IT2354 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS. UNIT I EMBEDDED COMPUTING. 9. Challenges
of Embedded Systems – Embedded system design process. Embedded.
QUESTION BANK
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Dr. NAVALAR NEDUNCHEZHIYAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING THOLUDUR – 606 303, CUDDALORE DIST DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI YEAR: III / SEM VI
IT2354 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS UNIT I
EMBEDDED COMPUTING
9
Challenges of Embedded Systems – Embedded system design process. Embedded processors – 8051 Microcontroller, ARM processor – Architecture, Instruction sets and programming. UNIT II MEMORY AND INPUT / OUTPUT MANAGEMENT
9
Programming Input and Output – Memory system mechanisms – Memory and I/O devices and interfacing – Interrupts handling. UNIT III PROCESSES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
9
Multiple tasks and processes – Context switching – Scheduling policies – Interprocess communication mechanisms – Performance issues. UNIT IV EMBEDDED SOFTWARE
9
Programming embedded systems in assembly and C – Meeting real time constraints – Multi-state systems and function sequences. Embedded software development tools – Emulators and debuggers. UNIT V EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
9
Design issues and techniques – Case studies – Complete design of example embedded systems.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS: 1. Wayne Wolf, “Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computer System Design”, Elsevier, 2006. 2. Michael J. Pont, “Embedded C”, Pearson Education , 2007. REFERENCES: 1. Steve Heath, “Embedded System Design”, Elsevier, 2005. 2. Muhammed Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi and Rolin D. McKinlay, “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems”, Pearson Education, Second edition,2007. 1
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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SUBJECT NAME: EMBEDDED SYSTEM SUBJECT CODE: IT2354 UNIT I
EMBEDDED COMPUTING
PART A
(1 MARK)
1. Which of the following are the two main components of the CPU? a. Control Unit and Registers
b. Registers and Main Memory
c. Control unit and ALU
d. ALU and bus
2. The two basic types of record access methods are: a. Sequential and random
b. Sequential and indexed
c. Direct and immediate
d. Online and real time
3. A disadvantage of the laser printer is a. It is quieter than an impact printer
b. It is very slow
c. The output is of a lower quality
d. None of the above
4. Different components n the motherboard of a PC unit are linked together by sets of parallel electrical conducting lines. What are these lines called? a. Conductors
b. Buses
c. Connectors
d. Consecutives
5. Which of the following is used as a primary storage device? a. Magnetic drum
b. PROM
c. Floppy disk
d. All of these
6. Which of the following memories needs refresh? a. SRAM
b. DRAM
c. ROM
d. All of above
7. Which of the following devices can be used to directly input printed text? a. OCR
b. OMR
c. MICR
d. All of above
8. The output quality of a printer is measured by a. Dot per cm b. Dots per inch
c. Dots printed per unit time
d. All of above
9. In analog computer a. Input is first converted to digital form
b. Input is never converted to digital form
c. Output is displayed in digital form
d. All of the above
10. Modern computers are very reliable but they are not a. Fast
b. Powerful
c. Infallible
d. Cheap
11. Which 8-bit chip was used in many of today’s TRS-80 computers? 2 Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK a. Z-8000
III - CSE b. Motorola 6809
c. Z-8808
d. Z-80
12. Personal computers used a number of chips mounted on a main circuit board. What is the common name for such boards? a. Daughterboard
b. Motherboard
c. Father board
d. Childboard
13. In most of the IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drivers, memory, expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board. What is the name of the board? a. Motherboard
b. Daughterboard
c. Bredboard
d. Fatherboard
14. A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language at one time is called a/an a. Interpreter
b. CPU
c. Compiler
d. Simulator
15. Which statement is valid about magnetic tape? a. It is a plastic ribbon
b. It is coated on both sides with iron oxide
c. It can be erased and reused
d. All of above
16. Which of the following is the local user with the MOST authority on a computer running Windows XP ? A. BCM user
B. Power user C. Network Configuration Operator D. Administrator
17. Which of the following modes will provide retrieval of a previous computing session with the least amount of boot-up time ? A. Shutdown
B. Hibernate
C. Standby
D. Restart
18. Which of the following will happen when a user plugs a third-party adapter which outputs alternating current (AC) directly into a laptop? A. The laptop will start in Safe Mode.
