DAxML: A Program for Distributed Computation ... - Scientific Computing


  
     "!#%$ & ('"!)*+, -/.102#3*4#526879 #%#%;:#%$+* ?=$+ *4=#%$ &A@;B :A
C D%EGF2HJILKNMPORQTSVUWNXZY[I\]I^Y[Iik_agN`GScMPbeuVdN`Gf vTwIdhORI_ZKNghM1Sjikx3`lILKhORMPILFEGORM1\/f"F`GFF`GO2FbmO2dNb f"`on[pNILFErq3YsY2bmdNt5pNQL\]ILS y/z|{[}s~ZT‘„€ƒˆ}[‹‚„žRƒ|š…†‚„ZZ€ˆT‡mŠŸ{RŒ‰‹‰cŠŒ a€Ž¡—a‘„¢e’r£e¤2“•¥m”Z¢T¦5€ˆ}–‚~N‰‹—T}s~Z˜j€ˆ{[T™a§=‚2¨h‰Œ‹ Zš=“ª{[”Z^© T}–‘„~T’r{[›>h—a‘„š=¦j{R™Z‰‹”Tš‹{–‚‰†œL}[€ˆ{[T}[{  «e¬­®R¯a®„­®2°±²m³2´^µ^¶e·c¯Z¶¸±º¹„­m­c¯P³h±¯Z¶³¶e·e»T¼2½³2´k¾­„¿¯¾µ^¶ ÅÇÆ ”ZšÍ™L‰‹{[Ìj}s~{[”TŒÈÊ{[É%Z~T‚2‰‹{[ƒ€ˆŠ>š=…j{R‰ZÀm€ˆÎZ‡mÀm{R{–Àmƒl‰‹ÏÁ ŠŒ¹„€ˆ¡„µ^^¥e¶Â—L¢L¾Œ˜5—JÃeЄ{[¬|ÑL™a¾Ò2‚2­eÓ‰Œ¿‹ÔÖ¯>š=¾ÄÕj¶e{[{[µe^€¿ÏL{[‘„ƒˆ’¨P›>{R‰‹‘e§Tš=—P™Z¦j”L{R‹‰‹{Rš‰†‚„œL^}R €{RZ}[{ Ë ­e»L¹R¯a®^¬|¾Ÿ²2¿^µ ³×m½³2´^ع·2¯a®„­L³[°r¾Ê¿m´T³mÙ2»¶³µ¶^² ¶m·m×¾µ¶ Ú^Û À ¬|¾Œ³ À ·Â¾Ê¿m´T³eÙ2»¶³µ^¶m² Á ¶e·m×¾µ^¶ Á ™P‘Ü’‘݉ŒÏZsÞ[‚2‚„ß[s^à2‚åáak‚ℙTaße‰‹ãÏ֑e§Ն‹‰‹~Z{[€{槄ŠŒŠ>~%}[€ˆ‘„™P)š={R‹‰Œ™Z~T’o‘ƒˆ{{R‰‹çLäaš€Ž{[Ä‚„ƒ=Ï)Z‘}R‘’h{>’J‹}[§e~T‘„{[{jš=T”Z‘e™Zš=Z”TÏT‹{€ˆ{RT‚‰‹§ƒŽaL‚€€ˆ3ZƒˆL§3¨ZŠŒ€ˆ€ˆ‚„Š[‘„ƒˆ ^€§„L˜5‘„’o‰‹‘”T€Ž‰‹‹{š~Z‹š=‘j‚‹Š‹€ˆ~Z}[šŠÂ{‚~a~^‚”TÖŠ|§eƒˆ{™T{c‰‹ÏV‚„‘„š=‹¨Z‘†‘„ƒˆ{[”Z€ˆš=šÖ^ŠÈ }c‚"‘eTƒˆ1—r¨P{=‚1ŠŒ™T‘e‰‹ƒˆ‘„‡m§„{cÏ4‰s‚„š¨^’G”Z‘„ŠŒ‰€ˆZ‹§]~Z{ºŠŒ”TÏL™P€ŠŸ{RŒ‰‹‰‹}[€ˆ‘„¨Tš=”T‹™Z{c”TÏ ‹{–}[‰‹‘eŠ[š=  ˙T1”Ts‹‚~Z‹€ˆ€ˆŠ%‘„î™a‚‘„™P’%{R‰å{R‡mè>‘e{ƒˆ”T™T‹€ˆ‰‹‘„{[aŠŒ‚{[‰Œ^  Œè>é ‰‹‘„{[܉‹{RñŠ[ê| ŠŸëís˂?‹ì €ˆ‘e}[T‘eŠ^Œ€T‰s‚ŠŸ‹ŠŸ{c/‚e‹Ï3‘ï‘„’J™L‚‰‹€ˆ)‘„‰º{RçL‚™P™Z{[™TT‰‹ŠŒ‘e€ˆ‡m‚„{>}s~ZŠŒ{[”TŠ ™P{Ré ‰‹}[Ü‘eš=êhëí™T”Tì ‹{R‰c‰‹ ”ZÎTT‘„Š•‰Â‘e‹~Zð€ˆŠÂ‚ª™T”T}[ƒˆ‰‹”Z™PŠŸ‘e‹ŠŒ{R{k‰/è‘„{ ’ ŒT‰s‘‚‡eZ{[ŠŸƒL’o‚„‘‰‹ƒˆ§eš=‘{c‰‹€ˆÏǍ‹~Tò š=Ü€ˆ}ê|‘eëí™T‹ì €ˆš=—N‚€ˆžc‚2’o‚„‹€ŠŸ‘„%Z™ZŠ[‚—‰s€ˆ^‚„‹ƒˆƒˆ‘5{[ƒk‚j™ZÏL~^€ˆŠŸLŒƒˆ‰‹‘e€§e¨T{R”T‹/{cÏå™T‚„‰‹™T‘e§™Z‰sƒˆ€ˆ‚„}cšó‚‹€ˆ€ˆ‘eTN}[ ‘„‰‹™P‘‰s‚‹€ˆZ§ ”TšåŠŒ”Z{[ZŠ¸€ˆš=}c‚2‘‹ÏT€ˆ‘e{–º‰‹3€ˆǑ„¨L‘õĉs{[ÏT}RŒ{RÈʉj‘„‹‰‹‘€ˆ{[^‰‹‹{c{cÏLÏ%”Z}[š={%€ÏZ‹~ZÏL{僁{–ÏTè{R‚‡m‰‹{[{rƒˆ‘e€ˆZ™TŠŸš=‹{c{[‚„^Ï%5‘‚’aaš=Ï]{[šŠŒŠ‹‚„‚€ˆ§e^{R‹ÈÊ{[™Za‚„‚ŠŒZ銌€ˆ}[ZÜ{%§†}[ê|}[‘„ëô‘eŠŸšÖ‹Š[ì È   ‹™Pö ~T{R”L‘e‰Œ‰’GŠŒ‘„{§e‰‹‘mèš‚~Z‚ƒ|‘3Z€ˆŠ}[ÏT{‹‘V‘Ö‚Ta™T‘„ω‹r‘2~aŠŒ‡}[‚c€ÏT‚„‡mƒ{{‚„¨T銌”Z€ƒˆÜ™P€ŽÄ{Rê|‰‹ëô}R¨^‘eÇš=ì ‚„™Z‹™T”L‘=™Z‹‚僎{RL‰‹¨T€ŠkT‰‹‚§/‘mr‚„‚•‹Ï~Z~T‰s{[€ˆ‚„€Ž§e‰>T~TÏT§eÈÊ{V€ˆƒˆŠŒ{[™P‘‡m‘e’Â{RƒkŠ‹”Z‚ƒˆŠŒƒ÷‘e{R ^‚e‰‹ø1Ï1Š[—T{š€ˆ/{[‚Z™aaŠŒ‚2‚„”L‰Œ§„‰‹‹{[{†€ˆš=}[~T”Z{[€ƒ§„^‚~ ‰ ŠŒ{[{R^‰‹†‡ŠŸ€ˆ}[L{rŠŸ‹}c{[‚„šýƒˆƒˆ{cƒÏ {R‡mì>{[ë,ƒ|ƒˆ‘eùí‚eÏ]ú÷ì š‘e‚e‚„ÏZ‚„ë §e{R‚š=a{[‚„^§„†{cÏ ¨^ù €ˆö ƍ‹{R§„‰sû5‚ü‹ €ˆTì>§ë,‹~Tù {V™Tƒˆ‘m‰‹‚e‘2‡Ï]€ÏTš{[‚ŠNaŒ‰s‚„‚„§„T{[š=ŠŒ™a{[‚^‰ŒÈ ’GŠŒ”Z€ˆš=Z}–™Z‹ƒˆ€€ˆ‘„}[a€ŽÄ‚•ƒ€Ž‘„"’k€ˆÏT^€Ž‹‰‹{[{[§„}–‰s‹‚2ƒˆ‹€T€ˆ^§ ‹‘•‹~Z{ ö €ˆÆ ‹‘  ‚ÖË ‰‹Ç{c‚‹ƒŽ~ZÈÊè>€ˆŠ%‘„™a‰‹ƒ‚„Ϻ™P{–‚„‰3™T™Zè>ƒˆ€ˆ{}c‚ÏT‹{[€ˆš=‘e‘„Z‚„ŠŸZŒÏ/‰s‚~Z‹{å‘cè퍋~Z€Ž{ {[T~a‚Z}[{[Š‹~T{5™P{R‰Œ’o‘‰‹š‚„T}[ìr{%ë,‚„ZùÏŠŒ}c‚ƒl‚¨Z€ˆƒˆ€ŽÄ]‘’ é Üêhëíì   þ ÿ
 

