Department of History Style and Formatting Guide - West Point

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Jul 18, 2013 ... This is a reference guide for formatting Chicago style footnotes and bibliographies in ... Military Man's Viewpoint (New York, NY: Ballantine, 1984), 5. ... ² Barry E. Carter, Phillip R. Trimble, and Allen S. Weiner, International Law.
Revised 23 August 2017

U.S. Military Academy at West Point Department of History Style and Formatting Guide This is a reference guide for formatting Chicago style footnotes and the Bibliography or Works Cited in your history papers at West Point. Use this guide in conjunction with the Documentation of Academic Work and the Little, Brown Handbook. In case of conflicts, this guide takes precedence.

SAMPLE CITATIONS

Book (Print, Single Author) Footnote, first use: ² Dave R. Palmer, Summons of the Trumpet: A History of the Vietnam War from a Military Man's Viewpoint (New York, NY: Ballantine, 1984), 5. Footnote, subsequent consecutive reference to the same work with different page number: ³ Ibid., 4. Footnote, subsequent consecutive reference to the same work with same page number: 5

Ibid.

Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: 7

Palmer, Summons of the Trumpet, 6.

Bibliography or Works Cited: Palmer, Dave R. Summons of the Trumpet: A History of the Vietnam War from a Military Man's Viewpoint. New York, NY: Ballantine, 1984. Book (Print, Two, or Three Authors) Footnote, first use:

USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide ² Barry E. Carter, Phillip R. Trimble, and Allen S. Weiner, International Law (New York, NY: Aspen Publishers, 2007), 7. Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: ³ Carter, Trimble, and Allen, International Law, 9. Bibliography or Works Cited: Carter, Barry E., Phillip R. Trimble, and Allen S. Weiner. International Law. New York, NY: Aspen Publishers, 2007. Book (More Than Three Authors) Footnote, first use: ² Pauline Maier et al., Inventing America: A History of the United States, vol. 2, 2nd ed. (New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006), 507. Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: 5

Maier et al., Inventing America, 508.

Bibliography or Works Cited: Maier, Pauline, Merritt R. Smith, Alexander Keyssar, and Daniel J. Kevles. Inventing America: A History of the United States. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. Edited Volume Footnote, first use: ² Jean S. Pictet, ed., Commentary on Geneva Convention III: Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1960), 8. Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: 5

Pictet, ed., Commentary on Geneva Convention III, 10.

Bibliography or Works Cited: Pictet, Jean S., ed. Commentary on Geneva Convention III: Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1960.

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USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide Chapter in an Edited Volume Footnote, first use: ² Andrew Ross, “Components of Cultural Justice,” in Law in the Domains of Culture, eds. Austin Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns (Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1998), 203. Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: 5

Ross, “Components of Cultural Justice,” 207.

Bibliography or Works Cited: Ross, Andrew. “Components of Cultural Justice.” In Law in the Domains of Culture, edited by Austin Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns, 203-28. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1998. Journal Article When a journal article is obtained via an online database but is a photographic copy of the original publication (usually in pdf format), it is not necessary to cite it as an online source. In this case, simply cite it by the original publication information according to the format below. Footnote, first use: ² Detlev F. Vagts, “Switzerland, International Law and World War II,” American Journal of International Law 91 (1997): 466. Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: 5

Vagts, “Switzerland, International Law and World War II," 467.

Bibliography or Works Cited: Vagts, Detlev F. “Switzerland, International Law and World War II.” American Journal of International Law 91 (1997): 466-75. Newspaper Article When a newspaper article is obtained via an online database but is a photographic copy of the original publication (usually in pdf format), it is not necessary to cite it as an online source. In this case, simply cite it by the original publication information according to the format below.

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USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide Footnote, first use: ² Thomas Erdbrink, “Trying Unlikely Comeback, Ex-Iran President Strikes Chord with Public,” New York Times, May 17, 2013, A9. Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: 5

Erdbrink, “Trying Unlikely Comeback,” A9.

Bibliography or Works Cited: Erdbrink, Thomas. “Trying Unlikely Comeback, Ex-Iran President Strikes Chord with Public.” New York Times, May 17, 2013, A9. Magazine Article Footnote, first use: ² T. Trent Gegax and Evan Thomas, "The Family Business," Newsweek, June 20, 2005, 24. Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: 5

Gegax and Thomas, "The Family Business," 26.

