Department of Physics Course Structure and Syllabus of Integrated ...

Department of Physics Course Structure and Syllabus of Integrated B.Sc.B.Ed in Physics Minimum Credit requirement: Minimum duration: Maximum duration:

183 5 years (10 semesters) 7 years (14 semesters)

Semester I Course Code Course Name PI 101 Physics I MI 101 Mathematics I

L-T-P 2-0-1 2-1-0

CI 101

Chemistry I

2-0-2

BI 101

Biology I

2-0-1

EG 101

Communicative English

2-0-0

CS 101

Basics in Computer Applications

2-0-1

Total credit

CH Credit Remarks 3 3 To be offered by 3 3 department of Mathematical Sciences To be offered by 4 4 department of Chemical Sciences 3 3 To be offered by department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology To be offered by 2 2 department of English To be offered by 3 3 department of Computer Sc. And Engg. 18

Semester II Course Code Course Name PI 102 Physics II MI 102 Mathematics II

L-T-P 2-0-1 2-1-0

CI 102

Chemistry II

2-0-2

BI 102

Biology II

2-0-1

1

CH Credit Remarks 3 3 To be offered by 3 3 department of Mathematical Sciences To be offered by 4 4 department of Chemical Sciences To be offered by 3 3 department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology

ES 102

Elementary Environmental Science

2-0-0

2

2

Sociology: an Introduction

2-0-0

2

2

NSS/NCC

0-0-2

2

2

SC 102

NS 102 Total Credit

To be offered by department of Environmental Sciences To be offered by department of Sociology To be offered by department of Sociology

19

Semester III Course Code Course Name PI 202 Introductory Quantum Mechanics (Common Paper)

L-T-P 2-1-0

PI 203 PI 205 CI 201

Classical Mechanics Electromagnetism Chemistry-III

2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0

MI 201

Introductory Statistics (Common Paper)

2-1-0

PI 207

Physics Lab-I (Physics major) Physics Lab-II (Non-Physics major)

0-0-3

CH Credit Remarks To be offered to all 3 3 the integrated students of School of Sciences 4 4 3 3 To be offered by 3 3 department of Chemical Sciences To be offered by 2 2 department of Mathematical Sciences. 6 3

0-0-2

4

2

Chemistry Lab-II

0-0-2

4

2

PI 209

CI 211

Total credit ( Physics major )

To be offered to other integrated students of School of Sciences To be offered by department of Chemical Sciences

20

Semester IV Course Code PI 204 PI 214 PI 305

L-T-P 2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0

CH 3 3 3

Credit Remarks 3 3 3

MI 204

Course Name Atomic & Nuclear Physics Electronics (Physics Major) Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics Mathematical Methods & PDE

2-1-0

3

3

CI202

Chemistry IV

2-1-0

3

3

2

To be offered by department of Mathematical Sciences To be offered by

PI 212

Electronics (Non Physics Majors)

2- 1-0

3

3

PI 208

Physics Laboratory-III (Physics Major) Physics Laboratory-IV (For Non-Physics Majors)

0- 0-3

6

3

0- 0-2

4

2

Chemistry Laboratory-IV

0- 0-2

4

2

PI 210

CI 212

Total credit (Physics major)

department of Chemical Sciences To be offered to other integrated students of School of Sciences

To be offered to other integrated students of School of Sciences To be offered by department of Chemical Sciences

20

Semester V Course Code PI 301 PI 303 PI 307 PI 309 PI 311 PI 349

Course Name Mathematical Physics Physical and Geometrical Optics Basic Material Science Analog Electronics & Communications Waves & Acoustics Physics and Computational Lab V

L-T-P 2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0

CH 3 3 3 3

Credit Remarks 3 3 3 3

2-1-0 0-1-4

3 9

3 5

Total credits (Physics Major )

22

Semester VI Course Code Course Name PI 302 Digital Electronics and Microprocessors PI 308 Laser Physics PI 310 Statistical Physics PI 312 Advance Mathematical Physics PI 314 Measurement Physics PI 300 Minor Project

L-T-P 2-0-1

CH Credit Remarks 4 3

2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0 0-0-3

3 3 3 3 6

Total credits (Physics Major)

3 3 3 3 3

To be carried out under the guidance of a faculty member

20

Semester VII

Course Code Course Name

L-T-P

CH Credit Remarks

PI 403

Electrodynamics

2-1-0

3

3

PI 405

Semiconductor Devices Advanced Quantum Mechanics

2-1-0

3

3

2-1-0

3

3

PI 306

3

PI 402

Nuclear and Particle Physics

2-1-0

3

3

PI 499

Physics Laboratory-VI

0-0-5

10

5

2-1-0

3

3

Elective-I

Total credits

To be chosen from the list of offered electives of the department in accordance with the specialization

20

Semester VIII

Course Code PI 408 PI 410 PI 412 PI 400 PI 450 Elective II

Course Name Molecular Spectroscopy Advanced Analytical Technique Plasma and Astrophysics Physics Laboratory-VII Seminar

L-T-P 2-1-0 2-0-1 2-1-0 0-0-5 0-0-2 2-1-0

CH 3 4 3 10 4 3

L-T-P 0-0-8

CH Credit Remarks To be carried out 16 8 under the guidance of a faculty member To be chosen from 3 3 the list of offered electives of the department in accordance with the specialization To be chosen from 3 3 the list of offered electives of the department in accordance with the specialization

Total credits

Credit Remarks 3 3 3 5 2 To be chosen from 3 the list of offered electives of the department in accordance with the specialization 19

Semester IX

Course Code Course Name PI 599

Project-I

Elective III

2-1-0

Elective IV

2-1-0

Total credits

14

Semester X 4

Course Code Course Name

L-T-P

CH Credit Remarks

0-0-10

20

10

Elective V

2-1-0

3

3

Elective VI

2-1-0

3

3

PI 500

Project-II

Total credits

To be carried out under the guidance of a faculty member To be chosen from the list of offered electives of the department in accordance with the specialization To be chosen from the list of offered electives of the department in accordance with the specialization

16

Electives Courses offered by the department in Semester VII, VIII, IX and X: Course Code Course Name PI 501 Quantum Field Theory PI 502 Quantum Electrodynamics

L-T-P 2-1-0 2-1-0

CH Credit 3 3 3 3

PI 503

Introduction to Parton Models

2-1-0

3

3

PI 504

Modern Particle Physics

2-1-0

3

3

PI 509

Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics

2-1-0

3

3

PI 507 PI 516

Digital Signal Processing Microprocessors and Digital Signal Processing based systems Digital Communication Systems

2-1-0 1-0-2

3 5

3 3

2-1-0

3

3

Microwave systems and Antenna propagation Photonic Devices Advanced Material Science Superconductivity and Critical Phenomena Physics of Thin Films Physics of Solid State Devices Nanostructures Surface Science Basic Astronomy & Astrophysics General Theory of Relativity High Energy & Extragalactic Astrophysics Introduction to Cosmology

2-1-0

3

3

2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0

3 3 3

3 3 3

2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0

3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3

2-1-0

3

3

PI 508 PI 517 PI 512 PI 510 PI 511 PI 513 PI 517 PI 520 PI 519 PI 505 PI 518 PI 515 PI 506

5

Remark prerequisite PI 501

prerequisite PI 503

prerequisite PI 507

Prerequisite PI 505

Specialization offered 1. 2. 3. 4.

Condensed Matter Physics Electronics and Photonics High Energy Physics Astrophysics

6

7

Detailed Syllabi PI 101 Physics I

(L 2-T 0-P 1-CH 4-Credit 3)

Unit 1 Coordinate systems, elements of vector algebra in plane polar, cylindrical, spherical polar coordinate systems, Unit 2 Gradient, divergent, curl, line integrals, Stoke’s theorem, Gauss’ theorem. Unit 3 Dimensional analysis; solutions for one dimensional equation of motion in various forms. Frames of reference, relative velocity and accelerations; Elements of special theory of relativity: postulates, Galilean and Lorentz transformations, equivalence of mass and energy. Time dilation, length contraction, Doppler effect, twin paradox, mass energy equivalence, general theory of relativity. Unit 4 Work-energy theorems, energy diagrams; Conservation of linear and angular momentum and collisions, central forces, motion in non-inertial frames, centrifugal and Coriolis forces; derivations of Kepler’s law, hyperbolic, elliptic and parabolic orbits, Unit 5 Elementary rigid body dynamics, variable mass problems. Unit 6 Elasticity: Young’s, bulk and shear moduli. Text books 1. Kleppner, D. and Kolenkow, R., Introduction to Mechanics (New York: McgGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc, 1973). 2. Resnick, R., Introduction to Special Relativity (Wiley). 3. Mathur, D. S., Mechanics (S Chand & Co Ltd, October 31, 2000) Reference Books 1. Simon, K. R., Mechanics, 3 rd edition, (Masschusetts: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1971). 2. Kittel, C., Knight, W. D. and Ruderman, M. A., Mechanics, 2nd Edition, (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1973). 3. Chow, T. L., Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A concise introduction, 1 st edition, (Cambridge Univ Press, 2000). 4. Riley, K. F., Hobson, M. P. and Bence, S. J., Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, 3 rd edition, (Cambridge, 2006). 5. Young, H.D. and Freedman, R.A., University Physics, 12th edition, (Pearson, 2009)

8

PI 102 Physics II

(L 2-T 0-P 1-CH 4- Credit 3)

Unit 1 Particle properties of waves: EM waves, wave particle duality, photoelectric effect, black body radiation, Plank radiation law, Rayleigh-Jeans law, Stefan’s law. Unit 2 Atomic physics: Rutherford model, Bohr model, hydrogen atom (quantum numbers and spectral series; qualitative), X-ray, Moseley’s law, Basics of Lasers Unit 3 Binding energy and radioactivity. Unit 4 Basics particle physics: elementary forces and particles. Unit 5 Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors, free electron theory, band theory of solids, Physics of inductors, capacitors and resistors, Transient response, filter circuits: RC.RL and LCR Text Books 1. 2. 3.

Halliday, D., Resnick, R. and Walker, J., Fundamentals of Physics, 8th edition (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004). Beiser, A., Concepts of Modern Physics (McGraw-Hill, 2002). Krane, K. S., Modern Physics (Wiley)

Reference Books 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Beiser, A., Perspectives of Modern Physics (McGraw-Hill Inc.,US) Thornton, S. T. and Rex, A., Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers (Cengage Learning; 4 edition) Gautreau, R. Schaum's Outline of Modern Physics, (McGraw-Hill; 2 edition) Young, H.D. and Freedman, R.A., University Physics, 12th edition, (Pearson, 2009) Rakshit, P.C. and Chattopadhaya, D., Electricity and Magnetism, (New Central Book Agency, 2012)

PI 202 Introductory Quantum Mechanics

(L2-T1-P0-CH3-Credit 3)

Unit 1 Limitations of classical physics: Qualitative discussions of the problem of the stability of the nuclear atom. The photo-electric effect. Franck-Hertz experiment and the existence of energy levels. Experimental evidence for wave-particle duality; X-ray diffraction and Bragg law. 9

Compton scattering. Electron and neutron diffraction. Einstein and de Broglie’s relations (E = hγ, p = h/λ). Unit 2 Schrodinger equation: The concept of the wave function as a probability amplitude and its probabilistic interpretation. Plane wave solutions of the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrodinger equation for a particle in free space and elementary derivation of the phase and group velocities (quantitative discussion of wave packets is not required). Unit 3 Uncertainty relation: The position-momentum uncertainty relation and simple consequences. Qualitative wave mechanical understanding of the size and stability of the hydrogen atom. Solutions of the one-dimensional Schrodinger’s equation for an infinite square well potential; qualitative treatment of the finite well (derivation not required). Reflection and transmission at potential steps. Qualitative treatment of barrier penetration for simple rectangular barriers. Simple examples and comparison with classical mechanics. Unit 4 Operators: Introduction and properties- Hermitian and Unitary operators, Linear vector space, Linear operators, Eigen function and Eigen values, Motion of a free wave packet, Correspondence principle, Hilbert’s space. Dirac Bra Ket notation. Angular momentum operators in position representation, Relation between rotation and angular momentum, Invariance of L2, Eigen values and matrix elements of angular momentum operator. Discrete Eigenvalues, Unit 5 Linear harmonic oscillator, spherically symmetric potential in 3 dimensions, 3 dimensional square well potential, the hydrogen atom. Text book(s) 1. 2.