B. The laptop will start, however it will not charge .
C. The laptop processor will be overclocked. D. The laptop components will be damaged. 19.Which of the following is a way to identify which Windows operating system is currently installed ? A. Click on Start > Run and type version/info B. Click on Start > Run and type version info/detail C. Right click My Computer > Manage D. Right click My Computer > Properties 20. In Windows XP, which of the following utilities is used to partition the disk ? A. Disk Management
B. System Configuration Utility
C. Registry Editor
D. Device Manager
3
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK ANSWER: 1 2 3 c a d
4 b
5 b
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6 b
7 a
8 b
9 b
10 c
11 d
12 b
PART B
13 a
14 c
15 a
16 d
17 c
18 19 20 d d a
(2 MARK)
21.Define Embedded System. What are the components of embedded system? An Embedded system is one that has computer hardware with software embedded in it as one of its most important component. The three main components of an embedded system are 1. Hardware 2. Main application software 3. RTOS 22. In what ways CISC and RISC processors differ? CISC It provides number of addressing modes It provides very few addressing modes It has a micro programmed unit with a control memory It has a hardwired unit without a control memory An easy compiler design Complex compiler design RISC Provide precise and intensive calculations slower than a RISC Provide precise and intensive calculations faster than a CISC 23. Define system on chip (SOC) with an example Embedded systems are being designed on a single silicon chip called system on chip. SOC is a new design innovation for embedded system Ex. Mobile phone. 24. Give any two uses of VLSI designed circuits A VLSI chip can embed IPs for the specific application besides the ASIP or a GPP core. A system on a VLSI chip that has all of needed analog as well as digital circuits. Eg. Mobile phone. 25. List the important considerations when selecting a processor. 4
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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Instruction set
•
Maximum bits in an operand
•
Clock frequency
•
Processor ability
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26. What are the types of embedded system? •
Small scale embedded systems
•
Medium scale embedded systems
•
Sophisticated embedded systems
27. Classify the processors in embedded system? 1. General purpose processor Microprocessor Microcontroller Embedded processor Digital signal processor Media processor 2. Application specific system processor 3. Multiprocessor system using GPP and ASSP GPP core or ASIP core integrated into either an ASIC or a VLSI circuit or an FPGA core integrated with processor unit in a VLSI chip. 28. What are the important embedded processor chips? •
ARM 7 and ARM 9
•
i 960
•
AMD 29050
29. Name some DSP used in embedded systems? •
TMS320Cxx
•
SHARC
30. Name some of the hardware parts of embedded systems? •
Power source
•
Clock oscillator circuit
•
Timers
•
Memory units
•
DAC and ADC 5
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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•
LCD and LED displays
•
Keyboard/Keypad
31. What are the various types of memory in embedded systems? •
RAM (internal External)
•
ROM/PROM/EEPROM/Flash
•
Cache memory
32. What are the points to be considered while connecting power supply rails with embedded system? •
A processor may have more than two pins of Vdd and Vss
•
Supply should separately power the external I/O driving ports, timers, and clock
•
and
•
From the supply there should be separate intercoections for pairs of Vdd and
•
Vss pins analog ground analog reference and analog input voltage lines.
33. What is watch dog timer? Watch dog timer is a timing device that resets after a predefined timeout. 34. What are the two essential units of a processor on a embedded system? Program Flow control Unit Execution Unit 35. What does the execution unit of a processor in an embedded system do? The EU includes the ALU and also the circuits that execute instructions for a program control task. The EU has circuits that implement the instructions pertaining to data transfer operations and data conversion from one form to another. 36. Give examples for general purpose processor. •
Microcontroller
•
Microprocessor
37. Define microprocessor. A microprocessor is a single VLSI chip that has a CPU and may also have some other units for example floating point processing arithmetic unit pipelining and super scaling units for faster processing of instruction. 38.When is Application Specific System processors (ASSPs) used in an embedded system? An ASSP is used as an additional processing unit for running the application specific tasks in place of processing using embedded software. 6
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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39. Define ROM image. Final stage software is also called as ROM image .The final implement able software for a product embeds in the ROM as an image at a frame. Bytes at each address must be defined for creating the image. 40. Define device driver. A device driver is software for controlling, receiving and sending byte or a stream of bytes from or to a device. 41. Name some of the software’s used for the detailed designing of an embedded system. •
Final machine implement able software for a product
•
Assembly language
•
High level language
•
Machine codes
•
Software for device drivers and device management.
42. What are the various models used in the design of an embedded system? •
Finite state machine
•
Petri net
•
Control and dataflow graph
•
Activity diagram based UML model
•
Synchronous data flow graph
•
Timed Petri net and extended predicate/transition net PART C
(16 MARK)
43. List the hardware units that must be present in the embedded systems 44.Explain the Exemplary applications of each type of embedded system. 45.Explain the various form of memories present in a system 46. Explain the software tools in designing of an embedded system. 47.Explain the processors in an Embedded System 48.What are the Challenges in Embedded systems 49.Embedded system design process? 50.Embedded system for digital camera?
