Contextualizing the Pedagogy of English as an International Language

0 downloads 0 Views 233KB Size Report
various discourses of professionalism in English Language Teaching. (ELT). .... in language practices, it is not expected that NEST teachers need to teach.
Contextualizing the Pedagogy of English as an International Language: Issues and Tensions

Edited by

Nugrahenny T. Zacharias and Christine Manara

Contextualizing the Pedagogy of English as an International Language: Issues and Tensions, Edited by Nugrahenny T. Zacharias and Christine Manara This book first published 2013 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Copyright © 2013 by Nugrahenny T. Zacharias, Christine Manara and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-5125-6, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-5125-1

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

Discourses of professionalism in ELT *EKE@>C( 9G7AC>@9( QELDL( "ACC8=S( [\\Y]( 0>CE=S( X^^[]( );J>JS( [\\XR( C89O( 8J( &-%L( 0>CE=( QX^^[R( >JJ( Q[\\XR( JC89O( T=( EO?7>98_8JD( :7E( @>G:E@89:8G9( >JJD;>DE( %E>G78JD( >G@A99( :7E( HA@CCE=(QX^^[R(EO?7>98_E9(:7>:(8:(89(KE(>(GCE>@(G;:(>J:E9( :7E( 8O?A@:>JGE( AB( @EGADJ8_8JD( :7E( :8AJ9( AB( &-%( ?@ABE998AJ>C9( 8J( ?>@:8G;C>@( 9E::8JD9S( >J@C( EMGECCEJGE( :7@A;D7( GANA?E@>:8AJS( GACC>TA@>:8AJ( >JJDE( TE:HEEJ( 9EG:A@9(Q0>CE=S(X^^[S(?L(^eRL(2:(G>J(TE(GAJGC;J=(;JJ?:E@(%EJ( (

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dRL("ACC8=(G>CC9(BA@(@E:78JP8JDS( @ENEK>C;>:8JDS( >JTC8978JD( JEH( @EC>:8AJ978?9( >OAJD( :7E( O;C:8B>GE:ECE=I9( QX^^[R( >JCCI9(Q[\\gR(C89O(>9(98:;>:8AJ>CS(@EC>:8AJ>C(>J:EC( 9:@;DDCE( :A( :( :E>G7E@9I( HA@P( 97A;CJ@D@E>KE9S( [\\\]( *>G79S( [\\X( h( [\\iRL( *>G79( Q[\\iR( EM?C>8J9( :7>:( :7E9E( ?AC8G8E9( :EJJG7E@9( :7@A;D7( 9?EG8B8G>:8AJ9( AB( 9P8CC9S( GAO?E:EJG8E9( >J::@8T;:E9( AB( :7E( :E>G78JD(?@ABE998AJL("AHEKE@S(:A(?8J(C89O( >9(>(DEJE@8G(>JC(@E9?AJ98T8C8:8E9(>JG:E@89:8G9(BA@(>CC(OEOTE@9(AB(:7E(?@ABE998AJ(@CS( ?E@9AJ>CS(>J:;@E(AB(?@ABE998AJ>C89OL( 2J(:7E(G>9E(AB(&-%(8J(2JS(:7E(GAJGE?:(AB(?@ABE998AJ>C89O(89(9:8CC( :EJJ@>9( AHJEP8JD( HE9:( Q"ACC8=S( [\\YRS( 8JGC;9( :7E( +`S( +L*LS( !>J>S( >JC8>L( *:>J@S( >JC8B8G>:8AJ9( BA@( TE8JD( >J( &JDC897( C>JD;>DE( :E>G7E@(8J(OA9:(?>@:9(AB(2J(>@E(9:8CC(>J?:8JD(9=9:EO9( C89O( BA@(:7E8@(?>@:8G;C>@(GAJ:EM:9L(%789(GAJCC=(O>8J:>8JEG7E@(E:8AJ(?@AD@>OOE9(8J(2J((:A(OEE:( :7E9E(9:>J@S(>JC8B8G>:8AJ9L(4E9?8:E(JEH(@(OA@E(?C;@>C89:8G(K8EH(AB(C>JD;>DES(G;C:;@E(>JPE@89OS( OAJAC8JD;>C89OS( >JC89O(>@E(9:8CC(W;8:E(?@AO8JEJ:(8J(:7E(C>JD;>DE(AB(?@ABE998AJ>C( GAO?E:EJGE( 8J( &-%( 8J( 2JL( %E@O9( 9;G7( >9( cJ>:8KEN9?E>PE@( AB( &JDC897IS( cJE>@( J>:8KEN9?E>PE@( GAO?E:EJGEIS( >JJ@@E( 9:8CC( H899E99OEJ:( AB( :7E8@( ?AC8:8G>C( >J:8AJ9( 8J( :7E( B8EC(O;C:8C8JD;>C(>JJG7E@( >9( >J( 8J9(G7A9EJ(:A(TE(:7E(B8@9:(BA@E8DJ(C>JD;>DE(:A( TE( 9:;C( G;@@8G;C;OL( #B:E@( D>8J8JD( 8:9( 8J:EJCC=RL( 2:( H>9( JA:( ;J:8C( X^Y\( :7>:( :7E( DAKE@JOEJ:( H>9( B8J>CC=( ?@E?>@E=( >::EJ:8AJ( :A( :7E( E:8AJ( 9EG:A@( Q4>@JD;>DE9(9:;9(JA:( G7A9EJ( 98JGE( U8:( H>9( :7E( C>JD;>DE( AB( :7E( GACAJ8>C89:( >JC(9:>:;@EV(Q[\\\S(?L([i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