 F ÷ORIL\/FujQLOR_%Q PYRpJF JORQ ‹FencYkIYkY–pNF† t !3# f "ÊtrF„n[pJKJ`oSRn[pJF !%KN%` $TFO'&  `YRpJ`lKY–pJ Ss`lY)I( Y*f gN( KNn[pJFK +ujQLOR_Ö`GSn2QTKNMPgNn2Y–FeM`GKY–pNF5ILO–FeIVQ hpJ`lvT,p |F'O ÷QLOR\]IKNnF -J`GQL`GK ÷QLOR\]I^YR`Gn„S . z~Z€ˆŠ4葉‹ñ,€Š"™Z‚‰Œ‹€‚„ƒˆƒŽ ŠŒ™P‘eZŠŒ‘‰‹{cÏ ”TaÏL{R‰4‹~Z{ï™T‰‹‘2õŸ{[}– Ë ˜ ò áZ0à /å
á 132 —V耎‹~Z€ˆ ‹~T{ ’Gš‰s‚‚„š=T}[{R{"è‘›>‰‹‘„ñ š=‘„™Z’º”T‹‹€ˆ~ZT5{ §ï4m€ˆ ›>‘eš=‚c™P‡e‚2{R‰‹‹€l{R‚0Z49}[8j{ðÉ Ìj{R̆èø ‘‰‹ñ Õ Æ ’o‘‰ ÉVz|‘e{Rš=}–~T™PZ{R€ˆ‹}c{[‚„Tƒ ž[—Zœ{–‹}[žR€ˆ{[è^{R‹‰‹€Žñïäa}?’‹”L© Õj‰Ç€ˆ§ez|7~ {[}s~Z6¸Z{–€ˆ‰ŒŠŒ’o}s‘„~T‰ŒÈÈ ø’o”Ta€ˆŠŒÏTŠŒ{[{[ÏZŠŒ¨^}s~a‚2š=’G‹{cƒˆ€ˆ‚„}–T~TŠ{[ŠÇ‘„3’ Õj4„‘^Õj}s €ˆ~T§eÈ~LÈĔZzhZ{[Ïð}–~LÕåÈ ‘e© }sö~Z{[ZŠŸ‹ŠŒƒˆ€ˆ{[‡m€ˆ{ŠŸË ‹”ZT‚cm§e{RŠŸú ‰‹‰‹{[
 }s4L~Z  T{[ð€  ‚[^{R‰‹ ü  †É ö ̆ø Ë Õ Æ €ˆŠ ö:  