UNIT II MEMORY AND INPUT / OUTPUT MANAGEMENT PART A
(1 MARK) 7
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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51. Which of the following is a way to identify which Windows operating system is currently installed ? A. Click on Start > Run and type version/info B. Click on Start > Run and type version info/detail C. Right click My Computer > Manage D. Right click My Computer > Properties 52. In Windows XP, which of the following utilities is used to partition the disk ? A. Disk Management B. System Configuration Utility C. Registry Editor D. Device Manager 53. An older printer is connected to a computer using a parallel port. Which of the following connectors is MOST likely used on the computer's parallel port ? A. DB-50 connector B. DB-25 pin connector C. DB-9 pin connector D. DB-37 connector 54.Which of the following IP classes is the IP address 200.168.212.226 an example of A. Class C B. Class A C. Class B D. Class D 55.The standard connector used for an UTP Ethernet connection is: A. DB-9. B. RJ-45. C. BNC. D. RJ-11 56.A user reports that the computer keeps freezing. Which of the following information should the technician obtain FIRST ? A. The model number of the user's computer B. Windows Error Reporting Log C. The type of machine, whether it is a laptop or a desktop D. What the user was doing when the problem occurred 57.A user reports an issue that does not occur while the technician is onsite. Which of the following actions should the technician perform while troubleshooting this issue with the user ? A. Ask the user which web sites they have been viewing. B. Tell the user that the problem is usually related to user training. C. Ask the user a series of questions designed to narrow the scope of the problem. D. Tell the user that the technician will solve the problem quickly. 59.A computer will not perform power-on self test (POST), also no lights or sounds are emitted. Which of the following components should be checked FIRST ? A. Display adaptor B. Power supply C. RAM D. Motherboard 60. A technician observes that a computer's performance has decreased, and accessing large files takes more time than before. No additional programs are running, and system resource utilization is unchanged. Which of the following should the technician do to improve the computer's performance ? A. Format the hard drive B. Perform a system restore C. Add more RAM to the system D. Defragment the hard drive 61.Which of the following expansion interfaces can be used to plug into a wireless network adapter and provide wireless network access for a laptop computer ? A. PCMCIA B. Serial C. LAN D. PCI 62. Which of the following are major components of an LCD ? (Select TWO). A. Video card B. Screen C. Inverter D. Brightness E. Contrast 63. Which of the following Windows commands can be entered to display the working directory ? 8 Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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A. TREE B. CD C. CHKDSK D. RMDIR 64. A computer running Windows XP has three primary partitions and an extended partition. Which of the following partitions can be added with Disk Management Tools when creating another partition ? A. A primary partition B. An enhanced partition C. An extended partition D. A logical partition 65. Which of the following commands is used when trying to write a new boot sector to the system partition when using the Windows XP Recovery Console ? A. FIXMRB B. FIXBOOT C. BOOTCFG D. FORMAT 66.Which of the following should be replaced in a laser printer when documents have lines through the text ? A. Toner cartridge B. Heads C. Drum D. Cylinder 67. Fiber optic cable uses which of the following connectors to transmit signals ? A. BNC B. MT-RJ C. RJ-11 D. RJ-45 68.A technician is diagnosing a customer's computer and observes that the computer is sluggish and unresponsive. Which of the following actions should the technician take ? A. Explain to the customer that the computer is outdated and the technician needs to take it back to the shop to fix it. B. Explain the problem to the customer and show the customer how to defragment the system. C. Perform a system restore on the computer. D. Explain the problem to the customer in basic terms and recommend a solution. 69.Load address for the first word of the program is called A. Linker address origin B. load address origin C. Phase library D absolute library 70.Symbolic names can be associated with A . Information B. data or instruction C. operand D. mnemonic operation ANSWER: 51 52 53 D D B
54 A
55 B
56 D
57 C
58 B
59 D
60 A
61 B
62 B
63 D
64 B
65 C
PART B
66 B
67 D
68 69 70 B B A
(2 MARK)
71. Differentiate synchronous communication and iso-synchronous communication. Synchronous communication When a byte or a frame of the data is received or transmitted at constant time intervals with uniform phase difference, the communication is called synchronous communication. Iso-synchronous communication Iso-synchronous communication is a special case when the maximum time interval can be varied. 72. What are the two characteristics of synchronous communication? Bytes maintain a constant phase difference The clock is not always implicit to the synchronous data receiver. 9 Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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73. What are the three ways of communication for a device? •
Iso-synchronous communication
•
synchronous communication
•
Asynchronous communication
74. Expand a) SPI b) SCI SPI—serial Peripheral Interface SCI—Serial Communication Interface 75. Define software timer. This is software that executes and increases or decreases a count variable on an interrupt from a timer output or form a real time clock interrupt. A software timer can also generate interrupt on overflow of count value or on finishing value of the count variable. 76. What is I2C? I2C is a serial bus for interconnecting ICs .It has a start bit and a stop bit like an UART. It has seven fields for start,7 bit address, defining a read or a write, defining byte as acknowledging byte, data byte, NACK and end. 77. What are the bits in I2C corresponding to? It has seven fields for start,7 bit address, defining a read or a write, defining byte as acknowledging byte, data byte, NACK and end.
78. What is a CAN bus? Where is it used? CAN is a serial bus for interconnecting a central Control network. It is mostly used in automobiles. It has fields for bus arbitration bits, control bits for address and data length data 79. What is USB? Where is it used? USB is a serial bus for interconnecting a system. It attaches and detaches a device from the network. It uses a root hub. Nodes containing the devices can be organized like a tree structure. It is mostly used in networking the IO devices like scanner in a computer system. 80. What are the features of the USB protocol? A device can be attached, configured and used, reset, reconfigured and used, share the bandwidth with other devices, detached and reattached. 81. Explain briefly about PCI and PCI/X buses. PCI and PCI/X buses are independent from the IBM architecture .PCI/X is an extension of PCI and support 64/100 MHZ transfers. Lately, new versions have been introduced for the 10
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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PCI bus architecture. 82.Why are SPCI parallel buses important? SPCI serial buses are important for distributed devices. The latest high speed sophisticated systems use new sophisticated buses. 83. What is meant by UART? UART stands for universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. UART is a hardware component for translating the data between parallel and serial interfaces. UART does convert bytes of data to and from asynchronous start stop bit. UART is normally used in MODEM. 84. What does UART contain? •
A clock generator.
