course syllabus

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Jan 6, 2014 ... introductory Sociology course but have been granted permission to take ... Please feel free to contact me by e-mail whenever you ... and Applications (5th Ed.). ... Please Note: The integrated approach to this course requires that ... Schmalleger and Volk, Canadian Criminology Today: ... PDF in Blackboard.
Please Note: This Course Syllabus is an important step in updating the format of our distance courses. If for any reason the Course Syllabus does not match the print Course Guide or online course information, the Course Syllabus shall be taken as correct.

COURSE SYLLABUS COURSE TITLE:

Introduction to Criminology

COURSE CODE:

SOC 212.3

TERM:

Winter 2014

COURSE CREDITS:

3

DELIVERY:

Independent Studies

COURSE SECTION:

X02

START DATE:

January 6, 2014

Course Description This course will introduce students to the scientific study of adult and youth crime and its treatment in society. In addition to developing basic understanding of criminological theories, students will explore a range of topics concerning legal and social justice in society. These include the status of children in society, victimology, crime and social class and societal responses to crime. Prerequisite(s): SOC 111 and 112 (formerly SOC 110).

Course Objectives By the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. Examine the different ways crime and delinquency have been conceptualized and analyzed in the academic literature. 2. Explore the social, legal, and political contexts in which adult and juvenile criminality occur. 3. Describe how our society responds to the criminal behaviour of adults and juveniles. 4. Examine the relationship between juvenile justice and adult justice.

Course Overview There are two related subject areas that make up this field of study. They are as follows: •

Adult criminality



Youth crime/juvenile delinquency

Although these two subject areas have overlapping themes, there are fundamental differences socially, legally, and philosophically - between adult and juvenile criminality. Because of this, we have chosen to divide the course into two parts.

December 5, 2013 ld jm ck gm pk

SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

The first part of the course will focus on adult criminality. It will introduce you to the various concepts of crime, theories of criminality and societal responses to crime. The second part of the course will concentrate on youth criminality. It will explore the evolution of our youth justice system, changing societal conceptions of young people in trouble with the law, theories of delinquency, and societal responses to youth crime. Note: As you read through the Course Guide, make note of the similarities and differences between our empirical and theoretical knowledge on youth crime and adult criminality. This will prove useful when you do the assignments for this course and when it comes time to study for your final exam. Note: If you have not taken a Sociology class for a few years, or if you have not completed an introductory Sociology course but have been granted permission to take this Sociology course, I would strongly suggest that you borrow or purchase a used introductory Sociology textbook (preferably a recently published one), and familiarize yourself with key concepts, perspectives and theories. It is important to understand the basic language and science of our discipline and to use concepts and theoretical ideas in an accurate and appropriate way. An introductory textbook is a good resource for every upper year Sociology student to have. Further, if you feel you need or want to improve your essay writing skills in Sociology, please feel free to contact me at your convenience. I would be pleased to offer you some helpful suggestions and resource material.

Your Instructor Lorna Doerkson

Contact Information E-mail:

[email protected]

Phone:

(306) 652-7013

Hello and welcome to Sociology 212. Please feel free to contact me by e-mail whenever you have a question or concern about the course. I will make every effort to respond to your e-mail within 24 hours (Monday through Friday). I typically check my e-mail once a day, but please note that I do not always check my e-mail on Saturday and/or Sunday. Further, on occasion, I receive e-mails from students that require a more detailed response than I think I can offer in a written reply. If I receive this type of e-mail from you, I will write back and suggest that you contact me by phone. Note: Please contact me as soon as possible if you have registered late for this course and/or if you have not been able to obtain a copy of the textbook.

Office Hours I have scheduled office hours on Monday evenings from 8-9 p.m. During this time, you can contact me by phone and speak to me directly. Note: If you wish to contact me by phone, and my office hours conflict with your school, family and/or work schedule, please e-mail me with specific times you are available and I will e-mail you back and confirm a mutually agreeable time when we can speak together on the phone.

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SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

Profile I have taught Sociology classes, through both the U of S and U of R, since 1978. I began teaching Independent Studies courses in the early 1980s, and I have taught the Introduction to Criminology course for over 25 years. My graduate work is in Criminology. My work experience in the field has encompassed both teaching and research. I was also employed as the Director of the Elizabeth Fry Society of Saskatchewan in the early 1980s.