`lKîQLO[MPFO)YRQ4MJF„S–`lvTK KJQ$TFE NIO[IEGEGFEIKNMïMP`oS‹YRO–` -JgPYRF„M S SsY–F„\/SÖITSåujFEGEILSÖILElvTQLOR`YRpJ\]S ÷QLOæEoIORvLF0&ŸSRnILElF Np EGQLvTFKJFY–`on "÷F $LQLEGgPYR`lQTKNIO +rY–ORFFånQL\ JgPY[I^YR`lQTKNS -NITSsFeM]QLK/YRpJF)\/IH & `l\gJ\AEG`l_TFEG`lpNQZQPM\/F2Y–pNQaMW vTIKNU`GS–p\]SjElQTILvLKNFMÇKNF2ILY–O–`oF)nnY–ILORFEGnFegJSEGIMPY–FeFeS–MºnO–gN` -hS–`lFºKNvY–pJ`GFºK÷ORQLFOREo\]I^YRI^`%$TYR`lF]QTK F0$T÷QLORQLEGgP\óY–`GQLY–KNpNILF`GO OVvLMPF`GKNSsF2YRY–IL`oKNn)n2SsFeF S T-|gNFF2Y‹KNujnF„FS„F„WaK t5QLpNO'F & OQkIåK]D QTO–"÷ORvZ%` I-|KJQT`oS–S–QL\/\]SIvLE FVKNF2` -|Y–`oQ n%%S–ghF Zn2EGgJFF„`on=KNn2D3F)n2I`oMKN+jM/`o`oSVSI/YRpJMPF`GORSsF Y–÷`GQTKJO–vTFågJ`GIS–PpJY FeMÂ÷QTdPOjpJMJ`GvLF2pJY–F„E O–\/n2`GQTKJKN`GS–KJFvO $LF0F„$TMºQLEGO–gPF„Y–vL`GQL`GQLKK & IO O–F„EGIY–`GQLKNS–pJ` NS„W qågJO5u†QTO–_]ORFEG`lFeS5QLK4SsF ZgJFKNnF=MJI^Y[I NO–Q $a`oMPF„M - Y–pJF=D "ÊikIY–`GKd –IL'O -|QLO YRO–F„)F +O å D &ŒSsF ZgJFKNnF3MJIYRI -hILS–FLdLuVpN`Gn[p JORQ $a`GMJF„SæIpZgNvLF3IL\•QTgJKZYæQ pN`lvTp ZgNIEG`Y SsF TgNFKNnFªMJI^Y[IîILKNMí`oSºI ‹QL`GKZYÇMP0F $TFEGQ J\/FKZY]Q ÖYRpJFªi "iF„pJORSsY–gNpJ E  gJ( O %F„n[pJK & FO–Y–F„n[pNKJ`l_ïgJKNM VFen[pJKJF„O–QTO–vZIKJ`oS–IY–`GQLK +åIKhM YRpJF 3F NIO–Y–\/FKZYQ 5fª`GnO–9Q -J`lQTElQTv Q  Y–QLpJgNF=S5 tYRQa!3QLf?EoS WJ÷QLt5O3pJS–F=F ZD gJF„KN,n2F=S–Q MJ Y‹Iu5YRI I-hORILF3S–`oF)S5phI•IvLKNO[MPI EGJ`GKJpJvº`onIILKNElE M1QLMJORI`lYRF„I]KZY–IF„KhM INE ILS–n[`o_^SWJIvTDÍFånnFQLKZ\ Y–O[JIORE`GS–MJ`lKNIYRv I $^-NIILORS–%` F & Q JORQPn2FeS–S–F„M "ÊIEG`GvLKJFeM +3S–F ZgJF„KNn2FeSÖIKNMïIK Y |F/Q †ITMJMP`lY–`GQLKNILEMJI^Y[IÇEG`lKN_LF„MªY–Q1Y–pNF O–MPFeF S N|KNF„F„n2M4Y–` $Ln2FåOR`YRS–FF ORZ`GgJINF„W KNn2FåFKZY–OR`GF„S`oS5S‹YRO–ghncY–gNO–FeMºILn„n2QLO[MP`GKJvÖY–Q Jp ElQTvLF„KJF2YR`GnVQTO†QLY–pJF„O†ghSsF„O t5pJF=\]I^HP`l\gJ\AEG`G_LFEG`GpJQaQaM\/F2YRpJQPM4O–F„KNMPFO[S50F $TQLEGgPY–`GQLKhIO Y–ORFF„S5Q >pN`lvTp ZgNILEl`lY W DÍMPF\/O–FeQLn2KhF„KTS‹YRY%ORIORF„Y–S–F„gJS3ElYY–ph- I^Y=\]QTI^'O HP-|`l\FO gJ\EG`l_ThFY–EGph`lpJI^QaY%QPYRM4`l\/YRF„F„S%n[pJY–KJpJ`FZgJ0F $LF„QTSÖElgJn„IY–`GK QLK1-|F•Q F ¸Y–pJF„FncYRx%` $TF]I& KNM $a`l`lOR\ gN|S QL'O & YRIKZY ÷QLO5SsQT%E $a`GKJvSRn2`GFKZY–` hn NO–9Q -JElF„\]Sæ`GKº\/F„MP`on2`GKJFÖIKNM -J`lQTElQTv WTx%Q^uj0F $TFOænQL\ JgPYR`lKNv 0F $LQTElgJY–`GQLKNILO Y–ORFFeS -NILS–F„MQLKY–pN`GSV\/QPMPF„E`GS5FHaY–ORF\/FE n2QT\ JgPYRIY–`GQLKNILElE F2 t5pZghSdrQLKJE ORFEoI^YR`%$TFE S–\]IEGEY–ORFFeS " "S–F ZgJF„KNn2FeS Ÿd +cdknQL\ NIORF„H Mï|FYRKNQªS–` Y–$LpNFLF W pZgNvLF/I\/QLgJKZY)Q †MJIYRI1I $^I`GEGI -JElF " ]S–F ZgJFKhn2F„S)`GKªYRQaMNI S)MJI^Y[I -NITSsFeS +2dhpNI $TF -hF„FK"nILEGngJEGIY–FeMÇQTK1S– g |FO[n2QL\ JgJY–FO[SVS–Q ÊILO„W S ÷QTO>phIKNMPEG`GKJv)Y–pJFVn2QT\ &  `YRpJ`lKY–pN`GSnQLKZY–FHZYujF†`GK $LF„SsY–`GvTIY–F5MP` |F„O–F„KTYI  JO–QZILn[pJFe3 JElFHP`Y Q Y–pNF JO–9Q -JEGF\4W ŒK YRpJ`GS hI |FOÖu†F ÷QPn2ghSåQTK YRpJF]MP`oS‹YRO–` -JgPYRF„Mîn2QL\ JgJYRI^YR`lQTK Q EGILO–vT F Jp EGQLvLF„KJF2YR`Gn3Y–ORFFeSW D%K/`l\ |QLO–YRILKTY JORQ |FO–Y Q |FHa`oSsY–`GKJv NIO[IEGElF„E Jp ElQTvLFK JORQLvTORIL\]Sd^S–gNn[p•ITS     ¸QLO  Äd Ÿd Ÿd Äd ŸdZ`GSæY–pNIY†YRpJF ILO–Fåu†F„ElE SsgJ`lY–FeM ÷QTOMP`oS‹YRO–` -JgPYRF„Mîn2QL\ JgJYRI^YR`lQTKdÂSs`GKNnFYRpJF/EGILO–vTF„SsY hIO–Y)Q jn2QT\ JgPYRIY–`GQLK Y–`G\•F `GIS4\/n2QLQTgJKNKZS–Y[gJSå\/Q F„†M MJI- YRI1YRIpJORFFn2u†QTQT\/O–_T\FgJO[SÇKJ`oMPnIgJY–ORFe`GKJMªv?`GKîYRO–I1F„FïSs`GF\ $mJILElEGghF•I^SsY–Y–`GORQL`lKKNv I÷KNQTM O–\]n2I^QTYe\ W hJIgJO[O–I^Y–Y–pJ` F„$LO–F„\/E QTO–S–FT\/d|ILIElY E F„ILn[p4SsY–0F 1Q >Y–pNFn2QL\ JgJYRI^YR`lQTKÇYRpJFORFÖ`GS3IEoIORvLFÖI\/QTgJKZY5Q >`GKNMPF hF„KNMPF„KTYVY[ILS–_PSjY–pNIY nIK1F„ITSs`GE -hFMJ`GSsY–OR%` -NgPY–FeM1IL\/QLKJv•Y–pNF=u†QTO–_TFO[SW O–QTKJ\/JQLFO/KZYRpNS%ILILKNKNMPM1EG`lKNY–v QÇF2YRpJHF"JEGQLn2QL`lY%\ Y–JpJEGF,F2HP$m`lITY S‹Y)IIKh\/M?QLgJpJKZFY3Y–FQ OR>QLvTgNFKZKJghF„Ss`FeY M4O–Q Fe3SsQTY–QPgJMJORnI F„S5S/QTn2KJQTF\ nJILgPK4Y–`GY KJv J`GFn„K I$aEGE %` & NKNM•`lK•QLORvTILKJ` „I^YR`lQTKNS„deS–gNn[pITSgJKJ` $LF„ORS–`YR`lFeS>QLOO–FeSsFeIO[n[pEoI -|QLO[I^Y–QTO–`GF„SkY–pNF%MP`GSsY–OR` -JgPY–FeM Qn2`o-I‹FEGeE ncY n2&ŸQLQTORg `GJFKZEGF„Y–M]FeM uVN`lY–O–p1QTvLI O[I|\/Q^u†\/F„`lO KJ÷gNv EhNEGQTILITORITM MP-N`GvLI\AEoIKh`oSVn2`GYRKJpJv=FY–\/QaQTQTESsW YåIT`MPYRFp ZgNIY–F\/F„n[ph"IKJ`o`GSsSs\4Y–OR%`dJ-NFegPS Y–|FeF M & 2nnFEGFO[I^Y–FeM ýIHP`l\gJ\ `G_LF„El`GpJQaQPM +%ujF JO–FeSsF„KZY) IKJFu I JORQTITn[p ÷QLOåY–pJF]n„I%E & n2gJEoI^YR`lQTKQ >EoIORvLF Jp ElQTvLFKNF2Y–`on3Y–ORFF„S5FH JElQT`YR`lKNvYRpJFILM $mILKZYRIvTF„SjQ >Y–pNFMP`GSsY–OR` -JgPY–FeM Q -‹FencY &ŸQLOR`GFKZY–FeM JORQLvTORIL\•\/`GKJv NIO[ILMP`GvL\D%FKZO[YRn[S¸pJEG`l`GY–_LF„F n2Y–VgJqOR)F +r5IKhD9MÖIY–KNpJMF VVq)q)ff `ln\ Igh-NSsIF=EoIKJKNF„nu FLWmJD3O–S9Q -JI EG FJ\]El`o S nI-|Y–F„`GQLnILKgN9Q S–-F‹FQ„n2>YRY–SpJIF„OR`lO)F†MJMP`G`oSsS‹Y–YRORO–%`` -N-JgPgPY–YRFe`lQTMKQ Wh$LD F„OkSs\`GvLgJKJE` YRh%` Nn„IElF5KZYpJQZJS‹ORY[Q S-Jd„EGY–FpJ\ F5S–`GElS3Q^ujElQZF„ILSsM Y pJQTSsY•MPFY–F„O–\/`GKJF„SY–pJFQ $LF„ORILElE |F'O ÷QLOR\]IKNnFºQ 3ILKðI  JEl`onIY–`GQLKWiQZILM \]IKhIvLF„\/FKZY vLSsF„gN'O IL$aOR`oILn2KTF„S/YRF`GFeKZSY–-|F„KNQM9YRpY–dJQ?pJ`Gn2vLQTp \ hhF„F„O KN÷QTS–O–I\]Y–F4ILKNEGQTn2ILFTM9daIT`GS5,\ u†-NF„ILElEGEILITKNS5n2F S–n„- IEoI-JMP`G`oElSs`lY–Y OR%` -JQgJY–MP`GKJ`oS‹v YRO–u†` -JQTgPO–YR_aF„EGM4QTITIMÂWNt5El`onpJI`GS& Y–`GQLKNS„W qågJO5ElQZILM\/ILKNIvTF\/FKZYVn2QTKNn2F PY%gNS–F„S5Q -‹F„ncY[SVILSjEGQTILM1MP`oS‹YRO–` -JgPYR`lQTK4FKZY–`lY–`GF„SVILKNM pJQTSsYRS%ITS5ElQZILM1MP`oS‹YRO–` -JgPYR`lQTKY[IORvLFYRS„W  QTO–_aEGQTILM`oS%MP`oS‹YRO–` -JgPYRF„M - `GKJ`YR`GILE JEoILnF\/FKZY„d \•`GvLO[I^YR`lQTKdJIKhMÇOR0F JEG`onI^YR`lQTKW #%Ss$'0g&)/]( ( n`lF„KZ* Y3,n2+QL.\ - JgJ& Y–/`GKJS‹v/Y[IO–KNFeMNSsQTS gJ÷ORQTnOF„SjYRpJ`GK1F4QTn2ORORMJF„FI^OjYR`lY–QTQ/K?1F Q /º)nI`lF„KðKTYR9Q E -‹F„F2n2HPYF„nQTgPK9Y–FÖIïYRpJpJF=QTSsQ Y-YR‹F„pNncI^YeY]W pNITS #3\/24QL(658OR7F)F(:H 98h& FeMP\/`YRF„`lILQTKNgNSjSV\•FHaQ Fe$an2`GgPKJYRv`lQTILKKÇW FHa`oSsY–`GKJv9Q -‹F„n2Y†YRQ•ILKJQYRpJFOjpJQZS‹YjY–pNIY NO–QT\•`oS–F„SjI #%Ss; gh=n[< p ( +Y–pNI(:Y98& `oMP`oFSKZY–S–`o`ln\/IL`GE†EGIL9Q OÖ-Y–‹F„Qªn2YR\/S`GvLnO[II^EGEGYRF„`lM QTK OR0F -JJgJEGY`Gn„ILY–pJSFÇIORQLFºOR`lvTn2OR`lKNF„I^ILYREF„Q MÂ-W ‹FJencgJYO–Y–`opNS=FKJOQLORYF ZORFgJ\/FeS‹Q Y[$LS=FeYRMÂQ d Y–"÷pJORF FåZQgJ-Fe‹FS‹eY[Snc+jYæIIL\/O–F3QT'S KJJv•EG`Y†Y–pJg F„º\1IW \/QLKNv=`Y[SæOR0F JEG`onILS`GKºQTORMPF„OY–QMJ`GSsY–OR%` -NgPY–F3Y–pJF%ujQLOR_aElQZILM t5pJFORF†ILO–FæY‹u†Qå_Z`GKNMJS>Q NQ $LF„O–EGQTITMå`GKMJ`GSsY–OR%` -NgPY–FeM9Q -‹F„n2Y &ŸQLOR`lF„KTYRF„M=S S‹YRF\]S &-NITn[
_ & vLORQLgJKNMÖQ $TFORElQZILMÖIKhM=O–F ZgJF„SsYkQ $LF„O–EGQTITMÂW 5ILn[_avTO–QTgJKNM)ElQZILMÖ`oSrn„IgNS–F„M - I JEG`Gn„I^Y–`GQLKhS Y–pNIYILO–F†KJQYnQLKZY–ORQLEGElFeM - Y–pJF5EGQTITM\]IKNILvLF„\•F„KZYS S‹YRF\4W VF ZgJFeS‹YQ $LF„O–EGQTITM)\•FeIKNS Y–pNIY†IK/Q -‹F„ncY†`GSæKJQYæn„I NI -JElF5YRQ1F /ºn`lF„KTYRE JORQanF„SRSIEGEJORF ZgJFeS‹Y[S`Y†O–Fen2F` $LFeSWTf"`lvTORI & Y–`GQLKª`oSÖIK ITMPF ZgNIY–F=YRF„n[pJKJ` ZgJF ÷QLO3phIKNMPEG`GKJv -NITn[_avLORQLgJKNM4EGQTITM -JgPY)Y–pJF/SRnIEoI -N`lEG`Y `GI^S%YsY[ILIK1`GKJITF„MPM F Z- gNI\/Y–F)`GvLY–O[FeI^n[YRpJ`lKJQTKº` ZgJ`GS†F EG`l÷\/QLOV`lY–pNF„ILMKNW MPVEG`l0F KJJv]EG`onORFI^ZYR`lgJQTFeKºS‹YVpJF„Q %E$TNFS†ORElYRQZQ ILMÂ-JWORF„IL_YRpJ`oS†EG`G\•`lYRIY–`GQLKNS5ILKNM F"`G\ JElF„\/FKZY–FeMôY–pJFeSsFªnQLKNn0F PY[S/`lKíYRpJF S SsY–F„\ ŸW `GSÇI ElQZILM \/ILKN IvTF\/FKZY%S SsY–F„\ ÷QL>O Vq jDWNt5pJF=\]I`GK4n2QL\ |QLKJF„KZYRSVQ  IORF=SspNQ^uVK`GK Y–r`G`GQLvLK/gNO–ElF F $LLF„EGWJS„t5W^t5pJFepJSsFVFÖEln2QZQTIL\ Mh\/QTQLKJKJF`lKZY–YRQTS O–`G÷KJgNvÖE Nn2EGQLEk\ MP`|¸QLFKJORF„FKZKZYY5QYRIL¸S–F_PO[S5S -|IKNQYRMÇpu†d`GQTK O–÷_ºQLORI\]YVI^MJYR` `l¸QTFKORFQTKZK•Y%I I $^-NISs`GY–EoI O[-JILnEGF & n2QL\ JgJY–`GKJv/O–FeSsQTgJORnF„SjIKNMÇY–pNF`GO%gPY–`GEG` eI^Y–`GQLKkdJILS5ujFEGEILSj`lK ÷QLOR\/IY–`GQLK1QLK4I NEl`onIY–`GQLK QI^Y3-‹FORegJncKZYRSVY–`G\/ILKNFLMÇd|`lY–K"pJF„QT`lOROVMPORF„F„OVS–QLY–gJQÇO[Q n2-PFåY[gNISR`GK"IvL`lFTKWP÷QTt5O–pJ\]`GSVIY–MN`GI^QLYRKªIIpN-|ITQLSjgJY–Y%Q Y–-hpJFF JO–gNORQKT$aYR`l`G\/MJF„FMÇF„M K $ZKh`GORIQL\/KJ\/`Gn„IFEGKZE Y3dPIL`KNW FLM W Y–pJFVORF„'S hFencYR%` $TFj9Q -‹F„n2YRS„WLiQZILM•MP`oS‹YRO–` -JgPYR`lQTK NO–Q $a`oMPF„SrY–pN F ÷gJKNn2Y–`GQLKNILEl`lY ÷QTOMP`GSsY–OR` -JgPY & `lKJvu†QTO–_aEGQTITM - `GKJ`lY–`oIE JEoILn2F„\/FKZY„d|\/`lvTORIY–`GQLKdhQLO)O–F JEl`onIY–`GQLK"Q æQ -‹FencY[SW >`lKNILElE d Y–pJFjElQZILMÖF $mILElghI^Y–`GQLKn2QL\ |QLKJF„KZY>MPFen2`oMPF„S>I -|QLgPY>ElQZILM=MP`oSsY–OR%` -JgJY–`GQLK -NITSsFeM=QLK`lK ÷QTO–\]I & Y–Q `GQLS‹K YRORJIORY–Q F$avT`G`lMPFeFeSMdauV- pJ`on[Elp4QZILIM1ORFÖ\/MJQL`GKJSRn2`lY–gNQTSRO–S–`GF„KJMvNWh`lK"t5pJMPQTFYRS–IF=`GEMPF„`GK n`GS–`lQTŸWKNS%n„IK -hFI^YsY[I`GKJF„M - I $mILO–`GF2Y 







&









G

 




















% ') ()' #

#

%




'%

# @) '%

^

















F

1



^

ZLXji











0 









1







&

:

2

2




5; LZLXji ZLX i :2

_
















0




A^







Load Management System Load Monitoring

Load Evaluation

Load Distribution

Object Object

Object

Runtime Environment

ã Zã z~Z{V}[‘„š=™P‘eZ{R‹Š‘’‹~Z{N‘m‚„Ï]“/‚„Z‚„§e{Rš={[^5œ^LŠŸ‹{[š ¸“]›

`oS5n2QL\ JEGF2YRFE Y–O[IKhS NILO–F„KZY†QLKÇY–pJFÖn2EG`GFKZY &ŒSs`oMPF -|F„nILgNS–Få`lYjghSsFeSVq jD S iSsF„QPO'n$TIFY–O'`G&ŸQLS–K`GMJFVJ\•QLOR`Gu5KJIQTO[OjM,n[pN\/ILKJF„n[vLpNFeILSKJYR`oQSs\ Y–pNFåYRQ,FHaMP`oSs`oY–S‹`GYRKJO–v` -JngPQaYRMJF F)O–ILF O–TF%gNF„KNSsF„YRn2S"FeS–ISR\/IO QTKJ÷v9QLOjORF0`lKZNY–ElF„`onvLITO[SI^WåYR`lqåKJvK ElQZY–ILpNM F \/ILKNIvTF\/FKZY ÷gJKNncYR`lQTKNIEG`lY `lKZY–QY–pJF=I JEG`Gn„I^Y–`GQLKkWZt5pJFeSsF)n[pNIKNvLF„S†\]I`GKJE I ¸F„ncYjY–pNF n2QLK NvLgJO[I^YR`lQTK"Q YRpJF•UQTOsY[I -JEGFq -‹FencY)DåMJI JY–FO "ÊU5q%D +cW¸D%EGEF2HaY–F„KNSs`GQLKhSåILO–FS–F„IL\ & ElFeS–S–E `lKZY–F„vLO[I^YRF„Mº`GKZY–Q/YRpJF Vq 5D JO–QTvLO[I\/\/`lKNv\/QPMPFEÄWNt5pagNS„dPQLKJE I•\/`lKNQLO%ILM & Y–MPpJ`YRF`lQTS–KNFIO $aE>`GF n¸F„SQLO–JYåORQ`oS)$Z`oO–MPF FeZM gJ`l- ORF„M - ÇY–pNW F•I JEG`Gn„I^Y–`GQLK JO–QTvLO[I\/\/F O ÷QTO3YRpJF•`lKZY–F„vLO[I^YR`lQTK"Q  JQLOIÖMPFYRI`GEGF„M•MPF„SRn2OR%` JY–`GQLK•Q NYRpJFVEGQTILM\]IKNILvL\/FKZYS SsY–F„\ ILS>ujFEGENILSrY–pNFV`lKJ`lY–`oIE JEGITn2F„\•F„KZY„dP\/`lvTORIY–`GQLK4IKNMOR0F JEG`Gn„I^YR`lQTK |QLEG`Gn`lFeS5gNS–F„M4SsF„F ÄW 
 

ZLXji \^










02




F






2



^






ZhXji


a 


    ' 



?



 

ð`GS-N ILS–F„M•QLK   " $LFO[3S–dT`lQTuVK pNT`Gn[W p/JW 9`oS+cWN`GK/t5Y–pJgJFORKºF„SRISsF„MPKTF„YRO–`GIL` $^EkI^MPY–`` |$LFVF„O–Q F„hKNYRn2pJF,F3-hEoFI^Y‹YRu†F„SsF„YFKO–F„ElFeILS–F Q       ILKNM  ILO–FS–F0$TFO[IEÂKJQ$TFEIEGvLQTO–`lY–pN\•`onÖQ JY–`G\•` „IY–`GQLKNS%Q Y–pJF/YRQ |QLEGQLv F0$^IEGgNI^YR`lQTK ÷gNKNncYR`lQTKdkuVpJ`on[pdkMJF0|FKNMP`GKJv"QTKïYRpJF]`GKJgPYMNI^YRI4S–F2YILKNM Y–pJF JORQanF„SRSsQTO3IO[n[pJ`lY–FencY–gNO–FTdNEGF„ILM"Y–QÇvTElQ9-NIErO–gNK"Y–`G\/F`G\ JO–Q$TF\/FKZY[S -|F2Y‹ujFFK  IIKNO[n[M pJ`YRF„n2Y–gJORF„S„ŸdJd uVpJ`oŸn[W p %IQLORY–F=FÖYRY–pJphFI^Y \] I`GK"Y[IOR,vLF2YSRnJIEGEGIF„SY ÷NQTO–IL\]OsYRS `Gn÷gJQTEoO IORE ujFEGEÂQL%K4WkXaU`GKNnJFORQLQagNnO3F„SRQ SsQTO& Y–`G\•` „IY–`GQLKNS3IORF JgJORFE IEGvLQTO–`lY–pN\•`on   O–F„KNMPF„O%F2HJILn2Y–E YRpJFSRI\/F O–FeSsgJt5ElYRpJSVFjITIS YsY[I`GKJ F„MElF $LF„ EZQ hORgJKY–`G \•F5‹W `G\ JO–Q $TF\/FKZYI^Y–YRI`GKJFeM - QLgNOILElvTQLOR`YRpJ\/`GnæQ PYR` & \•` „IY–`GQLKNS>`oSSs`GvLKJ` hn„IKZY "SsF„F >`GvLgJORF 9+cd -|F„n„IgNS–F†QTgJOu†QTO–_ ÷QPn2gNS–F„S>QTK•nQL\ JgPY[I^Y–`GQLKhS Q pZgNvLF Jp ElQTvLFKNF2Y–`on3Y–ORFF„S„W Xa`lKhn2FY–pJF"IEGvLQTO–`lY–pN\•`onQ PYR`l\/` „I^YR`lQTKNS•`lKZYRO–QPMPgNnF„M ILO–FQLKíI NKNF vLO[IKagJEoIOR`Y EG0F $LF„EIKNMîMPQ4KJQYI |FencYÖY–pNF hIO[IEGElF„El` „IY–`GQLKïnQLKNn0F PYedÂu†F/uV`GElEORF„SsY–O[I`GK QLgJOIKNILE S–`GSY–Q)I -JOR`l0F hMPFeS–nO–` PY–`GQLKQ PY–pNFjS–F ZgJF„KTYR`GILE RS‹YR0F auV`oSsFæITMJMP`lY–`GQLK•IEGvLQLOR`lY–pJ\ uVpJ`Gn[p u5ILS=`GKZY–ORQPMPgNn2FeM - W JFEoS–FKNSsY–F„`lK †ILKNMî`l\ JEGF\/F„KTYRF„M uV`lY–p?S–QL\/F]\/QPMP` & hIEGnvLIQLY–OR`GQL`lY–KNpJS=\ `GK Q       ŸW NgJOsYRpJFILORKN\/M QLOR FLdujF]uV3`GWElE5SspNQLO–Y–E QLgJY–EG`lKJFºY–pJF hIO[IEGElF„E PaSkWYX[Z hSkWYX[Z B NEGEGH E(K FM O P"QTS UE c = = FEGEIHJE(K FM O P"QTS UE L S WYX[Z

2

B




" 5

=

:  Y :/0 F

`_

LSWYX[Z

`_



^












(/








PaSWYX[Z

LSWYX[Z NPaSkWYX[Z


NEGEGH E K FM&OPRQTS UE

(B

D

`_

`_

2

e^
K FM O P"QTS UE  e^ B FEGEIH EhK FM O P"QTS UE



=;

