The presenter system utilizes an existing presentation software. (PowerPoint) to ..... We used a MacBook Pro for the presenter's device; it has an Intel Core i7 2.3 ...
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 7, No. 7, 2016
Developing a Real-Time Web Questionnaire System for Interactive Presentations Yusuke Niwa, Shun Shiramatsu, Tadachika Ozono, Toramatsu Shintani Department of Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
Abstract—Conducting presentations with bi-directional communication requires extended presentation systems, e.g., having sophisticated expressions and gathering real-time feedback. We aim to develop an interactive presentation system to enhance presentations with bi-directional communication during presentations. We developed a hybrid interactive presentation system that is a collaboration between the traditional presentation supporting system, e.g. PowerPoint, and a web application. To gather feedback from audiences at presentations, the web application delivers presentation slides to audiences. The client system provides a feature of creating annotations and answering the questions on delivered presentation slides for making feedback. Specifically, the system provides a real-time questionnaire function where the result is displayed on a shared screen in real time while gathering answers. Since users can make their questionnaire on PowerPoint, the task becomes quite easy. This paper explains the development of the system and demonstrates that the real-time questionnaire system realizes high performance scalability. Keywords—Interactive Presentation; Real-time Web questionnaire; Collaborative tools; communication aids; information sharing; Web services
The hybrid interactive presentation system provides the real-time questionnaire function to count votes and show the result in the presentation software slide show mode and the synchronizing slide content function to display same slide with the presenter screen. The questionnaire function has a crucial part in the interactive presentations to attract the audience and increase the depth of understanding of presentations. In a decision-making scene, the questionnaire function is utilized as a supporting tool for making a decision. The paper is organized as follows. In Section II, we discuss the interactive presentation. In Section III, we explain a design goal of the real-time questionnaire function. In Section IV, we explain a system for interactive presentation system. In Section V, we describe the implementation of the real-time questionnaire. In Section VI, we show the evaluation of the real-time questionnaire function. In Section VII, we discuss the evaluation and the performance. In Section VIII, we conclude the paper and summarize the effects of real-time voting. II.
I.
I NTRODUCTION
In an interactive presentation, a lecturer gives a presentation for the audience and the audience provides feedback about the presentation slide by slide. We proposed a hybird interaction presentation system [1], [2], [3] that consists of three subsystems: a presenter system, audience system and back-end system. The presenter system utilizes an existing presentation software PowerPoint to display presentation slide content and extends the presentation software to interactive presentation functions. The audience system is a web application for collecting comments from the audience and shows the same slide image with the presenter’s display. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the real-time questionnaire function and evaluate the performance. We implemented new functions for an easy-to-use and quick feedback system on web browsers from the audience to realize the interactive presentation. The existing presentation softwares (e.g. Microsoft PowerPoint and Apple Keynote) and the presentation web applications (e.g. Google Drive, iCloud, Office 365) do not support the functions for the interactive presentation. We attempt to implement the functionalities as a co-application with PowerPoint for easy deployment. The realtime questionnaire function uses existing presentation software functions to display the questionnaire result as a graph, pie chart or bar graph.
I NTERACTIVE P RESENTATION
The interactive presentation plays a key role in education. Clicker Assessment and Feedback (CAF) is an instructional assessment and feedback strategy that is incorporated with interactive technologies for higher education, often referred to as clickers. CAF is important as one use for the interactive presentation. Wireless systems that enable professors to ask questions and have students respond using hand-held devices (clickers) are proposed in existing studies [4], [5]. Existing studies of CAF confirm the efficacy of the interactive functionality at presentations in education, but the hand-held devices for gathering feedback from students are a hindrance in a large class. In recent years, the software clickers have been proposed to avoid the trouble of having to install specific physical devices. Hauswirth et al. proposed a software clicker to teach Java programming for higher education, which allows for much richer types of problems than the traditional multiple-choice questions [6]. The burden of installing devices is certainly removed with the use of the software clickers, but the approach requires setting applications for collecting opinions of audiences before each presentation. The approach Triglianos et al. proposed resolves the problem via an interactive presentation system such as a web application [7]. The proposed method lacks flexibility of designing presentations provided in the conventional applications for supporting presentations. 506| P a g e
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presentations. In conventional research, the specific devices are needed to gather the answers from audiences. Our approach requires that the answers are collected using the web application and then simplifies the operation of performing the real-time questionnaire.
