QSbiota. Convert. QSbiota in equivalent water concentration. Perform a conversion from water to biota target TL. Use BCF/BAF/BMF or TMF median for target TL.
TH159 - Standards - an essential link between environmental science and regulation
Derivation of Environmental Quality Standards for biota using reliable bioaccumulation data A. AMARA, M. DALLET and S. ANDRES National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS) - Expertise unit in Toxicology & Ecotoxicology of Substances Parc Technologique ALATA, BP 2 F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
Introduction
Methodology
The Water Framework Directive, WFD (2000/60/EC), sets the strategy against the chemical pollution of surface water bodies. The environmental quality standards (EQS) are tools used to assess the chemical status of water bodies. Daughter directive (2013/39/EU) considers that EQS must be established in the matrix of the aquatic environment (water, sediment or biota) where a substance is likely to be found and where its concentration is most likely to be measurable. Some substances pose a significant risk through indirect toxicity (i.e. secondary poisoning resulting from food-chain transfer) and their analysis is more feasible in other environmental matrices, such as biota, then a biota standard may be required alongside, or instead of, the water column EQS. This work aims to derive quality standards applicable in biota equivalent to EQS for four dangerous and priority classified substances by the WFD (tributyltin, diethylhexylphthalate, short chains chloralkanes (C10-13) and pentachlorobenzene).
Quality standards were derived using bioaccumulation factors. All retrieved literature was evaluated with respect to its relevance and reliability according to the TGD-EQS. Composition and completeness of the marine and freshwater food-chains are evaluated and only reliable and relevant data are considered valid for use in setting a quality standard. The principle of this deriving approach, based on the matrix on right, depends on the properties of the substance and the available information. It is performed: either, a conversion of the EQS from water to biota using bioaccumulation factors for each trophic level (TL), or a conversion between different trophic levels (biota) directly by using the biomagnification factor if the substance is biomagnified, or by using an intermediate conversion into the water if the substance is not biomagnified.
Marine top predator
Freshwater predator (TL5)
Marine predator (TL5) BMF2
Human fish consumption
Large fish (TL4) QSbiota, secpois QSbiota, hh
BMF1 BAF BCF
Small fish and other prey (TL 1-3)
Water
Scheme on how to recalculate standards into water or biota concentrations (Moermond and Verbruggen, 2013)
GENERAL SCHEME PROPOSED FOR DERIVING QSs IN BIOTA EQS is determined from QSbiota ?
no
1
Case study 1 : Tributyltin Considering: - EQS is not determined from QSbiota (WFD data sheet) - TBT is not biomagnified in most ecosystems
2
yes
3
4
Produce equivalences between TLs using QSbiota (fish TL4) 4
2a
Valid BCFs/BAFs available?
yes
QSbiota (fish TL4) = (BAF median) * (QSwater) = 6310 l/kg pf *0.0002 µg/l = 1.25 µg TBT/kg ww
Convert QSbiota in equivalent water concentration
no
2b
Biomagnifiable substance?
Valid BAFs (TL4) available?
no
BCF BMF (median) (median)
QSbiota (µg/kg )
no
2b
Implement QSbiota only for freshwater TL4 and marine TL5
-
367
192752
-
367
Reference
0.002 (freshwater)
Kelly et al., 2007 BCF
0.0002 (marine water)
Barry et al., 1983
43.7
(TL4)
BCF (median): Veith et al., 1980 Fish (TL3)
153108
-
306
30.6
-
Yakata et al., 2006 EURAS database
Mussels
4300
-
8.6
0.86
TMF
Fish (TL3) Fish and mussels (TL2)
2.38
QSbiota mg/kg
QSbiota mg/kg
Reference
(freshwater) 16,6 6,97 6,61
(marine) 16.6 6,97 2,93 3
Ma et al., 2014
2,93
1.23
TMF :
Conclusion QSwater µg/L
BMF (median): 8.4
Case study 3 : Short chains chloralkanes (C10-13) Considering: - QSbiota = 16.6 mg/kg for freshwater fish TL4 and marine fish TL5 (WFD data sheet) - SCCPs are biomagnified
Fish (TL5) Fish (TL4)
Marine predator -
Use TMFs
Type of prey
(marine) (TL5) Fish
3
Perform conversion between TLs using valid TMF of 2.38 : QSbiota (TLn)=QSbiota (TLn+1)/TMF
QSbiota
(freshwater)
yes
yes
Use BMFs [TLn ; TLn+1]
Only for marine > TL4: perform conversion using valid BMF of 8.4: QSbiota (marine TL4)=QSbiota (marine TL5)/TMF
(µg/kg)
No conversion needed and It is more appropriate to apply the QSbiota to organisms belonging to lower and benthic trophic levels. However, the application of the QSbiota on a higher trophic level will be protective.
Valid TMFs available?
Valid BMFs available?
2b
For freshwater and marine TLs (