•
Input and Output start Registers
•
Buffers.
•
Transmitter/Receiver control.
85. What is meant by HDLC? HDLC stands for High Level Data Link Control . HDLC is a bit oriented protocol. HDLC is a synchronous data Link layer. 86. Name the HDLC’s frame structure? Flag Address Control Data FCS Flag 87. List out the states of timer? There are eleven states as follows a. Reset state b. Idle state c. Present state d. Over flow state e. Over run state f. Running state g. Reset enabled state / disabled h. Finished state i.
Load enabled / disabled 11
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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Auto reload enabled / disabled
k. Service routine execution enabled / disabled 88. Name some control bit of timer? Timer Enable Timer start Up count Enable Timer Interrupt Enable 89. What is meant by status flag? Status flag is the hardware signal to be set when the timer reaches zeros. 100. List out some applications of timer devices? •
Real Time clock
•
Watchdog timer
•
Input pulse counting
•
TDM
•
Scheduling of various tasks
101. Draw the data frame format of CAN? Start Arbitration field Control field Data field CRC field Acknowledgement field End of frame 1 12 6 0-64 16 2 7 102. What is the need of Advanced Serial High Speed Buses? If the speed in the rate of ‘Gigabits per second’ then there is a need of Advanced Serial High Speed Buses. 103. What is meant by ISA? •
ISA stands for Industry standard Architecture.
•
Used for connecting devices following IO addresses and interrupts vectors as per
•
IBM pc architecture. 12
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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104. Define half-duplex communication. Transmission occurs in both the direction, but not simultaneously. 105. Define full duplex communication. Transmission occurs in both the direction, simultaneously 106. Define Real Time Clock (RTC)? Real time clock is a clock which once the system stats does not stop and cant be reset and its count value cant be reloaded. 107. Define Time-out or Time Overflow? A state in which the number of count inputs exceeded the last acquirable value and on reaching that state, an interrupt can be generated. 108. Why do we need at least one timer in an ES? The embedded system needs at least on timer device. It is used as a system clock. PART C
( 16 MARK)
109.Explain the parallel port devices. 110.Explain the types of UART. 111.Describe in detail about Synchro, ISO-Synchro and Asynchronous comm for serial device. 112.Give some Examples of Internal Serial Communication. 113.Explain Memory & IO Devices Interfacing . UNIT III PROCESSES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS PART A
(1 MARK)
114. The translator which perform macro expansion is called a A.
Macro processor B. Macro pre-processor
C. Micro pre-processor
D. assembler
115. A program in execution is called A. Process
B. Instruction
C. Procedure
D. Function
116. Interval between the time of submission and completion of the job is called A. Waiting time
B. Turnaround time
C. Throughput
D. Response time
117. A scheduler which selects processes from secondary storage device is called A Short term scheduler.
B Long term scheduler.
C Medium term scheduler. D Process scheduler. 118. The scheduling in which CPU is allocated to the process with least CPU-burst time 13
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK (A) Priority Scheduling
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(D) Multilevel Queue Scheduling 119. Memory utilization factor shall be computed as follows (A) memory in use/allocated memory.
(B) memory in use/total memory connected.
(C) memory allocated/free existing memory. (D) memory committed/total memory available. 120. Memory utilization factor shall be computed as follows (A) memory in use/allocated memory.
(B) memory in use/total memory connected.
(C) memory allocated/free existing memory. (D) memory committed/total memory available. 121. Which of the following is not a fundamental process state (A) ready (B) terminated (C) executing
(D) blocked
122. Poor response time is usually caused by (A)
Process busy (B)
High I/O rates (C)
High paging rates (D)
Any of the above
123. Throughput” of a system is (A)
Number of programs processed by it per unit time
(B)
Number of times the program is invoked by the system
(C)
Number of requests made to a program by the system
(D)
None of the above
124. Nested Macro calls are expanded using the (A)
FIFO rule (First in first out) (B) LIFO (Last in First out)
(C) FILO rule (First in last out)D) None 125. Which scheduling policy is most suitable for a time-shared operating system (A) Shortest-job First.
(B) Elevator.
C) Round-Robin.
126.Amacrodefinitionconsistsof (A) A macro prototype statement
(B) One or more model statements
(C) Macro pre-processor statements
(D) All of the above.
127. The main reason to encrypt a file is to ______________. (A) Reduce its size
(B) Secure it for transmission
(C) Prepare it for backup
(D) Include it in the start-up sequence
128. Jobs which are admitted to the system for processing is called (A) long-term scheduling
(B) short-term scheduling
(C) medium-term scheduling
(D) queuing 14
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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129. Relocation bits used by relocating loader are specified by (A) Relocating loader itself
(B) Assembler or Translator
(C) Macro processor
(D) Both (A) and (B)
130. Virtual memory can be implemented with (A) Segmentation
(B) Paging
(C) None
(D) all of the above
ANSWER: 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 B
A
B
C
B
B
C
D
D
A
PART B
B
C
D
D
A
A
B
(2 MARK)
131. What are the states of a process? a. Running b. Ready c. Waiting 132. What is the function in steady state? Processes which are ready to run but are not currently using the processor are in the 'ready' state.