Fig. 1: Presenter can manipulate slide objects with motion controllers during an ongoing presentation.
When lecturers deliver presentations in an unexpected context, i.e., the situation such as the place, knowledge of audiences and questions is unexpected, designing presentation slides and giving a presentation are challenging. To achieve flexible presentations for solving issues in presentations, tangible interfaces based on direct interaction with digitally encoded printed handouts are proposed in previous studies [8], [9]. Our ongoing efforts at Silhouette Effects are dedicated to scaling conventional presentation tools to instant manipulations of slide objects at the presentation mode [10]. Fig. 1 shows that a presenter using Silhouette Effects can manipulate slide objects with motion controllers duraing an ongoing presentation. While Silhouette Effects supports only the features for delivering presentations, in our work we target the hybrid interactive presentation system that is intended to improve the presentations by having interaction between lecturers and audiences without loss of the flexible presentation functionality. We demonstrate a real-time questionnaire system that is based on the hybrid interactive presentation system and gathers feedback from audiences in presentations with the HTML5 web technologies. III.
R EAL -T IME Q UESTIONNAIRE FOR I NTERACTIVE P RESENTATIONS
Our system has a real-time questionnaire function that enables a lecturer to collect what audiences are thinking about the presentation without questionnaire papers. In the section, we define the requirements and the required functions to realize the real-time questionnaire.
Our objective is to have our system provide seamless questionnaires in the interactive presentation easily. Therefore, the real-time questionnaire system should be independent of troublesome specific coded communication channels and authentication mechanisms for ensuring safety and anonymity in questionnaires. We take no thought of challenges of the web questionnaire system, such as cheating via multiple responses and assurance of anonymity. Even if the problems are out of consideration, our approach has the efficacy of decisionmaking at a certain scale of meetings in enterprises and organizations. As you perform the questionnaires you want to consider problems of safety; thus, we implement a new questionnaire mode for tackling the problems with existing approaches [11]. We suppose that the real-time questionnaire is used in a situation wherein a lecturer and audiences are in the same location and there are dozens or hundreds of audience members. Hence, we consider the scalability of the real-time questionnaire because an increase in audience members leads to network congestion and high processing time, that is, reason for a delay in displaying the results of the questionnaires in real time. Moreover, because of the requirements of the specific devices expressed in the approaches of the previous studies, the scale of the effort to carry out questionnaires is vast in cases where the number of audience members is large, wherein the system does not scale well. B. Design Goal The critical goal of our study is to make it an open possibility to provide the real-time questionnaire at the interactive presentation easily when a lecturer and audiences are in the same location. We set the following concrete objectives: •
Interoperability: The approach should be independent of special devices and applications for collecting opinions of audiences, i.e., audiences should answer the questionnaires using the personal devices without reference to the type and OS of devices.
•
Interactive Functionality: A lecturer and audiences should share presentation slides and the results of the questionnaires in real time when delivering a presentation. Audiences should send feedback for the questionnaires at presentations to improve the communication among participants during the real-time questionnaire.
•
Scalability: The approach should absolutely perform summary of a questionnaire and display the results in real time in cases where there is a large audience at a presentation.
A. Requirements We aim to offer a simple method to have the real-time questionnaire, i.e., the type of the questionnaire in which the result is displayed on a shared screen in real time during the implementation of presentations. The real-time questionnaire in presentations helps to maintain focus on presentations and to comprehend and increase the depth of understanding of
To attain interoperability, we implement a user interface for audiences such as the web application. The specific devices and applications for collecting comments from audiences are not required, and personal devices such as notebooks, smart phones and tablet computers are used in our system. 507| P a g e
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Fig. 2: Silhouette Arena: Hybrid Interactive Presentation System.
