systems architect specialist root knowledge aspect architect breadth of
knowledge depth of knowledge. Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical
Success ...
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? by Gerrit Muller HSN-NISE e-mail:
[email protected] www.gaudisite.nl
Abstract System architects are scarce. If we want to search or educate potential system architects, then it is useful to know factors that determine the success of system architects. In this presentation we look at 4 areas: nature, education, environment and experience. We will make these areas more specific by quantification and illustration.
Environment variation feedback stimulating
Distribution Experience
This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged.
October 20, 2017 status: draft version: 1.3
Education
patterns skills
Nature
Decomposing Contributing Factors
Environment variation feedback stimulating
Experience
Education
patterns skills
Nature Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 2 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAdecomposition
Structure of this Presentation 5. Environment 6. Conclusion
4. Experience
1. Architect
2. Education
3. Nature Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 3 Gerrit Muller
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October 20, 2017 DTAdecompositionContent
5. Environment 6. Conclusion
4. Experience
1. Architect
3. Nature Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 4 Gerrit Muller
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October 20, 2017 DTAlogoArchitect
2. Education
Observed Typical Growth of System Architects
root technical knowledge
generalist technical knowledge
business, application insight process insight
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 5 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 MATsystemArchitectGrowth
psychosocial skills
From Specialist to Generalist
all-round specialist
specialist
depth of knowledge
breadth of knowledge
systems architect aspect architect
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 6 Gerrit Muller
root knowledge
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 MATfromSpecialistToSystemArchitect
including
solution
individuals (human factors)
context fitting
including
people scope
Different Architecting Scopes
portfolio architect product line architect
stakeholders
architect technical sound
designers (process)
technology only context technology
system architect
including
architect function
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 7 Gerrit Muller
product
product scope portfolio product line
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 MSarchitectingScope
5. Environment 6. Conclusion
4. Experience
2. Education
1. Architect
3. Nature Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 8 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAlogoEducation
Proposed Curriculum for System Architects root technical know-how
generalist technical know-how
apply theory in practice
business, application insight process insight
become all-round
experience the non-technical aspects
psycho-social skills see every human as an individual
architecture school mathematics physics chemistry mechanical engineering computer science electronical engineering
ESA SW ESA silicon
ESA s ystem
ESA mechatronics
System design methods
Architectural reasoning
SARCH ESA
stakeholders
Execution architecture
Thomas Gilb - EVO, requirements eng
reliability
engineering QFD and more
Bredemeyer Role of the architect
Bredemeyer SW architecture
marketing, process
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 9 Gerrit Muller
advanced SARCH
and many more
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 FARcurriculumSA
legend conventional curriculums
available external missing
Overview of CAFCR framework method outline framework submethods
method visualization Customer
Application
+ key drivers + value chain + business models + supplier map
+ stakeholders and concerns + context diagram + entity relationship models + dynamic models
Realization
+ use case + commercial, logistics decompositions + mapping technical functions and several more
+ construction decomposition + functional decomposition + information model and many more
+ budget + benchmarking + performance analysis + safety analysis and many more
safety performance
a priori solution know-how
market vision
story
U" U'
CoO
use case
analyse design
image quality U throughput
diagnostic quality
reasoning
Conceptual
objectives
integration via qualities explore specific details
Functional
T
S
purchase price
BoM
B profit margin standard workstation
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 10 Gerrit Muller
analyse design
IQ spec typical case
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 AMOoverview
detailed design
render engine
CPU budget Moore's law memory budget common console
P' M processing library pixel depth memory limit
P
M'
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
number of details
Connecting System Design to Detailed Design
system system requirements
design decisions
multidisciplinary
parts connections lines of code
monodisciplinary
and growing every year....
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 11 Gerrit Muller
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October 20, 2017 RATWpyramid
Organizational Problem: Disconnect
Customer
Application
Functional
Conceptual
Realisation
gap
objectives
system requirements design decisions parts connections lines of code and growing every year....
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 12 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 RATWdisconnect
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
What does Customer need in Product and Why?
Architect: Connecting Problem and Technical Solution What does Customer need in Product and Why?
Customer
Application
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
Functional
Conceptual
Realisation
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 13 Gerrit Muller
number of details
objectives
system requirements design decisions parts connections lines of code
and growing every year....