`_

hSkWYX[Z




PaSkWYX[Z

e






a

t5pJF"nIEon2gNEGIY–`GQLKôQ 3YRpJF"Q JY–`G\/ILE Jp ElQTvLF„KJF2YR`GnÇY–ORFF ÷QLOºI S–F2YºQ åO 3D`GK JgPY sS F TgNFKNnF„S -hILS–F„M]QTK/Y–pJF)\]I^HP`l\gJ\ El`G_LF„El`GpJQaQPM]\/F2Y–pNQaMº`GS 3U &ŸnQL\ JEGF2Y–FTdZMJgJF%YRQY–pNF F2QH$LhFO QTKJ•F\/KZYR`G`GElILEG`lE†QTKvTO–hQ^u5QZS–YRS–p `%-N`lElKðF)Y–Y–Q9pJhF1QTKaElQTgJvL\,`GF„-|S F÷O•QTO Q /|QTSsSRF SsZ` gJ-JFEGFºKNnYRF„O–S F„+cFºWNt5Y–Q9pahgNQTS„EldJQTvLpJ`GF„F„gJS OR`G"÷SsFTY–W `ovhnWkS5YRpNpJI F$TORF)FÇY–FQ Ha`o-|SsFY `lKZY–ORQPMPgNnF„MÂd`GK/QLO[MPFOYRQ=O–FeMPgNnF5Y–pJF%S–F„ILORn[p/S hILn2FTd^`W FLWY–pJF%KagJ\ -hF„OQ ¸0F $^ILElgNIY–FeMYRO–F„F Y–Q |QLEGQLvT`lFeSWÂXag  hQZSsF•u†F•pNI $TFIÇS–F2YÖQ 
?`lK JgPYSsF ZgJFKNnF„S„WÂD Jp EGQLvLF„KJF2YR`GnY–ORFF•`GS IK"gJKJORQaQYRF„M -J`GKNIO YRO–F„FuV`lY–p"YRpJFS–F ZgJF„KNn2FeS3I^Yå`Y[S%EGF„I $LFeS%IKhM4uV`YRp  ]`GKJKJFO KJQPMPF„S "ÊF„ILn[p4KJQPMPFÖQ rYRpJFÖY–ORFFÖpNITS5F`lY–pJF„O%MPFvTO–F„F •QTO%MPFvTO–F„F +cW t5pJF=SsF TgNFKZY–`oIEILElvTQLOR`YRpJ\4dPu†QTO–_PS5ILS ÷QLEGEGQ^u%S  ElFeI $LXaF„g S„d|ILn„QTn2S–QTFåORujMP`GFÖKJpNvI Y–$LQ4F YR÷pJQLgNFºKNpJMºF„gJYRpJO–`oF SsY–-h`onFeS„S‹WrY5XaYRO–F F„ZF gJF„ KNn2Q F >Ss`  F º¸dPn`ÄQLW FTKNWPS–`ouVS‹YR`YR`lKJp v4Q S–VF I4ZgJKNFFKhu n2F„S5-JORIILY5KN`ln[YRp S uV`YRp,IïKNFu;`lKJKNFOºKJQPMPFïIKNMðY–pJFïSsF TgNFKNnFªI^Y]F`lY–pJF„OºFKhMÂdæ`oS/Y–pNFKí`lKhSsF„OsYRF„Mô`lKZYRQ IEGE  -JO[IKNn[pNF„SQ  IKNM?Y–pJF4EG`l_TFEG`lpJQaQPM?Q %Y–pNF1`GK?YRpNI^Y]\]IKNKJFO•vLF„KJFO[I^YRF„M Y–Q |QLEGQLvT`lFeS   b  b    b    `GSjnILEGngJEoI^Y–FeMÂWTD  Y–F„O†YRpJ`oS†SsY–F dTEGQPnILE|ILKN!M mQTO vLEGQ -NILEO–FeIORORILKJvLF„\•F„KZYRS%Q †YRpJF -|F„SsY=Y–ORFF]MPO[ImuVK ÷ORQL\YRpJFºS–F2 Y   b  b "   b   IORF hF„O ÷QTO–\/F„M9IKNM9F0$^ILElgNIY–FeMÂd` åY–pJF"ORF„S'hFencYR`%$TF JORQLvTORIL\Q9PY–`GQLK9`GS]S–F2Yed`lKôQLO[MPF„OYRQ ÷gJOsYRpJFOV`G\ JORQ $LF%YRpJF ZgNIEG`Y Q kYRpJF)Y–ORFFLWJt5pNF3YRO–F„F)uV`lY–pY–pNF -|F„SsYVEl`G_LF„El`GpJQaQPMÇQ rS–` „F Ss `  F ¸dP`GS5YRpNYRI^pJY3FK ILO–gNF)SsF0Fe$^M IL÷ElQLgNO%IY–`GFeKNM S–F- O–Y–`GQLYRK4pJFQ IEGS–vLF QTZO–gJ`lY–F„pNKN\n2#F   sY– Q |JQLW EGQL v F•n2nEoILILElEkSRS5ILElQEkY–SsOR` FF=F$YR Q N|W QLEGQLvT`lFeS5Q  Y–pJF t5NpJO[S‹FªY I/EGvLS–QTF ZO–`lgJY–FpJKh\ n2F„S‹SjY[QIkO–YRY–S/pNF=uV`l`lKY–píNgPYRY3pJFªMJI^QLY[KNIE S–F2Y%hQZILKNS–S–M` -JS–ElgF4-NYRS–O–F F„ZF4gJF„Y–KZ9Q Y–hE QTElQTILv MJMNSæQ YR=pJS–F=` ORF F\]IgN`GKJS–`l`GKNKJvv SsF TgNFKNnF„SVILSVMJF„SRn2OR%` -|F„M1I -|Q $LFTW Xa`lKhn2F/Y–pNF]\•QZS‹YnQTSsY=`lKZY–F„KNS–%` $TF NIO–Y=Q jY–pJFºnQL\ JgPY[I^Y–`GQLK `oSÖY–pNFºnIEon2gNEGIY–`GQLKîQ  Y–pJF5EG`l_TFEG`lpJQaQPM $^ILElgJF ÷QTO>FeILn[p=YRO–F„FæYRQ |QLEGQLv IKNILE FeM " &%  Q JYRQYRILEPn2QL\ JgJYRI^YR`lQTK Y–`G\•F=`GK1Y–pJFS–F ZgJF„KZY–`oI3E JORQLvTORIL\ +2dZY–pJF NILORILElEGFEG` „I^YR`lQTKÇ`oSVS‹YRORIL`lvTpZY & ÷QLORujILORMÂW t5pJF hIO[IEGElF„EZILElvTQLOR`YRpJ\Ín2QLKhSs`oS‹Y[S>Q hIå\]ILSsY–FOedeuVpJ`Gn[p`GS>ORF„'S hQTKNS–%` -JEGF ÷QLO`lKN`YR`GILEl` „I & Y–O–`GFeQLSsKgJdNElYRMJS„`GW SsY–OR%` -NgPY–`GQLK4Q >Y–pNF`lK JgPY3MJIYRIJdNvLFKNFO[I^Y–`GQLKQ >Y–ORFFÖYRQ |QLEGQLvL`GF„SVILKNMvTI^YRpJFOR`GKJv t5pJFujQLOR_LFOÂnQL\ hQTKJFKZYrS–`G\ NE hF„O ÷QTO–\]S¸YRpJFF $mILElghI^Y–`GQLKÖQ PI3S |F„n` hnY–ORFFY–9Q hQTE & QLv Q -JYRI`GKJFeM - YRpJFæ\]ILSsY–F„O„d„`W FLWmn2QT\ JgPY–FeSk`lYRSkEl`G_LF„El`GpJQaQPM $^IEGgJFLWmt5pJFYRQ |QLEGQLv YR Q -|F Y–0F pJ$^IF5EG\]gNI^ILYRSsF„Y–M]F„O>`oS†ILKNY–O[MIKNS–FS KZ÷QLY>ORY–\/QÖF„I%M/uj`GKZQLY–ORQ_LFIOeW„Sst5`G\ paJgNEGS„FLdmdaF„O–'S F„hEGFeIn2Y–`o` I$LEGF„E E S–Ss`GpNKNQLn2FæO–Y„Y–daQ S‹|YRQLO–`GEGKJQLvv OR0F 0F N$^O–IFeEGgNSsF„I^KTYRY[`lQTI^KYR`lQTYR`lK \/- F„S `lKNnO–FeILS–FåuV`lY–pY–ORFF=S–` „'F     dZYRpJF=n2QL\/\gJKJ`onI^YR`lQTKÇQ $TFORpJF„ITM]`GS5KNFvLEGF„n2Y–` -JEGF ÷QLO5Y–pNFnIEon2gNEGIY–`GQLK1Q rpagJvTF Jp EGQLvTFKJFY–`onåY–ORFF„SVILKNMÇY–pJF JORQ -NElF„\D n2EoILSR SsFeS •IKNM  JORQ $Z `oMP`GKJvILKNIEGQLvTQLgNS ÷gNKNncYR`lQTKNIEG` & Y–`GF„SæITSYRpJF`GO†nQLgJKZY–F„'O hIO–YRS`GK  %WPt5pJF -hILS–`GnVS–FO $a`GnF JORQ $Z`oMPFeM - Y–pJF n2EoILSRS`oSkI%\/FY–pJQPMn„IEGElFeM ad ÷QLOr0F $^IEGgNIY–`GKJv3I%'S hFen2` hnYRO–F„FY–9Q hQTElQTv d uVpJ`Gn[p4`GKÇYRgJORK1`GK $LQT_LF„S†YRpJF ÊILSsYVKNI^YR%` $TF í0F $^ILElgNIY–`GQLK ÷gJKNn2Y–`GQLK $a`GI  cW MJI^Y[It5pJYRQ/F Y–pJF ÇnQL¸\ dZhvLQTF„KJKJFFO[KZI^Y3YREGF„QTS†ITY–MJORS%FF)ILKNY–9Q M hNQTIElQTO[vLS–F„`GF„S5S5YRIpJKhFMS–F vZZI^gJYRpJFKhFO[n2SjF O–NFeEGSsFLgJd ElYRNS„ITW S–S–F„S5YRpJF`GK JgPY

 PaSkWYX[Z















(ZLX i e,  e,

c') )











e,

+

   

:&

  




e,






a+

:



LSWYX[Z






  ! "$#&%

+

'    (

`_













t5pJFVY–O[IKhS ÷QTO–\]I^YR`lQTKQ ÂY–pJFåSsF TgNFKZY–`oIE D >D n2QPMPF%`GKZY–QI & -hILS–F„M/INEl`onI& Y–`GQLKºu5ILSSsY–O[I`GvLpZY'& ÷QTO–u5IO[MÂdS–`lKNnF%`lYRSjn2EoILSRSEo I QLgJYæIEGO–FeILM n2QL\ JEG`GF„M]uV`lY–p]YRpJFåSsY–ORgNn & Y–u†gJQTORO–FV_TQF|OY–Q pJ-Få‹F„MPnc`GYeSsdTY–ORIL` KN-JM gPY–JFeO–M/Q $aI `oMPJF„EGS`on`I^Y[SYR`lY–QT9Q KhWLQTt5ElQTpJv F 0F $^IEGgNI^YRn`lQTEGITK S–S÷gJ`oSKNncF„YRKN`lnQTI KÇNILSsgNSEGVIY–q F„M/5ITS D,VSsq F„O'$a5`on2DFTW t5pJF†SsYRIY–FæQ PY–pJF Vq 5D åQ -‹FencYn2QLKhSs`oS‹Y[SQTKJE Q PY–pJF5SsF ZgJFKNnFæMJIYRIJdeuVpJ`on[p nIK -hF•ElQZILMPFeM $a`GI X"QTO)MP`GORF„ncYRE ÷ORQL\;Y–pNF uVpJFK"YRpJF ÇQ -‹F„ncY)`GS n2ORF„I^YRF„MF`lY–pJF„ O - `GKJ`YR`GIL3E JEoILn2F„\/FKZY„dJ\/`GvLO[I^YR`lQTKÇQLOVOR0F NEl`onIY–`GQLKW Y–`GQLKNt5S5pZIghKhSMºd^S–\/`lKN`lvTnFæORIYRY–pJ`GQLFVKNSsS†F ZQgJ>Fu†KNQTnFVO–_TMJFI^O†Y[Q I3-`o‹FS>eKJncYRQS5YMP\/Q•QPKJMPQL` hYjF„`GM•KNMPMPgNgJnORF=`lKJIvåK Y–ORFn2F5QLKhnILSs`oEGS‹nYRgJFEoKNI^nY–`GQLKkJdeORQOR0F-JNEGFEl`o\]nI S„& W ŒKÇYRpJF=\]I`GK1ujQLOR
_ &ÄEGQaQ ºQ kYRpJF ¸dZI•KagJ,\ -|FOVQ rYRpJORF„ILMNSVn2QLORORF„'S hQTKNMP`GKJvYRQ Y–SspJ`G\F%gJKaElgJYRIL\ KJ-hFF„QTOgNQSjÂY–I9Q $^hIQT`GElEGQTI v -JEGFjF pN$mQTILSsElghYRSI^Y–n2`GQTQLKZK1Y–ORORQLF EGZElFegJ,M F„Ss- YRS„WJt5pJ`oS5ýF`GKNSI n-JO–EGFeF„I^S YRF„MÂd^`GK]QLY–O[Q]MPFnO>QLORYRO–Q FenchY–F„E O ÷QTMPO–`o\ S & Y–FORKN%` S–-JgJgJORY–F)F9Q Y–PORFY–`GF\]F I$^EIMPEGgN`oSsI^Y–YROR`l%`QT-JKªgJY–O–`GF QLZK1gJF„vLSsO[YRIS)KagJI\/EoIQLOR`KNY vºWZu†t5QTpJO–F_TFS O%S‹9Q YR-F‹F\A„n2ILYRSåORn[QLpNKî`YRF„MPnc`GYRSsgJY–`GORKNFån2QY) pJQZS‹Y[SåILKNM4YR`GQ S QLgPYREl`GKJF„M1`GK r`GvLgNO–F ,÷QLO%I/S–`l\ JEGFn2QTK NvLgNORIY–`GQLKÇuV`lY–p1Y‹ujQ/u†QTO–_TFOjQ -‹FencYRS„W 

e,

.ZhXji









  R^









  











