data communications, computer networks and open systems

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THIRD EDITION

DATA COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTER NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEMS FRED HALSALL Newbridge Professor of Communications Engineering, University of Wales, Swansea

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Contents Preface

V

PART ONE DATA COMMUNICATIONS

1

Chapter 1 Data communication networks and open system standards 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Background Data communication networks Standards ISO Reference Model Open system standards Summary

Chapter 2 The electrical interface 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Introduction Transmission media Attenuation and distortion sources Signal types Signal propagation delay Public carrier circuits Physical layer interface standards

Chapter 3 Data transmission 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

3.8

Introduction Data transmission basics Asynchronous transmission Synchronous transmission Error detection methods Data compression Transmission control circuits Communications control devices -

Chapter 4 Protocol basics 4.1;«• Introduction 4.2 Error control 4.3 Idle RQ 4.4 Continuous RQ 4.5 Link management

4 6 10 12 18 21

23 24 25 32 38 47 49 60

73 74 75 84 89 102 113 129 131

143 144 . 144 145 164 187

CONTENTS

Chapter 5 Data link control protocols 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

Introduction Application environments Character-oriented protocols Bit-oriented protocols

195 -

196 197 200 216

PART TWO COMPUTER NETWORKS

249

Chapter 6 Local area networks

251

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

Introduction Selection issues Local area network types Protocols Performance

Chapter 7 High-speed and bridged local area networks 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7

Introduction Interconnection methods High-speed LANs and MANs Bridges Transparent bridges Source routing bridges Performance issues

Chapter 8 Wide area networks 8.1 8.2 8.3 -• 8.4 8.5 8.6

Introduction Characteristics of public data networks Packet-switched data networks Circuit-switched data networks Integrated services digital networks Private networks

Chapter 9 Internetworking

.

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8

Introduction Internetwork architectures Internetworking issues Network layer structure Internet protocol standards Internet IP The ISO Internet Protocol ISOjouting.protocols

252 252 266 295 301

307 308 308 310 324 327 344 354

373 374 374 379 409 413 424

431 432 434 435 441 443 444 467 489

CONTENTS

PART THREE

OPEN SYSTEMS

505

Chapter 10 Transport protocols 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7

507

Introduction User datagram protocol Transmission control protocol OSI protocols Service definition Protocol specification Transport layer

508 509 512 521 524 531 536

Chapter 11 Application support protocols 11.1 11.2 , 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10

563

Introduction Session layer Presentation layer ASN.l Data encryption Presentation protocol Association control service element Remote operations service element Commitment concurrency and recovery Reliable transfer service element

564 567 576 579 588 599 604 607 610 617

Chapter 12 Application-specific protocols 12.1 12.2 12.3

Introduction TCP/IP application protocols ISO application protocols

623 624 626 642

*

Chapter 13 System aspects 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6

Introduction Directory services Example OSI environments Layer interactions Implementation issues Related standards

xi

681 \

682 682 699 702 718 730

Appendix A Forward error control

737

Appendix B Transmission control circuits

747

Appendix C Summary of standards organizations

753

Appendix D Glossary of terms and abbreviations

754

Bibliography and further reading Index

761 767