Cropping Pattern Scenarios in the Command Area of ...

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 03, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Cropping Pattern Scenarios in the Command Area of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India Priteshkumar R. Mori1 Dr. Pradeep P.Lodha2 Dr. Indra Prakash3 Chiragkumar S. Bhura4 1,4 ME Student(WRM) 2Associate Professor 3Faculty 1,4 L.D.C.E- Ahmedabad 2G.E.C– VALSAD, Gujarat 3BISAG, Gandhinagar, Gujarat Abstract— The change in cropping pattern has a great impact on command area management. In this paper change in cropping pattern and crop intensity of the study region is determined by analyzing crop data before and after construction of Karjan dam. The analysis shows that there is a drastic change in cropping pattern in Karjan dam command area as per water availability and soil conditions. The pattern in cash crops has also gone through a change and the cash crop before construction of dam i.e. before 1976 was cotton has changed to more beneficial cash crop of sugarcane and banana. Key words: Cropping Pattern, Karjan Dam, Crop Plan. I. INTRODUCTION The cropping pattern means the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time or regional allocation of land among different crops. An ideal crops plan should not only fulfill requirement of the local people or food for the farmers and their families, but also to meet fodder requirement of the farm animals. The choice of crops, their variety and the area under different crops obviously depend upon a number of factors, such as soil conditions, temperature and rainfall, economic factors such as price structure of different crops, availability of labour, capital marketing, transport facility, nearness of the market etc. are the factors which determines the choices of the crop grown. Cropping Pattern is depends on land use, soil characteristics and agro climate condition etc. in Karjan dam command. Irrigation facility provided in the area and development of infrastructure facilities, farmers tend to deviate from designed cropping pattern and switch over to cash crop and more income yielding crops. The Karjan dam command area came under perennial cropping pattern. Irrigation has switched over to cash crop like sugarcane & other perennial. The most noticeable crop is sugarcane compare to other perennial crop. Such phenomenal changes in cropping practiced in this area has left some serious impact on quality of command area and irrigation management.

percent area is reported to be under cereal crops and 37 percent under cash crop. The distribution total irrigated area among various crops under different crops is shown in Table 4.1. It is seen that, on an average, jowar, wheat, and rice together share about 50 percent of the total irrigated area, while among cash crops cotton alone has occupied about 36 percent of the irrigated area. In the case of rice and wheat there is proportion of irrigated area to total area with an increase in area size is clearly observed. In between 1973 to 1978, on an average, about 32 percent of wheat cropped area and 22 percent of sugarcane cropped area are irrigated.

Fig. 1: Location Map of Karjan Dam Command Area B. Major crop wise area irrigated before construction of dam and canal network shown in Table 1 Seson

Crop

Rice Wheat Cereals Jowar Bajra Maize Tur Pulses Moong Cotton Sugarcane Cash crops Banana Fruit & Veg. Fodder crops Total Crop area

Area in ha 2679.530734 3399.559515 4179.763611 1227.714779 115.5089398 950.3549894 207.5010894 7517.072799 69.1670298 69.1670298 80.92542487 138.3340596 20634.6

II. STUDY AREA Karjan Reservoir Project is suited near Jitagadh village of Nandod Taluka, Dist Narmada of Gujarat state. River Karjan is left bank tributary of river Narmada. It is down stream of Sardar Sarovar Project. The project covers 51000 ha CCA through left and right bank canal system. The project area lies on the western coast of the Indian continent, between 730.5’ and 730.40’ longitude east and 210.30’ and 220.0’ latitude north. The elevation of the project area varies between 18m to 120m. above MSL.

Table 1: Major Crop Wise Area Irrigate (1973 To 1978). The old crop pattern was kharif based with an intensity of 94.1 percent which has been proposed to 122.5 percent after completion of Karjan reservoir project.

A. Pre and Proposed crop pattern Before construction of Karjan reservoir in between 1973 to 1978 there is only 6.65 percent of the gross cropped area is irrigated. Out of the total irrigated area of 120.70hacter , 56

C. Cropping Pattern in 1973-78 and Proposed for future In Karjan command area cropping pattern before construction of dam was shown in Table 2, there was 54% area covered in two seasonal from 53% area covered by

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Cropping Pattern Scenarios in the Command Area of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 03/2015/110)

cotton which proposed to 30%. In Kharif and Rabi season crop area covered 19.4% and 19% which proposed to 42.5% and 35% respectively.

