Contents

Contributors

xiii

Preface

xvi i

List o f abbreviations used

xix

PART ONE - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

1

Section One: History and Development o f Occupational Medicine

3

1 2

Donald Hunter and the history of occupational health: precedents and perspectives Joseph Melling and Tim Carter The changing face of occupational diseases Peter1Baxter, Tar-Ching Aw, Anne Cockcroft, Paul Durrington and J Malcolm Harrington

5 24

Section Two: Diagnosis o f Occupational Disease 3

4 5

The occupational history Tar-Ching Aw Occupational exposure to hazardous substances John W Cherrie and Sean Semple Biological monitoring John Cocker and Howard J Mason

Section Three: Extent and Attribution o f Occupational Disease 6

7 8

Epidemiological methods and evidence-based occupational medicine David Coggon Attribution of disease Anthony Newman Taylor and David Coggon Compensation schemes Anthony Newman Taylor and David Walters

Section Four: Legal Issues 9

Medicolegal reports and the role of the expert witness Diana M Kloss

PART TWO

- DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMICAL AGENTS

Section One: Occupational Toxicology 10 11

Occupational toxicology: general principles Peter G Blain and Robert D Jefferson Risks and hazards in occupational and environmental exposures Robert L Maynard

123 125

viii

Contents

Section Two: Metals

Introduction Tar-Ching Aw 13 Aluminium Perrine Hoet 14 Antimony Malcolm R Sirn 15 Arsenic Malcolm R Sirn 16 Beryllium Lee 5 Newman and Holly M Christensen 17 Cadmium Perrine Hoet 18 Chromium Tom Sorohan 19 Cobalt Perrine Hoet 20 Copper Peter Aggett 21 Gold Peter Linnett 22 Iron---Peter Aggett 23 Lead Peter J Baxter and Hideki lgisu 24 Magnesium Peter Aggett 25 Manganese Grant McMillan and Finlay D Dick 26 Mercury Peter J Baxter and Hideki lgisu 27 Molybdenum Malcolm R Sirn 28 Nickel Tom Sorahan 29 Phosphorus Malcolm R Sirn 30 Platinum group metals Peter Linnett 31 Polonium loin Blair 32 Silver Peter Linnett 33 Thallium Hideki lgisu and Tar-C'hing Aw 34 Tin Jar-Ching Aw and Hideki lgisu 35 Tungsten Perrine Hoet ------36 Uranium lain Blair 37 Vanadium Finlay D Dick 38 Zinc Peter Aggett 12

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Contents ix

Section Three: Gases 39 40 41

Gases Peter J Baxter Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome and irritant-induced asthma Jon G Ayres Deliberate use of chemicals in warfare and by terrorists Robert L Maynard

Section Four: Other Chemical Exposures 42 43 44 45

Organic chemicals Tiina Santonen, Antero Aitio and Harri Vainio Pesticides and other agrochemicals Ian Brown, Annalisa Chiodini, Chiara Somaruga and Claudia Colasio Welding Grant McMillan The semiconductor industry David Koh and Judy Sng

PART THREE

- DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL AGENTS

Section One: Noise 46

Sound, noise and the ear Richard T Ramsden and Shakeel R Saeed

Section Two: Vibration 47

48

Hand-arm vibration syndrome Ian J Lawson, Frank Burke, Kenneth L McGeoch, Tohr Nilsson and George Proud Whole body vibration Massimo Bovenzi and Keith Palmer

Section Three: Heat and Cold 49

Heat and cold E Howard N Oakley

Section Four: Barometric Pressure 50 51

52

Diving and work at increased pressure Stephen Watt and Andrew Calvin Working at high altitude Peter JG Forster Flying and spaceflight Mike Gibson, David Gradwell and Alysan Colder

Section Five: Radiation 53 54 55 56

Ionizing radiations Chris Sharp and Fred A Mettler Jr Non-ionizing radiation and the eye Michael E Boulton and David H Sliney Extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields Leeka Kheifets and Gabor Mezei Radiofrequency fields Gabor Mezei and Leeka Kheifets