XYg

!7>?:E@(%EJ( (

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dR(H7A(9;@KE=E@=(CEKEC(:E>G7E@9( Q^g( ?E@( GEJ:( &JDC897( *?E>PE@9( %E>G7E@9( H8:7( 2JJ( J>:8AJ>C8:=R( 8J( 2J( >TA;:( :7E( @ACE( AB( U)>:8KE( &JDC897( *?E>PE@( %E>G7E@9V( Q)&*%R( >J:8KE( &JDC897( *?E>PE@( %E>G7E@9V( Q))&*%R( 8J( :E>G78JD( C>JD;>DE(9P8CC9L(%7E(9:;:(:7E(O>FA@8:=(AB(:7E(:E>G7E@9(TEC8EKE:(8:(H>9(?@EBE@>TCE(BA@(?@AJ;JG8>:8AJ(Q^i(?E@(GEJ:R(>JP8JD(Qee(?E@( GEJ:R( 9P8CC9( :A( TE( :>;D7:( T=( )&*%L( %7E=( TEC8EKE:( )&*%( HA;CDE( ;9E( 8J( :E@O9( AB( >??@A?@8>:EJE99S( >GG;@>G=(>J:;@>CJE99IL(2:(HA;CGGE99(:A(c;?(:A( :E(HA@@=(EM?@E998AJ9S(>JC( EM?E@8EJGE( 8J( GAOO;J8G>:8JD( H8:7( ?EA?CE( H7A9E( C>JD;>DE( :7E( 9:;@JEG7>@8>9S( [\\dS( ?L( dRL( 2J:E@E9:8JDC=S( :789( 9:;C9A( 97AH9( :7>:( :7E@E(>@E(GAJ:@>C;E(AB()&*%(:E>G7E@9L(2:(89( @E?A@:E:(>C:7A;D7()&*%(89(K8EHE9(:7E(?@AK8JD;>DE(?@>G:8GE9S(8:(89(JA:(EM?EG:E:()&*%(:E>G7E@9(JEEG7( D@>OO>@L( %7E( O>FA@8:=( AB( :7E( :E>G7E@9( :78JP( :7>:( U:E>G78JD( 89( >J( >@:( >J:( >GW;8@8JD( :7E( C>JD;>DE( J>:;@>CC=( ( ?E@9AJ( >( TE::E@( :E>G7E@V(Q[\\dS(?LeRL(%789(K8EH(AB(&JDC897(:E>G78JD(9:>JG;:E(GAJ:@>9:( H8:7(O>J=(AB(:7E(9:>J@G:8GE9(AB(&JDC897(C>JD;>DE(:E>G7E@9(8J(%&/-( A@(EKEJ(8J(&JDC897(>9(>J(2J:E@J>:8AJ>C(->JD;>DE(?E@9?EG:8KES(>J89E9(