Schiff, L.I., Quantum Mechanics, 3rd Edition, (McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1968). Ghatak, A and Lokanathan, S, Quantum Mechanics , 5th Edition, (Macmillan, 2004).

Reference book(s) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Merzbacher, E., Quantum Mechanics, 2 nd edition, (John Wiley, New York, 2005). Richtmyer, F.K., Kennard E. H. and Lauritsen, T., Introduction to Modern Physics, 5 th edition, (McGraw-Hill, 1976). Waghmare, Y.R., Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics, 1 st edition, (Wheeler publishing, 1996). Mathews, P.M. and Venkatesan, K, A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics, 2 nd edition, (Tata McGraw Hill, 1976). Pauling, L & Wilson, E.B., Introduction of Quantum Mechanics, (McGraw- Hill, 1935). Dirac, P.A.M., Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 4th edition, (Oxford University Press, 1958). Kemble, E.C., The Fundamental Principles of Quantum Mechanics, (Dover Publication, 1937). 10

PI 203 Classical Mechanics


Unit 1 Constraints, generalized coordinates, principle of virtual work, D’ Alembert’s principle, Lagrange’s equations of motion, simple applications of Lagrangian formulations, Hamilton’s principle, calculus of variation, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for central forces. Unit 2 Canonical variables, Poisson brackets, canonical transformations, Jacobi identity, cyclic coordinates and conservation laws. Elements of Hamilton-Jacobi theory, action and angle variable, centre of mass and laboratory systems, Kepler’s problem. Unit 3 Small oscillators, normal co-ordinates and application to coupled oscillators, chain molecules, Coriolis forces, rotating frame, elementary treatment of Eulerian co-ordinates, equation of motion of a rigid body, motion of a symmetrical top. Unit 4 Frames of reference: Inertial frame. Galilean principle of relativity. Non-inertial frames. Centrifugal, Coriolis and other pseudo forces. Unit 5 Systems of point particles: Center of mass frame and its uses. Moment of inertia of a system of particles. Use of perpendicular and parallel-axis theorems. Moment of inertia of simple bodies (the formula for any moment of inertia will be given). Solution of simple dynamical problems involving rotations about a fixed axis. Unit 6 Special theory of relativity: The constancy of the speed of light. Simultaneity. The Lorentz transformation (derivation not required). Time dilation and length contraction. The addition of velocities. Invariance of the space-time interval. Energy, momentum, rest mass and their relationship for a single particle. Conservation of energy and momentum. Elementary kinematics of the scattering and decay of sub- atomic particles, including the photon. Text book(s) 1. 2. 3.

Gupta, K.C., Classical Mechanics and Rigid bodies, (New Age, 1997). Takwale, R. & Puranik, P., Introduction to Classical Mechanics, (Tata McGrawHill, 1978). Goldstein, H., Classical Mechanics, (Narosa Publishing House, 1999).

Reference book(s) 1. 2.

French, A.P. and Ebison, M.G., Introduction to Classical Mechanics, (Chapman and Hall, 1987). French, A.P., Special Relativity, MIT Series, (ELBS and Nelson, 1972). 11

3.

Barger, V. & Olsson, M., Classical Mechanics A modern Perspective, (McGraw Hill International, 1995).

PI 205 Electromagnetism


Unit 1 Electrostatics in vacuum: Coulomb’s law. Electric field due to a system of charges. Field lines, flux and Gauss’s law. Gauss’s law in differential form. The electric dipole; its electric field and potential. The couple and force on, and the energy of, a dipole in an external electric field. Gauss’s law in integral form; field and potential due to surface and volume distributions of charge. Force on a conductor. The capacitance of parallel plate. Cylindrical and spherical capacitors. Unit 2 Electrostatics in the presence of dielectric media. Modification to Gauss’s Law. Polarization, the electric displacement, relative permittivity. Capacitance and energy in the presence of dielectric media. Unit 3 Magnetic effects in the absence of magnetic media: The B-field. Steady currents: The B-field set up by a current; the Biot-Savart Law. The force on a current and on moving charges in a B-field. The magnetic dipole; its B-field. The force and couple on, and the energy of, a dipole in an external B-field. Energy stored in a B-field. Gauss’s Law in integral form. Simple cases of the motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields. Text book(s) 1. 2.

Griffith, D. J., Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3 rd edition, (Prentice-Hall of India, 1999). Purcell, E.M., Electricity and Magnetism, Berkely Physics Course, Vol. 2, (McGrawHill, 1965).

Reference book(s) 1. 2.

Matveev, A.N., Electricity and Magnetism, (Moscow: Mir Publishers, 1986). Bleany, B. I. and Bleany, B., Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd edition, (Oxford, 1965).

PI 207 Physics Laboratory-I (Physics Major)


PI 209 Physics Laboratory-II (Non-Physics Majors)


PRACTICALS FOR PI 207 AND PI 209 WILL BE MOSTLY CHOSEN FROM THE FOLLOWING LIST. (A) General properties of matter: 1. Determination of Young’s modulus of the material of a wire by torsional oscillation according to Searle’s method. 2. Determination of moment of inertia of some regular bodies by using a moment of inertia table. 12

3. Determination of the co-efficient of viscosity of water by Poiseullies’s method (B) Heat: 4. Determination of the co-efficient of liner expansion of a metal by optical lever. 5. Determination of the thermal conductivity of a metal by Searle’s method. (C) Light: 6. Determination of the focal length of a concave lens by combination method. 7. Measurement of the wavelength (λ) of a monochromatic light by using Lloyd’s mirror 8. Measurement of of the wavelength (λ) of a monochromatic light by using Fresnel’s Biprism. 9. Laser Experiments (a) Determine the power distribution within the beam of a laser . (b) Measure the beam-spot size of the given laser. (c) Determine the slit width from the study of Fraunhofer diffraction pattern using laser. (d) Verify the Malus law using laser. 10. To draw ί- δ curve of a prism by spectrometer and hence to find out the angle of minimum deviation. 11. Determination of the slit width and the separation between the slits of a double slit by observing the diffraction and interference fringes. 12. Calibration of a polarimeter for the study of optical rotation of a solution and hence determination of the concentration of sugar solution. (D) Magnetism: 13. Determination of the moment of a bar magnet and horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field by magnetometers. (E) Electricity: 14. Measurement of resistance per unit length of the bridge wire by Carey Foster method. 15. Measurement of resistance of a suspended coil galvanometer by half deflection method. 16. Determination of mechanical equivalent of heat by Joule’s calorimeter. 17. Determination of the reduction factor of tangent galvanometer using a copper voltameter. 18. Determination of e.m.f. of a cell by a potentiometer using a milliammeter (b) without using a milliammeter (c) with the help of a standard cell. 19. Measurement of the thermo-e.m.f. with a potentiometer and to draw the E-T curve. (F) Sound: 20. Determination of the frequency of a tuning fork by a sonometer. 21. To draw (υ-l) curve with the help of a sonometer and hence to find the frequency of a unknown tuning fork. (G) Electronics:

13

22. To draw the static characteristics of a triode and hence to determine the valve constants. 23. To draw the I-V characteristic curve of a semiconductor diode (p-n junction). 24. To draw the static characteristics of a transistor in common emitter, common collector and common base configuration. 25. To design and develop a circuit to measure the (a) Input offset voltage (b)Input offset current (c) Slew rate and (d) Voltage gain Advanced practicals: (H) Surface Tension: 26. To determine the coefficient of surface tension using Jaegar’s formula, the value of f(r) and hence to determine surface tension at two different temperatures by Jaegar’s method. 27. Thermal Conductivity:Determination of thermal conductivity of the given disc of bad conductor of heat by Lee’s and Chorlton method. (I) Spectroscopy: 28. To draw δ-λ curve for the given spectrometer and hence to determine the wavelength of an unknown source. (J) Magnetism: 29. To determine the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field by using reflection and vibration magnetometers. (K) Electricity: 30. To determine the boiling point of a liquid by a platinum resistance thermometer. 31. Determination of the melting point of a solid by using a thermocouple. 32. To determine with the help of a search coil and a ballistic galvanometer the strength of the magnetic field and to draw H - I curve. 33. Measurement of coefficient of self-inductance of a coil by Anderson’s method. 34. To determine the coefficient of a mutual inductance between the two given coils by Carey Foster’s method. PI 204 Atomic & Nuclear Physics


Unit 1 Atomic Physics: The Bohr model of the hydrogen-like atom. A brief account of the Sommerfeld model (detailed derivations not expected). Electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment. Space quantisation. The vector model of the atom. Spin-orbit interaction. Fine structure of spectral lines. The Pauli exclusion principle and the electronic configuration of atoms; LS and JJ coupling. The normal Zeeman effect. Paschen-Back effect. Stark effect. Unit 2 Light scattering by molecules: Tyndall, and Rayleigh scattering. Fluorescence and phosphorescence. Raman effect. Elementary theory. Experimental techniques. Intensity and polarisation of Raman lines. Applications of Raman effect. 14

Unit 3 X-ray diffraction: Bragg’s law. The Bragg spectrometer. Types of crystals. Miller indices. The structure of NaCl and KCl crystals. Continuous and characteristic X-ray spectra. Mosley’s law. Unit 4 Free electron theory of metals: Electrical conductivity–classical theory. Sommerfeld’s model. Free electron gas. Density of energy states. Fermi energy. Average energy of electrons. Variation of Fermi energy and average energy with temperature. Electronic specific heat. Paramagnetism of free electrons. Thermionic emission from metals. Electrical conductivity. Drift velocity and relaxation time. Thermal conductivity. Wiedemann-Franz law. Unit 5 Band theory of solids: Elementary ideas regarding formation of energy bands. Bloch equations. One-dimensional Kronig-Penney model. Density of states. Effective mass. Energy gap. Distinction between metals, insulators and intrinsic semiconductors. Concept of holes. Unit 6 Superfluidity and Superconductivity: Superfluidity: The two-fluid model; properties of liquid helium. Superconductivity: Experimental facts, Meissner effect, critical magnetic field, type-I and type-II superconductors. Phenomenological theory, London equations. High frequency behaviour. Thermodynamics of superconductors. Specific heat in the superconducting state. Qualitative ideas relating to the theories of superconductivity. Textbook(s) 1. Dekker, A. J., Solid State Physics, (Macmillan, London, 1968). 2. Kittel, C., Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th Edition, (John Wiley, New York, 1996). Reference book(s) 1. Alonso, M. and Finn, E.J., Fundamental University Physics, (Addison-Wesley, 1967). 2. Streetman, B.G., Solid State Electronic Devices, 2nd Edition, (Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1983).

