Identity of Psychology: Stages and Products of a Systematic Literature Review Tiago Esteves1, Miguel Ricou2, Amanda Franco3 & Cristina Costa-Lobo1 1 Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique e Portucalense Institute for Human Development (INPP) 2 Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique e Universidade do Porto 3 Universidade do Minho
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Introduction (1) With the diversified roles that psychologists play within the mental health sector (Gale & Austin, 2003), it is important to develop a clearer understanding of what distinguishes them from other mental health professionals. An unclear professional identity can have implications on the professional’s effort and security (Blocher, Tennyson, & Johnson, 1963); pride and stability (Nelson & Jackson, 2003); work roles, boundaries, and activities (Schoen, 1989); awareness of the services provided; and overall satisfaction (Remley & Herlihy, 2005) within the profession. Thus, professional identity development is not only crucial to one’s individual growth as a professional, but it can also impact the services provided to those with whom professionals come into contact (Brott & Myers, 1999).
Method (3)
According to Dubar (2002), the professional identity is consigned in cultural models or socially recognized forms of identification in the labor context, in other words, it constitutes a social category to which the individual may belong. Likewise, professional identity, faced as a subjective construct, incorporates the personal commitment, beliefs, and culturally defined values associated with the profession (Lasky, 2005). In short, much of the literature assumes that the professional identity of the individual varies, according to the importance that this one attributes to profession in his self-concept, and that quantifying this importance can help in the understanding of individual attitudes and in work behaviors.
Objective (2) The present study seeks to obtain an answer to a central research question: What is the exclusive goal of psychological intervention, which makes it unique when compared to any other profession or intervention? Moreover, the present study aimed to analyze how psychologists define themselves and are defined by other professionals and by the public in general; to identify the difficulties that psychologists perceive in their functions as professionals; and also, to identify how psychologists interpret and describe their functions.
Figure 1. Number of studies included by selected indexing sources.
Phase 1 - Initiation
Figure 2. Scheme of selection of studies for the qualitative systematic review of the literature.
DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION; GOALS DEFINITION; PRIMARY SOURCES IDENTIFICATION; BUILDING SEARCH STRINGS; DEFINITION OF INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA; QUALIFYING CATEGORIES DEFINITION; DEFINITION OF METHOD AND TOOLS; SCHEDULE DEVELOPMENT.
Screening
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)
Identification
In the first phase, initiation, there are eight steps:
Phase 2 - Processing
Web of Science
ELSEVIER SCOPUS
(n = 75)
(n = 45)
Phase 3 - Exit In the third and final phase, exit, there are four steps: 1) INSERT WARNINGS; 2) CATALOGING AND STORING STUDIES; 3) BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS; 4) SYNTHESIS OF THE STUDIES AND RESULTS.
B. NVivo11: Content analysis. Figure 3. Flowchart of Study Selection by Year of Publication.
CAPES
b-on
(n = 10)
(n = 30)
(n = 60)
Studies excluded after submission to read filters (n=120)
Studies mapped through the title and abstract (n=350)
Accessible and eligible full papers (n=202)
Excluded Short papers (n=0) Studies not related to the research question (n=0)
Studies included in the qualitative systematic review of the literature (n=202)
In the set of 202 articles included in the steps of the systematic review of the literature, are analyzed with great frequency:
1. Date of publication of the work :
1)THE EXISTING IDEAS AND MEANINGS AROUND THE EXCLUSIVITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION.
The number of publications has not followed a linear pattern over the years. It is noteworthy that in the last 5 years there has been a significant increase in the number of publications compared to the period from 2007 to 2012. It is noteworthy that the largest number of annual publications on the theme "identity of psychology" was obtained in 2016.
2)THE FUNCTIONS ASSUMED BY PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THEIR DIFFERENT CONTEXTS OF INSERTION, AND IN THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF THEIR CAREERS.
2. Type of publication document:
5. Impact factor of indexed journals in Web of Science: The journal with the highest JCR index is the Personality and Social Psychology Review (JCR = 7,571). On the other hand, the scientific journal with the smallest impact factor is Educational & Child Psychology (JCR = 0.204).
Three different perspectives, mixed (N=10), qualitative (N=154) and quantitative (N=38) were identified. As such, it is possible to mention that 4.95% of the studies present a mixed methodology, 76.24% a qualitative methodology and 18.81% a quantitative methodology.
6. Impact factor of indexed journals in ELSEVIER Scopus :
4. Sample size:
7. Indexed journals in CAPES:
55.9% of the studies didn’t present a sample (N=113), 29.3% of the studies had a sample of less than 100 (N=59), 6.5% of the studies had a sample greater than 100 and less than 200 (N=13) and 8.5% presented a sample higher than 200 (N=17).
(n = 50)
Discussion (5)
Results (4)
3. Methodological perspective used:
Eligibility
Materials A. Mendeley Desktop: Refinement of the results.
As typology of the publication document, 199 presented as typology scientific journals, and three presented as typology of the publication document, books of scientific events.
(n = 80)
Duplicate studies (n=28)
Inclusion
CONDUCTING THE RESEARCH; READING AND ANALYZING RESULTS; DOCUMENTATION OF THE STUDIES.
Pepsic
APA Psycnet
In the second phase, processing, there are three steps: 1) 2) 3)
Scielo
The journal that has the greatest impact factor is the Counseling Psychology Review (SJR = 8.146) and the one with the smallest impact factor is the Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior (SJR = 0.057). The CAPES indexed journals selected for the present qualitative literature review are classified in stratum A and B.
8. Number of citations that the primary study obtained: The study that obtained the highest number of citations was the "Narrative and the Cultural Psychology of Identity", obtaining 359 citations. On the other hand, 61 studies did not obtain any citation, and between 70 and 358 citations no studies were identified.
3)THE ROLE RECOGNIZED, BY PSYCHOLOGISTS AND BY THE REMAINING PROFESSIONALS, TO THE PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION. 4)THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE USERS, AND THE LESS CITIZENS DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS, FACTS THE RELEVANCE OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION. Bibliographic References\\ Blocher, D. H., Tennyson, W. W., & Johnson, R. H. (1963). The dilemma of counselor identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 10(4), 344-349. Brott, P. E., & Myers, J. E. (1999). Development of a professional school counselor identity: A grounded theory. Professional School Counseling, 2(5), 339-348. Dubar, C. (2002). La crisis de las identidades: La interpretación de una mutación. Barcelona: Bellaterra. Gale, A. U., & Austin, D. (2003). Professionalism’s challenges to professional counselors’ collective identity. Journal of Counseling & Development, 81, 3-10. Lasky, S. (2005). A sociocultural approach to understanding teacher identity, agency and professional vulnerability in a context of secondary school reform. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21, 899-916. Nelson, K. W., & Jackson, S. (2003). Professional counselor identity development: A qualitative study of Hispanic student interns. Counselor Education and Supervision, 43(1), 2-14. Remley, T. P. Jr., & Herlihy, B. (2005). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Schoen, L. G. (1989). In search of a professional identity: Counseling psychology in Australia. The Counseling Psychologist, 17(2), 332-343.