%7E(*:@;DDCE(AB(0AK8JD(:AH>@TA;:(:7E(9( HECC(>9(:7E(?@ABE998AJ>C(88J(&JDC897(:E>G7E@9(8J(2JL( 38:7( :7E9E( AKE@C>??8JD( :( GANEM89:( 8J( :7E( GAJ:EM:( AB( 2JS(2(HA;CJD;>DE(:E>G7E@(E:A@9( ;JJC89O(8J(:7E8@(GAJ:EM:(>J:(EM:EJ:(:7E(GAJGE?:( AB( ?@ABE998AJ>C89O( 89( G7>CCEJDEJ:E( AB( &2-( :7@A;D7(:7E8@(J>@@>:8KE9(AB(CE>@J8JD(>JG78JDL(

Method: Narrative-based inquiry #9( -8ETC8G7S( %;K>CN0>978>G7( >J:ES( >( 7;O>J( 89( >( UOE>J8JDNDEJE@>:8JD(A@D>J89OVL(2:(89(8J(789k7E@(J>:;@E(:A(EC8G8:(>JG:8KEC=( ?@AJ8JD(8J(789k7E@(8J:E@>G:8AJ(8J(:7E(HA@C=(:A(@@>:8KEL(/8K;97(Q[\\lR(K8EH9(J>@@>:8KE(>9(>(H>=(AB( O>P8JD( 9EJ9E( >J:8JD( OE>J8JD( B@AO( H7>:( 8JC;>:8JD(>J:8KENT>9E@G7( 89( G7A9EJ( TEG>;9E( AB( 8:9( ?78CA9A?78G>C( >99;O?:8AJ9( AB( ?C;@>C89OS( @EC>:8K89OS( >JCLS(X^^eRL(.J(:7E(T>989(AB(9;G7(>99;O?:8AJ9S( 2( 7>KE( EM?CA@EG7( 8JG7E@( E:A@I9( ;JJC( CE>@J8JD( H78CE( >C9A( TE8JD( >CE@:( :A( ?A998TCE( GAOOAJ>C8:8E9( 8J( :7E8@( ;JJJ@@( Q[\\^R( EM?C>8JS( U)>@@>:8KE9( 8J( >CC( :7E8@( JPE( ;?( :7E( B>T@8G(AB(A;@(C8KE95(:7E=(>@E(GAJ9:8:;:8KE(OAOEJ:9(8J(:7E(BA@O>:8AJ(AB(A;@( 8JBB8C8>:8AJV(Q?L(ddRL()>@@>:8KE(9E@KE9( >9(>(OEJDEOEJ:( H8:7(8JJJJ( 8J( :789( 9:;G7E9( J>@@>:8KE( >GGA;J:9( Q0897CE@S( X^edRL( %7E( 8J:E@K8EH8JD( ?@AGE99( 8J( :789( 9:;9( ;J9( EJ>TC8JD( O=9ECB( >9( 8J:E@K8EHE@( >JG78EKE( U@EG@8?AG>C( ;JJJ8JD9V( QX^edS( ?L( Y[RL( #( O;:;>C( ;JJJ8JD9( H>9( >G78EKE@8>:8AJ9( 8J( 7AH( 2( >9PEC9A( EM?C>8J9( :7>:S( >9( 8J:E@K8EH9( ;JBACJJ:8JD( A@(

