process is based on a clear definition of the data and information systems to gather and to process; it is based also on an advanced architecture (sensors for information collection, transmission networks, data storage, software for the research and characterization) explicitly directed towards a smart control of the spatial transformations [19].

Fig. 5. Structure of the management system for spatial transformations monitoring

To do this, it is possible to define hardware and software systems made by four basic modules that can generate the row data, and the subsequent structured information, concerning the spatial changes. The first module refers to the collection of the images from satellite systems that can be clear or spectral images, with a view to associating the scale of colors to specific materials [20]. The second module allows the interpretation of the data from satellite. For this purpose mathematical algorithms are applicable for the analysis and control of detectable changes in the same territory in different times. The third module is based on the dissemination in order to involve the users in reporting the changes taking place. In relation to this module it is necessary to make some considerations. If the territory has undergone profound degenerative processes, the causes are to be found also in the social acceptance of these phenomena. Such aspect cannot be omitted, as well as cannot be unspoken the phenomena of participation that are present in the area and that seem to have found in the social networks the ideal tools through which fulfill their role. It follows that an intelligent management of the role of the social networks can be an added value in the process of land management,

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especially if it is possible to structure defined and recognized modes for the reporting of the information, such as to prevent incorrect or prejudicial uses that can affect the rights of the other citizens. Satellite data, ground processing, integrations of the results with the reports of the social networks lead to the final module in which hardware and software systems allow the construction of maps showing areas with different sensitivity depending on the particular incidence of transformative processes. These maps identify the areas particularly affected by the sprawl phenomena and address in a more direct and effective way the land control and monitoring. Among the sensitive areas are to include those potentially affected by catastrophic events, such as the Vesuvius area, the Phlegraean Fields, and the protected area, relevant from the landscape and environmental points of view. The modular structure has in the third and fourth modules the points of greater innovativeness, while the two initial modules are more consolidated. The use of the social networks can be a real experiment of participation of citizens who may be interested in participating to programs of land management in which the consequences of social control can be clearly detected. Therefore, the opportunities inherent in the involvement of social networks in the control of the territory are evident, as well as the danger that such involvement implies, given the importance and sensitivity of the data included into the management system. The same sensitivity maps can be built with strong dynamic characteristics, with a clear readability and the chance to be easily accessible via Internet, so as to be perceived as a technical product and as a direct result of the participation of the citizens through social networks.

7

Conclusions

The paper considers in detail the spatial changes of the Naples metropolitan area. Discussion has been based on the underlying assumption that in order to deeply understand the phenomena, it has to be analysed using two main time-series data: population and urbanized land. This has been done for identifying characteristics and ongoing processes. Beyond this, the process has underlined the necessity to identify and discuss other spatial factors, in particular those connected with a continuous control of the spatial transformations. The Italian spatial planning was marked by a series of failings that can be summarized in the lack of effectiveness of the land use plans. Among the negativities it is to highlight the lack of the definition of the metropolitan areas, both because the importance of the main cities in the economic and social Italian context, and for the relevance of the conurbation’s phenomena that is in act around them. The paper has shown that in the Naples metropolitan area the phenomena can be defined as “expansive” with a lack of metropolisation characters; this have been affected by the population trends and on its distribution between central pole and

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crown, with clear consequences on the spatial urbanization, on the landscape reduction and on the loss of agriculture land. A more effective control of these phenomena can achieve a turnaround. The paper argues that this is possible adopting advanced technologies for the spatial control, able to process a large amount of information and to interface with a monitoring function that the citizens can take using with an intelligent and controlled use of the social networks. In this way it would be possible to have an impact both on the short term and on the longer term processes connected with the metropolitan area spatial planning. It is clear that in both cases the presence of an up to date and complex data system represents a quality leap forward in the implementation of their tasks. The possible conclusions are: 1. The spatial transformation planning and control of the Naples metropolitan area is a complex process with many potential factors contributing to make it possible. 2. A number of elements (population and urbanized land) have been identified as significant variables for understanding the phenomena. 3. A number of matters require further research and analysis. 4. The quality of the control and management of the urban transformations is fundamental to reach a higher level of spatial quality.

Note The paper is one of the analytical results of the National Operational Programme (PON) denominated “SINERGREEN - RES NOVAE - Smart Energy Master per il Governo energetico del territorio” (PON04a2_E) funded by MIUR (Ministry of Education, University and Scientific Research). Although the work is unitary, Rocco Papa has developed the sections 1 and 6, Giuseppe Mazzeo the sections 2, 3, 4, 5. Section 7 is to assign the two authors.

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