133. Define scheduling. This is defined as a process of selection which says that a process has the right to use the processor at given time. 134. What is scheduling policy? It says the way in which processes are chosen to get promotion from ready state to running state. 135. Define hyper period? It refers the duration of time considered and also it is the least common multiple of all the processes. 136. What is schedulability? It indicates any execution schedule is there for a collection of process in the system's functionality. 137. What are the types of scheduling? 1. Time division multiple access scheduling. 15
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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2. Round robin scheduling. 138. What is cyclostatic scheduling? In this type of scheduling, interval is the length of hyper period 'H'. For this interval, a cyclostatic schedule is separated into equal sized time slots. 139. Define round robin scheduling? This type of scheduling also employs the hyperperiod as an interval. The processes are run in the given order. 140. What is scheduling overhead? It is defined as time of execution needed to select the next execution process. 141. What is meant by context switching? The actual process of changing from one task to another is called a context switch. 142. Define priority scheduling? A simple scheduler maintains a priority queue of processes that are in the runnable state. 143. What is rate monotonic scheduling? Rate monotonic scheduling is an approach that is used to assign task priority for a preemptive system. 144. What is critical instant? It is the situation in which the process or task posses’ highest response time. 145. What is critical instant analysis? It is used to know about the schedule of a system. Its says that based on the periods given, the priorities to the processes has to be assigned. 146. Define earliest deadline first scheduling? This type of scheduling is another task priority policy that uses the nearest deadline as the criterion for assigning the task priority. 147. What is IDC mechanism? It is necessary for a 'process to get communicate with other process' in order to attain a specific application in an operating system. 148. What are the two types of communication? 1. Blocking communication 2. Non blocking communication 149. Give the different styles of inter process communication? 1. Shared memory. 2. Message passing. 16
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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PART C(16 MARK QUESTIONS) 150.Explain Multiple Tasks and Multiple Processes? 151.Explain Context Switching? 152.Explain Scheduling policies? 153.Explain Inter process Communication Mechanism? 154.Explain Shared Memory Communication and Message-Based Communication?
UNIT IV EMBEDDED SOFTWARE PART A 155.
1)
Round
(1 MARK) robin
scheduling
A.FIFO
B.Shortestjobfirst
156.A pagefault
occurs
is
essentially
the
C.Shortesremaining
A.when the page is not in the memory C. when the process enters the blocked state
preemptive
version
of
________.
D .Longest time first
B. when
the
page is in the memory
D. when the process is in the ready state
157. 3) Which of the following will determine your choice of systems software for your computer? A Is the applications software you want to use compatible with it ? C Is it compatible with your hardware ?
B Is it expensive ?
D Both 1 and 3
158. 4) Let S and Q be two semaphores initialized to 1, where P0 and P1 processes the following statements wait(S);wait(Q); ---; signal(S);signal(Q) and wait(Q); wait(S);---;signal(Q);signal(S); respectively.
The
above
A .Semaphore
B. Deadlock
C. Signal
situation
depicts
a
_________
.
D .Interrupt
159.What is a shell ? A .It is a hardware component
B. It is a command interpreter
C. It is a part in compiler
D .It is a tool in CPU scheduling
160. 6) Routine is not loaded until it is called. All routines are kept on disk in a relocatable load format. The main program is loaded into memory & is executed. This type of loading iscalled_________ A. Static loading B) Dynamic loading
C) .Dynamic linking D) Overlays
161. In the blocked state A. the processes waiting for I/O are found
B .the process which is running is found
C .the processes waiting for the processor are found D. none of the above 162. What is the memory from 1K - 640K called ? A. Extended Memory B. Normal Memory
C. Low Memory 17
D .Conventional Memory Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
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163. Virtual memory is __________. A. An extremely large main memory
B .An extremely large secondary memory
C. An illusion of extremely large main memory D .A type of memory used in super computers. 164. The process related to process control, file management, device management, information about system and communication that is requested by any higher level language can be performed by __________. A.. Editors
B.. Compilers
C. System Call
D. Caching
165. If the Disk head is located initially at 32, find the number of disk moves required with FCFS if the disk
queue
of
A. 310
I/O
blocks
B .324
requests
C .315
are
98,37,14,124,65,67.
D .321
166. Multiprogramming systems ________. A .Are easier to develop than single programming systems C. Execute more jobs in the same time
B .Execute each job faster D. Are used only on large main frame computers
167. Which is not the state of the process ? A. Blocked
B .Running
C. Ready
D. Privileged
168. The solution to Critical Section Problem is : Mutual Exclusion, Progress and Bounded Waiting. A. The statement is false
B. The statement is true.
C. The statement is contradictory.
D. None of the above 169. The problem of thrashing is effected scientifically by ________. A. Program structure B. Program size 170.
The
state
of
a
C. Primary storage size
process
after
A.Ready 171.
