Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?

Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? by Gerrit Muller HSN-NISE e-mail: [email protected] www.gaudisite.nl

Abstract System architects are scarce. If we want to search or educate potential system architects, then it is useful to know factors that determine the success of system architects. In this presentation we look at 4 areas: nature, education, environment and experience. We will make these areas more specific by quantification and illustration.

Environment variation feedback stimulating

Distribution Experience

This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged.

October 20, 2017 status: draft version: 1.3

Education

patterns skills

Nature

Decomposing Contributing Factors

Environment variation feedback stimulating

Experience

Education

patterns skills

Nature Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 2 Gerrit Muller

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAdecomposition

Structure of this Presentation 5. Environment 6. Conclusion

4. Experience

1. Architect

2. Education

3. Nature Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 3 Gerrit Muller

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAdecompositionContent

5. Environment 6. Conclusion

4. Experience

1. Architect


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAlogoArchitect

2. Education

Observed Typical Growth of System Architects

root technical knowledge

generalist technical knowledge

business, application insight process insight

Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 5 Gerrit Muller

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 MATsystemArchitectGrowth

psychosocial skills

From Specialist to Generalist

all-round specialist

specialist

depth of knowledge

breadth of knowledge

systems architect aspect architect


root knowledge

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 MATfromSpecialistToSystemArchitect

including

solution

individuals (human factors)

context fitting

including

people scope

Different Architecting Scopes

portfolio architect product line architect

stakeholders

architect technical sound

designers (process)

technology only context technology

system architect

including

architect function


product

product scope portfolio product line

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 MSarchitectingScope


4. Experience

2. Education

1. Architect


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAlogoEducation

Proposed Curriculum for System Architects root technical know-how

generalist technical know-how

apply theory in practice

business, application insight process insight

become all-round

experience the non-technical aspects

psycho-social skills see every human as an individual

architecture school mathematics physics chemistry mechanical engineering computer science electronical engineering

ESA SW ESA silicon

ESA s ystem

ESA mechatronics

System design methods

Architectural reasoning

SARCH ESA

stakeholders

Execution architecture

Thomas Gilb - EVO, requirements eng

reliability

engineering QFD and more

Bredemeyer Role of the architect

Bredemeyer SW architecture

marketing, process


advanced SARCH

and many more

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 FARcurriculumSA

legend conventional curriculums

available external missing

Overview of CAFCR framework method outline framework submethods

method visualization Customer

Application

+ key drivers + value chain + business models + supplier map

+ stakeholders and concerns + context diagram + entity relationship models + dynamic models

Realization

+ use case + commercial, logistics decompositions + mapping technical functions and several more

+ construction decomposition + functional decomposition + information model and many more

+ budget + benchmarking + performance analysis + safety analysis and many more

safety performance

a priori solution know-how

market vision

story

U" U'

CoO

use case

analyse design

image quality U throughput

diagnostic quality

reasoning

Conceptual

objectives

integration via qualities explore specific details

Functional

T

S

purchase price

BoM

B profit margin standard workstation


analyse design

IQ spec typical case

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 AMOoverview

detailed design

render engine

CPU budget Moore's law memory budget common console

P' M processing library pixel depth memory limit

P

M'

10

0

10

1

10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

6

10

7

10

8

number of details

Connecting System Design to Detailed Design

system system requirements

design decisions

multidisciplinary

parts connections lines of code

monodisciplinary

and growing every year....


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 RATWpyramid

Organizational Problem: Disconnect

Customer

Application

Functional

Conceptual

Realisation

gap

objectives

system requirements design decisions parts connections lines of code and growing every year....


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 RATWdisconnect

How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions

What does Customer need in Product and Why?

Architect: Connecting Problem and Technical Solution What does Customer need in Product and Why?

Customer

Application

How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions

Functional

Conceptual

Realisation

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108


number of details

objectives

system requirements design decisions parts connections lines of code

and growing every year....

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 RATWbreadthAndDepth

10

6

10

7

100 Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 14 Gerrit Muller

stretch

10

5

system architect

10

4

senior engineer

10

3

stretch

10

2

stretch

10

1

engineer

10

0

number of details

Major Bottleneck: Mental Dynamic Range

10

1 version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 RATWmentalDynamicRange


4. Experience

2. Education

1. Architect


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAlogoNature

4

3

2

1

communication teamwork documentation multitasking flexible, open authority by expertise specialist generalist conceptual pragmatic constructive critical fast absorption of knowledge creativity manual skills process insight political insight improvement completeness schedule monitor progress initial cost decision making customer value sales features commercial insight coaching selection appraisal motivation

Profile of an ”Ideal” System Architect 9 9

8 8

7 7

6 6

5 5

Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 16 Gerrit Muller October 20, 2017 FPsystemArchitect

version: 1.3

4

3

2

1

9 9

8 8

7 7

6 6

5

4

3

2

1

communication teamwork documentation multitasking flexible, open authority by expertise specialist generalist conceptual pragmatic constructive critical fast absorption of knowledge creativity manual skills process insight political insight improvement completeness schedule monitor progress initial cost decision making customer value sales features commercial insight coaching selection appraisal motivation