Required Resources Readings/Textbooks 1. Green, Ross Gordon and Healy, Kearney F. (2003). Tough on Kids: Rethinking Approaches to Youth Justice. Saskatoon, SK: Purich Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-89-583022-2 2. Schmalleger, Frank and Volk, Rebecca. (2014). Canadian Criminology Today: Theories and Applications (5th Ed.). Toronto: Pearson Education Canada. ISBN 978-0-13-293575-3 3. Faigley, Lester, Roger Graves, and Heather Graves. (2014). The Brief Penguin Handbook, Third Canadian Edition. Toronto: Pearson. ISBN: 9780205220687 Or digital version: www.coursesmart.com/students Textbooks are available from the University of Saskatchewan Bookstore: http://www.usask.ca/consumer_services/bookstore/textbooks

Other Required Materials Course Guide and Article Reprints package [mailed from CCDE]

Electronic Resources Some readings in this course will require access to a computer and the Internet. On the Course Schedule in the next section of this syllabus, check the Readings column for links to online articles and chapters in ebooks. Note: If any of the links don’t work for you, try copying and pasting the url into your browser. If you need further assistance, please contact your instructor. Also note that an electronic version of this syllabus is available on the CCDE web site for your convenience in accessing the links at http://ccde.usask.ca/distanceeducation/degreecourselistings

Downloads Some downloads may require Adobe Reader. To install this software, click this link and follow the download and installation instructions: http://get.adobe.com/reader

Course Schedule Please Note: The integrated approach to this course requires that you study in a non-linear way. That’s why you will not see Weeks indicated in the following schedule. You will need to work from both adult and youth criminality modules and course resources in order to write your essays. Please see the Assignments section for more information.

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SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

Week

Module

Readings

Module 1 – The Concept of Crime

Schmalleger and Volk, Canadian Criminology Today: Theories and Applications • Preface • Chapters 5 and 10

Evaluation Due Dates See the following Assignments section.

PDF in Blackboard • Quinney, Richard, “Chapter 3: Sociology of Criminal Law” Module 2 – Theories of Adult Criminality

Schmalleger and Volk, Canadian Criminology Today: Theories and Applications • Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10

Module 3 – Measuring Crime

Schmalleger and Volk, Canadian Criminology Today: Theories and Applications • Chapters 2 and 3

Module 4 – Societal Responses to Crime

Schmalleger and Volk, Canadian Criminology Today: Theories and Applications • Chapters 4 and 11

Module 5 – Youth, Crime, and Justice

PDF in Blackboard • Packer, Herbert, “Two Models of the Criminal Process” Green and Healy, Tough on Kids: Rethinking Approaches to Youth Justice • Chapters 1, 4 Article Reprint • Schissel, Bernard “The Study of the Hatred of Children” Course Guide • Tibbetts, Janice “Top Court to Rule on Spanking” • Tibbetts, Janice “Spanking Law Upheld”

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SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

Module 6 – The Status of Children in Society

Module 7 – Theories of Juvenile Crime

Module 8 – Youth Justice Legislation

Article Reprints • Callahan, Marilyn, “Public Apathy and Government Parsimony” • Bala & Clarke “Chapter 1: The Childhood” PDF in Blackboard • Platt, Anthony, “The Rise of the Child-Saving Movement: A Study in Social Policy and Correctional Reform” Course Guide: • Pacholik, Barb, “B.C. advocate wants action for abused girl”. Green and Healy, Tough on Kids: Rethinking Approaches to Youth Justice • Chapter 3 PDF in Blackboard • Laub and Sampson, “Turning Points in the Life Course: Why Change Matters to the Study of Crime” Green and Healy, Tough on Kids: Rethinking Approaches to Youth Justice • Chapters 2, 6, 7, 8 Online The following 3 pieces of youth legislation provide specific legal information that might be of interest to you: • • •

Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA): http://www.lawyers.ca/ycja/jda.htm Young Offenders Act (YOA) http://www.parl.gc.ca/ information/library/PRBpubs/8613-e.htm Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/ Bills_ls.asp?Parl=37&Ses=1&ls=C7

You are not expected to read the JDA, YOA, and YCJA in their entirety. You should read the introductory sections dealing with the philosophy and principles of the legislation. Then skim through the rest of the legislation, and compare and contrast these three acts. Course Guide: • Perreaux, Leslie, “Crown objects to judge’s rulings; Turpel-Lafond oversteps judicial bounds, appeal claims”. • Bala, Nicholas, “Chapter 3: The Development of Canada’s Youth Justice Law”.