XYd

!7>?:E@(%EJ( (

9?EG8B=8JD(W;E9:8AJ9(8J(>J(AJDA8JD(?@AGE99(AB(O>P8JD(9EJ9E(AB(H7>:(:7E=( >@E(9>=8JD(:A(E>G7(A:7E@L( !AJ98@@>:8KE( >J@>G:E@89:8G9( AB( :789( 9:;@:8G8?>:8JD(8J(:7E(9:;(:E>G7E@(E:A@(:A(?>@:8G8?>:E(H>9(KE@=(8O?A@:>J:(8J(:7E(D>:7E@8JD(AB( :7E( :>(Q8LEL( 8J( :7E( 8J:E@K8EH9R( 98JGE( :789(7EC?EKA8J=( ;JE>98JE99( >JC(@EC;G:>JGE(8J(97>@8JD(:7E8@(9:A@8E9L(%78@:EEJ(QXiR(CEG:;@E@9(AB(>( ;J8KE@98:=NT>9EG7E@( E:8AJ( ?@AD@>OOE( AB( >( ?@8K>:E(;J8KE@98:=(8J(!EJ:@>C(f>K>S(2JS(@E9?AJG7E@( E:8AJ( ?@AD@>OOE( 9?EG8>C8_E9( 8J( ?@E?>@8JD( :E>G7E@N G>JJD;>DE( E:A@9( 8J( ?@8O>@=S( 9EGAJ@=S( >J@=( E:8AJ>C( 9E::8JD9L( #CC( AB( :7E9E( E:A@9( >@E( O;C:8C8JD;>C( 9?E>PE@9(>J:8AJ>C8:=L(2(8J:E@K8EHEJJ9G@8TECCL(#9(2(H>9(C89:EJ8JD(>JJ9G@8T8JD(:7E(8J:E@K8EH9S(2(H>9(OA9:C=(HJ( :A( :7E9E( BA;@( :E>G7E@( E:A@9I( >GGA;J:9( BA@( :7E( 899;E9( :7>:( :7E=( @>89E@:8G;C>:EC8>L("E(89(G;@@EJ:C=(?;@9;8JD(>($7L4L(8J(:7E(+L*L( Sukiyem(7AC(a#(@O>(+J8KE@98:=(>JJ(0#( OE( >@E>( B@AO( >( ;J8KE@98:=( 8J( %7>8C>J8JEJ( ;J8KE@98:=( 8J( :7E( +L*L(*7E(7>9(TEEJ(:E>G78JD(8J(47>@O>(+J8KE@98:=(BA@(OA@E(:7>J(X\(=E>@9L( *7E(89(>J(>G:8KE(@E9E>@G7E@(H7A(7>9(?;TC897ECS(J>:8AJ>CS(@ED8AJ>CS( >J:8AJ>C( FA;@J>C9L( Tuti( 89( >( 9EJ8A@( CEG:;@E@( H7A( 89( JE>@( :A( @E:8@EOEJ:L(*7E(7>9(TEEJ(:E>G78JD(8J(:7E(;J8KE@98:=(BA@(OA@E(:7>J(i\(=E>@9L( "E@(0#(9(AT:>8JE(;J8KE@98:=(8J(:7E(+`(8J(X^^[L( %E>G78JDS( :A( %;:8S( 89( AJC=( AJE( C( HA@P( 8J( E:8AJ5(97E(7>9(7>C(>G>@:OEJ:S("E>@:OEJ:S(>JDE@S([\\lRL(%;:8S(8J(:789( G>9ES( H>9( ?@A?A98JD( >( G@E>:8KE( H>=( AB( K8EH8JD( C>JD;>DE( >J:(CE>(O;C:8C>:E@>C(>J:8AJL( />GEJ??@A>G78JD(:789(O>::E@S(:7E(:E>G7E@NE:A@9(K8EH( :7E( 8O?A@:>JGE( AB( :7E8@( @ACE( 8J( EJD>D8JD( :7E( :E>G7E@NG>JJ( >J>C=:8G>C(H>=(AB(K8EH8JD(&-%(8J(2JL(2J(:7E8@(:E>G78JDS(:7E=(9EEP(:A( @>89E( CE>@JE@9I( >H>@EJE99( AB( 899;E9( 9;G7( >9( C8JD;89:8G9( >JC( 8O?E@8>C89O( 8J( &-%( ?@>G:8GE9S( 3A@CJ@JC9L(%;:8S(8J(7E@(:E>G78JDS(8J:E@E9:8JDC=(AB:EJ(@EO8JJJJA:7E@( G;C:;@E5( I always remind them that when we learn English, we also learn the culture. Take whatever good values of that culture enrich you. Leave out the inappropriate ones, meaning: foreign values that do not fit our customs or culture in Indonesia. …To me, [accepting] those kinds of values will distort our [cultural] values