PI 214 Electronics (Physics Major)

(L2-T1-P 0-CH 3-Credit 3)

Unit 1 Network Theorems: Kirchhoff’s Laws , Nodal Analysis, Mesh Analysis, Source transformations, Linearity and Superposition, Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems, Maximum power transfer theorem, Star-Delta and Delta-Star Conversion Introduction to Three Phase Circuits. Two port n/w, Z-parameter, Y-parameter, Transmission (ABCD) parameter, Hybrid(H) Parameter, Interconnection of two port n/ws, T and π representation. Wheatstone bridge and its Applications to Wein Bridge and Anderson Bridge. Unit 2 15

Semiconductors: p and n Type Semiconductors. Energy Level Diagram, Mobility and conductivity, transport phenomenon due to donor and acceptor impurities, Fermi level, Hall Effect, conductivity measurement Conductivity and Mobility. Unit 3 Diodes: Barrier Formation in pn Junction Diode (Simple Idea). Current Flow Mechanism in Forward and Reverse Biased Diode (Recombination, Drift and Saturation of Drift Velocity). Derivation of Mathematical Equations for Barrier Potential, Barrier Width and Current for Step Junction. pn junction and its characteristics. Static and Dynamic Resistance. Diode Equivalent Circuit. Ideal Diode. Load Line Analysis of Diodes and Q-point. Unit 4 Two-terminal Devices and their Applications : (1) Rectifier Diode. Half-wave Rectifiers. Centre-tapped and Bridge Full-wave Rectifiers Calculation of Ripple Factor and Rectification Efficiency. Qualitative idea of C, L and π - Filters. (2) Wave shaping circuits (3) Zener Diode and Voltage Regulation.(4) Photo Diode, (5) Varactor Diode. Unit 5 Bipolar Junction Transistors, n-p-n and p-n-p transistors. Characteristics of CB, CE and CC Configurations. Current gains α, β and γ and Relations between them. Load Line Analysis of transistors. DC Load line and Q-point. Physical Mechanism of Current Flow. Active, Cutoff, and saturation Regions. Transistor in Active Region and Equivalent Circuit. Unit 6 Amplifiers: Transistor Biasing and Stabilization Circuits. Fixed Bias and Voltage Divider bias. Transistor as 2-port Network. h-parameter equivalent circuit. Analysis of a single-stage CE amplifier using Hybrid Model. Input and Output Impedance. Current, Resistance,Voltage and Power Gains. Class A, B, and C Amplifiers. Coupled Amplifiers : RC-Coupled Amplifier and its Frequency Response of Voltage Gain. Feedback in Amplifiers, Effects of Positive and Negative Feedback on Input Impedance, Output Impedance and Gain, Stability, Distortion and Noise. Unit 7 Sinusoidal Oscillators: Barkhauson’s Criterion for Self-sustained Oscillations. RC Phase Shift Oscillator, Determination of Frequency. Hartley Oscillator. Colpitts Oscillator. Non-Sinusoidal Oscillators – Astable and Monostable Multivibrators. Unit 8 Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFETs) : Principle of operation and characteristics, biasing, small signal models, , Small signal analysis. Advantages of JFET. Text book(s) 1. Robbins, A. H. & Miller, W.C., Circuit Analysis, (Delmar Cengage Learning., 2003). 2. Hayt, W. H. & Kemmerly, J. E., Engineering Circuit Analysis, (McGraw Hill, New York, 1993). 16

3. Malvino A. P., Electronic Principals, (Glencoe, 1993). Reference book(s) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Toro,V. Del, Electrical Engineering Fundamentals, (Prentice Hall, 1994) Smith, R.J. and Dorf, R.C., Circuits, Devices and Systems, (John Wiley & Sons, 1992). Morris, J. Analog Electronics, (Arnold Publishers, 1991). Mottershead, A. Electronic Circuits and Devices, (Prentice Hall, 1997). Streetman, B.G. & Banerjee, S., Solid State Electronic Devices, (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006). Bhargava, N. N., Kulshreshtha D.C. & Gupta S.C., Basic Electronics & Linear Circuits, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2006). Boylestad, R. & Nashelsky, L. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 8th edition, (Pearson Education, India, 2004).

PI 305 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics


Unit 1 Maxwell’s law of velocity distribution, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy, Maxwellian mean free path, transport phenomena – viscosity, Brownian motion (Einstein’s – Langevin’s theory), Equation of state of a gas, Andrew’s experiment, Van der Waal’s equation of state, critical constants and law of corresponding states. Platinum resistance thermometer. Unit 2 Thermocouple. Thermal conductivity, Zeroth and first law of thermodynamics, specific heats of gases, isothermal and adiabatic processes. Unit 3 Second law of thermodynamics: Heat engine, Kelvin-Planck statement of second law, Clausius’ statement of second law, Entropy: entropy changes in reversal and irreversible processes, entropy of ideal gas, relation between entropy and probability. Enthalpy, GibbsHelmholtz function, Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations and their applications, Gibbs phase rule, triple point, Joule-Thomson effect, adiabatic demagnetization. Unit 4 Black body radiation, Kirchoff’s law of radiation, radiation pressure.Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wein’s displacement law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law, Planck’s radiation law. Unit 5 Ensemble: canonical,and microcanonical ensemble.Concept of degenerate energy states, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstien distribution laws. Text book(s) 1. Saha, M. N. and Srivastava, B. N., A Treatise on Heat, 5th edition, (The Indian Press, 1965). 2. Chakravarty, P. K., Advanced Textbook on Heat, (New Central Book agency (P) Ltd). 17

Reference book(s) 1. Zemansky, M.W. and Dittman, R.H., Heat and Thermodynamics, 7th edition, (Tata McGraw Hill International, 2007). 2. Sears, F. W. and Salinger, G.L., Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, (Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1975). PI 212 Electronics (Non- Physics Major)

(L2-T1-P0-CH3-Credit 3 )

Unit 1 Foundations: Superposition Theorem, Mesh analysis, Voltage and current sources, Network Theorems: Thevenin’s equivalent circuit, Small signal resistance. Unit 2 Inductors and transformers: Voltages and currents as complex numbers, Power in a reactive circuit, Generalised voltage dividers. Unit 3 Filters: Phasor diagrams. High pass filters, low pass filters, “Poles” and decibels per octave. Resonant circuits and active filters. Introduction to Feedback: Negative and positive Unit 4 Diodes and Transistor: Full Wave Bridge, centre tapped full wave rectifier, split supply, voltage multipliers, Zener Diodes, Breakdown Mechanisms, Regulators, Circuit application of diodes. Inductive loading and diode protection. Emitter follower as voltage regulators. Emitter follower biasing. Diode as clipper and clamper, Transistor current source. Common emitter amplifier. Transconductance. Junction Capacitance. Brief introduction to Fabrication. Unit 5 Amplifier building blocks: Push-pull output stages. Darlington connection. Bootstrapping. Differential amplifiers. Feedback voltage regulator. Power amplifier, Wave form generators, Oscillators: Wein Bridge, RC oscillator. Unit 6 Digital Electronics: Number systems, 2’s complement method, Boolean algebra, Logic identities and Families, Sequential and Combinational Logics. Text book(s) 1. 2. 3.

Horowitz, P. and Hill, W., The Art of Electronics, 2nd Edition, (Cambridge University Press, 1995). Milliman, J. & Halkias, C.C. Integrated Electronics, (Tata Mcgraw Hill, 2004). Tocci, R. J. & Moss, G.L. Digital Systems: Principles and Application,. (Pearson, 2009).

Reference book(s) 18

1. 2. 3.

Hambley, A. R., Electronics, 2 nd edition, (Prentice Hall, 2000). Malvino A. P., Electronic Principals, (Glencoe, 1993). Boylestad, R. and Nashelsky, L., Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 8th edition, (Pearson Education, India, 2004).

PI 208 Physics Laboratory-III (For Physics Major)


PI 210 Physics Laboratory-IV (For Non- Physics Major)


PRACTICALS FOR FOLLOWING LIST.

PI 208 AND

PI 210 WILL BE CHOSEN FROM THE

(A) General properties of matter: 1. Determination of Young’s modulus of the material of a wire by torsional oscillation ccording to Searle’s method. 2. Determination of moment of inertia of some regular bodies by using a moment of inertia table. 3. Determination of the co-efficient of viscosity of water by Poiseullies’s method (B) Heat: 4. Determination of the co-efficient of liner expansion of a metal by optical lever. 5. Determination of the thermal conductivity of a metal by Searle’s method. (C) Light: 6. Determination of the focal length of a concave lens by combination method. 7. Measurement of the wavelength (λ) of a monochromatic light by using Lloyd’s mirror 8. Measurement of of the wavelength (λ) of a monochromatic light by using Fresnel’s Biprism. 9. Laser Experiments (e) Determine the power distribution within the beam of a laser . (f) Measure the beam-spot size of the given laser. (g) Determine the slit width from the study of Fraunhofer diffraction pattern using laser. (h) Verify the Malus law using laser. 10. To draw ί- δ curve of a prism by spectrometer and hence to find out the angle of minimum deviation. 11. Determination of the slit width and the separation between the slits of a double slit by observing the diffraction and interference fringes. 12. Calibration of a polarimeter for the study of optical rotation of a solution and hence determination of the concentration of sugar solution. (D) Magnetism: 13. Determination of the moment of a bar magnet and horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field by magnetometers. (E) Electricity: 14. Measurement of resistance per unit length of the bridge wire by Carey Foster method. 19

15. Measurement of resistance of a suspended coil galvanometer by half deflection method. 16. Determination of mechanical equivalent of heat by Joule’s calorimeter. 17. Determination of the reduction factor of tangent galvanometer using a copper voltmeter. 18. Determination of e.m.f. of a cell by a potentiometer using a milliammeter (b) without using a milliammeter (c) with the help of a standard cell. 19. Measurement of the thermo-e.m.f. with a potentiometer and to draw the E-T curve. (F) Sound: 20. Determination of the frequency of a tuning fork by a sonometer. 21. To draw (υ-l) curve with the help of a sonometer and hence to find the frequency of a unknown tuning fork. (G) Electronics: 22. To draw the static characteristics of a triode and hence to determine the valve constants. 23. To draw the I-V characteristic curve of a semiconductor diode (p-n junction). 24. To draw the static characteristics of a transistor in common emitter, common collector and common base configuration. 25. To design and develop a circuit to measure the (a) Input offset voltage (b)Input offset current (c) Slew rate and (d) Voltage gain Advanced practicals: (H) Surface Tension: 26. To determine the coefficient of surface tension using Jaegar’s formula, the value of f(r) and hence to determine surface tension at two different temperatures by Jaegar’s method. 27. Thermal Conductivity:Determination of thermal conductivity of the given disc of bad conductor of heat by Lee’s and Chorlton method. (J) Spectroscopy: 28. To draw δ-λ curve for the given spectrometer and hence to determine the wavelength of an unknown source. (K) Magnetism: 29. To determine the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field by using reflection and vibration magnetometers. (L) Electricity: 30. To determine the boiling point of a liquid by a platinum resistance thermometer. 31. Determination of the melting point of a solid by using a thermocouple. 32. To determine with the help of a search coil and a ballistic galvanometer the strength of the magnetic field and to draw H - I curve. 33. Measurement of coefficient of self-inductance of a coil by Anderson’s method. 34. To determine the coefficient of a mutual inductance between the two given coils by Carey Foster’s method. 20

PI 301 Mathematical Physics


Unit 1 Beta and gamma functions: Relationship between the beta and gamma functions; Reduction of some classes of integrals to gamma functions; Sterling’s formula; Derivation of values of gamma functions. Unit 2 Useful polynomials: Series integration methods to solve 2nd order ordinary differential equations: Legendre polynomials; Bessel functions; Hermite polynomials; Laguerre polynomials; Differential equations; Generating functions; Recurrence relations; Rodrigue's formulae and Orthogonality of the special functions; Sturm-Liouville's theorem; Elements of hypergeometric functions; Dirac delta function; Green function. Unit 3 Fourier series: Evaluation of co-efficients; Graphical representations; Even and odd functions; Properties of Fourier series; Fourier integrals. Unit 4 Partial differential equations in physical problems: Laplace's equation; Poisson's equation; Heat flow equations; Wave equations; Helmholtz equations; Solutions of these equations; Eigen value problems; Boundary value problems; Method of separation of variables. Text book(s) 1. Harper, C., Introduction to Mathematical Physics, (Prentice Hall, 2009). 2. Joshi, A.W., Group Theory for Physicists, (Wiley Eastern, 2008). 3. Ghatak, A., Goyal, I. C, Chua, S. J. Mathematical Physics: Differential Equations and Transform Theory, (Macmillan India Ltd, New Delhi, 2000). Reference book(s) 1. Morganeau, H. and Purphy, C.M. The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry, (Young

Press, 2009). 2. Rajput, B., & Gupta, B., Mathematical Physics (Pragati Prakashan, 2011). 3. Arfken, G.B. and Weber, H. J., Mathematical Methods for Physicists, (Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, 2005). PI 303 Physical and Geometrical Optics


Unit 1 Geometrical optics: Fermat’s principle and its application in establishing laws of reflection and refraction at spherical and plane boundaries. Lens system: Sign convention, combination of lenses, conjugate foci, relation for refraction of paraxial rays at single spherical surface, Lagrange’s law and Helmholtz equation and its modification for telescopic system. Unit 2 21