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SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

Friday April 11, 2014 (9:00 a.m.)

FINAL EXAM

Note: If for any reason the Course Syllabus Reading List does not match the Module Reading List, the Course Syllabus shall be taken as correct. Note: February 14-21, 2014, is Family Day and U of S Reading Week. No assignments are due this week.

Grading Scheme Assignment 1 Assignment 2 Assignment 3 Final Exam Total

15% 25% 30% 30% 100%

Information on literal descriptors for grading at the University of Saskatchewan can be found at: http://students.usask.ca/current/academics/grades/grading-system.php. Please note: There are different literal descriptors for undergraduate and graduate students. More information on the Academic Courses Policy on course delivery, examinations and assessment of student learning can be found at: http://www.usask.ca/university_secretary/council/academiccourses.php The University of Saskatchewan Learning Charter is intended to define aspirations about the learning experience that the University aims to provide, and the roles to be played in realizing these aspirations by students, instructors and the institution. A copy of the Learning Charter can be found at: http://www.usask.ca/university_secretary/LearningCharter.pdf

Evaluation Components CCDE Writing Centre - Quality writing help for free! Anyone taking a distance class (online, independent studies, televised, or multi–mode delivery) administered by the CCDE can use this free service. The Writing Centre provides tools and support to help you write effective essays, reports, or reviews. Simply submit a project draft, and a qualified tutor will assess your work and offer advice to improve your project. Contact the CCDE Writing Centre at http://www.ccde.usask.ca/writing In this course you will be required to write three essays and a final examination.

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SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

Assignments The three essay assignments for this course are of varying lengths and values. In total, the assignments comprise 70% of your final grade. Very Important Note: The assignment topics for this course reflect universal themes in the study of crime and integrate material dealing with both adult and youth criminality. Before you begin your assignments, read through all of the modules in your Course Guide. This will give you the necessary overview of the discipline that you will need to address each of the essay assignments for the class. This integrated approach to the course requires that you study in a non-linear way; you will need to work from both adult and youth criminality modules and course resources in order to write your essays. Each assignment requires you to focus on a particular body of literature found in your textbooks, article reprints, and Course Guide. Please refrain from using non-course material to do your essays. The assigned material for Sociology 212.3 is more than sufficient to guide you through the writing of your essays. Please Note: Module 3 is not specifically needed for the Assignments, but you will need to study it for the Final Examination.

Essay 1 Length: Value: Due Date:

5 typed pages 15% of final grade January 24, 2014

Description: In our society adults and youth may commit the same crimes but their actions are not intended to be viewed and treated in an identical way. Write an essay that explores the variable of age and why it is important to differentiate the criminal behavior of adults from the criminal behavior of youth. Note: This essay is intended to be empirically based NOT opinion based. The readings to consult in writing this essay are as follows: •

Modules 1, 5, 6 and 8



Article Reprints: Callahan, Bala and Clarke



Schmalleger and Volk: Chapter 2



Green and Healy: Chapters 1, 2 and 9



PDF in Blackboard: Platt

Essay 2 Length: Value: Due Date:

7 typed pages 25% of final grade February 24, 2014

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SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

Description: The academic literature in Criminology reflects two distinct ideological views of crime. 1. Crime is chosen by the individual. (Classicism). 2. Crime is determined by forces beyond the control of the individual. (Positivism). These ideologies (also known as Schools of Thought) have influenced, indeed some might argue shaped, legal and social policy with respect to the treatment of youth and adult offenders. Write an essay that explores the focus and scope of these two ideological frameworks, including their relative strengths and limitations. Apply your analysis to the newspaper article titled, “13 Year Old Boy an Offender or a Victim?” (This article is found on page 108 of the Schmalleger and Volk textbook). (Note: This essay is intended to be empirically based, NOT opinion based. Further, this essay is NOT about theories of crime per se, although you may wish to make reference, in your paper, to specific theoretical concepts and ideas that are relevant to a discussion of Classicism and Positivism. Readings for this assignment: •