4E9?8:E(7E@(TEC8EB(8J(:7E(:E>G78JD(AB(U&JDC897(C>JD;>DEV(>J98_E9(:7E(8O?A@:>JGE(AB(PEE?8JD(9AOE(E99EJ:8>C(K>C;E9( AB(:7E(CAG>C(G;C:;@E(>JCC(TE(H>97EH>=(T=(:7E(9:@AJD( G;@@EJ:( AB( DCAT>C8_>:8AJL( %;:8I9( J>@@>:8KE( =9( >( :( 8JKACKE9( @ENG@E>:8JD( :7E( :@>C( ?E@9?EG:8KE( AB( OAJAC8JD;>C(>JC(;JJJG:8GE(8J(:7E(?>9:(8J:A( >(?E@9AJ>C8_EC8_EJ( @E9E>@G7( 8J:E@E9:( 8J( C>JD;>DE( >JJD;>DE( :E>G7E@NE:A@9( :A( 7EC?( :E>G7E@NG>JC(>JC( 89(>J(&JDC897(:E>G7E@5( Being an English Language teacher-educator in Indonesia, I think, is to be able to … make the learners proud to be Indonesian in English… be able to show that you don’t need to be like other people … or speak English like the American or British people. But you use English to promote your culture; to be Indonesian; to show people what is Indonesian in English. So, the teaching of English, I think, should accommodate that.

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a@8:_O>JS( [\\iR( 8J( :7E8@( ?@ABE998AJ>C( EJKA;@9L( %7E( E:A@9( G7>CCEJDEJ:8_EC( ?>@>:8AJ( :A( :A=I9( &JDC897( 9:>:;9( >9( >J( 8J:E@J>:8AJ>C( C>JD;>DEL( %7E8@( J>@@>:8KE9( @EBCEG:( 7AH( :7E8@( ;JJC8_E( ?@ABE998AJ>C89O( AB( &-%( >JK8D>:E( :7EO9ECKE9( >OAJD( :7E9E( GANEM89:8JDS(AKE@C>??8JDS(>J@G78JD(GAJ:EM:L(#9(>(@E9E>@G7E@S(2(H>9(D@>:EB;C(:7>:(:7E9E(E:A@9( 97>@ET8C8:=( QGBL( `ECG7:E@O>J9S( [\\YRS( :EJ98AJ9S( 9ECBNTC>OE( >::8:;JJG:8GE(>JJS([\\iR(>J(E:A@L(a@8:_O>J(Q[\\i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

References a@8:_O>JS( 4L( $L( Q[\\iRL( Practice makes practice: A critical study of learning to teachL()EH(mA@P5(*:>:E(+J8KE@98:=(AB()EH(mA@P($@E99L( !>J>D>@>F>7S( #L( *L( QX^^^RL( Resisting linguistic imperialismL( .MBA@G79S( fL( Q&@@S(,L(Q[\\^RL(c!@;8O8JD(A;@(c9:A@=N :ECC8JD(@8D7:9IL(">@ACLG>k?;TC8G>:8AJ9kGFE>?k?CCL?G=L( Teaching and Teacher EducationS([iS(XiXlNXiiiL( `;O>@>K>G78JDL(TESOL QuarterlyS([eS( [lNgeL( -8ETC8G7S(#LS(%;K>CN0>978>G7S('LS(h(j8CTE@S(%L(QX^^eRL(Narrative research: Reading, analysis, and interpretationL(-AJDEL( 0>CE=S(#L(QX^^[RL(#J(A?EJ(CE::E@(:A(c:7E(?@ABE998AJLI(ELT JournalS(gdQXRS( ^dN^^L( 0897CE@S( &L( ,L( QX^edRL( Research interviewing: Context and NarrativeL( !>OT@8@CAHS(&99EM5(-AJDO>JL( bL(QX^^eRL(English and the discourses of colonialismL(-AJJ:CES( #;9:@>C8>L( bL( Q[\\iRL( The Activist teaching professionL( a;GP8JD7>O5( .?EJ( +J8KE@98:=($@E99L( *7A7>O=S(&L(Q[\\XRL(The Power of texts: A critical perspective on the uses of language testsL(-AJ@9AJ(&:8AJL( 3EJDE@S( &L( QX^^eRL( Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identityL(!>OT@8OT@8@G7>@8>9S( )L( %L( Q[\\dRL( )>:8KE( A@( )AJN)>:8KE( %E>G7E@95( #( 9:;@=( :E>G7E@9I( TEC8EB9( 8J( 2JL( A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching and LiteratureS(dQXRS(XNX\L( (