Defects of image: Spherical aberration and its magnitude for thin lens for object at finite distance and condition for minimum aberration when object is at infinity, Minimisation of spherical aberration by using suitable lens of different radii of curvature and by aplanatic surface, Qualitative idea about coma, astigmatism and distortion, Chromatic aberration, , achromatism of two thin lenses separated by a distance. Unit 3 Physical optics: Interference: Concept of light wave and its equation, complex representation of superposition of waves, condition for straight fringes, Stokes’ law, interference due to Fresnel’s biprism, Newton’s rings, Wedge-shaped films, Michelson interferometer and its application for finding difference in wavelengths. Unit 4 Diffraction: Fresnel and Fraunhofer classes of diffraction, halfperiod zones and strips, Zone plate and its lensing property, Diffraction at a straight edge, Slingle-slit and Double-slit Diffraction ,Diffraction Grating. Resolving Power. Polarisation: Double refraction, optic axis and CaCO3 crystal, plane, circular and elliptically polarised light, Retarding plates and their uses for producing and analysing different polarized, light, specific rotation of plane of polarisation and halfshade polarimeter. Text book(s) 1. Mazumdar, K.G., A Text Book of Light, (Modern Book agency (P) Ltd, 1965). 2. Mathur, B.K., and Pandya, T.P., Principles of Optics, (Tata McGraw Hill International, 1981). 3. Chakraborty, P.K., Geometrical and Physical Optics, 3rd Edition, (New Central Book agency (P) Ltd, 2005). Reference book(s) 1. Hecht, E., Optics, 4th Edition, (Addison-Wesley Pub. Co, 2001). 2. Lipson, S., Lipson, H., and Tannhauser, D., Optical Physics, 3 rd Edition, (Cambridge University press, 1995). 3. Born, M., and Wolf, E., Principles of Optics, 7th Edition, (Pergamon press Ltd., 2000). 4. Jenkins, F. A., and White, H. E., Fundamentals of Optics, 4th Edition, (Tata McGraw Hill International, 1981). 5. Ghatak, A.K., Optics, 3rd Edition, (Tata McGraw Hill International, 2005). PI 307 Basic Material Science


Unit 1 Crystal geometry: space lattice, unit cell, crystal systems in 2-D and 3-D, miller indices of crystal planes and directions. Structure of solids: linear and planar density, ligancy, packing efficiency, closed pack planes and directions, voids. Chemical bonding: Primary and secondary bonding, bond length and bond energy. Unit 2 22

Crystal imperfections: point imperfections (vacancies and interstitials), dislocations, grain boundary, surface energy. Unit 3 Phase and phase transformation: Degree of freedom, Phase rule, binary alloys, Nucleation and phase transformation. Diffusion: Fick’s first and second laws, thermal diffusion. Text book(s) 1. 2. 3. 4.

Kittel, C., Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th Edition, (Wiley Eastern Ltd.,1996). Burns, G., Solid State Physics, (Academic press, 1995). Dekker, A. J., Solid State Physics, (Macmillan India Ltd., 2003). Ashcroft, N. W. and Mermin, N. D., Solid State Physics, (Saunders, 1976).

Reference book(s) 1. Ibach, H., & Luth, H., Solid State Physics, 3rd Edition, (Springer-Verlag, 2003). 2. Patterson, J.D. and Bernard, B., Introduction to the Theory of Solid State Physics, 2nd Edition (Springer, 2007). 3. Ghatak, A.K. and Kothari, L.S., Introduction to Lattice Dynamics, (Addison-Wesley, 1972). 4. Hall, H.E. and Hook J.R., Solid State Physics, 2nd Edition, (Wiley, 1991). 5. Azaroff, L.V., Introduction to Solids, (Tata McGraw Hill, 1977). PI 309 Analog Electronics & Communications


Unit 1 Op-Amp with and without feedback : Open loop considerations-inverting, non-inverting, differential, feedback-voltage follower, Practical op-amps: Offset considerations-input offset voltage, input bias current, input offset current, thermal drift, effect of power supply voltage, other temperature sensitive parameters, noise, CMRR, maximum common mode input voltages, op-amp instrumentation circuits. Unit 2 Frequency response of an op-amp and active filter- Gain and phase shift vs. frequency, Bode plots, compensated frequency response, slew rate, active filter, first and second order low pass and high pass, Butterworth filter, band reject filter. Linear Applications: Op-amp as ac amplifiers, summing and averaging circuits, integrators, differentiators, voltage-current converter, current-to voltage converter, analog computers, voltage regulators. Unit 3 Non-linear applications: Voltage limiters, comparators, zero detector, Schmitt trigger, voltage to frequency and frequency to voltage converter, small-signal diodes, sample-and-hold circuits and signal generators: oscillators-square-wave, Wien bridge, phase shift. Signal and systems: Introduction, Examples of signals and systems. Signal types: energy and power signals, continuous and discrete time signals, analog and digital signal, deterministic and random signals. Signal properties: symmetry, periodicity, and absolute integrability. 23

Elementary signals: unit step, unit impulse, the sinusoid, the complex exponential; representation of signals as vectors. Unit 4 Amplitude Modulation: QAM, SSB,DS-SSB Superheterodyne AM Receiver. Angle Modification: Bandwidth, FM wave generation, demodulation (FM), FM receiver. Phase Modulation: eg. Radio and Television Broadcasting, effect of noise on analog communication system. Text book(s) 1. Gayakward, R.A., Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, 3 rd Edition, (PHI, 2001). Reference book(s) 1. Hambley, A. R., Electronics, 2nd Edition, (Prentice Hall, 2000). 2. Horowitz, P. and Hill, W. The Art of Electronics, 2 nd Edition, (Cambridge University Press, 1995). PI 311 Waves & Acoustics


Unit 1 Vibrations : Potential energy vs. displacement relation. Concept of equilibrium. Development of SHO & other anharmonic, terms from force equations, Damped oscillation, critical damping, Q factor of an oscillator. Forced vibration, resonance, low and high frequency responses. Eigen frequency and normal modes, energy transfers between modes, coupled pendulum, Lissagous figures. Anharmonic oscillator. Fourier series & Fourier coefficients. Fourier analysis in some simple cases. Unit 2 Waves : Progressive wave in one dimension and in three dimension, wave equation, Plane wave & spherical wave, Intensity, dispersion, group velocity, phase velocity. Speed of transverse waves in a uniform string, eigen frequencies & eigen modes for plucked & struck string.Speed of longitudinal waves in a field, energy density & intensity of waves. Superposition of waves - superposition principle, interference in space and energy distribution, beats, combinational tones. Production, detection & application of ultrasonic waves. Doppler effect, Shock waves. Unit 3 Acoustics : Vibrations in bounded system. Normal modes of a bounded system, harmonics, quality of sound, Noise & Music, Intensity & loudness, bel and phon. Principle of sonar system, Transducer and their characteristics, recording & reproduction of sound, measurement of velocity, frequency and intensity. Acoustics of halls, reverberation & Sabines formula. Text book(s) 1.

Chattopadhyay, D., Vibration, Waves & Accoustics, (New Central Book Agency, 2010). 24

2.

Main, I. G., Vibrations & Waves in Physics, 2 nd Edition (Cambridge University Press, 1984).

Reference book(s) 1. 2. 3. 4.

Randall, R.H., An Introduction to Acoustics, Sect. 7-21, 7-22, (Addison-Wesley, 1951). Wood, A.B., A Textbook of Sound, 3 rd Edition, (Bell & Sons, 1955). Crawford F.S., Berkeley Physics Course, Vol. 3, Waves, (Tata McGraw Hill, 1968). Pain, H. I., The Physics of Vibrations & Waves, 6th Edition (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2005 )

PI 349 Physics and Computational Laboratory V


Unit 1 Computer experiments based on : Numerical Analysis: Solution of non-linear equations - Newton's method, method of false position (regular falsi); Solution of a system of linear equations - gaussian elimination, iterative methods (Jacobi and gauss-seidel methods); Interpolation - Newton’s interpolation formula; Numerical differentiation and integration - Simpson’s rule, trapezoidal rule, quadrature formula; Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations - Euler's method, runge-kutta method; Fitting of curves - principle of least squares. Unit 2 Simulation: A system and its model; The basic nature of simulation; The simulation of continuous and discrete systems - suitable examples; Stochastic simulation - generation of random numbers with different probability distributions; Examples of simulation in physics. Text book(s) 1. Mathews, J.H., Numerical Methods for Mathematics, Science and Engineering, (Prentice Hall 1997). 2. Narsingh Deo, System Simulation with Digital Computers, (Prentice Hall 1979). Reference book(s) 1. Yashwant Kanetkar, Let us C, (BPB Publications, 2012). 2. Gottfried, B.S., Schaum's outline of theory and problems of programming with C, (Mcgraw-Hill Professional, 1996). PI 302 Digital Electronics and Microprocessors


Unit 1 Digital Electronics:Introductory: Number Systems. Binary codes, logic gates, INHIBIT (ENABLE) operation Unit 2 Boolean Algebra: logic operations using De Morgan's laws and other laws, K-maps Combinatorial digital systems: gate assemblies, binary adders/subtractors, arithmetic functions, decoder, demultiplexer, data selector/multiplexer, encoder, ROM and applications. 25

Unit 3 Sequential digital systems: flip-flops, shift registers and counters logic families and their comparison. Unit 4 D/A and A/D systems, digital-to-analog converters, analog-to-digital converters, character generators. Memories :RAM, dynamic RAM, PAL, Magnetic memories, MOS ROM. Unit 5 Microprocessors: 8085 Microprocessor: Programmers model: register structure, addressing modes and assembly languages. 8086.8088 Microprocessor: Architecture of 8086/8088, segmented memory, addressing modes, assembly language instruction, assembler, linkers and software development tools; debugging an 8086/8088 system and microprocessor development systems. CPU model design: 8086/8088-clock generation, timing diagram analysis, CPU module design in minimum and maximum mode. Unit 6 Memory system design: Address decoding technique, static RAM interfacing, dynamic RAM (DRAM): refreshing techniques, interfacing and DRAM controller; direct memory access (DMA).Input/output (I/O) design: Isolated I/O, memory mapped I/O, design of parallel I/O, serial I/O, interrupt driven I/O and DMA.Peripherals: Programmable interrupt controller (8259), programmable peripheral interface (8255), serial communication (8251), programmable timer and event counter (8254) and DMA controller (8257). Introduction to x86: Architecture, operating modes (real, protected and virtual), memory management and protection; overview of advanced processor (P-I to P-IV).Micro-controllers and their interfacing. Unit 7 Digital and Microprocessor laboratory: Digital experiments based on the course structure and preliminary assembly language programming for 8085/8086 microprocessor. Text book(s) 1. 2.

Kumar, A., Fundamentals of Digital Electronics (PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2003) Gaonkar R.S., Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085, Edition 5th (Prentice Hall, 2002).

References book(s) 1.

Malvino A.P.and Leach D.J., Digital Principles and Applications (Tata McGraw Hill 1994). 2. Milliman, J. & Halkias, C.C., Integrated Electronics, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2003). 3. Tocci R.J., Digital Systems (Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004). 4. Bartee T.C., Digital Computer Fundamentals (Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, 1985). 26

PI 308 Laser Physics


Unit 1 Planck’s law, the Einstein's coefficient, two level atomic systems, light amplification, the threshold condition, laser rate equation, variation of laser power around threshold, optimum output coupling, line broadening mechanism. Modes of rectangular cavity and open planar resonator, the quality Q-factor, the ultimate bandwidth of laser, mode selection, Q-switching, mode locking of laser, modes of a confocal resonator system, General spherical resonator. Properties of laser beam. Unit 2 Ruby laser, Neodymium based laser, the He-Ne laser, the CO2 laser, Dye laser, semiconductor laser, DFB lasers, DH lasers. Elements of nonlinear optics. Generation of ultra-fast optical pulses- pulse compression. Femto-second laser and its characteristics. Text book(s) 1. Ghatak, A. K. and Thyagarajan, K., Optical Electronics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989) References book(s) 1. 2.