455 457 459

x

Contents

PART FOUR - DISEASES RELATED TO ERGONOMIC AND MECHANICAL FACTORS

683

Section One: The Musculoskeletal System 57

Repeated movements and repeated trauma affecting the musculoskeletal system Cyrus Cooper and Keith Palmer

Section Two: Back and Spinal Pain 58

Occupational back pain Jos H Verbeek and Frederieke Schaafsma

PART FIVE - OCCUPATION AND TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES

725

Section One: Occupational Infections

727

59

60

Occupational infections Julia Heptonstall and Anne Cockcroft Zoonoses Alastair Miller and Julia Heptonstall

729

750

Section Two: Bioterrorism and Biotechnology 61 62

Bioterrorism Julia Heptonstall Genetic modification and biotechnology David Roomes

PART SIX

- WORK AND MENTAL HEALTH

799

Section One: Work and Stress 63 64 65

Introduction to work and stress Peter Baxter, Tar-Ching Aw and Anne Cockcroft Work, stress and sickness absence: a psychosocial perspective Maurice Lipsedge and Michael Calnan Mental health at work: psychological interventions Adrian Neal

Section Two: Work and Psychiatric Disorder 66

Work and psychiatric disorder: an evidence-based approach Nick Glozier, Max Henderson, Neil Greenberg and Simon Overland

Section Three: Substance Abuse 67

Substance abuse and the workplace Jonathan D Chick

PART SEVEN

- RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

Section One: General Issues 68 69 70 71

Imaging in occupational lung disease Paul M Taylor Work and chronic air flow limitation DavidJ Hendrick Health effects of ultrafine/nanoparticles Ken Donaldson, Robert J Aitken, Jon G Ayres, Brian G Miller and C Lang Tran Health effects related to non-industrial workplace indoor environments Jouni JK Jaakkola and Maritta 5 Jaakkola

871 873

Contents xi

Section Two: Organic Dust Diseases 72 73 74

Occupational asthma Paul Cullinan and Anthony Newman Taylor Byssinosis and other cotton-related diseases CAC Pickering and Robert Niven Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Paul Cullinan and Anthony Newman Taylor

Section Three: lnorganic Dust Diseases 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83

Inorganic dusts: general aspects Anne Cockcroft Asbestos and asbestos-related diseases David Weill and Anne Cockcroft Epidemiology o f asbestos-related diseases Robin M Rudd Other fibrous mineral dusts Anne Cockcroft Silica and silica-related diseases Anne Cockcroft Epidemiology o f silica-related disease Kyle Steenland Other non-fibrous mineral dusts Anne Cockcroft Metal dusts and fumes Benoit Nemery Berylliosis Holly M Christensen and Lee S Newman

PART EIGHT

- OTHER EFFECTS OF WORKPLACE EXPOSURES

Section One: Occupational Diseases o f the Skin 84

Occupational diseases o f the skin John English and Jason Williams

Section Two: Occupational Cancers 85

Occupational cancer: epidemiology, biological mechanisms and biomarkers Manolis Kogevinos, J Malcolm Harrington ond Roe1Vermeulen

Section Three: Other Systemic Effects 86 87 88 89 90

Nephrotoxic effects o f workplace exposures Rema Saxena, Pearl Pai and Gordon M Bell Neurotoxic effects o f workplace exposures Michael J Aminoff and Marcello Lotti Hepatotoxic effects o f workplace exposure Thomas W Warnes and Alexander Smith Workplace exposures and reproductive health Jens Peter Bonde Haemopoietic effects o f workplace exposures: anaemias, leukaemias and lymphomas Edward Gordon-Smith, Anthony Yardley-Jones and Atherton Gray

1057

xii Contents

Section Four: Shift Work

Shift work and extended hours of work Giovanni Costa, Simon Folkard and J Malcolm Harrington

91

Index

This book has a companion website available at: www.hodderplus.com/hunters. The website's features include: over 350 images from the tenth edition, including some in full colour Donald Hunter's original introductory chapters from the early editions of the book a selection of over 350 photographs from Donald Hunter's personal collection - a resource unique to this publication. To access this content, please register on the website using the following details: Serial number: 15gh698ert21