Bibliography or Works Cited: Gegax, T. Trent and Evan Thomas. "The Family Business." Newsweek, June 20, 2005, 24-31. Website Note: Not all web sources are valid for scholarly research. Acceptable web sources include primary sources and scholarly secondary sources. A secondary source is scholarly if it follows at least the same standards of evidence as your paper (it must include footnotes or endnotes). Your instructor may give you additional guidance on web sources. It is not necessary to include non-durable URLs for web sources that were previously published and are merely photographically reproduced in a database (such as JSTOR). In these cases, cite only the original publisher. Footnote, first use: ² “The ICRC since 1945: the Geneva Conventions of 1949,” International Committee of the Red Cross, March 5, 2005, http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/icrcgenevaconventions-revision-1949?opendocument (accessed May 18, 2013).

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USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide Bibliography or Works Cited: “The ICRC since 1945: the Geneva Conventions of 1949.” International Committee of the Red Cross. March 5, 2005. http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/ icrc-genevaconventions-revision-1949?opendocument (accessed May 18, 2013).

Journal Article from Online Database (Not Copied in Original Format) When a journal article in an online database is not a photographic copy but merely text, it is necessary to provide the URL because page numbers will not match those in the original publication. In this case, include only the durable URL to the database, not the temporary URL that is specific to your login session. The temporary URL is not used because it holds no value for a scholar who may attempt to retrace your citation. Normally, durable URLs are much shorter than temporary URLs, whereas temporary URLs often require multiple lines of text. Footnote, first use: James E. Young, “Between History and Memory: The Uncanny Voices of Historian and Survivor,” History and Memory 9 (Fall 1997): 47, http://search.proquest. com/docview/195106272 (accessed July 25, 2013). Bibliography or Works Cited: Young, James E. “Between History and Memory: The Uncanny Voices of Historian and Survivor.” History and Memory 9 (Fall 1997): 47-58. http://search.proquest.com/ docview/195106272 (accessed July 25, 2013). Article Reprinted in USMA History Course Notebook Footnote, first use: ²Alexis de Tocqueville, “How Mores Become More Gentle as Social Conditions Become More Equal, 1840," in HI 103 Course Notebook: History of the United States to 1877 (West Point, NY: Department of History, 1999), 166. Bibliography or Works Cited: Tocqueville, Alexis de. “How Mores Become More Gentle as Social Conditions Become More Equal, 1840.” In HI 103 Course Notebook: History of the United States to 1877, 165-168. West Point, NY: Department of History, 1999. Article Reprinted in USMA History Course Reader Footnote, first use: ² Samuel Adams, "Natural Rights of the Colonists, 1772,” in HI 105 Primary Document Reader: History of the United States (West Point, NY: Department of History, 2013), 13. 5

USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide

Bibliography or Works Cited: Adams, Samuel. "Natural Rights of the Colonists, 1772.” In HI 105 Primary Document Reader: History of the United States. West Point, NY: Department of History, 2013. West Point History of Warfare (iBook edition) Footnote, first use: Edward G. Lengel, “The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves,” in The West Point History of Warfare, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Ty Seidule, vol. 2, American Warfare to 1900, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Samuel J. Watson, iBook version 1.1.2 (New York, NY: Rowan Technology Solutions, 2016), 7-9. 1

Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: 3

Lengel, “The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves,” 8.

Bibliography or Works Cited: Lengel, Edward G. “The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves.” In The West Point History of Warfare. Edited by Clifford J. Rogers and Ty Seidule, vol. 2, American Warfare to 1900, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Samuel J. Watson. iBook version 1.1.2. New York, NY: Rowan Technology Solutions, 2016. West Point History of Warfare (online edition) Footnote, first use: Edward G. Lengel, “The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves,” eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Samuel J. Watson, in The West Point History of Warfare, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Ty Seidule (New York, NY: Rowan Technology Solutions, 2016), 12.11. https://reader.rowan.nyc/#read/47/page/5752 (accessed October 12, 2016). 1

Footnote, subsequent nonconsecutive reference to the same work: Lengel, “The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves,” https://reader.rowan.nyc/#read/47/page/5752. 3

Bibliography or Works Cited: Lengel, Edward G. “The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves.” 6

USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide Edited by Clifford J. Rogers and Samuel J. Watson. In The West Point History of Warfare, 12.11, edited by Clifford J. Rogers and Ty Seidule. New York, NY: Rowan Technology Solutions, 2016. https://reader.rowan.nyc/#read/47/page/5752 (accessed October 12, 2016). Translation Footnote, first use: ² August von Haxthausen, Studies on the Interior of Russia, ed. S. Frederick Starr, trans. Eleanore L. M. Schmidt (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1972), 97. Bibliography or Works Cited: Von Haxthausen, August. Studies on the Interior of Russia. Ed. S. Frederick Starr. Trans. Eleanore L.M. Schmidt. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1972. Quotation from Secondary Source Footnote, first use: ² Richard Overy, Why The Allies Won (New York: W.W. Norton, 1996), 318; quoted in Peter R. Mansoor, The G.I. Offensive in Europe: The Triumph of American Infantry Divisions, 1941-1945 (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1999), 10. Bibliography or Works Cited: Mansoor, Peter R. The G.I. Offensive in Europe: The Triumph of American Infantry Divisions, 1941-1945. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1999. Unpublished Thesis or Dissertation Footnote, first use: ² John Smith, “Napoleon’s Cavalry at Austerlitz” (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1979), 28. Bibliography or Works Cited: Smith, John. “Napoleon’s Cavalry at Austerlitz.” Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1979. Congressional Record (Reports, Bills, or Resolutions) Footnote, first use: ² “Conference Report on H.R. 4310, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013,” 112th Cong., 2nd sess., Congressional Record 158 (December 18, 2012): H 6911-12. 7

USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide Bibliography or Works Cited: “Conference Report on H.R. 4310, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013.” 112th Cong., 2nd sess., 2012. Vol. 158, pt. 1. Congressional Record. 2011-12. Washington, DC. Laws and Statutes Footnote, first use: ² National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013, H.R. 4310, Public Law 239, 112th Congress, 2nd sess. (January 2, 2013), 136. Bibliography or Works Cited: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013. H.R. 4310, Public Law 239. 112th Congress, 2nd sess. (January 2, 2013). Primary Source in a Multi-Volume Collection Footnote, first use: ² Document #7, “Memorandum From Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy,” dated March 14, 1961, in United States Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, Vol. 7, Arms Control and Disarmament (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1995), 19. Bibliography or Works Cited: United States Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963. Vol. 7, Arms Control and Disarmament. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1995. Primary Source from a Untitled Volume in a Multi-Volume Collection Footnote, first use: ² Thomas Jefferson to George Washington, December 4, 1788, in Julian P. Boyd, et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 42 vols. to date (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1958), 14:331. Bibliography or Works Cited: Boyd, Julian P., et al., eds. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. 42 vols. to date. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1950-.

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USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide Primary Source from Archive Footnote, first use: ² Department of State Memorandum of Conversation, “Swiss protest concerning flight of American aircraft over Swiss territory,” dated October 12, 1943, RG 59, Central Decimal File, 1940-1944, decimal 811.2354/25, Box 7352, U.S. National Archives at College Park, MD (hereafter NARA). Bibliography or Works Cited: U.S. National Archives at College Park, MD, Record Group 59.

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USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide

BIBLIOGRAPHY/WORKS CITED GUIDANCE

For history papers provide a list of sources at the end of the paper. Your instructor will tell you whether to provide a Bibliography or a Works Cited. A Bibliography includes all the sources that informed your paper – whether cited or not. A Works Cited includes only works that you have actually cited in your footnotes. The list should be formatted in Times New Roman font, size 12. Center the title WORKS CITED (or BIBLIOGRAPHY) two inches from the top of the page. Your sources should be listed in alphabetical order. If applicable, they should also be organized by primary and secondary sources and then alphabetically. Single-space each source, and double-space between sources. Subsequent lines for each source should be indented five spaces. Bibliography/Works Cited Example:

Indent subsequent lines five spaces

Center title 2" below top of page

Single-space within sources

Double-space between sources

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USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide

GENERAL FORMAT GUIDANCE

Narrative text should be formatted in Times New Roman font, size 12, and double spaced. The paper title should not be repeated before the introduction, as it already appears on the title page. The 1.5-inch margin on the left side of each page allows for the paper to be bound in the brown bomber without the binding encroaching on the text.

Margins are 1.5" on the left, and 1" on the top, right, and bottom

General Format Example:

No extra spaces between body paragraphs

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Last name and page number in the upper right corner through the list of sources

USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide

FOOTNOTE GUIDANCE

Create footnotes through MS Word by selecting "insert footnote" from the "References" tab. This will create a superscript number for you. In the text, the footnote number should appear at the end of the sentence after all punctuation. Consolidate all references in one sentence into one footnote and separate sources with a semi-colon. Footnotes should be formatted in Times New Roman font, size 10. Single-space within each note, and double-space between notes. Footnote Example: Indent first line of notes five spaces

Footnotes can be used to further provide context that is not appropriate to include in the paper body

Ibid. is an abbreviation for ibidem, meaning "the same place," a reference to the preceding citation

Use shortened format for repeated, nonconsecutive notes

Double-space between notes

Acronymize record locations that are used repeatedly

Single-space within notes

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USMA Department of History, Style and Formatting Guide

TITLE PAGE GUIDANCE

Title Page Example: Use spacing guide to ensure proper format

The font is Times New Roman, size 12

Include original titles for original research papers

Include a word count, if applicable. This does not include the title page, block quotations, footnotes, or list of sources

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