Yariv, A., Quantum Electronics, 3rd Edition (Wiley, Eastern Ltd.) Davis, J. H., Introduction to Low Dimensional Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997)

PI 310 Statistical Physics


Unit 1 Basic postulates of classical ensemble theory, Liouville’s theorem, Microcanonical ensemble. Energy fluctuations in canonical ensemble, Thermodynamic function, Inadequacy of classical theory, Derivation of van der Waals’ equation from classical theory. Unit 2 Quantum ensemble theory, Density matrix and its physical significance, Quantum Liouville equation, Ideal Fermi and Bose gas, Equation of state, Diamagnetism, de Hass van Alphen effect, Pauli paramagnetism, photons, phonons, Bose Einstein Condensation, Neutron stars. Unit 3 Properties of liquid Helium II, Tisza’s two fluid model, Superfluidity, first and second sound, Landau’s theory of superfluidity. Unit 4

27

Phase transitions, Critical indices and dimensionality, Ising Model, Bragg and William approximations, Irreversible Processes. Onsager’s relations and applications. Text book(s) 1. Landau and Lifshitz, Statistical Physics, 3rd edition (Butterworth-Heinemann;1980). 2. Huang, K., Statistical Mechanics, 2 nd Edition (Wiley,1987). 3. Reif, F., Statistical Physics, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2008). Reference book(s) 1. 2.

Harris, E., Modern Theoretical Physics, Vol. II (John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1975). Patharia, R.K., Statistical Mechanics, 2nd edition (Butterworth-Heinemann,. 1996).

PI 314 Measurement Physics


Unit 1 Data interpretation and analysis; Precision and accuracy, error analysis, propagation of errors, least squares fitting, linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test; Unit 2 Measurement of energy and time using electronic signals from the detectors and associated instrumentation, Signal processing; Multi channel analyzer; Time of ight technique; Coincidence measurements, true-to-chance ratio. Unit 3 Transducers (temperature, pressure/vacuum, magnetic field, vibration, optical), measurement and control Ionization chamber, proportional counter GM counters, spark chambers, cloud chamber, semiconductor detectors for charged particles & γ-ray detectors, Scintillation counters, photodiodes & charge coupled device (CCD) camera for detection of electromagnetic radiation. Unit 4 Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback, filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding; Fourier transforms; lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques. Text book(s) 1. Sayer, M. and Mansingh, A., Measurement, Instrumentation and Experiment Design in Physics and Engineering (Prentice-Hall India, 2000) 2. Nakra, B.C. and Chaudhry, K.K., Instrumentation Measurement and Analysis (Tata McGraw-Hill, 1985) Reference book(s) 1. Knoll, G.F., Radiation, Detection and Measurement (John Wiley & Sons, 3rd ed., 2000) 2. Jones, B.E., Instrumentation measurement and feedback (Tata McGraw-Hill, 1978) 28


PI 312 Advanced Mathematical Physics Unit 1

Complex variables: Complex algebra; Graphical representation; Analytical functions; Cauchy-Riemann conditions; Complex integrations; Cauchy's theorem; Cauchy's integral formula; Residue; Cauchy's residue theorem. Unit 2 Elements of probability: Mathematical probability; Compound probability; Total probability; Sample space; Random variables; Expectation value; Averages; Mean; Standard deviation; Binomial distribution; Normal distribution; Variance, covariance and correlation; Theory of errors. Centre limit. Random Process: Random variables to randonm process, Statistical Averages, Stationary processes. Unit 3 Tensor analysis: Tensor in three or four dimensions; Rank of tensors; covariant and intravariant tensors; symmetric and antisymmetric tensors; Metric tensors; Christoffels symbols; Equation of a geodesic; Riemann - Christoffel tensor; Simple applications. Unit 4 Group theory: Group representation; Reducible and irreducible representation; Unitary group; Special unitary group; Lorentz group; Rotation group; Direct product; Group theory in physics. Integral transforms: Laplace transform; Hankel transform; Mellin transform; Fourier transform; Properties of Laplace and Fourier transforms; Application of Laplace and Fourier transforms. Text book(s) 1. Charles, Harper, Introduction to Mathematical Physics (Prentice Hall, 2009) 2. Joshi , A.W., Group Theory for Physicists (Wiley Eastern, 1997) 3. Spiegel, M., Lipschutz, S., & Spellman, D., Vector Analysis (Tata Mcgraw Hill Education Private Limited, 2009). Reference book(s) 1. Margenau, H., The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistryby (Young Press, 2009) 2. Rajput, B., & Gupta, B., Mathematical Physics (Pragati Prakashan, 2011) 3. Ghatak, A., Goyal, I. C, Chua, S. J. Mathematical Physics: Differential Equations and Transform Theory (Maccmillan India Ltd, New Delhi, 2000). PI 403 Electrodynamics


Unit 1 Electrostatics, multipole expansion, boundary value problems, Magnetostatics, Maxwell’s equations, Gauge transformation, Coulomb and Lorentz gauges, Wave guides and cavity resonance. 29

Unit 2 Retarded potentials, Lenard-Wiechert potentials and E.M. fields of a moving point charge, Electric and magnetic dipole radiations, Power radiated by a moving point charge. Unit 3 Four vectors, Relativistic electrodynamics, Interdependence of electric and magnetic fields, relativistic energy and momentum, Transformation of E.M. field, Invariance of Maxwell’s equations. Text book(s) 1. Griffiths, D. J., Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd Edition (Prentice-Hall, 1999). 2. Jackson, J. D., Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd Edition (John Willey & Sons, 2004). Reference book(s) 1. Reitz, J. R., Milford, F. J. and Christy R. W., Foundations of electromagnetic theory, 4th Edition (Pearson/Addison-Wesley, 2008). 2. Slater, J. C. and Frank, N. H., Electromagnetism (Dover Publications, 2011). 3. Wazed Miah, M. A., Fundamentals of electromagnetism, (Tata McGraw Hill, 1982). 4. Feynman, R. P., Feynman Lecture Series Volume II, (Addison Wesley Longman, 1970). PI 405 Semiconductor Devices


Unit 1 Review: Basic semiconductors, p-n diodes, BJT transistors and JFET. Unit 2 Diodes: Schottky diodes, Hall effect and Four Probe measurements Unit 3 Field Effect Transistors: MESFET, MOSFET, HEMT, HBT. Unit 4 Optical Devices: Solar Cells, LED, Photovoltaic Cells, Semiconductor Laser. Unit 5 Power semiconductor devices: SCR, UJT, thyristors, diacs, and triacs. Unit 6 Display devices: Active and passive, construction of display devices, applications of LCD, ECD, PDP, ELD, Flat panel types CRT. Unit 7 30

Semiconductor Fabrication Technique: Diffusion, Epitaxy growth, Ion Implantation, Optical and Electron lithographical Technique, etching process, dielectric and polysilicon film depositions, metallization. Simulation of semiconductor devices (optional). Text book(s) 1. Neaman D.A., Semiconductor Devices (Tata McGraw Hill, 2007). Reference book(s) 1. 2. 3. 4.

Milliman J. & Halkias C.C., Integrated Electronics (Tata McGraw Hill, 2003) Milliman J. & Halkias C.C, Semiconductor Devices( Tata McGraw Hill, 2003) Malvino, A.P., Electronic Principles, (McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited, 2007) Allison J., Electronic Engineering Semiconductors and Devices, Edition 2, (McGrawHill, 1990) 5. Kano, K., Semiconductor Devices, (Prentice Hall, 1998) PI 306 Advanced Quantum Mechanics


Unit 1 Angular momentum in quantum mechanics, commutation relationships, Eigen values, Spin angular momentum, Pauli’s matrices, Addition of angular momentum, Clebsch-Gordon coefficients. Unit 2 Space and time displacement in quantum mechanics, Rotation, Angular momentum and unitary groups, space inversion and time reversal, Dynamical symmetry. Unit 3 Non-degenerate perturbation theory, Degenerate perturbation theory, WKB approximation, The Raleigh Ritz variational method, Method of Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO), Variation method applied to He-like ions, Time dependent perturbation theory, Fermi’s golden rule. Unit 4 Scattering theory, Partial Wave Analysis and phase shift. Klein Gordon equation, Dirac’s equation of electron, Dirac matrices, Charge and current densities, Dirac’s equation for a central field. Textbook(s) 1. Schiff, L.S., Quantum Mechanics (Tata McGraw Hill Education) 2. Ghatak, A. and Lokanathan, S., Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications (Springer. 2002). Reference book(s) 31

1. Waghmare, Y.R., Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics (Wheeler publishing) 2. Mathews, P. M. and Venkatesan, K., Quantum Mechanics(Tata McGraw Hill Education, 2007) 3. Pauling, L. Introduction of Quantum Mechanics (McGraw Hill) 4. Dirac, P., Principles of Quantum Mechanics (Oxford University Press) 5. Kemble, E.C.,The Fundamental principles of Quantum Mechanics (McGraw Hill) PI 402 Nuclear and Particle Physics


Unit 1 Theory of β-decay, Curie plot, allowed and forbidden transitions, selection rules, electron capture, parity violations in β - decay, Gamma emission, transition probabilities, selection rules, multipole moments, lifetime, angular momentum and parity of excited states, spin and magnetic moments of nucleon ground state. Unit 2 Nuclear reactions, reaction channels, diffractive and resonance phenomena, one level BreitWigner formula, nuclear fission, Bohr-Wheeler theory, liquid drop model, nuclear shell model. Extensive air showers, theory of EAS, determination of EAS at ground level. Unit 3 Conservation laws and symmetry principles of elementary physics, strangeness, isospin and hypercharge, Gellmann-Nishijima scheme, resonance states of hadrons, baryon spectroscopy, meson spectroscopy, eight fold way, quarks photon decay, W and Z bosons. Text book(s) 1. Krane, K. S., Introductory Nuclear Physics (Wiley India Pvt Ltd, 2008). 2. Tayal, D.C., Nuclear Physics (Pragati Prakashan, 1998). 3. Roy, R. R., & Nigam, B. P. Nuclear Physics Theory and Experiments (New Age International, 1967). Reference book(s) 1. Beiser, A., Mahajan, S., Concept of Modern Physics (Tata Mcgraw Hill Education Private Limited, 2009). 2. Srivastava, B.N., Basic Nuclear Physics & Cosmic Relation (Pragati Prakashan, 2011). 3. Bernard, C., Concepts of Nuclear Physics (Tata Mcgraw Hill Education Private Limited, 2011). PI 408 Molecular Spectroscopy


Unit 1 Atomic emission and absorption spectra (AES and ASS), Series spectra in alkali and alkaline earths, LS and jj coupling in central field approximation. Unit 2

32

Spectra of diatomic molecules, pure rotation, pure vibration; vibration-rotation and electronic spectra: Born-Oppenheimer approximation and its application to molecular spectroscopy; Formation of bands, structure of bands. Dissociation and pre-dissociation. Valence-bond theory; Molecular orbital theory; Bonding and anti-bonding of electrons for equal nuclear charges; Energy level of symmetric top molecules; Potential energy function. Unit 3 Morse potential function; Raman spectroscopy; Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy (ESR); Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy; Mossbauer spectroscopy. Text book(s) 1. White, H.E., Introduction to Atomic Spectra, (McGraw Hill, NY, 1934). 2. Herzberg, G., Atomic Spectra & Atomic Structure, 2nd edition, (Dover Publications, 2010). 3. Banwell, C. N. & McCash E. M., Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, (McGraw Hill, 1994). Reference book(s) 1. Kuhn, H. G., Atomic Spectra, (Longmans, 1969). 2. Edward A. & Urey Ruark, H.C., Atoms, Molecules & Quanta (McGraw Hill, 1930). 3. Siegman A. E., Lasers, (University Science Books, 1986). PI 410 Advanced Analytical Techniques

( L2-T1-P0-CH3-Credit 3)

Unit 1 Numerical solution of partial differential equations: basic, parabolic, hyperbolic, Electromagnetic Wave Analysis: Finite difference time domain, finite elements method, Method of Moments, Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). Unit 2 Matrix Methods : Scattering Matrix, T-Matrix; Linear and nonlinear optimization : LCAO, perturbation methods. Stochastic Process : Probability and statistics, Monte Carlo Techniques, Markov Technique. Unit 3 Mathematical tools: Sampling Methods, Digital Fourier Transforms, Fast Fourier Transform. Text book(s) 1. 2.