F. Season wise crop area

Pre and Proposed Cropping pattern Sr. Season NO. 1 2 3 Kharif 4 5

6 7 8 9

Rabi

10 11 Two 12 Seasonal 13

14 15 Perennials 16

Pre Proposed Percentage percentage paddy 4.2 20 Hybrid sorghum and hybrid maize 2.1 5 Hybrid millets (Bajara) 4.2 5 Oilseeds 8.9 10 Green Manure 0 2.5 Total 19.4 42.5 Crop

Wheat Sorghum Vegetables Pulses Total

1.4 17.1 0.5 0 19

20 10 2.5 2.5 35

Total

53.7 0 0 0.3 54

30 2.5 2.5 2.5 37.5

Total

0 0.4 1.3 1.7

5 2.5 0 7.5

94.1

122.5

Cotton Lucerne Vegetables Tobacco

Sugar cane Orcahrds Fodder(HW)

TOTAL

Table 2: Actual And Proposed Crop Pattern Before Construction of Dam. D. Proposed seasonal total crop intensity Kharif : 80% Rabi: 72.5% Hot. Wt: 7.5% Total: 160%  Seasonal actual and proposed total percentage of crop before construction of dam

Fig. 3: Percentage Of Crop Area To Total Cultural Command Area(CCA) It is clear from the Table 4.3 and above graph that there is major area is occupied by the sugarcane and banana which is perennial crop. Kharif and Rabi crop area is too much less compared to overall area. The sugarcane is a long duration cash crop requiring considerable amount of water. It is therefore confined mainly to the irrigated tracts of the study region. It requires deep rich loamy soil. It is a soil exhausting crop, therefore, application of farm yard manures, green manures and chemical fertilizers is essential. Sugarcane has occupied about 26500 hectares of area which was 50 per cent of the total cropped area-in 1999-2013. The production of sugarcane and its hectare share is noticeable in the study region. The regional pattern of sugarcane area is affected by satisfaction of irrigation and soil properties in the study region. G. Change in Crop pattern A study of changing cropping pattern brings out the proportion of area under different crops at a point of time in the study region. The cropping pattern in the study region keeps on changing from time to time in consonance with change in irrigation facility, agricultural prices, government polices and other physical and non physical factors. These cropping patterns are also governed by economic, social and personal factors while the natural factors stand for physiographic and climatic condition. Review of changes in aggregate cropping pattern in the study region Before and after construction of dam is shown in figure 1.4.

Fig. 2: and Proposed Crop Intensity(1973-1978) E. Actual crop pattern (2014) Current scenario of crop pattern in Karjan dam command area is came under perennial cropping pattern shown in Table 1.3 CROP SEASON AREA IN ha Ground nutt Sugarcane banana Juvar/Bajra/Makai Pulses Vegetable wheat Cotton

Kharif perennials perennials perennials perennials perennials Rabi Two seasonal

819.6997318 26491.67697 9760.462912 4427.423702 1969.810502 338.1877463 907.21271 8156.99928

Table 3: Avg. Area Under Different Crop (2008-2014)

Fig. 4: Season Wise Crop Intensity Before, Proposed And After Construction Of Dam III. CONCLUSION Change in cropping pattern scenario study has been useful in determining the impact of irrigation from Karjan dam on the

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Cropping Pattern Scenarios in the Command Area of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 03/2015/110)

command area. Karjan dam command area has gone through a drastic change in cropping pattern. The major change is in the adoption of the cash crops instead of the ‘cereal’ and ‘pulses’. Large chunk of area has come under these cash crops replacing the seasonal crops. Before construction of the dam the cash crop was cotton which covered one third area of the total cropping area in study region, whereas after construction of Karjan dam and availability of irrigation water in the command area, the scenario is changed to sugarcane and banana replacing cotton covering almost 80% of the command area. REFERENCES [1] B.N. Viswanath, E. Narayanan Nair, A socioeconomic study of Karjan command area Bharuch Gujarat, Aug-1979 Cept study cell. [2] Gomatee Singh, Factors Influencing cropping pattern in Bulandshahr district-with special references to the size of land holding. Department of Geography Aligharh Muslim University, Aligharh, India. [3] J.S. Parihar, P.K. Sharma, S.S. Ray, L.B. Patel, Cropping Pattern Changes in Relation to Agriculture Sustainability, Punjab Remote Sensing Center, Ludhiana. [4] R. Mahesh, Causes and Consequences of change in cropping pattern: A Location-specific study, December-1999. Kerala Research programme on Local level development center for development studies, Thiruvananthapuram. [5] Kalaiselvi . Pattern of crop diversification in Indian scenario. Economics wing, DDE, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India.2013, ISSN 0976-1233 [6] Rajendra Yadav, Dr. K.C. Sharma A Study of Irrigation, Cropping Pattern and Ground Water Scenario in Viratnagar Tehsil (Rajasthan, India) Global Journal For Research Analysis, Vol: 4, Issue: 2 February 2015.

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