Our system supports interactive functionality that ensures communication between a lecturer and audiences during the real-time questionnaire. The results of the questionnaires are displayed on a shared screen while submitting answers from audiences using the graph provided by Microsoft Excel. When updating the result on the presentation slide in accordance with the received answers, audiences share presentation slides in real time using the web application operating with general web browsers. Concretely, audiences submit handwritten memos and text comments as feedback for presentations. Submitted handwritten memo and comments are sent to the device of a lecturer and reflected on presentation slides. The communication mechanism can be crucial to improvement of the consensus of opinions. Our system supports real-time information presented for lecturers and the features of feedback posting from audience members. The approach of the web application contributes to the scalability of our system by reason of independence from the specific devices for gathering feedback. Besides, to avoid the network congestion and the high processing time, we design the mechanism of the interactive presentation that is based on the tallying server to handle the crush of demand. To confirm the efficacy of the mechanism, we performed an experiment of the time delay of sharing the results of the questionnaires among a lecturer and audience members.
Fig. 3: Architecture of Silhouette Arena.
features, e.g., sending the information of shared presentation slides. Moreover, the Silhouette Effects enables users to manipulate slide objects. The slide objects, such as text and figures, can be moved, zoomed, modified and removed using the presentation controller at the presentation mode of PowerPoint. Furthermore, lecturers can start a questionnaire at any time in presentations. While audiences submit the answers of the questionnaire, the result of the questionnaire is visualized using Excel graphs in real time on a presentation slide. The Silhouette Web provides the user interface for displaying presentation slides and adding annotations and handwritten memos on shared slides in order to share presentation slides and submit opinions of the audience. The web application consists of two layers, i.e., a layer to recreate presentation slides and to share feedback from audiences in real-time. The first layer recreates presentations made of presentation slides that are converted into images. The approach is known to perform reliably and accurately since converting presentation slides to images was commonly achieved by web conferences in previous research [12]. On the second layer on the front of the web application, audiences generate annotations and handwritten memos that are composed of DOM elements for sending opinions and feedback to a lecturer. Fig. 3 shows the architecture of the system. The Silhouette Effects communicates with the Silhouette Web via the Silhouette Server.
The architecture of the hybrid interactive presentation system, called Silhouette Arena, is shown in Fig. 2. The Silhouette Arena consists of three main parts: the Silhouette Effects, the Silhouette Web, and the Silhouette Server in Fig. 2.
The Silhouette Server of managing the interactive presentation is divided into three internal subsystems. The first subsystem is a storage server keeping presentation slides that have been converted into images. When lecturers start presentations or manipulate the slide objects in presentations, the presentation controller converts the presentation slides into images and uploads the images to the storage server. The function of the storage server is to issue the URL of each uploaded image.
The Silhouette Effects controls a PowerPoint to share presentation slides with clients called Silhouette Web. The Silhouette Effects provides the presentation with supporting
The Silhouette Effects sends the URLs of the images to the second subsystem, which is a WebSocket server for real-time communication among lecturers and audiences. The
IV.
S ILHOUETTE A RENA : S YSTEM FOR H YBRID I NTERACTIVE P RESENTATION
A. Architecture
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Fig. 4: Control Flow of Updating Pie Chart Graph.
WebSocket server pushes received data in real time. The presentation controller and the web application communicate through the WebSocket server. The Silhouette Web serializes and sends the created annotations and handwritten memo to the WebSocket server of the Silhouette Server. The Silhouette Effects deserializes the received data and generates the slide objects. Then, the feedback from audiences is displayed on the presentation slides in real time. The third subsystem is the counting server that tallies answers of the real-time questionnaire. The count process consists of the following three steps. First, the system notifies an issue of a questionnaire by the lecturer to the client web application via the WebSocket server, then the web applications launches a questionnaire mode and presents voting answers. Second, the clients send the answer selected by their users to the counting server, and then the server tallies the answers and saves the results to the storage. Finally, the counting server sends the results of the questionnaires to the presentation controller at regular intervals. Fig. 4 presents how to update a pie chart graph with PowerPoint material in the Silhouette Arena in order to prevent unexpected crushes of the PowerPoint system. The most important part is the counting server in Fig. 4. The counting server keeps pace by updating the pie chart without crashes of the PowerPoint. Then the counting server receives voting data from Silhouette Web clients, collects the votes and sends the result to the Control Slide Object Module periodically. When the Control Slide Object Module receives the voting result, it operates the PowerPoint to update the graph, and it sends an image file of the slide to the Silhouette Server to distribute the image to the clients. B. Silhouette Effects: System for Enhancing Prsentation Expressions Our approach supports the lecturers to give a presentation effectively with the proposed method of Silhouette Effects. There is a designing mode that modifies slide objects and a presentation mode that gives a presentation in Microsoft
Fig. 5: Silhouette Web: Audience can make feedbacks, text annotations and freehand drawings on the Web application.