Weber, J.H. and Arfken, G.B., Essential Mathematical Methods for Physicists, (Elsevier, 2004). Press, W.H., Teukolsky, S.A., Vellerling, W.T. & Flannery, B.P., Numerical Recipes in C, (Cambridge University Press, 1992).

Reference book(s) 1.

Zienkiewicz, O.C., The Finite Element Method, 3rd ed. (Tata McGraw Hill, 1997). 33

2. 3.

Bose, T.K., Numerical Fluid Dynamics (Narosa Publishing House, 1997). Kunz, K.S. and Luebbers, R.J., Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetism, (CRC publication,1993).

PI 412 Plasma and Astrophysics


Unit 1 Basic plasma concepts: Debye shielding, Plasma frequency, Plasma parameter ; Motion of charged particle in electromagnetic field; uniform E & B fields, gradient B drift, parallel acceleration and magnetic mirror effect; Waves in plasma, electron and ion plasma waves, their dispersion relations and properties; Unit 2 Fundamental equations of magneto-hydrodynamics(MHD), the MHD approximation, Hydromagnetic waves; Plasma confinement schemes; Plasma in space. Unit 3 Introduction to the interstellar medium: Neutral and ionized gas, Gaseous nebulae, HII regions, Supernova remnants, Photodissociation regions; Different phases of the interstellar medium: Cold neutral medium, warm neutral and ionized medium, hot medium, diffuse clouds, dense clouds; Radiative processes: Radiative transfer, Emission & Absorption coefficients, emission and absorption lines, the role of thermal and free electrons Text book(s) 4. 5.

Bellan P. M., Fundamentals of Plasma Physics, 1st edition (Cambridge University Press, 2008) Chen F. F., Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, (Springer, 1984)

Reference book(s) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Tielens A. G. G. M., Physics and Chemistry of the Interstellar Medium, (Cambridge University Press, 2010) Dyson J.E. & Williams, D.A., The Physics of the Interstellar Medium, (Taylor & Francis, 1997) van der Hulst J. M., The Interstellar Medium in Galaxies, (Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Springer, 2001) Krishan V., Astrophysical Plasmas and Fluids, (Springer, 1999) Spitzer L., Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium, (Wiley-VCH, 1998) Draine B. T., Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium, (Princeton University Press, 2010) Shu F., The Physical Universe, (University Science Books, 1982) Abhyankar, K. D., Astrophysics: Stars and Galaxies, (Universities Press, 2009)

PI 517 Microwave Systems and Antenna Propagation


Unit 1 Review of Maxwell’s equations: electromagnetic radiation, plane waves in dielectric and conducting media, reflection and refraction of waves. 34

Unit 2 Transmission lines, smith chart and its applications, rectangular wave guide, rectangular cavity, modes in waveguides and cavities, dielectric filled wave guides, dielectric slab guide, surface guided waves, non-resonant dielectric guide, modal expansion of fields and its applications. Unit 4 Microwave semiconductor devices: Microwave transistor, microwave tunnel diode, varactor diode, Schottky diode, MESFET: Principle of operation, MOS structure, MOSFET microwave applications, transferred electron devices: Gunn diode, LSA diode, modes of operation Unit 5 Microwave generation and amplification; avalanche effect devices: Read diode, IMPATT diode; klystron: velocity modulation process, bunching process, output power and beam loading; reflex klystron: power output and efficiency; traveling wave tubes, magnetron. Unit 6 Microwave waveguide components: attenuators, phase shifters, matched loads, detectors and mounts, slotted-sections, E-plane tee, H-plane tee, hybrid tees, directional couplers, tuners, circulators and isolators, quarter wavelength transformer, multi section transformer matching section; lumped planar components: capacitor, inductor and balun; power dividers, directional couplers, analysis of these components using the S-parameters, microwave planar filters, planar non reciprocal devices, signal generators: fixed frequency, sweep frequency and synthesized frequency oscillators; frequency meters, VSWR meters, measurements of frequency, attenuation, VSWR and impedance. Unit 7 Antenna characteristics: radiation patterns, directive gain, side lobe, back lobe, polarization, co-polarization and cross polarization level, , frequency reuse, beam width, input impedance, bandwidth, efficiency, antenna types: wire, loop and helix antennas, aperture antenna - slot, waveguide and horn antenna; parabolic reflector antenna. Unit 8 Microwave integrated circuits: different planar transmission lines. Characteristics of Microwave integrated circuits. microstrip antenna: rectangular and circular patch, feed for microstrip antennas: probe feed, microstrip line feed, aperture feed, electromagnetically fed microstrip patch; Text book(s) 1.

Rizzi P.A., Microwave Engineering , (Prentice-Hall, 1999).

Reference book(s) 1.

Pozar, D.M., Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition, (Wiley India Pvt. Limited, 2009). 35

2. 3. 4. 5.

Liao, S.Y., Microwave Devices and circuits, Edition 3 rd, (Prentice-Hall of India, 2000). Collin, R.E, Foundations for Microwave Engineering, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992). Griffiths, D. J., Introduction to Electrodynamics, (Prentice-Hall, 2009). Jackson, J. D., Classical Electrodynamics, Edition 3 rd, (John Wiley & Sons; 1998).

PI 513 Physics of Thin Films


Unit 1 Thin films and thick films, their differences, deposition techniques of thin films and thick films, Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD), Chemical Vapour Deposition, Electroless or solution growth deposition, Electrochemical deposition (ECD), Screen printing of thin films. Unit 2 Nucleation and growth processes, structure of thin films, epitaxial growth (VPE, MBE, MOCVD, etc.), thin film thickness measurement. Unit 3 Analytical and characterization techniques.Mechanical, electrical, electronic and dielectric properties of thin films, Transport phenomena in semiconducting and insulator films, superconductivity of thin films and HTSCs (High Temperature superconductor films), Unit 4 Applications of thin films in electronics, thin films resistors, capacitors and active devices, thin film transducers, thin film, solar cells. Text book(s) 1. Goswami, A., Thin Film Fundamentals, (New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2008) References book(s) 1. George, J., Preparation of Thin Films, (Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1992). 2. Wagendristel, A. and Wang Y., An Introduction to Physics and Technology of Thin Films, (World Scientific Singapore, 1994). 3. Maissel, L. I. and Glang, R., Handbook of Thin Film Technology, (McGraw Hill, 1970). PI 501 Quantum Field Theory


Unit 1 Introduction to fields: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of continuous systems; Introduction to relativistic field theories; Noether’s theorem; Four-vector notations; Lorentz transformations; Natural units. Unit 2

36

Many particle systems: Non-relativistic quantum systems; Free fields; Klein-Gordon equation; Non-relativistic many particle systems; Relativistic free scalar fields; Dirac equation; Antiparticles; Free Dirac fields. Unit 3 Field quantization: Action principle; Quantization of scalar fields; Quantization of Dirac fields; Quantization of vector fields; Lorentz transformation and invariance; Parity, charge conjugation and time reversal; CPT theorem. Unit 4 Interactions among fields: Interactive pictures; S-matrix; Wick’s theorem; Second order processes; Position space Feynman rules; Momentum space Feynman rules; Cross-sections. Text book(s) 1. Griffiths, D., Introduction of Elementary Particles, (Wiley-vch Verlag Gmbh, 2008) 2. Halzen, F. and Martin, A. D., Quarks and Leptons : An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics, (Wiley India, 2008) 3. Ryder, L. H., Quantum Field Theory, (Cambridge University Press, 1996) References book(s) 1. Peskin, M.E. and Schroeder D.V., Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, (Westview Press,1995) 2. Weinberg, S., The Quantum Theory of Field, (Vol. I, II, III) (Cambridge University Press, 2000) 3. Mandal and Shaw, Quantum Field Theory, (John Wiley and Sons, 2010) 4. Perkins, D.H., Introduction to High Energy Physics, (Cambridge University Press, 2000) 5. Aitchison, I.J.R. and Hey Gauge, A.J.G., Theories in Particle Physics, (Taylor & Francis Group, 2002) 6. Chang, S.J., Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, (World Scientific Publishing,1989) PI 511 Super Conductivity and Critical Phenomena


Unit 1 Perfect conductors, superconductors, Meissner effect, critical magnetic field, transition temperature, energy gap parameter, isotopic effect, Type I & Type II superconductors, Vortex state and flux pinning. Thermodynamics of superconductivity, Rutger's formula, London equations. Unit 2 Frohlich model, Formation of cooper pairs, e-p-e interaction, Concept of penetration depth & & coherence length, Pippard's equation, G-L parameters, elements of BCS theory, spin analogue treatment of Anderson. Unit 3

37

Flux quantisation, A.C. & D.C. Josephson effect, SQUID, High Tc superconductors (YBCO & related), Applications of high Tc superconductors.Surface science, superlattices & heterostructures. Text book(s) 1. Kittel, C., Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Edition (Wiley, 2004 ) 2. Burn, G., Solid State Physics (Academic Press, 1985). Reference book(s) 1. Ketterson, J.B. and Song, S.N., Superconductivity, (Cambridge University Press, 1999) 2. Anderson, P.W., Theory of Superconductivitty in high Tc Cuprates, 1st edition (Princeton University Press, 1997) 3. Tinkham, M., Introduction to Superconductivity, 2nd edition (Dover Publications, 2004) 4. Simon, R. and Smith, A., Superconductors : Conquering Technology's New Frontier (Perseus Books Group,1988) PI 503 Introduction to Parton Models


Unit 1 Historical Introduction: Overview of substructure of matter; Discovery and properties of pions and muons; Conservation laws; Strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions; Discovery and properties of strange particles; Invariance under charge (C), parity (P) and time (T) operators; Non-conservation of parity in weak interactions. Unit 2 Quark Model: Quark model of mesons and baryons; Quarks, gluons and colours; Colour factors; Symmetry groups - SU(2), SU(3); Eightfold way of classification; Discovery of J/Ψ and upsilon; Prediction of charm and bottom quarks; Discovery of top quarks; Quark masses. Unit 3 Parton Model: Probing charge distribution with electrons; Form factors; Electron-proton scattering - proton form factor; Elastic electron-proton scattering; Partons; Bjorken scaling. Text book(s) 1. Griffiths, D., Introduction of Elementary Particles (John Wiley and Sons, 1987) 2. Halzen, F., & Martin, A.D., Quarks and Leptons : An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics (John Wiley and Sons, 2008) 3. Ryder, L.H., Quantum Field Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1996) Reference book(s) 1. Peskin, M.E. and Schroeder, D.V., Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (Addison Wesley, 1995) 2. Weinberg, S., The Quantum Theory of Fields (Vol. I, II, III), (Cambridge University Press, 2005) 3. Mandl and Shaw, Quantum Field Theory (John Wiley and Sons, 2010) 4. Perkins, D.H., Introduction to High Energy Physics (Cambridge University Press, 2000) 38

5. Huang, K., Quarks, Leptons and Gauge Field (World Scientific, 1992) 6. Aitchison, I.J.R. and Hey, A.J.G., Gauge Theories in Particle Physics (Adam Hillier, 2004) 7. Chang, S.J., Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (World Scientific, 1990) PI 507 Digital Signal Processing