The
it
encounters
an
D. None of the above I/O
B.Blocked/Waiting number
A. Output
of
processes
completed
per
B. Throughput
instruction
is
C.Idle unit
time
C. Efficiency
is
known
__________. D.Running
as
__________.
D.Capacity
172. _________ is the situation in which a process is waiting on another process,which is also waiting on another process ... which is waiting on the first process. None of the processes involved in this circular wait A. Deadlock
are B.Starvation
making C. Dormant
progress.
D. None of the above
173. Which of the following file name extension suggests that the file is Backup copy of anotherfile? A. TXT
B. COM
C. BAS
D. BAK
174. Which technique was introduced because a single job could not keep both the CPU and the I/O devices busy? 18
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK A .Time-sharing
III - CSE B .SPOOLing
C .Preemptive scheduling D . Multiprogramming
ANSWER: 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 B
A
B
C
B
B
C
D
D
A
B
C
D
D
PART B
A
A
B
(2 MARK)
175.Name the important terms of RTOS? Task State Scheduler Shared data Reentrancy 176. Define process. Process is a computational unit that processes on a CPU under the control of a scheduling kernel of an OS. It has a process structure, called Process control block. A process defines a sequentially executing program and its state. 177. What is meant by PCB? Process Control Block’ is abbreviated as PCB.PCB is a data structure which contains all the information and components regarding with the process. 178. What is rate monotonic scheduling? Rate monotonic scheduling is an approach that is used to assign task priority for a preemptive system. 179. What is critical instant? It is the situation in which the process or task posses’ highest response time. 180. Define task and Task state. A task is a set of computations or actions that processes on a CPU under the control of a scheduling kernel. It also has a process control structure called a task control block that saves at the memory. It has a unique ID. It has states in the system as follows: idle, ready, running,blocked and finished 181. Define Task Control Block (TCB) A memory block that holds information of program counter, memory map, the signal dispatch table, signal mask, task ID, CPU state and a kernel stack. 182. What is a thread? 19
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK
III - CSE
Thread is a concept in Java and UNIX and it is a light weight sub process or process in an application program. It is controlled by the OS kernel. It has a process structure, called thread stack, at the memory. It has a unique ID .It have states in the system as follows: stating, running,blocked and finished. 183. Define Inter process communication. An output from one task passed to another task through the scheduler and use of signals, exception, semaphore, queues, mailbox, pipes, sockets, and RPC.
184. What is shared data problem? If a variable is used in two different processes and another task if interrupts before the operation on that data is completed then the value of the variable may differ from the one expected if the earlier operation had been completed .This ids known as shared data problem. 185. Define Semaphore. Semaphore provides a mechanism to let a task wait till another finishes. It is a way of synchronizing concurrent processing operations. When a semaphore is taken by a task then that task has access to the necessary resources. When given the resources unlock. Semaphore can be used as an event flag or as a resource key. 185. Define Mutex. A phenomenon for solving the shared data problem is known as semaphore. Mutex is a semaphore that gives at an instance two tasks mutually exclusive access to resources. 186. Differentiate counting semaphore and binary semaphore. Binary semaphore When the value of binary semaphore is one it is assumed that no task has taken it and that it has been released. When the value is 0 it is assumed that it has been taken. Counting semaphore Counting semaphore is a semaphore which can be taken and given number of times. Counting semaphores are unsigned integers. 187. What is Priority inversion? A problem in which a low priority task inadvertently does not release the process for a higher priority task. 188. What is Deadlock situation? A set of processes or threads is deadlocked when each process or thread is waiting for a resource to be freed which is controlled by another process. 20
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK
III - CSE
189. Define Message Queue. A task sending the multiple FIFO or priority messages into a queue for use by another task using queue messages as an input. 190. Define Mailbox and Pipe. A message or message pointer from a task that is addressed to another task. 191. Define Socket. It provides the logical link using a protocol between the tasks in a client server or peer to peer environment. 192. Define Remote Procedure Call. A method used for connecting two remotely placed methods by using a protocol. Both systems work in the peer to peer communication mode and not in the client server mode. 193. What are the goals of RTOS? •
Facilitating easy sharing of resources
•
Facilitating easy implantation of the application software
•
Maximizing system performance
•
Providing management functions for the processes, memory, and I/Os and for other
•
functions for which it is designed.
•
Providing management and organization functions for the devices and files and file
•
Portability
•
Interoperability
•
Providing common set of interfaces.
194. What is RTOS? An RTOS is an OS for response time controlled and event controlled processes. RTOS is an OS for embedded systems, as these have real time programming issues to solve. 195. List the functions of a kernel. •
Process management
•
Process creation to deletion
•
Processing resource requests
•
Scheduling
•
IPC
•
Memory management
•
I/O management 21
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK •
III - CSE
Device management
196. What are the two methods by which a running requests resources? Message System call 197. What are the functions of device manager? •
Device detection and addition
•
Device deletion
•
Device allocation and registration
•
Detaching and deregistration
•
Device sharing
198. List the set of OS command functions for a device
Create and open
Write
Read
Close and delete
199. List the set of command functions of POSIX file system
Open
Write
Read
Seek
Close
200. What are the three methods by which an RTOS responds to a hardware source call on interrupt? •
Direct call to ISR by an interrupt source
•
Direct call to RTOS by an interrupt source and temporary suspension of a
•
Direct call to RTOS by an interrupt source and scheduling of tasks as well as ISRs by the
Scheduled task.