PowerPoint, and normally the users cannot edit slide objects at the presentation mode. Silhouette Effects expands the methods for utilization of the presentation mode. When delivering a presentation, running our system together with PowerPoint allows the users to modify slide objects at the presentation mode. The proposed method for manipulating objects on slides in real time realizes the reactive presentation. Manipulating slide objects such as moving, zooming and adding some visual effects allows the lectures to guide and keep the audience’s attention, as well as to communicate information in visual space through representing the animations and effects of slide objects reactively. Moreover, Silhouette Effects provides presentationsupporting functions except for manipulations of slide objects, that is, the handwritten memo and the pointing feature are available in the presentation mode. The lecturers perform the presentation-supporting functions with input operations from a mouse and a keyboard or gesture inputs using Leap Motion and Kinect. Since Leap Motion and Kinect have an advantage over the typical input devices such as a mouse and a keyboard, our system corresponds with the gesture input interface. Leap Motion supports very precise finger tracking, and then we construct a highly intuitive interface by using Leap Motion. Additionally, Kinect has high user mobility that supports skeleton tracking in the wide recognizable area. Therefore, by using Kinect, we construct the interface with high user mobility and interact through the movement of users’ whole body. The gesture input interface to manipulate slide objects supports the gestures bound to mundane actions such as the action of grasping something a person would hold, and the gestures are widely known such as Swipe and Pinch-in/out. Thus, the gesture input interface using Leap Motion and Kinect achieves seamless input operations for the presentation-supporting functions. C. Silhouette Web: Feedback System for Audience Fig. 5 shows the interface of the web application for submitting feedback from audiences, called Silhouette Web. To participate in the interactive presentation, audiences open 509| P a g e
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the web application. The web application runs on common web browsers and devices to achieve the interoperability necessary for audiences to send feedback with respective devices. Since the web application assumes a crucial role in the interactive presentation, we describe the user interface in detail. Audiences need to enter an ID in the window when opening the web application to get into the interactive presentation. The counting server in the real-time questionnaire that gathers answers from audiences and tallies the real-time questionnaire manages answers from audiences with the IDs. The web application associates the answers of the questionnaires with the entered ID and sends them to the counting server. Then, the counting server keeps a correct tally in cases of receiving multiple answers from the same web application. The ID is also sent to the presentation controller through the WebSocket server when entering the ID. The presentation controller enumerates the number of audience members that submits the ID. The number of audience members is displayed on the screen in presentations for the duration of the questionnaire. If the number of entrants of the questionnaire is apparent, the lecturer compares the actual number of entrants with the displayed number, thus helping the lecturer to determine whether there is a repeater that votes answers with multiple web applications or not. The lower bar of the screen has the four-color buttons for answering questionnaires: the controller of page transitions, the comment-posting button, the mode switch and the synchronization switch. As audiences give a reply to the questionnaire using the four-color buttons, the web application sends the answer to the counting server. The dialogue for inputting comments is displayed when clicking the comment-posting button. The comments are sent to the presentation controller on a device of a lecturer and saved in presentation slides. After presentations, the lecturers check submitted comments to assess the audience’s feedback. The users define the behavior of pressing and holding the mouse button and dragging by the mode switcher, i.e., users select the pointer mode or the handwritten mode. The synchronization on/off button configures whether other users’ manipulations are synchronized in real time or not. When the synchronization is off, the manipulations of a lecturer and other audiences are not synchronized. The button allows the users to genuinely browse the presentation slides. When audiences press-and-hold the mouse button and drag, a pointer or handwritten memo is displayed on a presentation slide, and audiences indicate a slide object when delivering feedback. Right clicking on presentation slides displays the dialogue for adding an annotation like Fig. 5. The annotation consists of DOM elements that have a handler of the user’s operation, so the user edits and drags the created annotation.