Unit 1 Introduction: digital signal processor, Signals and Systems. Sampling and Quantization, Unit 2 Specialized transforms-z-transform, Discrete cosine transform, Hilbert transform, Fourier Transforms, DFT, FFTs, Convolution. Unit 3 FIR Filters: Linear phase filter, Windowing Method, Standard and Multi band, Constrained Least Square Filtering, Arbitrary Response Filter Design. Unit 4 Digital filters: IIR Filter Design, in frequency domain, Butterworth, Chebyshev Type I and Type II, Elliptical, Bessel. Unit 5 Spectral Analysis – Welch’s Method, Multilayer method, Yule-Walker Method, Covariance Methods, MUSIC and Eigenvector Analysis Method. Unit 6 Applications in real time problems like extraction of voice from noisy environment, filtering the signal using digital filters etc. Text book(s) 1. Proakis J.G. and Manolakis, D.G., Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, Edition 3 rd, (Prentice Hall, 1996). 2. Mitra, S. K., Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach, (McGraw Hill, 2001). 3. Lyons, R.G., Understanding DSP, Edition 3rd, (Pearson Education, International, 2010). Reference book(s) 1. M.H. Hayes, Digital Signal Processing , Schaum’s Outline Series, (McGraw Hill, 1999). 2. Oppenheim, A. V. and Schafer, R. W., Digital Signal Processing, (Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1993). 3. Porat, B., A course in Digital Signal Processing , (John Wiley & Sons Canada, Limited, 1996). 4. Soliman, S.S. and Srinath, M.D., Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems, (Prentice Hall, 1998). 39

5. Sharma S.,Signals and Systems, (Katson Books, 2010). PI 510 Advanced Material Sciences


Unit 1 Free electron theory of metals, electronic heat capacity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, Wiedemann-Franz law.Motion of electrons in periodic potential, Bloch theorem, Kronig Penney model, band theory of solids, Brillouin zones; insulators, semiconductors and metals, Fermi surface, holes, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, concept of effective mass and law of mass action, study of Fermi surface; cyclotron resonance, de Hass-van Alphen effect, Electron motion in 2-dimension, Quantum Hall effect. Unit 2 Dia, para and ferro magnetism; Langevin’s theory of dia and para magnetism, Pauli paramagnetism, exchange interaction, spin waves and magnon dispersion relation, Neutron scattering from magnetic materials-structure studies, elements of ferrimagnetism and antiferromagnetism, Unit 3 Dielectric constant, polarizability, ferroelectricity, Clausius-Mossoti relations,Thermal conductivity of insulators, Normal and umklapp processes, Vacancies, Colour cenres, Luminescence, dislocations, Burgers vector, crystal growth. Text book(s) 1. 2. 3. 4.

Kittel, C., Introduction to Solid State physics, 7 th Edition (Wiley Eastern Ltd.,1996) Burns, G., Solid State Physics, (Academic press, 1995) Dekker, A. J., Solid State Physics, (Macmillan India Ltd., 2003) Ashcroft, N. W. and Mermin, N. D., Solid State Physics, (Saunders, 1976).

Reference book(s) 1. Ibach, H., & Luth, H., Solid State Physics, 3rd Edition (Springer-Verlag, 2003) 2. Ghatak, A.K. and Kothari, L.S., Introduction to Lattice Dynamics, (Addison-Wesley, 1972) PI 509 Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics


Unit 1 Basic characteristics of optical fibers, attenuation and dispersion in different fibers, Mode theories and modal analysis: Propagation characteristics in single mode and multimode fibers, splices and connectors. Unit 2 Optical communication sources and detectors -basic semiconductor laser and laser diode characteristics, Avalanche and PIN photodetectors and their characteristics. Integrated optics. Unit 3 40

Fiber optic communication system: design, Link analysis, Line coding, multiplexing schemes, signal processing, and optical amplifiers. Unit 4 Fiber optic network systems: LAN, FDDI, SONET and SDH. Fiber optic sensors and solutions. Text book(s) 1. Ghatak,A. and Thyagaranjan, K., Introduction to Fiber Optics, (Cambridge Publisher, 2004). Reference book(s) 1. Decusatis, C., Handbook Of Fiber Optic Data Communication, (Academic Press, 2002). 2. Keiser, G., Optical Fiber Communications, (McGraw-Hill, 2010). 3. Kao, C.K., Optical Fiber Systems, Technology Design & Application, (McGraw-Hill Inc, 1982). PI 504 Modern Particle Physics


Unit 1 Structure of Hadrons and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD): Quantum chromodynamics dual role of gluons; Scaling violation; Altarelli - Parisi equation; e+ – e– annihilation; Three jet events; Perturbative QCD; Drell-Yan process. Unit 2 Weak Interactions: V-A theory; Nuclear β-decay; Neutrino - quark scattering; Cabibbo angle; Weak mixing angle; CP violation; Electro-weak interaction; Weinberg-Salam model. Unit 3 Beyond Standard Model: Unification of forces; Grand unified theories; Proton decay; Neutrino masses; Neutrino oscillations; Elements of super-symmetry; Elements of string theories. Text book(s) 1. Griffiths D., Introduction of Elementary Particle, (Wiley-vch Verlag Gmbh, 2008). 2. Halzen, F., and Martin, A. D., Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics, (Wiley India, 2008). 3. Ryder, L. H., Quantum Field Theory, (Cambridge University Press,1996). Reference book(s) 1. Peskin, M.E. and Schroeder, D.V., Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, (Addison Wesley, 1995). 2. Weinberg, S., The Quantum Theory of Fields (Vol. I, II, III) (Cambridge University Press, 2000). 41

3. Mandl, F., and Shaw, G., Quantum Field Theory, (John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1984). 4. Perkins, D.H., Introduction to High Energy Physics, 4th edtion (Cambridge University Press, 2000). 5. Huang, K., Quarks, Leptons and Gauge Field, 2 nd edition (World Scientific, 1991). 6. Aitchison, I.J.R. and Hey Gauge A.J.G., Theories in Particle Physics (Taylor & Francis, 2002). 7. Chang, S.J., Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, (World Scientific,1989). PI 514 Physics of Solid State Devices


Unit 1 Carrier transport phenomena in semiconductors, High field properties of semiconductors, Basic equations for semiconductor device operations. p-n junction devices; I-V characteristics. Unit 2 Hetero junctions. Bipolar junction transistors, UJT, metal-semiconductor junction device, Schottky diode, JFET, IGFET, MESFET, MOSFET. Microwave semiconductor devices: Parametric amplifiers, varactors, PIN diodes, IMPATT, Tunnel diode, Gunn Effect and Gunn diode. Unit 3 Optoelectronic devices: photoconductivity, photoconductors, photodiodes, LEDs, solar cells hetero and homo. Text book(s) 1. Streetman, B.G. and Banerjee, S., Solid State Electronic Devices , 6th edition (PrenticeHall, 2005) 2. Grove, A.S., Physics and Technology of Semiconductor Devices (John Wiley, 1971) Reference book(s) 1. Sze, S.M. and Kwok, K.Ng., Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 3rd edition(WileyInterscience, 2006) 2. Quinn, J.J. and Yi, K-S., Solid State Physics: Principles and Modern Applications, 1st edition (Springer, 2009) 3. Neamen, D., An Introduction to Semiconductor Devices, 1st edition, (McGraw-Hill, 2005) PI 508 Digital Communication Systems


Unit 1 Introduction to digital communications; sampling techniques. ESD, PSD,Autocorrelation function, orthogonality. Unit 2 Pulse modulation: PAM, PCM, DPCM, delta modulation, ADM. 42

Unit 3 Data transmission: FSK. PSK, DPSK, Mary modulation systems, error probability calculations. Random process: PSD of random process, transmission of random process through linear systems, optimum filtering Unit 4 Behaviour of Digital communication system in presence of noise: optimum threshold detection, OBR, carrier systems ASK,FSK,PSK and DPSK, Spread spectrum systems Optimum Signal Detection: Gaussian random process, optimum receiver, nonwhite channel noise. Unit 5 Error control coding: block and convolution codes. Combined modulation and coding. Examples of typical communication systems: Modems, local area networks, computer communication, microwave, satellite, optical, cellular mobile etc. Text book(s) 1. Lathi, B.P., Modern Analog & Digital Communication Systems (Oxford University Press, 2009). Reference book(s) 1. Haykins,S., Communication systems, 3 rd Edition, (Wiley India Pvt Ltd., 2006). 2. Gallager R. G. , Principles of Digital Communication, (Cambridge University Press,2008). 3. Rao, P.R., Digital Communication, (Tata Mc-graw Hill Publishing Co., 2007) 4. Sklar, B., Digital Communications: Fundamentals & Applications, Edition 2nd, (Pearson Education, 2009) 5. Proakis, J. G. and Salehi, M., Communication Systems Engineering, (McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2007). PI 512 Photonic Devices


Unit 1 Electro-optic Devices: Intensity Modulators, Phase Modulators, Traveling Wave Modulator, LED, LCDs. Acousto-optic Devices: Raman-Nath acousto-optic modulator, Acousto-optic deflector. Unit 2 Nonlinear Optics –based devices: Second harmonic generator, Phase matching, Third order optical nonlinearity, Sum and difference frequency devices, Phase conjugation, Photonic switches and SET devices; Quantum wells, Quantum wires, and Quantum dots, Optical memory devices, Optical Communication devices, Optical Computing. Text book(s) 43

1. Yariv Amnon, Quantum Electronics, 3 rd edition, (Wiley, 1989) 2. Ghatak A. K. and Thyagarajan K., Optical Electronics, (Cambridge University Press, 1989) Reference book(s) 1. Wilson J. & Hawkes J.F.B., Optoelectronics, 2nd edition, (Prentice Hall, 1993) 2. Davis, J. H., Introduction to Low Dimensional Physics, (Cambridge University Press, 1997) 3. Marrakchi, A., Photonic Switching and Interconnects, 1 st edition, (Marcel Dekker, 1994) 4. Fukuda M., Optical Semiconductor Devices, 1 st edition, (Wiley-Interscience, 1998) PI 502 Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)


Unit 1 Classical electromagnetic fields; Quantization of electro -magnetic fields; Electron -electron scattering; Compton scattering; Vacuum polarization; Electron self-energy; Zero temperature Fermi and Bose systems. Path Integral Formalism: Hamiltonian path integrals; Scalar field theories; Dyson -Schwinger equation; Femion systems. Unit 2 Gauge Theories : Path integral formalism and Maxwell fields; Yang-Mills fields; path integral and Feynman rules; Renomalisation of QED; Non-Abelian gauge theories; Gauge field self -energy ; Spontaneous breaking of symmetry; Higgs mechanism ; Renormalisation group. Text book(s) 1. Griffiths, D., Introduction of Elementary Particles (John Wiley and Sons, 1987) 2. Halzen, F., & Martin, A.D., Quarks and Leptons : An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics (John Wiley and Sons, 2008) 3. Ryder, L.H., Quantum Field Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1996) Reference book(s) 1. Peskin, M.E. and Schroeder, D.V., Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (Addison Wesley, 1995) 2. Weinberg, S., The Quantum Theory of Fields (Vol. I, II, III), (Cambridge University Press, 2005) 3. Mandal and Shaw, Quantum Field Theory (John Wiley and Sons, 2010) 4. Perkins, D.H., Introduction to High Energy Physics (Cambridge University Press, 2000) 5. Huang, K., Quarks, Leptons and Gauge Field (World Scientific, 1992) 6. Aitchison, I.J.R. and Hey, A.J.G., Gauge Theories in Particle Physics (Adam Hillier, 2004) 7. Chang, S.J., Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (World Scientific, 1990) PI 516 Microprocessor and DSP Based Systems Unit 1 44

(L1-T0-P2 CH5 Credit 3)

Introduction to microprocessors programming and interfacing Unit 2 Transducers and Sensors: Load Cells, Strain Gauges, weighing transducers, Temperature Sensors (e.g. RTDs, Thermocouples, Semiconductor sensors, etc.), displacement sensors (e.g. LVDTs, RVDTs, encoders, linear scale etc.), proximity sensors, magnetic sensors, optoelectronic sensors, fiber optic sensors, motion transducers (velocity, vibration and acceleration), fluid transducers, pressure transducers, level transducers, etc., can be included. Unit 3 The signal conditioning circuits like current booster, current to voltage converter, instrumentation amplifier, level shifter, 4-20mA current loop, etc. with their design can also be included. Unit 4 The open loop, feedback loop and feed forward loop and servo controllers with details of "Proportional (P)", "Integral (I)", "Derivative (D)", PI, PD, PID controllers. Tuning methods of the same and also auto tuning methods. Unit 5 Interfacing of sensors, stepper motor designing of the signal conditioning circuits along with microcontrollers. Text book(s) 1.Douglas Hall, Microprocessors & Interfacing, Edition 2nd, (Tata McGraw Hill, 1999). Reference book(s) 1. Gaonkar R.S., Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085, Edition 5, (Prentice Hall, 2002). PI-518 General Theory of Relativity


Unit 1 Tensor Analysis: Covariant and contravariant tensors. Quotient rule, Metric tensor, Christoffel symbol, covariant derivative of contravariant and covariant tensors, equations of geodesics, Rhemmann –christeffel sensor, Riccitensor,scalar curvature, Biranchi Identity, Einstein tensor. Unit 2 Elements of GTR : Brief Review of Special theory of Real Mincowskhi dgn. Equivalence ppl & ppl of general congriance, Einstein equation, Low velocity and weak field approximation of Einstein field equation, Gravitational waves.Solution of EFE, Static and Schewarza child solution of Einstein equation, Exterior & interior solutions, Schaeerzschild sing celerity & concept of Black hole. Planetary orbits, Bending of Light, Advance of perihelion of Mercury and Gravitational Red shift, Shapirodelay. Early Universe, the Big band theory Vs steady 45

state theory, primordial Helium abundance, CMBR, Decapling of Matter & Radiation. Formation of galaxies, gravitational lensing & Microlens, Elements of quantum gravity and quantum cosmology, Hawrking Radiation. Text book(s) 1. 2. 3.