RTOS. 201. Name any two important RTOS.
MUCOS
VxWorks
202. Write short notes on Vxworks? 22
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK
III - CSE
Vxworks is a popular Real-time multi-tasking operating system for embedded Microprocessors and systems.
Vxworks can run on many target processors.
It is a UNIX like Real time operating system.
More Reliable
More faster
203. What is meant by well tested and debugged RTOS? An RTOS which is thoroughly tested and debugged in a number of situations. 204. What is sophisticated multitasking embedded system? A system that has multitasking needs with multiple features and in which the tasks have deadlines that must be adhered to. 205. What are the features of UC/OS II? •
Preemptive
•
Portable
•
Scalable
•
Multitasking
206. What is MICRO C/OS II? •
It stands for micro-controller operating system(UC/OS II).
•
It is a real time kernel
207. What are the real time system level functions in UC/OS II? State some? 1 Initiating the OS before starting the use of the RTOS fuctions. 2 Starting the use of RTOS multi-tasking functions and running the states. 3 Starting the use of RTOS system clock. 208. Write the interrupt handling functions? int connect ( ) is the function for handling the Interrupt. int Lock ( ) -> Disable Interrupts. int unlock( ) -> Enable functions. 209. Write down the seven task priorities in embedded 'C++'?. define Task _Read ports priority define Task _Excess Refund priority define Task _Deliver priority define Task _Refund priority 23
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK
III - CSE
define Task _Collect priority define Task _Display priority define Task _Time Date Display priority 210. Name any two mailbox related functions. •
OS_Event *OSMboxCreate(void *mboxMsg)
•
Void *OSMboxAccept(OS_EVENT *mboxMsg)
211. Name any two queue related functions for the inter task communications. •
OS_Event OSQCreate(void **QTop,unsigned byte qSize)
•
Unsigned byte OSQPostFront(OS_EVENT *QMsgPointer,void *qmsg)
212. How is Vx Works TCB helpful for tasks? •
Provide control information for the OS that includes priority, stack size, state and Options.
•
CPU context of the task that includes PC, SP, CPU registers and task variables.
213. What are the various features of Vx Works? •
VxWorks is a scalable OS
•
RTOS hierarchy includes timers, signals, TCP/IP sockets, queuing functions Library, Berkeley ports and sockets, pipes, UNIX compatible loader, language interpreter, shell,
•
debugging tools, linking loader for UNIX.
214. What is an active task in the context of Vx Works? Active task means that it is in one of the three states, ready, running, or waiting. 215. What are the task service functions supported by Vx Works?
•
•
taskSpawn()
•
taskResume()
•
taskSuspand()
•
taskDelay()
•
taskSuspand()
•
taskInit()
•
exit()
taskDelete() PART C
( 16 MARK)
216.Explain the goals of operating system services. 217.Explain the three alternative systems in three RTOS for responding a hardware 24
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK
III - CSE
source call with the diagram. 218.Explain the scheduler in which RTOS insert into the list and the ready task for sequential execution in a co-operative round robin model. 219.Explain the use of Semaphores for a Task or for the Critical Sections of a Task. 220. Explain the Rate Monotonic Co-operative scheduling. 221.Explain the features of Vx Works. 222.Explain the RTOS programming tool MicroC/OS-II. 223.Explain RTOS system level functions with an example.
UNIT V EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PART A
(1 MARK)
224. In a virtual memory system, the addresses used by the programmer belongs to (A) memory space.
(B) physical addresses. (C) address space.
(D) main memory address.
225. The method for updating the main memory as soon as a word is removed from the
Cache is
called (A) Write-through
(B) write-back
(C) protected write
(D) cache-write
226. A control character is sent at the beginning as well as at the end of each block in the synchronoustransmission in order to (A) Synchronize the clock of transmitter and receiver. (B) Supply information needed to separate the incoming bits into individual character. (C) Detect the error in transmission and received system. (D) Both (A) and (C). 227. In a non-vectored interrupt, the address of interrupt service routine is (A) Obtained from interrupt address table.
(B) Supplied by the interrupting I/O device.
(C) Obtained through Vector address generator device. (D) Assigned to a fixed memory location. 228. Which method is used for resolving data dependency conflict by the compiler itself? (A) Delayed load. (C) Pre fetch target instruction.
(B) operand forwarding. (D) loop buffer.
229. Stack overflow causes (A) Hardware interrupt (B) External interrupt. (C) Internal interrupt. (D) Software interrupt. 230. Arithmetic shift left operation (A) Produces the same result as obtained with logical shift left operation. 25
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK
III - CSE
(B) Causes the sign bit to remain always unchanged. (C) Needs additional hardware to preserve the sign bit. (D) Is not applicable for signed 2's complement representation. 231. Zero address instruction format is used for (A) RISC architecture.
(B) CISC architecture.