Modules: 1, 2, 5 and 7



Schmalleger and Volk Part Two: Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10



Green and Healy: Chapter 3



Article Reprints: Schissel



PDFs in Blackboard: Quinney, Laub and Sampson

Essay 3 Length: Value: Due Date:

8-10 typed pages 30% of final grade March 14, 2014

Description: In the Article Reprint titled "Two Models of the Criminal Process," Herbert Packer writes: "There are two kinds of problems that need to be dealt with in any model of the criminal process. One is what the rules shall be. The other is how the rules shall be implemented." (p. 31) In this essay, you will identify and discuss some of the major challenges our society faces with respect to making and enforcing reasonable, effective and fair laws that address the needs and concerns of the various stakeholders in the criminal justice process (namely offenders, victims, the community and the state). Note: This assignment is intended to be empirically based, NOT opinion based. Readings for this assignment: •

Modules: 4 and 8



Schmalleger and Volk: Chapters 1, 3, 4 and 11



Green and Healy: Chapters 6 and 7



PDF in Blackboard: Packer Page 8 of 14

SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology



Course Guide: Module 8, Bala

Final Examination Time: 3 hours Value: 30% of final grade Date: See Course Schedule. Purpose: Invigilated, comprehensive, closed book final examination. Description: A memo outlining the focus and structure of the final examination will be sent to you well before the date of the final examination. You must register to write the final examination by completing an Application Form for Final Examination. This application is part of your course materials package; this form is also available at http://ccde.usask.ca/exam-info Consult the Examinations section in your Student Information Handbook for further details on examinations.

Submitting Assignments Submission forms and pre-addressed envelopes are included in your course materials package. Assignments may be submitted by mail, fax, or in person. Please do not e-mail your essays to your instructor. Options for submitting assignments: • •

By fax (with completed submission form) to CCDE at (306) 966-5245. In person (with completed submission form) to the Main Office at the Centre for Continuing and Distance Education (address below) Monday through Friday between 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. After Hours: Via the drop slot located at the top of the central stairwell, on the Fourth Floor of the Williams Building (address below).



By mail (with completed submission form) to: Centre for Continuing & Distance Education (CCDE) Room 464, Williams Building University of Saskatchewan 221 Cumberland Avenue North Saskatoon, SK S7N 1M3

Please note that assignments sent by mail should be postmarked no later than the due date, and faxes should be sent prior to 4:30 p.m. Saskatchewan time on the due date. You should keep a personal copy of all assignments submitted.

Additional Information •

[There are no Must Pass components for this course]. Note: Course work that is not submitted for evaluation will be assigned a grade of zero. The final exam is an integral part of a student’s grade for this class. Failure to write the exam will result in a grade of 0; this grade will be incorporated into the calculation of the student’s final mark for the class.



You are expected to complete and submit your assignments on schedule. Having said this, unexpected problems can and sometimes do occur. For that reason, you have been granted a one-week, no penalty, grace period for each of your assignments. You do not Page 9 of 14

SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

have to ask your instructor for permission to use this grace period. If you need part or all of the additional week to complete an assignment, it is yours for the taking. •

An essay that is received after the one-week grace period is considered late and will be docked 10 marks upon receipt. Assignments that are more than 3 weeks late will not be graded. Note: this does not pertain to students who have been granted extensions on their work due to legitimate medical or personal problems.



Please note that in the event of a legitimate medical or personal problem, your instructor can grant additional time to complete one or more assignments during the regular course session. In the event of a problem, you must contact me directly and discuss your need for an extension. Please do not assume that an extension on your course work will be automatically granted.