Fig. 6: Vote interface.
The web application sends the answers of questionnaires as JSON data that contain the color selected using the fourcolor button, the ID for identifying the users and a token for identifying the questionnaires to the counting server. The counting server deserializes the received data and tallies the selected answers with respect to the token. The result is sent to the presentation controller at an interval of two seconds. Although the counting is accomplished in the way that the web application sends answers to the presentation controller directly and the presentation controller compiles the total amount, the device of the lecturer and the network have a heavy processing load. The heavy processing load can be a hindrance to the interactive presentation. Our approach reduces the load by counting results of questionnaires in the external server and sending the results to the lecturer’s device at intervals of two seconds. We consider the chances of continuing to change an answer at intervals of less than two seconds are low. Thus, our approach provides real-time information about the questionnaires. Using the synchronization mechanism of presentation slides as follows, the results of the questionnaires on presentation slides are shared in real time on the web application for audiences. When receiving a questionnaire result, the presentation controller updates a graph for displaying the result using Excel. Then, the presentation controller uploads the image of the updated presentation slide and broadcasts the image URL as JSON data to the web application through the WebSocket server. After the web application updates the image on the first layer that displays presentation slides with the received image, the result of the questionnaire is shared in real-time. B. Real-Time Web Questionnaire Protocol
A. Mechanism of The Real-Time Questionnaire
The interactive presentation provides the real-time questionnaire system that enables a lecturer to publish an electrical questionnaire to the audience members and collect the answer during the presentation. In this section, we describe a messaging protocol for the real-time questionnaire system.
The hybrid interactive presentation shares presentation slides, manipulations in presentations and feedback from audiences in real time. The presentation controller on the device of the lecturer and the web application for audiences communicate through the intermediately of the counting server in the real-time questionnaire.
A questionnaire session management in the real-time questionnaire system consists of six steps: announcement, opening, assignment, waiting, closing and cleanup. At the first step, the system broadcasts a title and options on a vote session to clients, and then the clients display the title and the options. The title is ‘Event location’ in Fig. 6. The buttons on the client
V.
I MPLEMENTATION OF R EAL -T IME Q UESTIONNAIRE
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display the options. The buttons display ‘Sea, Mountain, Sky and Space’ in Fig. 6. The system does not accept any vote at this time. At the second step, the system begins to accept votes from the audience devices. At the third step, the system assigns unique numbers to each client to identify voters. At the fourth step, the system waits for votes. The clients send selected options with assigned numbers to the system. At the fifth step, the system closes the vote session. The system finishes accepting votes, and the clients disable the buttons on audience devices. At the last step, the system releases the unique numbers to prevent the tracking of voters. Finally, the system reveals the results. We explain protocol messages for each sessions. At the first step, the system uses Prepare Vote Notification Message. At the second step, the system uses Open Vote Notification Message. At the third step, the system uses Vote Request Message and Vote Response Message. At the fourth step, the system uses Close Vote Notification Message. At the last step, the system uses Result Notification Message. We explain the details of the messages. •
Prepare Vote Notification Message: The message has three fields and notifies the title of the vote and button labels of the selection. The first is a vote session ID. The second is a vote session title. The third is pairs of selection item IDs and labels. The audience system updates the UI selection button labels of UI when receiving the message.
Fig. 7: The Silhouette Effects system controls a PowerPoint system to display questionnaire results.
unique number. The fourth is a response code that indicates whether the request is accepted or not. •
Result Notification Message: The message is sent from the presenter system periodically to display the current selection count on audience devices. The message has three fields. The first is a vote session ID. The second is a timestamp of when the message is sent from a presenter system. The third is an array of selection counts in the same order with the pairs of selection item IDs and labels of Prepare Vote Notification Message. The messages broadcast the current selection status in the questionnaire session. The vote session ID is valid between when the vote session begins and when the session is closed.