(C) Von-Neuman architecture. D) Stack-organized
architecture 232. Address symbol table is generated by the (A) memory management software. (B) assembler. (C) match logic of associative memory. (D) generated by operating system 233. The ASCII code for letter A is (A) 1100011
(B) 1000001
(C) 1111111
(D) 0010011
234. The negative numbers in the binary system can be represented by (A)
Sign magnitude
(B)
I's complement
(C)
2's complement
(D)
All of the above
235. How many different addresses are required by the memory that contain 16K words? (A)16,380
(B) 16,382
(C)16,384
(D) 16,386
236. What is the bit storage capacity of a ROM with a 512' 4-organization? (A) 2049
(B) 2048
(C) 2047
(D) 2046
237. DMA interface unit eliminates the need to use CPU registers to transfer data from (A) MAR to MBR (B) MBR to MAR (C) I/O units to memory (D) Memory to I/O units 238. Which of the following is a self complementing code? (A) 8421 code
(B) 5211
(C) Gray code
(D) Binary code
239. Which gate can be used as anti-coincidence detector? (A) X-NOR
(B) NAND
(C) X-OR
(D) NOR
240. Which gate can be used as anti-coincidence detector? (A) X-NOR
(B) NAND
(C) X-OR
(D) NOR
241. In 8085 microprocessor how many I/O devices can be interfaced in I/O mapped I/O technique? (A) Either 256 input devices or 256 output devices.
(B) 256 I/O devices.
(C) 256 input devices & 256 output devices.
(D) 512 input-output devices.
242. Which is true for a typical RISC architecture? (A) Micro programmed control unit.
(B) Instruction takes multiple clock cycles.
(C) Have few registers in CPU.
(D) Emphasis on optimizing instruction pipelines. 26
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK
III - CSE
243. When an instruction is read from the memory, it is called (A) Memory Read cycle (B) Fetch cycle (C) Instruction cycle (D) Memory write cycle 244. Pseudo instructions are (A) Machine instructions
(B) Logical instructions
(C) Micro instructions
(D) instructions to assembler.
245. An attempt to access a location not owned by a Program is called (A) Bus conflict
(B) Address fault
(C) Page fault (D) Operating system fault
ANSWER: 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 C
B
D
D
D
B
B
C
C
B
D
A
C
PART B
C
B
B
A
B C D
(2 MARK)
246.What is a PIC? PIC refers to Programmable Intelligent Computer. PIC is microprocessor lies inside a personal computer but significantly simpler, smaller and cheaper. It can be used for operating relays, measuring sensors etc.
247.What are the main elements inside a PIC? Processing engine, Program memory, data memory and Input/Output. 248. What are the types of program memory in a PIC? Read-only, EPROM and EEPROM, Flash 249. What is MBasic Compiler Software? From version 5.3.0.0 onward, Basic Micro offers one version of its MBasic compiler, the “Professional” version. MBasic runs under Microsoft’s Windows operating system in any version from Windows 95 to Windows XP. The computer requires an RS-232 port for connection to the ISP-PRO programmer board. 250. Define pseudo-code. Pseudo-code is a useful tool when developing an idea before writing a line of true code or when explaining how a particular procedure or function or even an entire program 251.Name any four interrupt service functions supported by Vx Works? •
intLock() 27
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK •
intVectSet()
•
intVectGet()
III - CSE
252. Name some of the inter process communication function. •
semBCreate()
•
semMCreate()
•
semCCreate()
•
semTake()
•
semDelete()
253. Name some of the inter process communication function used for messaging. •
msgQCreate()
•
msgQDelete()
•
msgQSend()
•
msgQReceive()
254. What are Vx Works pipes? VxWorks pipes are thec queues that can be opened and closed like a pipe.pipes are like virtual IO devices that store the messages as FIFO.
255. What are the different types of scheduling supported by Vx Works? •
Preemptive priority
•
Time slicing
256. What are the task service functions supported by MUCOS? • Void OSInit (void) • Void OSStart(void) • voidOSTickInit(void) • void OSIntEnter(void) • void OSIntExit(void) 257.What are the semaphores related functions supported by MUCOS? •
OS_Event OSSemCreate(unsigned short sem val)
•
Void OSSemPend(OS_Event *eventPointer,unsigned short timeout,unsigned byte
•
*SemErrPointer)
28
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
QUESTION BANK
III - CSE
PART C
(16 MARK)
255.Write in detail about MUCOS and it’s features with a suitable example. 256. Write in detail about VxWorks and it’s features with a suitable example. 257. How will you design a application for Automatic Chocolate Vending Machine in detail. 258. How will you design a application for sending Application Layer Byte Stream on a TCP/IP Network in detail. (Write with design and code.) 259. How will you design a application for Adaptive Cruise Control System in Car in detail.(Write with design and code.) 260. How will you design a application to create a Smart Card in detail. (Write with design and code.) 261. Explain about the same case study but more stress on the functions for semaphores and the code for it. 262. How does an RTOS semaphore protect data? Explain by giving example. 263. Draw and explain basic system of an Automatic chocolate vending system 264. Discuss with the diagram task synchronization model for a specific application 265. i) Explain the case study of an embedded system for a smart card. ii) Explain the features of VxWorks.
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29
Mrs.A.AMBIKA ASST.PROFESSOR/CSE