For Comparison: Profile of a Project Leader

Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 17 Gerrit Muller October 20, 2017 FPoperationalLeader

version: 1.3

5

4

3

2

1

Project Leader vs System Architect project leader system architect interpersonal skills 9,0

communication teamwork documentation multi-tasking flexible, open auth by expertise

8,0

specialist generalist

7,0

human resource man coaching selection appraisal motivation

know-how

6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0

commercial

reasoning power

customer value sales feature commercial insight

project man

completeness schedule monitor progress initial cost decision making Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 18 Gerrit Muller

process process insight politics insight improvement

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAspiderDiagram

conceptual pragmatic constructive critical absorption knhw creativity

Most Discriminating Characteristics

• Generalist • Multi-tasking • Authority by expertise • Constructive critical • Balance between conceptual and pragmatic Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 19 Gerrit Muller

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAdiscriminatingCharacteristics


4. Experience

2. Education

1. Architect

3. Nature


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAlogoExperience

Example: Trapezoid Pattern gradient field generation TE

Look up table

invert contrast / brightness

RF


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAtrapezoidPatterns

expose

step

Gy

expose

Gx

vx

contrast

output

TR

Gz

brightness

input

wafer stage movement vy

grey level mapping

t

From SW input to physical Effect (x 3, y 3)

(x 1, y 1)

..

(x n, y n)

discrete samples (1, v 1 ) (2, v 2 )

. . .

analog signal V(t)

DAC

mechanical optical or physical effect [m/s] [mT/m]

(t, v t)


actuation

breakpoints

conversion

(x 2, y 2)

computation

(x 1, y 1)

(x 4, y 4)

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAtrapezoidChain

Discretization effects

input is discrete output is discrete potential problems: staircase effects not all values can be reached impact on frequency domain broken invariants (surface) potential benefits: optimized algoritms (fixed point)


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAtrapezoidDiscretization

f(x)

Example of Discretization Problem

false contour

10 bits pixel value 8 bits pixel value x Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 24 Gerrit Muller

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 MITORfalseContouring

Example of Generic Smoothing Consideration

discontinuity in first derivative

smooth

smooth curves prevent artefacts (vibration, image, clipping) Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 25 Gerrit Muller

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAtrapezoidContinuity

Architects Collect a Rich Set of Patterns

time

architects move from: product to product environment to environment

legend environment system

architects experience: thousands of patterns design patterns in systems process patterns in environments human patterns in environments Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors? 26 Gerrit Muller

design pattern process pattern human pattern

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAexperience


4. Experience

2. Education

1. Architect


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAlogoEnvironment

Simplified Decomposition of the Business

logistics production service

People Technology Process

Needs and Feedback

People, Process, and Technology Management Process

version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 PDBprocessDecomposition


Product-related processes

Technical Product Documentation

Needs and Feedback

Customer-Oriented Process

Product Creation Process


Support

$$

Product

Order

Information

presales sales material

Budget, plan

Product roadmap Budgets

Technology, Process, and People roadmaps

Policy and Planning Process

Product Needs and feedback

Business Drivers

Customer Roadmap

customer

$$

Line Organization Stovepipe CEO


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAlineOrganization

customer support

commercial

sales

software engineering

electrical engineering

research & engineering

mechanical engineering

purchasing

logistics

manufacturing

goods flow

human resource management

marketing

finance & administration

Business Organization Stovepipe

business unit 1

product/market oriented

business unit 2

product/market oriented


project 1 project 2 project 3 project 4 version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAbusinessOrganization

competence, skill oriented synergy, re-use driven long term

introvert

d co omi mp na lem ting en sto tar ve y c pip ult e ure s?

project 1

project 3 project 4


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAmatrixOrganization

customer support

sales

marketing

software engineering

purchasing

logistics

customer oriented result driven short term

manufacturing

extrovert

electrical engineering

project 2

mechanical engineering

or

Different Concerns

Positioning System Architecting

Support

$$

Product

Order

Information

ng P ro c e

Co n


ss Product Creation Process

People, Process, and Technology Management Process


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 SAPprocessSimplified


Customer-Oriented Process Product related processes

tect i

logistics production service

Sta int keProduct Technical era hold Documentation cti er on

Arc hi

material

tex t, V

isio n

ms

presales sales

Needs and Feedback

Product roadmap

Budgets

Technology, Process and People roadmaps

Sys te

Budget, plan

Policy and Planning Process

Product Needs Rea and feedback lity

che ck

Business Drivers

Customer Roadmap

customer

$$

What Can We Do to Improve the Environment?

systems engineering as discipline job rotation stimulate architect exposure stretch all engineers cultivate customer & market oriented culture share and invest in future exploration and vision


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAenvironmentFactors

5. Environment

6. Conclusion

4. Experience

1. Architect

2. Education

3. Nature


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAlogoConclusion

Conclusion Environment : stimulate job rotation expose engineers recognize multi-disciplinary

Customer objectives

Experience : >1000 design patterns and process patterns

Application

Functional

Conceptual

Education : How to educate, stimulate depth and breadth? Nature : Foster engineers with architect potential


version: 1.3

October 20, 2017 DTAconclusion

Realisation