•
Open Vote Notification Message: The message has three fields and notifies when the vote has begun. The first is a vote session ID. The second is a timestamp of when the message sent from the presenter system. The third is a temporary unique number. The client should contain the number into a Vote Request Message described below. The message should be one in a vote session. The audience system enables UI selection buttons of UI when the message is received.
•
Close Vote Notification Message: The message has two fields and notifies when the vote is ended. The first is a vote session ID. The second is a timestamp of when the message sent from the presenter system. The message should be one in a vote session. The audience system disables UI selection buttons of UI when the message is received.
C. Displaying Results of Real-Time Questionnaire
•
Vote Request Message: The message is sent from the client system to post a selection. The message has four fields. The first is a vote session ID. The second is a timestamp of when the message is sent from the audience system. The third is a temporary unique number. The fourth is a selection id. The message should be one or more in a vote session. The message is available if the open vote notification message is received or the close vote notification message is not received with the same vote session ID.
•
Vote Response Message: The message is sent from server system in response to the vote request. The message has four fields. The first is a vote session ID. The second is a timestamp of when the message sent from the server system. The third is a temporary
Fig. 7 indicates the screenshot displaying the questionnaire results on the device of the lecturer. The icons located in the left and right lower angles are a presentation controller for supporting the lecturers in giving a presentation effectively with the proposed method Silhouette Effects. Silhouette Effects expands the methods for utilization of Microsoft PowerPoint to modify slide objects, such as text, graphs and figures, at the presentation mode. The presentation controller based on Silhouette Effects is a PowerPoint supporting tool that provides the presentation-supporting features and sends the information of sharing presentation slides. The lecturers run the presentation controller together with PowerPoint.
Generally, changing the shape object attributes (coordinating position in a slide, changing background color of the shape) on a slide in high frequency requires high CPU loads. To suppress the high loads, the graph update module has a minimum interval for updating the graph properties. In the experimental case, we fixed the minimum interval to 1 second.
The presentation controller allows lecturers to begin a questionnaire at any time during presentations. Since our realtime questionnaire supports a type of survey of which there are 511| P a g e
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up to four alternatives, the lecturer configures the alternatives using the presentation controller. Then, a graph like Fig. 7 is generated for displaying the result of the questionnaire in real-time. The presentation controller inputs the lecture’s configuration of the alternatives to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and visualizes the configuration as a graph object. The graph object in Excel gets copied to the PowerPoint presentation. When receiving the result of questionnaires from the counting server that tallies answers from audiences, the presentation controller passes the results to the Excel spreadsheet that runs in the presentation background, and the graph object visualizes the result. When receiving the second and subsequent results, the presentation controller rewrites the data in the Excel, spreadsheet and then the graph object is updated in real time. The presentation controller saves the results of the questionnaires to a presentation file as PowerPoint graphs. In general conference, the results need to be recorded in the conference note for future reference. The real-time questionnaire system avoids the trouble of recording by automatic saving. We propose the hybrid interactive presentation system that connects the traditional presentation-supporting tool and the web application for gathering feedback from audiences. The hybrid interactive presentation system occupies an important role as the basis of the real-time questionnaire system. D. Preparation before Presentation To use real-time questionnaire function in the presentation slideshow, the presenter prepares a slide and graph shape object with the following steps: First, you add a new slide if needed. Second, you add a graph shape object (pie chart, bar graph) on the slide. Finally, you set the graph label title using the Excel cell editor. In the presentation slide show, the presenter system checks whether a slide has a graph shape object when the slide is shown the first time. If the slide has a graph shape object, the presenter system sends a “Prepare Vote Notification” message and “Open Vote Notification” message to the audience system via the server system. The presenter system automatically sets the graph label color corresponding to the client web application’s vote buttons. VI.