  


ZhXji














:

+

T^







.=









ZLX

i




PaSkWYXZ




 0 

450 optimized evaluation function standard evaluation function

average evaluation time per topology class [ms]

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

20 0

0

500

1000

30 1500

2000

40 2500

3000 3500 4000 number of evaluated trees

o’
‚„ŠŸ ‹˜5ã NÌ ã û û š=‡m{RƒJ‰s{[‚‡„§e‚„{Vƒˆ”a{[‚2‡„‹‚„€ˆƒˆ‘e”Z•‚‹’G€ˆ”Z‘eZ/}–‹‹€€ˆ‘„š= {5€ˆš=™T‰‹‘2‡m{Rš={[^™P{R‰‹‘e™P‘„ƒ‘„§„]}Rƒl‚ŠŒŠ 8P˜ û çZ“  ‡Š[ T™a‚‰s‚ƒˆƒ{Rƒ 

average evaluation time per topology class [ms]

300 tree evaluation time (C−code) tree evaluation time (JNI/C) tree evaluation time (CORBA/JNI/C)

250

275

244 236

204

200 168

174

150 134

101 105

100 73

71

50

38

9

41

10

0 4




10

20

40 topology class

ã hã Ì Ë ‚aϕ› ö Æ û ÈÊ}[‘eš=šå”ZZ€ˆ}c‚2‹€ˆ‘e‘‡e{R‰‹~Z{c‚„Ï


test run 1 test run 2

300

30

Migration of worker object

evaluation time per tree [ms]

Migration overhead 250 Creation of background load 200

150

100

50

0

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500




4000

ã Jã ø1‘„‰‹ñm{–‰‘e¨õŸ{[}Ræš=€ˆ§„‰s‚2‹€ˆ‘e]‚2’G‹{R‰†}R‰‹{c‚2‹€‘„/‘„’¨Z‚„}sñ§„‰‹‘e”Taσ‘e‚eϕ‘„/€Ž‹Š~Z‘eŠŸ number of evaluated trees



300 3rd replication

averag evaluation time per topology class [ms]

without replication with replication

2nd replication

250 1st replication 200

150

100

50

20 0

0

500

30

1000

1500

40

2000

2500

3000 3500 4000 number of evaluated trees

ã Nã Ë š=™a‚„}–‘„’¡)ŠŒ”T¨ZŠŒ{ ^”T{[^æ‚„”T‹‘„š‚‹€ˆ}jè>‘„‰‹ñm{R‰æ‘„¨LõÄ{[}Ræ‰‹{[™Zƒˆ€ˆ}c‚‹€ˆ‘„ZŠ









FðnQLKNMJgNncYRF„M |FO'÷QLOR\]IKNnF?IKNILE S–`GS4YRF„SsYRS QLK !Y–pJF„O–KJFYïn2QTKJKJFencY–FeMýXagJK& †Y–F„EoSsILYMJ SsF F& YRSÖQ î \/NITd n[pJJ`GKJd F„S1QI=KhMYRpJFîÇXS–! F ZgJFnKhElghn2F„S‹S„YRFd¸O4F2HaI^Y–YÇO[ILYRn2pJY–FïFeM i ÷ORQL\ghYRSspJ`GKJF]vðD S–gý/ºn2MN`GI^FKZYRI Y–E-NILS–EGFLILd¸O–vT`GK F QLO[MPFO†Y–QF0$^IEGgNI^YRF3YRpJF -hF„pNI $a`lQTO†Q  íILKNM `lKÇY–F„O–\]SjQVq jD'  Q $LFORpJFeILMÂd^`G\ NILn2Y†Q ¸YRpJFåILElvTQLOR`YRpJ\/`Gn5Q9PY–`G\/` eI^Y–`GQLKhSdLILKNMºILgPY–QT\/IY–`on5u†QTO–_TFOQ9-‹F„n2Y O–F JEl`onIY–`GQLK ^\/`lvTORIY–`GQLKW Y–pJF•ŒS K |F>Fe`lM4vTgJQ O–F Y–]pNFu†Y–FORFMPFF\/0F $^QLIKhEGgNS‹YRI^ORYRI`lQTY–F=K YR÷pJgJFKNn2`G\Y–`GQLNKªILn2`GYåKNn2Q EG>gNYRMPpJ`GKJFv ILElvTQL%OR`YRILpJKN\/M `GVnq Q PYR5`l\/DÍ` „Q I^$TYRF`lQTORKNpJS%F„ITQTMÂK W Y–F„SsY/O–gJKhSuV`lY–píI S–`GKJvLEGFujQLOR_LF„O9Q -‹F„n2Y„dgNS–`lKJvïY–pNF  F"n2QTKNMPgNn2Y–FeM Y‹ujQ SF0‹Y[$^IIKNEGgNMJI^ILYROR`lMQTKÇIKNYR`lMÇ\/Q F P|YR`lF\/OV` YRQ Fe|MºQLYREGO–QLF„v FåF n2$mEoILILElSRghS I^"ÊY–S–`GFQLFK S–÷F„gJncKNYRn2`lQTY–`GK QLK4
+I÷KNQLMO%\/IF„Y–ILFeS‹S–Y3gJORS–F„F2MºY%QY–pJ F=/I $LSsF„F ORTILgNvLFF5KNYRnO–F„F„S„F W t5pJFïILElvTQLOR`YRpJ\/`Gn"9Q PY–`G\/` eI^YR`lQTKNSÇS–pJQ^uIKNILElQTvLQTgNS hF„O ÷QTO–\]ILKNn2Fª`G\ JORQ $LF\/F„KTY[SÇITS \•FeILS–gJORF„M ÷QLOY–pJF NIO[IEGElF„ENIKhMºSsF ZgJFKZY–`oIE JO–QTvLO[I\ ŸWTD%EGEhS–g -NS–F ZgJF„KZYY–FeS‹Y[SæujFORF hF„O ÷QTO–\/F„MgNS–`lKNv•QTgJOVKJQ $TFEÂQ JY–`G\•` FeM10F $^IEGgNI^YR`lQTK ÷gJKhncY–`GQLKkW D%KJQLY–pJF„O"`l\ |QLO–YRIKZY ITS |F„n2Y4%`oS4WrYRDåpJS F JQ OR$L0F F„$aO–`GpJQLgNFeILS–EM `l\/KNMJF„gNKTYRn2`lFeQTM KJF„- MïYRpJYRpJFºF?n2QT`GKZ\•Y–F\vTgJORIKJY–`on`GQLIK Y–`GQLQ K  Vq 5D ILKNM  å`GKZY–Q Q $LFORpJFeILM1MPF„nO–FeILS–F„S5uV`lY–p"`GKNn2ORF„ITSs`GKJv/Y–ORFFS–` FLd|MPgJF=YRQ/Y–pJ, F ÊILn2Y„dJYRpNI^Y)I $LFO[IvTFåF $^I%E & gNI^YR`lQTK"Y–`G\/,F |FOåY–ORFF`GKNn2ORF„ITSsFeS3MPgNO–`GKJv]YRpJF•nQL\ JgPY[I^YR`lQTKªILS3MJ0F J`oncYRF„Mª`GK >`GvLgJORF Jd uVpJFORF„ITS)Y–pJFÇIL\/QLgJKZY=Q %n2QT\/\gJKJ`onIY–FeMïMJIYRI |FO=YRQ |QLEGQLv n2EoILSRSÖO–F„\]I`GKNS JO[ILn2Y–%` & nSsQTI\•EGE FnpJQLF„KNI Ss$ YRIL&ŸKZu†Y„F„W `lJvTpTQTYOYRpJF1SR\•I\/Fen[FpNIO–KNFeIL`GS–S–\]QLKNSSS–IgNKNn[pðM9ITMPS F„'S JD `lY–FDAY–pJn„F IEGÊE%IL-hn2ILY„n[d>_PY–S ph÷I^ORY/QL\ u†FåpNd>I Y–$LpJFF gNSsFeM

 787 7

+ f^

=7 A/ 7 A9 7

587




 ePaSkWYX[Z

l9 e

_

ZhXji

/



+

cPaSkWYXZ `_ _



9J7

: 

