design thinking challenges in education - DiVA portal

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    

                                                                   

Keywords: Design thinking, needfinding, design education, engineering design education, empathic design                                          ‘understanding customer needs’  ‘being customer focused’            ‘we know our customers’                thinkingacting                                                                                                                   

ICED'09 

10-89

10-89

                                                                                  one                                                “what customers can’t tell you might be just what you need to develop successful new products.”                thinking             the purpose in this paper is to elaborate on our efforts to educate engineers in design thinking,                                                                                                            10-90 

10-90

ICED'09

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 thing                                                       process         “…is made possible through a particular kind of interaction that unfolds between the practitioner and the situations he or she engages. …artistry is possible when both ends and means are open to clarification and shaping by the skills, knowledge and interest of a practitioner in situations where ambiguity, risk, complexity and indeterminacy abound.”   ICED'09 

10-91

10-91

          and     “…an effort to match an existing situation to a preexisting solution and then progress by following a predetermined set of instructions.”            “…an effort to use personal capabilities and intentions to generate both a desired outcome and to find a way of achieving this outcome with the materials and resources at hand.”                       

 

                                                    “With what tools and models do I organize my thinking and understand the world?”                                          …one of the most intractable problems is that of defining problems (of knowing what distinguishes an observed condition from a desired condition) and of locating problems (finding where in the complex causal networks the trouble really lies).”                           “…before designers can solve a design problem they need to understand some basics – such as what they are designing, what it should do and who should use it and in what circumstances.”                                  

10-92 

10-92

ICED'09

                 “As an engineer, I like to take a thing, a product, look at it, twist and turn it, and then improve it or make it better”.                                       need     basic needs       protection needs        social needs   esteem needs      selfactualiation needs                                Qualifier needs    Activity needs                 Context needs                                              Common needs,                 “…can be a powerful way for firms to stop predicting the future and start creating it.”            “…label any attribute of a potential product that is desired by the customer; we do not distinguish here between a want and a need. Other terms used in industrial practice to refer to customer needs include customer attributes and customer requirements.”                                 

ICED'09 

10-93

10-93

                      “We will try to meet as many needs as possible. Our product will meet all these needs.”                                         “othing happens they just sit in their chairs or rest in their beds.”                                                                           “You are not doing the product for yourself; you are doing it for someone else.”                    

for  with                by               

 for   with   by                         “…it’s just that we interpret that methodology very differently according to the nature of the task at hand.”                            

10-94 

10-94

ICED'09

“a method to our madness”                                          “people are human”                “…feel comfortable enough to poke fun at each other – even at the boss…”                                                                                                                                                                                                                     “There is fierce competition out there, which means we require the best supply chain, the strongest finance operation, the most creative dealmakers, the greatest customer focus and the finest engineers to help take us into the future”.                    ICED'09 

10-95

10-95

    

Courage and integrity  Judgement                Breadth and business understanding  Influence and working together          Delivering and managing work         

                                           

 

                          

Empathy   Integrative thinking 

10-96 

10-96

ICED'09

  

 Optimism  Experimentalism                          Collaboration             and



         “…maintain the depth and focus of a single discipline while adding a “crossbar” of design thinking that drives the integration of multiple perspectives into solving real problems.”                      

“on’t really have any expectations. I’m very openminded. Hope to learn something that I can use.” “My expectations are that I like to learn more about product development processes. What to do when I have an idea for a new product or how to get ideas for new products.”

 “I wish to learn the different ways to improve and/or solve any problem; learn how to apply the different strategies, with optimum time, money and resources.”

                        “he course feels really interesting. ot only because of the product development view, but also because of the way the course is held with discussions and seminars. I haven’t worked that way since senior high school, five years ago. I’m really looking forward to it.”

                                     I wish: … the lecture had more information from the textbook. … we had more ‘background’ before the last exercise. … that all the slides in the lecture were gone through. ICED'09 

10-97

10-97

… that we have easier access to more information on this subject. … to have the material available before the lecture.                 I wish: … that the assignments where a bit more structured. … the teamwork was more structured. … the team project were a little bit more specified. … more explanations of the exercises.          “Uncertainty and ambiguity are part of creative design. We do not expect that you will deliver a best optimal solution in only 10 minutes, just play the game”.                                                                              I wish: … that we had more time to talk in groups about the subject. … we had more time to get deeper into the subjects. … that we could try to both explain and build Lego. … that my brain was less confused.  I like: … the creative parts where you have to think. Makes deeper knowledge. … the exercise. I liked that it was brief info first, then exercise, then deep info. … that the exercise proved what was said in the lecture. … the rapid exercises and that we have to do some ‘unprepared’ presentations. …that we got the chance to use the theory. … the creative sessions in the lecture, it’s always fun to do something practical. I wish: … that we do more of these exercises. … all my classes were like this one!                                                                         10-98 

10-98

ICED'09

                                  

 

   Customercentric product definition the key to great product development,    Design Management Journal   SAE Future Transportation Technology Conference and Exposition, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.  Harvard Business Review  The Mechanical Design Process,  Total Design – Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering,    Product Design and Development,   Harvard Business Review  Thoughtful Interaction Design. A Design Perspective on Information Technology,     Key Qualifications in Work and Education,    The art of Innovation. Lessons in Creativity from IDEO, America’s Leading Design Firm,   Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering Design,   Design Science Introduction to the eeds, Scope and Organization of Engineering Design Knowledge,  The Sciences of the Artificial,   Systems Practice and Action Research,    ICED'09 

10-99

10-99

                 

Designers, the Key to Successful Product Development,    Proceedings of 12th International Product Development Conference,  Journal of Business Strategy, The Opposable Mind.   Experiences in Visual Thinking,   MIT Sloan Management Review,  Policy Sciences,    Fieldwork for design – theory and practice,  Service Management and Marketing: A Customer Relationship Management Approach,  The Practice of Management Design Management Review, A eedbased Approach to Product Development.     Total Quality Management,  Democratizing Innovation, 2005.   Harvard Business Review,       Key Process, Management & Organizational Interactions, 

           

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10-100 

10-100

ICED'09