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 RATWbreadthAndDepth
10
6
10
7
100 Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 14 Gerrit Muller
stretch
10
5
system architect
10
4
senior engineer
10
3
stretch
10
2
stretch
10
1
engineer
10
0
number of details
Major Bottleneck: Mental Dynamic Range
10
1 version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 RATWmentalDynamicRange
5. Environment 6. Conclusion
4. Experience
2. Education
1. Architect
3. Nature Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 15 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAlogoNature
4
3
2
1
communication teamwork documentation multitasking flexible, open authority by expertise specialist generalist conceptual pragmatic constructive critical fast absorption of knowledge creativity manual skills process insight political insight improvement completeness schedule monitor progress initial cost decision making customer value sales features commercial insight coaching selection appraisal motivation
Profile of an ”Ideal” System Architect 9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 16 Gerrit Muller October 20, 2017 FPsystemArchitect
version: 1.3
4
3
2
1
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5
4
3
2
1
communication teamwork documentation multitasking flexible, open authority by expertise specialist generalist conceptual pragmatic constructive critical fast absorption of knowledge creativity manual skills process insight political insight improvement completeness schedule monitor progress initial cost decision making customer value sales features commercial insight coaching selection appraisal motivation
For Comparison: Profile of a Project Leader
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 17 Gerrit Muller October 20, 2017 FPoperationalLeader
version: 1.3
5
4
3
2
1
Project Leader vs System Architect project leader system architect interpersonal skills 9,0
communication teamwork documentation multi-tasking flexible, open auth by expertise
8,0
specialist generalist
7,0
human resource man coaching selection appraisal motivation
know-how
6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0
commercial
reasoning power
customer value sales feature commercial insight
project man
completeness schedule monitor progress initial cost decision making Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 18 Gerrit Muller
process process insight politics insight improvement
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAspiderDiagram
conceptual pragmatic constructive critical absorption knhw creativity
Most Discriminating Characteristics
• Generalist • Multi-tasking • Authority by expertise • Constructive critical • Balance between conceptual and pragmatic Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 19 Gerrit Muller
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October 20, 2017 DTAdiscriminatingCharacteristics
5. Environment 6. Conclusion
4. Experience
2. Education
1. Architect
3. Nature
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 20 Gerrit Muller
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October 20, 2017 DTAlogoExperience
Example: Trapezoid Pattern gradient field generation TE
Look up table
invert contrast / brightness
RF
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 21 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAtrapezoidPatterns
expose
step
Gy
expose
Gx
vx
contrast
output
TR
Gz
brightness
input
wafer stage movement vy
grey level mapping
t
From SW input to physical Effect (x 3, y 3)
(x 1, y 1)
..
(x n, y n)
discrete samples (1, v 1 ) (2, v 2 )
. . .
analog signal V(t)
DAC
mechanical optical or physical effect [m/s] [mT/m]
(t, v t)
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 22 Gerrit Muller
actuation
breakpoints
conversion
(x 2, y 2)
computation
(x 1, y 1)
(x 4, y 4)
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAtrapezoidChain
Discretization effects
input is discrete output is discrete potential problems: staircase effects not all values can be reached impact on frequency domain broken invariants (surface) potential benefits: optimized algoritms (fixed point)
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 23 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAtrapezoidDiscretization
f(x)
Example of Discretization Problem
false contour
10 bits pixel value 8 bits pixel value x Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 24 Gerrit Muller
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October 20, 2017 MITORfalseContouring
Example of Generic Smoothing Consideration
discontinuity in first derivative
smooth
smooth curves prevent artefacts (vibration, image, clipping) Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 25 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAtrapezoidContinuity
Architects Collect a Rich Set of Patterns
time
architects move from: product to product environment to environment
legend environment system
architects experience: thousands of patterns design patterns in systems process patterns in environments human patterns in environments Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 26 Gerrit Muller
design pattern process pattern human pattern
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAexperience
5. Environment 6. Conclusion
4. Experience
2. Education
1. Architect
3. Nature Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 27 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAlogoEnvironment
Simplified Decomposition of the Business
logistics production service
People Technology Process
Needs and Feedback
People, Process, and Technology Management Process
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 PDBprocessDecomposition
People Technology Process
Product-related processes
Technical Product Documentation
Needs and Feedback
Customer-Oriented Process
Product Creation Process
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 28 Gerrit Muller
Support
$$
Product
Order
Information
presales sales material
Budget, plan
Product roadmap Budgets
Technology, Process, and People roadmaps
Policy and Planning Process
Product Needs and feedback
Business Drivers
Customer Roadmap
customer
$$
Line Organization Stovepipe CEO
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 29 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAlineOrganization
customer support
commercial
sales
software engineering
electrical engineering
research & engineering
mechanical engineering
purchasing
logistics
manufacturing
goods flow
human resource management
marketing
finance & administration
Business Organization Stovepipe
business unit 1
product/market oriented
business unit 2
product/market oriented
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 30 Gerrit Muller
project 1 project 2 project 3 project 4 version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAbusinessOrganization
competence, skill oriented synergy, re-use driven long term
introvert
d co omi mp na lem ting en sto tar ve y c pip ult e ure s?
project 1
project 3 project 4
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 31 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAmatrixOrganization
customer support
sales
marketing
software engineering
purchasing
logistics
customer oriented result driven short term
manufacturing
extrovert
electrical engineering
project 2
mechanical engineering
or
Different Concerns
Positioning System Architecting
Support
$$
Product
Order
Information
ng P ro c e
Co n
People Technology Process
ss Product Creation Process
People, Process, and Technology Management Process
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 32 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 SAPprocessSimplified
People Technology Process
Customer-Oriented Process Product related processes
tect i
logistics production service
Sta int keProduct Technical era hold Documentation cti er on
Arc hi
material
tex t, V
isio n
ms
presales sales
Needs and Feedback
Product roadmap
Budgets
Technology, Process and People roadmaps
Sys te
Budget, plan
Policy and Planning Process
Product Needs Rea and feedback lity
che ck
Business Drivers
Customer Roadmap
customer
$$
What Can We Do to Improve the Environment?
systems engineering as discipline job rotation stimulate architect exposure stretch all engineers cultivate customer & market oriented culture share and invest in future exploration and vision
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 33 Gerrit Muller
version: 1.3
October 20, 2017 DTAenvironmentFactors
5. Environment
6. Conclusion
4. Experience
1. Architect
2. Education
3. Nature
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 34 Gerrit Muller
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October 20, 2017 DTAlogoConclusion
Conclusion Environment : stimulate job rotation expose engineers recognize multi-disciplinary
Customer objectives
Experience : >1000 design patterns and process patterns
Application
Functional
Conceptual
Education : How to educate, stimulate depth and breadth? Nature : Foster engineers with architect potential
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 35 Gerrit Muller
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October 20, 2017 DTAconclusion
Realisation