+

`_



"/













`_



+

TPaSkWYXZ

`_







^







f^

$/






+



,



+

Q$LFORpJFeILM -|F„nQL\/F„SÇKJFvTElFencYR`%-JEGFªILS]Y–pJF"YRO–F„F"vLORQ^u%SdS–`GKNn2F"QTKJE Ss\]ILElE3IL\/QLgJKZYRSºQ MJI^Y[I•ILO–F NITS–S–F„MÇY–pNO–QTgJvLp  cW Y–Q |QL EGQLF%v \/FenILEGITS–gJS–S–O–F„FeSVM/Q I $LSsF` O[IF vThFd åd J d cJdTd ILKNºM IVKNMq J5WNDíDåY–S3ORn„FIFVK F $m-|ILFElghS–I^FY–F`GK"QLK/`GK YR`l>\/`lFevTS gJ÷ORQLF O†ºSsF„MPElgJFencORY–`lKNFeMv Y–`GSVpJF%ORF`GEoKJI^`lYRY–%` `o$TIFE E JpNpJIL`GS–vLFVp Q -J|gPY–YåpNF3MPFen2n2QTOR\ F„ITNSsgPFeYRS†IS–Y–`l`GvTQLKJK`dh`ÄnW FLILW KT÷YRQTE OæS–÷` QL„OVF `GKNn2IORKNF„M ITSs`GNKJd^vY–Y–pNQ F |VQLEGq QLv 5S–Dí` „FLQ W$LF„O–pJFeILM ŒKºQLO[MPFOæY–Q/MPF\/QTKNS‹YRORIY–F3Y–pJF)1F /ºn2`GFKhn IKNMÇSsQTgJKNMPKJFeS–S†Q  uj F |F'O ÷QLOR\•FeM Y–F„SsY%ORgJKNS5gNS–`lKNv•ujQLOR_LF„O5Q -‹FencYVO–F JEG`Gn„I^Y–`GQLK4IKhMÇ\/`GvLO[I^Y–`GQLKkW r`GvLgNO–F •MP0F N`Gn2YRS5YRpJFn2QTO–ORF„n2YjORF„'S |QLKNS–FÖQ  óY–QºIK1`GKNn2ORF„ITSsFÖQ  -NITn[_ZvTO–QTgJKNM ElI%QZSsIL`GMKJvTQLElK]F†u†IÖQTu†O–QT_TO–F_TOÂFQ O-Q ‹F-„nc‹F„Yencd„Y`ÄW FLpNW„QTY–SspJY„F†W  O–F FJElh`onF„IO Y–÷QT`GQLO–K=\/\/FeMF„n[Y‹phujIQÖKJY–`oSsFe\ S‹Yu5ORgJILKNSkSS–uVuV`l`YRYRn[p pJFe=M=SsQ F Zd„gJEGFQPKNnInF„Y–F„SMÖILKNQTKM Y–pJFVSRI\/Fæ`GKJ`lY–`oIEGE gNKJElQZILMPFeMKJQPMPF5IKhM\/F„ITSsgJORF„MY–pJFj0F $^ILElgNIY–`GQLKY–`G\•F |FO>Y–9Q hQTElQTv W u†F ND%O–ORQPQLMPgJgNKNnM"F„M]Y–pJFFHaY–0F F$^ORIKNEGILgNENI^EGYRQT`lQTILKªM/QTQ K/YRY–pJpJF Fåu† QTO–^_TYRFpOYR9Q O–-F„‹FF„n2YRYæQ |pJQLQZEGS‹QLYev dTuVpJMP`ogJn[ORp]`GKJEGF„vºILYRM]pJY–F QhIORSsSsY3`GvLYRKJF„`SshYån„ORIgJKZK Y `lKNnO–FeILS–F`GKªY–9Q hQTElQTv 0F $^IEGgNIY–`GQLK"YR`l\/FLWÂt5pJF•gJK ÊI $TQLO[I -JEGFS–`YRgNI^YR`lQTKª`GSÖnQLORO–FencY–E O–0F & SsQT%E $TF„M - YRpJF%EGQTILM -NILEGILKNn2F„OæIKhM]IÖ\•`GvLO[I^YR`lQTK/Q ¸Y–pJF3u†QTO–_TFOQ -‹F„ncYæY–QILK•gNKJElQZILMPFeM pJQTSsYV`G S |F'O ÷QLOR\/F„MÂW r`GKNILElE d >`GvLgJORF =MPF„\•QTKNSsY–O[I^Y–FeSpJQ^u9Y–pJF3I $TFO[IvTFæ0F $^ILElgNIY–`GQLK•Y–`G\/F |FOYRQ |QLEGQLv n2EoILSRS3`o S NO–QTvLORF„SRSs` $LF„E -hF„`lKJv`l\ JORQ $LFeM - ÇS–g -NS–F ZgJFKZYÖIgPYRQL\]I^YR`Gnu†QTO–_TFO%9Q -‹F„n2Y O–F JEl`onIY–`GQLKNS |F'O ÷QLOR\/F„M - ÇdJn2QT\ hIORF„M/YRQ/I•ORgJKÇuV`lY–p"ILgPY–QT\/IY–`on3OR0F NEl`onIY–`GQLK SsuV`lYRn[pJFeM1Q W


+

+ =87 N/ 7

`_ .9 7




^

_






+

 9J7

9

" 7




^

.5

_




ZLXji




.9



ZLXji

9J7




" 587

 2




$















^


8^







ZhXji

2




0


/








 



†gJO–ORFKZYÖu†QTO–_ ÷QPn2ghSsFeSå\]IL`lKJE QLK -JgJ`GEGMJ`lKJv"I1SsFY–`åpJQL\/F0&ÄEG`l_TF % MP`oS‹YRO–` -JgPYRF„M Jp & lY–E QTORvLFF)FK `lK÷NF„O–O–QTF„KNvLO[n2IF)\ IEG-NvLQTITO–SsFe`lY–MåpJQT\ K)MPY–pJFeS–F n O–` -|F„

MºJ`GORK QYRQanÄQLWaED ILKNNMåIY–O[pJIFEGElF„KNE|Qf $LFU E^O[I& -NKhILMPS–QLF„\/M ` NF„O–QLM Y–^MQPY `oS‹YR|O–F3` -J`oS5gPYRIF„E%M& O–FeILM -|F`GKJv=F $mILElghI^Y–FeMÂW  `lY–pJ`GK/Y–pN`GSnQLKZY–FHaYu†F JEoIK•Y–Q=ORgJK -J`GvMP`oS‹YRO–` -JgPYRF„M Jp ElQ & vLFKNF2Y–`onVYRO–F„F3nILEGngJEoI^Y–`GQLKhSuV`lY–pMNI^YRISsFYRS÷O–QT\ YRpJFåD íMJI^Y[I-NITSsFTdLgNS–`GKJvYRpJFåI $^I`GE%& I -JEGF%ORF„S–QLgJO[n2FeSI^YYRpJFå t !åf W JgJO–Y–pJF„O–\/QTO–FTdu†F3uV`lEGEhujQLOR_QTK ÷gJO–Y–pJF„O†`G\ JO–Q$a`GKJv=QLgNO ORILKNMPQL\/` FeM]Y–ORFFÖ`GK ÷FORFKhn2F=IEGvLQTO–`lY–pJ\4d - FHZYRORITncYR`lKJv/ILMNMP`YR`lQTKNIEÂ`GK ÷QTO–\]I^YR`lQTK ÷ORQL\ Y–n2pJQLF=KZYRS–F2F2HaYVYVQ u†rF)Y–ORpNFIF„$LS5FÖn„IIEoEGn2ORgJF„ILEoI^M YRF„MÇ`lKZMJY–F„gJvLO–O[`GKJI^v•YRF„Y–M]pNYRF)pJ`GF=KJ`ln2Y–QT`oIKN3E SsF„JKNphS–ILgNS–S†FåY–Q ORkFFY–pNJFÖORQLILvLElvTO[QLIOR\ `YRpJV\4q W ) X!`YR)pJ`lXK1! YRpJ`GS `lKZY–Q/QTgJ O NIO[IEGEGF3E JORQYRQY hFTW





R 0



c  /




V+




`_









^

`_









L

9






  0 





eÒ   ’G {R‰‹‰‹‘e{[TŠŒ{e}[—e{%¦å‘e ]8 ˜5‚„€ˆ} ŠŸö Œ‰‹Æ €ˆ¨Z ”L8 ‹Ë{cš=Ï ™Tƒˆ{[™Tš=™Zƒˆ{[€ˆ^}c‚s‚‹€ˆ‹‘„€ˆ‘eZ%Š5‚‚aaÏ%Ï ˜5^{[‹ŠŒ{R€ˆ‰‹§e‘e3™P‘„{R’a‰s‚‚ ¨Zƒˆ‚2{凄œ‚ Lö ŠŸ‹Æ {[š=  Š Ë ˜ ‹{–‰‹aœ‚‹Ñm€ˆ‘„¤ a a‚„›>ƒL›>~a‘„‚T™TÈÈ ú û†Ë ü Ë  š  ‚  Õj‚„ƒ ú ÒcÑeÑe¤ ü û  Ó %ÎT‚™Z{[ƒˆ™LŠŒ‰‹{[‘mZ‚„ŠŸ}s‹~h{[€ˆ  N—  a“•  8 ‘ekƒ  ‡e‘eƒˆ‡m”T‘„‹ƒ÷€ˆ ˆ‘e—Zr‚‘„‰Œƒ÷4 NÒ2Œ‰‹¤^{R  {[ŠåÒ[Ñe’l‰‹¢‘eÒ šA¡e˜5Ðe¢2Ì È¡mû ¤„Ð ŠŒ{ ”T{[Z}R{[Š 8 û š‚çL€ˆš)”Tš ƒˆ€ñe{[ƒˆ€~T‘^‘Ï ¡L VÉV ‘Õ3‰‹¨P ˆ—^{Rø4‰c— ‘e ƒˆ€ˆ ˆZ—ŠŒñ^“•^”Z—TƒœPÏL ‘^— ‘eh~a—‚“Œs‚ ˆ—}–~Zz‚~T‰Œ{[€ˆ‚ƒ{–—Tú ‰czj—   8T ˆz—ü €ˆ¦5š=‚€ˆZ‘T§%—Î>‹~Z —{†¦j‚„T”Z}[™L{[sŠŸ‚L‹‘„— ‰Æ ‘ ˆ’|— ‹|~T‚„{†™PÕ {[ÏT†{[Š[ȋ— Òæû ™a ˆ‚—raÕ5ÏL{[‚„š=~Th€ˆ} — Ë ŠŸ Œ‰s‚€ˆZŠ[ aœL}[€ˆ{[T}[{e—k‘eƒ  aӄ¢„¢L  ú ÓÔeÔ„Ô ü Ò2¤„¢„ÑȋÒ2¤ÑeÐ 