Note: It is your responsibility to ensure that your assignments are properly mailed or faxed (e.g. proper postage, proper fax number, etc.) and that you have a record of where and when you sent your assignment. If for some reason you do not receive an essay back approximately two weeks after mailing or faxing it in, please check with me to see if I received it.

How Your Essays Will Be Evaluated Your essays will be evaluated on the basis of three criteria: structure, content, and effort. Structure

Structure includes the following: •

Introduction, body, and conclusion



Proper use of grammar



Proper spelling



Appropriate use of footnotes, both in terms of accurate referencing and in terms of appropriate application or incorporation. Footnotes should be used to support or highlight a particular issue. They should not be used as a dominant source of information. Do NOT use them as a crutch.

Content

When evaluating content, the instructor will ask these questions: •

Does the essay follow and meet the guidelines or requirements of the assignment?



Is the essay logical and reasonable?



How well does the student work with relevant sociological concepts, theoretical ideas, linking observation with theory, moving from description to analysis?



Does the essay demonstrate independent thought? Students should have their own analysis of what they have read. They should be guided by authors, NOT be controlled by them.



To what extent does the student demonstrate an understanding of the topic? For example, does the paper clarify or confuse? Are concepts and theories used precisely or are they used indiscriminately and inaccurately?

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SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

Effort



Does the student’s paper show an honest attempt to address the topic?



Does the student make the paper interesting and thought provoking?

Essay Dos and Don’ts Materials and Equipment



Use bonded, unlined paper for your essays.



If at all possible, type the essay, double-spaced, on white bonded paper, and on one side of the page. If an essay must be hand-written, assume that two and one-half handwritten pages equals one typed page (double-spaced). Ensure that hand-written essays are neatly written on white, bonded paper. If you cannot write neatly, type your essays.



Leave adequate margins for the instructor’s comments (e.g., one and one-quarter inches at the top and bottom, one inch on the left-hand side, and three-quarters of an inch on the right-hand side).



Attach a cover sheet, indicating your name, the class (Sociology 212.3), the assignment number and title, and date submitted.



Attach the pages of your essay with a staple or paper-clip. Do not use binders or plastic covers.

Structure of the Essay



Make sure your essays have an introduction, body, and conclusion.



Write your essays in paragraph form. Keep away from long convoluted paragraphs. Keep your paragraphs focused and to the point.



Follow assignment instructions carefully. Make sure your essay encompasses all the elements of the assignment. For example, if you are asked to do three things make sure you complete each one. In addition, each essay assignment states a maximum number of pages for that essay. You are strongly encouraged to remain within the limit since it is important to develop the ability to organize and express ideas clearly and succinctly.

Writing Style



Say what you mean in the fewest number of words.



Write to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of a topic.



Do NOT dramatize issues or make them into something they are not (for example, saying that something is “quite drastic” or “very extreme”).



Develop ideas in depth. Assume the reader knows nothing about your topic.



Always try to express the ideas in your words. The person marking your essay has no way of knowing what you understand if you simply repeat or paraphrase the words of another author. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited.

Quotations



Use quoted material sparingly. All quotations must be either enclosed in quotation marks (i.e., “…”) or indented using single spacing. The reference (or source where you found the quotation) must be cited. Do not use footnotes or endnotes. Put the reference directly into the text of your essay as follows: author’s last name, the year of publication, and the page number. For example: (Sacco and Kennedy, 1991: 50). When you cite references in your essay, you must then list the full reference in a “Bibliography” at the end of your paper. (This Page 11 of 14

SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

page does not count as part of the maximum limit for the essay). The items in your bibliography should be arranged in alphabetical order according to the author’s last name. For example, Sacco, Vincent, F. and Kennedy, Leslie W. (1994). The Criminal Event. Scarborough: Nelson Canada. Creechan, J. and Silverman, R. (1995). Canadian Delinquency. Scarborough: Prentice Hall Canada, Ltd. •

Italicize or underline the titles of books and journals. Place the titles of articles in quotation marks.



Do NOT over reference your essays. Use a quote to highlight a specific point, explain the relevance of the quote and apply it to the particular idea(s) you are trying to convey in a particular paragraph. Do NOT simply inject quotes indiscriminately into essays and do NOT “string” quotes together. Rule of thumb: limit quotes to two or three per page.