Chandrasekhar S, Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure, (Dover Publications, 1958) Kippenhahn R. A. and Weigert A., Stellar Structure & Evolution, (Springer- Verlag, 1994). Frank S., The Physical Universe, (Universal Science Books,1982).

Reference book(s) 1. Stewart, J., Advanced General Relativity, (Cambridge University Press, 2008). 2. Landau, L. D. and Lifshitz, E. M., The Classical Theory of Fields, 4th Edition (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000). 3. Erika, B., Stellar Physics- Vo.I, II,III, (Cambridge University Press 1997). 4. Weingberg S., Gravitation and Cosmology, (John Willey & Sons, 2005). 5. Shutz B., A first course in General Relativity, (Cambridge University Press, 2009) 6. Padmanabhan T., Theoretical Astrophysics , Vol.I,II,III, (Cambridge University Press, 2003). 7. Giunti C. and Kim C., Fundamentals of Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, (Oxford University Press, 2007). 8. Abhyankar, K. D., Astrophysics stars at galexies, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2002). 9. Bisnovatyi- Kogan, G. S., Stellar Physics, Vol.I & II, (Springer-Verlag, 2002). PI 505 Basic Astronomy and Astrophysics


Unit 1 Basic Astronomy: Celestial co-ordinate systems. Telescope—operational principles and mounting. Atmospheric extinctions. Magnitude systems. Constellations and Zodiac. Unit 2 Stellar Structure and Evolution: Mass, luminosity, chemical composition, temperature and equation of a star and their measurements. Stellar spectra and classifications. Main sequence stars. Colour-magnitude plot. Herzsprung-Russel(H-R) diagram. Equation of hydrostatic equilibrium. Polytropic stars and related integral theorems. Stellar atmosphere. Black-body radiation. Saha equation. Post-main sequence stars. Red giants. Nuclear reactions, reaction rates, p-p chain and carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle. Unit 3 Solar System: Sun and its properties. Planets and satellites. Asteroids. Comets and Oort’s cloud. Dust in the solar system. Origin of the solar system—different hypotheses. Text book(s) 1.

Chandrasekhar S, Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure, (Dover Publications, 1958). 46

2. 3.

Kippenhahn R.A., & Weigert. A., Stellar Structure & Evolution, (Springer- Verlag, 1994). Abhyankar K.D., Astrophysics Stars and Galaxies, (Universities Press, 2009).

Reference book(s) 1. Stewart J., Advanced General Relativity, (Cambridge University Press, 2008). 2. Landau L. D. & Lifshitz E. M., The Classical Theory of Fields, (ButterworthHeinemann, Elsevier, 1987). 3. Vitense E. B., Stellar Physics- Vol. I, II,III, (Cambridge University Press, 1992). 4. Weingberg S., Gravitation & Cosmology, (Wiley, New York,1972). 5. Shutz, B., A first course in General Relativity, (Cambridge University Press, 2009). 6. Padmanabhan T, Theoretical Astrophysics , Vol.I, II, III, (Cambridge University Press, 2003). 7. Giunti C. & Kim, C., Fundamentals of Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, (Oxford UniversityPress, 2007). 8. Bisnovatyi- Kogan, G.S. Stellar Physics, Vol. I & II, , (Springer-Verlag, 2002). 9. Shu F., The Physical Universe, (Universal Science Books, 1982). PI 515 High Energy and Extragalactic Astrophysics


Unit 1 Advanced Stages of Evolution of Stars: Gravitational collapse. Degeneracy pressure in stars. Supernova. Unit 2 Compact Objects: White dwarfs (WD). Onset of degeneracy. Chandrasekhar limit. Masses, radii and cooling of WD. Magnetic WD. Neutron stars (NS). Equation of state in nuclear domain. Realistic theoretical models. Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation. Observation of NS masses, maximum masses and effects of rotation. Pulsars (PLSR). History and discovery. Connections with fast rotating NS. Magnetic dipole model for PLSR. Braking index. PLSR emission mechanisms. PLSR glitches. X-ray PLSR. Black holes (BH). Schwarzchild BH. Kruskal diagram. Test particle motion. Kerr BH. Area theorem. BH evaporation. Unit 3 Galaxies: Hubble's classification of galaxies. Rotation law. Evolution of galaxies. Cluster of galaxies – Virgo and Coma clusters. Galaxy mergers. Radio galaxies. Quasars. Active galactic nuclei (AGN). Text book(s) 1.

Kippenhahn, R.A. & Weigert. A., Stellar Structure & Evolution, (Springer- Verlag, 1994). 2. Misner, C., Thorne, K.S. & Wheelar, J.A., Gravitation, (Freeman, 2003). 3. Kenyon, I.R., General Relativity, (Oxford University Press, 1990). Reference book(s)

47

1.

Landau L. D. & Lifshitz E. M., The Classical Theory of Fields, (ButterworthHeinemann, Elsevier,1987) 2. Weingberg S., Gravitation & Cosmology, (Wiley, New York, 1972). 3. Vitense E. B., Stellar Physics – Vol. I, II, III, (Cambridge University Press, 1992). 4. Robert J. & Mark H., An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology, (Cambridge University Press, 2004). 5. Lindu S., John S., Galaxies in the Universe, (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 6. Rosswog, S. & Bruggen M., Introduction to High Energy Astrophysics, (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 7. Bradt H., Astrophysics Processes, (Cambridge University Press, 2008). 8. Shu F., The Physical Universe, (Universal Science Books, 1982). 9. Abhyankar K.D, Astrophysics Stars and Galaxies, (Universities Press, 2009). 10. Shapiro S.L. & Teukolsky S.A., Black Holes, White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars: The Physics of Compact Objects, (Wiley-VCH, 1983). 11. Zel’dovich Y. B., Novikov, I.D., Realistic Astrophysics Vol. I & II, (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1983). PI 506 Introduction to Cosmology


Unit 1 Introduction: Large scale structure of universe. Olber's paradox. Cosmological principle. Elements of Newtonian cosmology. Unit 2 Cosmological Models: Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric. Comoving time. Hubble’s law. Einstein universe. De-Sitter universe. Big bang theory. Steady state theory. Unit 3 Early Universe: Inflationary universe. Primordial helium abundance. Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). Decoupling of matter and radiation. Formation of galaxies. Gravitational lensing and microlensing. Elements of quantum gravity and quantum cosmology. Hawking Radiation. Text book(s) 1. 2. 3.

Narliker, J.V, Introduction to Cosmology, (CUP., 2002). Adler, Bazin, Schriffer, Introduction to General Relativity,(McGraw Hill, 1975). Misner,C.,Thorne, K.S, Wheelar, J.A, Gravitation ,(Freeman, 2003).

Reference book(s) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Weingberg S., Gravitation & Cosmology, (Willey, New York,1972). Erika, Bohm, Stellar Physics- Vo.I, II,III, (Vitense, 1992). Weinberg S., Cosmology, (OUP, 2008). Liddle A, Loverday J, The Oxford Companion to Cosmology, (OUP, 2008). Kenyon, I.R., General Relativity, (OUP, 1990). Frank Shu, The Physical Universe, (Universal Science Books,1982). Abhyankar,K.D, Astrophysics stars at galexies, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2002). Shapiro S.L. & Teukolski S.A., Black Hole, White Dwarf and Neutron Star, (Addition Wiley, 1983). 48

9.

Zel’dovich Ya. B., and Novikov, I.D, Realistic Astrophysics Vol. I & II, (University Chicago Press, Chicago, 1983). 10. Abhyankar,K.D, Astrophysics, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2002). 11. Shapiro S.L. & Teukolski S.A., Black Hole, White Dwarf and Neutron Star, (Addition Wiley, 1983). 12. Zelelovich Ya. B., Novikov, I.D, Realistic Astrophysics Vol. I & II, (University Chicago Press, Chicago, 1971). PI 519 Surface Science


Unit 1 Ultra high Vacuum systems, Structure of surfaces, simple surface relaxation, surface structure notation, and surface plasmon, surface phonons etc. Surface cleaving and interaction of gases with surfaces, physisorption, chemisorption, missing row model, Langmuir Blodgett films, Co-adsorption, Electronic surface structure: surface charge density, Fiedel oscillations, Fowler Nordheim equations, Crystal face dependence, charge density effects from chemisorption. Unit 2 Surface related techniques: synchrotron radiation, Low energy electron diffraction( LEED), Photoelectron ( or emission) spectroscopy ( PES), Auger electron spectroscopy ( AES), Electron energy loss spectroscopy( EELS), Extended x-ray absorption fine structure ( EXAFS), scanning tunneling microscopy ( STM), Atomic Force microscopy ( AFM). Text book(s) 1. 2. 3.

Oura K., Lifshits V.G., Saranin A.A., Zotov A.V. and Katayama M., Surface Science: An Introduction, 2 nd edition, (Springer, 2010). O'Connor D.J., Sexton B. A., Smart R. S.C., Surface Analysis Methods in Materials Science, 2nd ed, (Springer, 2010) Desjonqueres M.-C. and Spanjaard D., Concepts in Surface Physics, 2nd edition, (Springer, 2002).

PI 520 Nanostructures


Unit 1 Electronic states in crystals energy bands Concepts of 2D nanostructures (quantum wells), 1 D nanostructures (quantum wires) 0D nanostructures (quantum dots), artificial atomic clusters, Charging of quantum dots, Coulomb blockade, Quantum mechanical treatment of quantum wells, wires and dots, Widening of band gap in quantum dots, Strong and weak confinement, Size dependent properties, Size dependent absorption spectra, Blue shift with smaller sizes, Phonons in nanostructures, Contacts at Nano level. Properties of coupled quantum dots, Optical scattering from nano defects, Properties of nanorods, belts, combs and wires; carbon nanotubes. Unit 2 Metallic Nanoparticles, permittivity and permeability based on Lorentz oscillator model, Surface Plasmons, Properties of metallic nanoparticles 49

Unit 3 Methods of Synthesis: Molecular beam epitaxy, MOCVD, chemical routes, pulsed laser deposition, ion beam assisted techniques including embedded nanoparticles, RF sputtering. Methods of Analysis: Optical Absorption Spectra, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Energy dispersive analysis, Low energy electron diffraction (LEED), electron energy loss microscopy, Atomic force microscopy, ERDA (Elastic Recoil Detection analysis, Rutherford back scattering, Resonant Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Magnetic Force Microscopy. Text book(s) 1. Barnam, K., and Vvedensky, D., Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures: Fundamentals and Device Applications, 1st edition, (Cambridge University Press, 2001) 2. Banyai, L., and Koch, S.W., Semiconductor Quantum Dots, (World Scientific, 1993). 3. Davies, J.H., The Physics of Low-dimensional Semiconductors: An Introduction, (Cambridge University Press, 1997).

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