¥T  ‘’{R‰‹™Tš=~€ˆL€Nƒˆ‘e— §„k{[Z  œJ{– ˆ‹— €}3ö Œƒˆ‰‹ŠŒ{[{[{[hŠV—|‘„¦å¨T  s‚„ ˆ—€ˆT“•{cÏ{RZ¨^§e]{–‰‹šŠŒ{[‚2hçT—N€ˆšåÉ֔Z  kšÖ ˆ— Èʃˆr€ñe‚{[ŠŸƒˆ‹€~T{c‚„‘^ƒ ‘—ÂÏ]œJ‚„  8|Z“/‚„ƒŽL‚2õĊŒ‘„€Š[‰‹ ¸€ŽÄ“•È÷‘e‰‹”Zƒ   ƒˆ{Ö}[€ˆ‘e‘„ƒ Z  ŠŒk{[T‡mŠŒ‘„”Zƒ  Š —  k‘eƒ  NÒ[¥L  ú Ò[ÑeÑm¤ ü ÒcӄÑe¤2ȋÒc¡„ÔmÓ £  š=N€ˆ{RaÏT‹{–Š[‰‹ š=6{[‰‹€ˆ‘^{R}[‰c{R—%{c“ÏT€ˆZ  8 §„Š%N‘m‘„‚e’æÏ,Ó2a“/Ï ‚a^‚‹§e{R‰‹{[aš=‚2{[‹^€ˆ‘eÇa‚’o‘ƒr‰4œL˜5š=€ˆŠŸ™PŒ‰‹‘e€ˆŠŒ¨Z€ˆ”L”Z‹š {cÏ ‘eÇö ˜5¨õŸ€ˆ{[ŠŸ}RŒ‰‹Œ€ˆÈ ¨Zö ”L‰‹‹€ˆ{c{[Ï^‹{cÏ ¨õŸ{R}R‹‡LŠ%€Ž‰‹‚„‘„ZTÏ È ö Z ™ T ™  ƒ ˆ € c } 2 ‚ ‹  ˆ € e ‘ Z  Š ˜  ÔeÔ ü   Ë   Ë  ›>‘„š=™Z”L‹{R‰æœL‘^}R€{–Ä^— ú ӄÔeÔ„Ô ü £„Ñ2ÈÄЄ¢ ö ú û û ÐL  Nœ^L€ˆaŠŸÏT‹{[{–š=‰‹š={[ {[€ˆ{R‰c—Z“}[‘„ Z8}[k{[™L€ˆ/ÉV’o‘‘„‰Zƒˆ‘mž[{R‚„™Tύšž[”L‚„‰Z‚„|§„‚„š=ŠŸ‹{[‡e^{R>‰Œè€ˆ‚ƒˆÏT‹€ˆ”TŠŸZŒ‰‹§=€ˆ¨Z€ˆ”L•‹‡e{cÏ={R‰Œ‹‘e{[¨€ˆõŸƒŽ‹{[{[}R/ŒÈʑ‘e‰‹¨€õŸ{R{Rñ‹‹{[‘ω‹€ˆŠŸ{[L^ŠŸ‹‹€{[{–š=‰Œ‹Š{[   úû ü 6~h  ˜) L‹~Z{RŠŒ€Š[ Zz|{[}s~ZT€ˆ}c‚„ƒN…jT€‡e{R‰‹ŠŒ€ŽÄ‘„’r“•”TZ€ˆ}–~ ú ӄԄÔmÓ ü ¤  }Rö ‘eƒˆZŠŒ{[ŠŸŒN‰‹—”T¦å}R‹ €ˆ‘e ˆ4—‘“/’‚™Z‹~^ŠŒ”aLÏTƒˆ‘e‚L§„—r{[ZÕå{R ˆ‹—k€ˆ}ÖÕ5Œ‚‰‹§e{[ŠŸ{RŒŠå‰‹‘e‘š/’— ˜5Æ Ì  — ö ŠŒ{‡m^{R”Z‰‹¨P{[{RT{[}[ñP{[Š%— Æ ”ZŠŒ  €ˆ8kT’ §/‚„ŠŸš‹˜j‚ÌçL€ˆûš)š=”Tš ƒ 8 ûƒˆ€ˆñm{[‹ƒˆ‘^€ˆ~Z‘„ƒæ‘^‘’G‘„ÏJ‰   > › „ ‘ = š Z ™ L ” c    Z ™ T ™ ÷ ƒ   ˆ € „ ‘ Œ Š [ } €    r‘„ƒ÷ NÒcÔ  ú Ò[Ñeф¥ ü ¥TÒRû ÈÊ¥e¢ — û  ¢L %ò áZà0/åá
132 ~T‘eš={[™Z‚„§e{„—aò Üêhëíì ÏL‘cèZƒˆ‘m‚„Ï 8 ÑL 3»mœ­m{c­‚‰‹Ú }s
~’G‘„Àm‰ÀmÀmÁ 繄Œµ^‰s¶Â‚2‹¾Œ{R³c‰Œ´k‰‹¾{[­eŠŸ¿Œ‰‹¯>€‚„¾µ^ƒ ¶ Ë ^‹ {[¬ƒˆ­ƒˆ€®[§„¯a{[®eZ­^}R®2{%° ‚ æ·^¶Õj¬‘„¶š=®„·L{)Ã28 »k¾»m­2¯a² Ò[ÔL 3»mœ^œ­ms{ ‚„­^šÚ”Z{[
‚2^s‹‚„€¬„ñ‚„¶e€ˆƒŠ[­L—‚„³„aû ®„Ï ­e  6¸»L6¹[ —¯T‚2N‰s¶Â‚„”a¾ŒƒˆÏL¬mƒˆ{[¬eèƒ ²|€ˆ§L6¾ Á—a~^¶ezjL·„ƒ ˆ°‘„—Z¶^§e“•²e{[T¶{[€ˆ{R{R‹¾Ÿ‰c€ˆ¶„}/—TµeÕå¿zh ˆ‰‹—{Rø4{]‘e›ƒŽ’‚„—Pƒˆ}[“”Tƒ  ‚‹  8€ˆ‘eÜTŠ êhëí‚„ì ŠŒ{c8 Ϫû ‘eÎaª‚ŠŸ‹~Z6{•‰‹“/‘„§„‚‰sçL‚„€ˆš š)”T’G‘„š ‰  N€ˆñm{[ƒˆ€ˆ~Z‘^‘Ïð“•{R‹~Z‘ÏJ  6‰‹‘^}[{[{cÏL€T§eŠ/‘’Ò[ŠŸ Ë   ý›>‘„š=™Z”T‹{–‰]œ‘^}[€ˆ{RÄ  €ˆ‘e€ˆT’G‘„‰‹š‚‹€ˆ}[Š ҄Òe 3€ˆ›>œ^šås‘„‚„”ZTšš ’G{R‚2‰‹sN{[‚„Z€ññe}R€ˆ{[{ Š[ƒˆ—€ú~Tû›‘^œ ‘6ÏL ˆÈʗ ¨aӄh‚Ԅ”ZŠŒÔm{cÏLÓ Ï èü   €ˆ6k˧T ~^—|L zjƒˆî‘e ˆ—§„›>{[“•Z‘e{[{Rš=€ˆ‹{R€ˆ™T‰c}”T—|zh‹Õå{R‰‹‰† ˆ{[—N{œø4‘^›>}[‘e‘„€ˆƒŽ{Rš=’Ä— ™Z“”Tú sӄ  ‚2Ԅ ‹Ôm8 €ˆÓ‘eû üZ}[Š3}[{[”ZƒˆŠŒ{R€ˆ‰sT‚2§Ç‹€ˆZœL§”Z¨L6Œ‰‹‚{[‰s{ ‚ƒˆƒ{Rƒ”Z“/‚„ƒˆ‚€ŽÄç È k{[}R‹‘‰‹Š[  6‰‹‘^}R{[{cÏT€ˆT§eŠ‘„’VœL”Z™P{–‰‹}[‘eš=™T”T‹€ˆZ§Ç›>‘„T’o{–‰‹{[Z}[{ ú œZ›ӄԄÔmÓ ü   Ë    ›>‘„š=™Z”L‹{R‰ ÒcÓ 3œœ^œ s‘^Æ ‚„}[¢„š€ˆ{RÔeÄԄ‚2 sÔ‚„Ȑú Î>ñÓ€ˆÒVÔeŠ[Ôm— œÓ ”Zû ü ™P  6¸{R‰‹ ˆ}R— ‘eNš=”a™ZÏ”L荋{R€§L‰c —6Âzj‰‹‘^ ˆ—}[{[“•{[ÏT{[€ˆ€ˆZ{R‰c§„—ÖŠ‘„Õå’r  8Òe  û ‘„ÏZ€ˆ‚„™L‹Õ€ˆZ § Æ ò Ü‚„êhaëíÏ=É ì ‹Ì†‘íø ‹~TÕ { Æ Õjø1€Žs‘„‚„‰‹}sñ^~ZȀ  ö Ë Œ Š T ~ e ‘ N ™    Ó e Ô m Ô Ó ú ü Ò[¡L 3èœ^s€Ž‚„‹~š‚2sçZ‚„ñ“ €ˆŠ[ — û 6   6¸çZ ˆ— “ hk”Z  ÏLè6‰‹€ˆ§T‘^—k}[{Rzj{cÏT  8 €ˆZ6§„~Š]Lƒˆ‘„‘e’ §„{[Z6{–˜ ‹€6r}œZzhӄ‰‹Ô„{[Ôe{ ¡—Ë LÕj’o{R€ˆ§e‰‹{[~ T}[6¸{{R‰Œ‘e’G ‘„‰‹š6>› ‚„Tû}[{"‰‹}s›>~Z€Ž‘„‹š={[}R™Z‹”L”L‰‹s{[‚ŠÈ û  €ˆ‘eƒˆ‘„§„/û ø1‘„‰‹ñŠŒ~Z‘„™ ú Õ Ë › ö “ ü   Ë Ë   î›>‘eš=™Z”L‹{R‰†œL‘^}R€{–Ä ú ӄԄÔe¡ ü ‹  ˆ € „ ‘ a  „ ‚ ƒ ÒR¥T 3‚œ^ƒˆ‹ƒ{R{R胂2€š=‰Œc™T—Nƒˆ›†{[š=  û {[ ˆ^—PsÕj‚‹‚€ˆ‰Œ‘ecª—P˜)‚a ˆ— Ï" ™P{R{R‰Œ‰Œ‰Œ’G^‘„—a‰‹˜)š  ‚„ÉÖT ˆ}[— {ö ‘„ƒˆ’抌{[’ N‚„—NŠŸ‹¦å˜j  Ì  ˆ—Nø1š=ƒr{R‰‹È%Z{–‚]‰Œc™T— ‰‹‘e§ —P‰s‚„θšA€ŠŒ}s’o~Z‘„{–‰Ö‰c—Pšøí‚çL  8€ˆš)6”Z‚š‰ŒÈ ƒˆ€ˆœTñm›{[ƒˆÓ„€ˆ~ZԄ‘^ÔL‘Ò ÏÖ  ™T ~^T ƒˆ‘„î§e{[›>T‘e{Rš=‹€ˆ™T}”T€L‹{R’o{R‰†‰‹œ{RZ‘^}[}[{e€ˆ{R  Ä6 ‰‹‘^ӄ}[Ԅ{RÔL{cÒÏT€ˆZ§„Šr‘’hœLû ”T™P{R‰‹}[‘eš=™T”T‹€ˆZ§5›>‘eL’o{R‰‹{[T}[{†Ó„Ô„ÔLÒ Òc£ 3œ^ú ‹ ˆ{R—èœL‚2‚„‰Œñc~a—Lü ‚2›†‰‹Ëñe  û ‚2‰c ˆ—L—z¸“‚h ˆ——Lθzj€ˆŠŒ  øí~Z{R ˆ‰c— —h øí”Z}s ˆ~Z—k~T“•‘„}2‰‹N“•ú —L”T“ƒƒˆ{[ ˆ—Nü Õ5—‚˜)‰Œc  8 —m˜)‡m ˆ—‘„ƒ ”L{R‹‰Œ€ˆ‘e‰Œ^a—^‚2˜)‰Œ4 ˆ—¨TP€~a‘„ƒˆ‚‘eZ§„§L"— k‚„a ˆ—^Ïø4}[{–‘e‰‹š=Z{R™T‰Œ”TcÈ — szh‚2‘^‹‘e€ˆ‘eƒˆŠæa‚’G‘„ƒ‰j§„›>‰‹€‘eÏTš=Š[  ™TËĔT s“ › aû ‚ƒœZ› €ˆö ‘„ƒÌ󑄧„^Ò[Ñe  ÑeÑÒ[Ñe›>Ñ„Ñ ‘eš=™T”Ts‚2‹€‘„a‚ƒ  €ˆ‘eƒˆ‘e§"ø4‘„‰‹ñŠŒ~T‘e™ 8œL‘„’lÄ肉‹{ 2 ‚ ‹   € „ ‘ Ò[ÐL %z~T{ û Æ  ™T‰‹‘2õŸ{R}R 8 »^­e­ Ú
  2ÀmÀmÀ ¾Ÿ®· Á ú Ù»L¹R¯Zü ¶Â¾µ^¶