Self-Checking for Quality



Proofread your essays carefully before submitting them for evaluation. Reading your essay aloud often reveals non-sequiturs and problems with syntax. It might also be helpful to have another person read your paper and check for spelling mistakes and proper grammar. If you do not own a good dictionary and a guide for writing formal essays (such as a style manual), now is the time to invest in these essential aids.



Make sure your spelling is correct.



Strive to write the best possible essays you are capable of doing. Poorly written essays are confusing and difficult to read. Well written papers are educational and a pleasure to read.



Writing is a skill, and like all skills, it requires practice, discipline, and dedication.

Students with Disabilities If you have a diagnosed disability (learning, medical, physical, or mental health), you are strongly encouraged to register with Disability Services for Students (DSS). In order to access DSS programs and supports, you must follow DSS policy and procedures. If you suspect you may have a disability, contact DSS for advice and referrals. For more information, see http://www.students.usask.ca/disability/ or contact DSS at 306-966-7273 or [email protected].

Integrity Defined (from the Office of the University Secretary) “Integrity is expected of all students in their academic work – class participation, examinations, assignments, research, practica – and in their non-academic interactions and activities as well.” (Office of the University Secretary) It is your responsibility to be familiar with the University of Saskatchewan Guidelines for Academic Conduct. More information is available at www.usask.ca/university_secretary/pdf/dishonesty_info_sheet.pdf

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SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

Module Objectives Module 1 The Concept of Crime 1. Recognize that crime has different meanings. 2. Relate the definition of crime to the following ideologies: classicism, neo-classicism, and positivism. 3. Describe how each of these ideologies portrays criminal behaviour and its causes. Module 2 Theories of Adult Criminality 1. Identify the differences and similarities between legal, medical, and social theories of crime. 2. Briefly describe each of the theories covered in this module and explain the legal, social, and historical context in which each theory has developed. 3. Identify the strengths and limitations of each theory covered in this module. Module 3 Measuring Crime 1. Explain the difference between an empirically-based portrait of crime and a mediagenerated portrait of crime. 2. Explain the strengths and limitations of official crime statistics. 3. Contrast overt and covert crime. 4. Explain the relationship between gender, race, class, and crime. 5. Explain the difference between unorganized criminal activity and organized criminal activity. Module 4 Societal Responses to Crime 1. Explain the difference between crime control and crime prevention. 2. Discuss the financial and human costs of crime. 3. Identify the relative strengths and limitations of punishment and restorative justice. 4. Explain the importance of victimology to the study of criminology. Module 5 Youth, Crime, and Justice 1. Describe the differences between the media portrait of youth crime and the academic portrait of youth crime. 2. Identify the groups of young people in our society who are at the greatest risk of being labeled criminals. 3. Explain the social and economic basis of youth crime in Canada. Module 6 The Status of Children in Society 1. Describe the contradictions in our society’s view of children. Page 13 of 14

SOC 212.3 – Introduction to Criminology

2. Explain the legacy of the Child Saving Movement 3. Debate the relationship between parents, children, and the state. 4. Recognize the relationship between crime and the status of children in society 5. Understand the difference between juvenile justice rhetoric and juvenile justice practices. Module 7 Theories of Juvenile Crime 1. Describe the differences between biological/psychological theories of delinquency, social theories of delinquency, and conflict theories of delinquency. 2. Discuss the relative strengths and limitations of classical and positivist theories of youth crime. 3. Recognize the importance of constructing theories that are specific to the lives of young people. Module 8 Youth Justice Legislation 1. Explain the differences between the Juvenile Delinquents Act, the Young Offenders Act, and the Youth Criminal Justice Act. 2. Relate each piece of youth justice legislation to Marilyn Callaghan’s perspectives on children/youth 3. Discuss the strengths and limitations of the Juvenile Delinquents Act, the Young Offenders Act, and the Youth Criminal Justice Act. 4. Discuss youth justice legislation in terms of its relative impact on young people, families, and society.

Acknowledgements Course Author Lorna Doerkson B.A., M.A. (University of Saskatchewan)

Instructional Design and Course Development Margareth Peterson, M.Ed.

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