E VALUATION
In this section, we describe the evaluation procedure of the real-time questionnaires function and the evaluation result. We measured the execution time of updating graph parameters. A. Experimental Procedure and Environment We made an evaluation script to measure the execution time of updating graph parameters. First, the script opens a PowerPoint presentation file that has a slide, and the slide contains a pie chart graph for the real-time questionnaire. Next, the script performs the following steps 100 times after preexecution and 10 times for warm-up. For the first step, the script records the start time (t0 ). For the second step, the script generates four random numbers and updates four graph parameters on the slide graph. For the third step, the script records the end time (t1 ). Finally, the script closes the file. The execution time is calculated by t1 − t0 . We used a MacBook
Fig. 8: Execution Time Histogram of Updating Pie Chart Graph.
Pro as a presenter’s device that is composed of Intel Core i7 2.3 GHz, 16 GB 1,600MHz DDR3 of RAM, Windows 10, and the version of PowerPoint is 16.0. We performed the script 10 times; therefore, we sample 1,000 execution times. B. Experimental Result Fig. 8 shows the execution time histogram of updating graph parameters. We sampled 1,000 times of the execution time. In Fig. 8, the horizontal axis indicates the sampling period of execution time, the left-side vertical axis indicates the frequency and the right-side vertical axis indicates accumulation of the frequency. The peek appeared in 350ms to less than 375ms sampling period, 90% of the execution times are below 425ms and all execution times are below 525ms. Therefore, the slide object controller can update graph parameters about 2 times in a second. VII.
D ISCUSSION
In this section, we discuss the usability and the application of our approach. We confirm the usability of the real-time questionnaire, and we entertain the progressive approach for use from the decision-making methods point of view. A. Usability The hybrid interactive presentation system allows the lecturer and audiences to communicate using the presentationsupporting system that extends the traditional system (i.e., PowerPoint) and the simple web application. Our approach reduces the time and expense associated with learning and running the interactive presentation system. The lecturers only have to know the use of commonly-used tools, and audiences submit their feedback with the user-friendly interface that is illustrated in Fig. 5. The result of the questionnaire is visualized using the Excel spreadsheet. The type of the graph object for displaying the results is only the pie chart, but the type of visual effects is 512| P a g e
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expanded easily by the simple expansion of the presentation controller. When the extended presentation controller allows the users to draw a variety of graphs, the expressive faculty of the results is improved. Our approach can handle the complex data via the functions of Excel. The users are able to perform more complex questionnaires, i.e., not only the type where the answer has a certain number of choices, but the type where the answerer makes multiple selections and selects answers from a number of choices. The approach that incorporates presentations and the existing data-handling system contributes to non-trivial extensions of functions of presentations. B. Meeting Support for Decision-Making We discuss the effect of applying the real-time questionnaire system to the ordinary conferences in enterprises and organizations. In previous researches, the approaches to implementing real-time questionnaires in education are properly validated. The experimental result ensures that the performance of the real-time questionnaire has efficacy as the feedback mechanism at a large conference. The system can be applicable to larger-scale presentations, e.g., an ordinary conferences in enterprises and organizations.
VIII.
We proposed the interactive presentation system, the Silhouette Arena, which provides the efficient real-time questionnaire function to collect feedback from attendants of presentations. The system helps presenters to have a sophisticated presentation with the slide object-manipulation function on the Silhouette Effects. Moreover, the Silhouette Web supports audiences to make real-time feedbacks in presentations. We explained the implementation of the system to improve the efficiency of the real-time questionnaire function. We demonstrated the efficiency of the system, finding that the system can be used at a large conference in organizations and in an educational class. The approach to the real-time questionnaire based on the hybrid interactive presentation system compensates for the lack of current systems and contributes to establishing a new type of presentation. R EFERENCES [1]
Let us discuss the system from the application as the decision-making system point of view. The decision-making system supports various methods of decision-making such as Brainstorming and KJ Technique so that the participants offer opinions on the same plane and organize the opinions using each procedure. The posting feedback feature of our system allows for collecting the opinions of the users and other data as a key step, and then the submitted opinions and data are arranged on the shared plane that is the screen of the presentation. Using the real-time questionnaire system, furthermore, the users perform the decision-making techniques and forge a convergence of opinion effectively.
[2]
The function of adding annotations allows the users to offer opinions and compiled data on the shared presentation slide. Dragging annotations and handwritten memos are synchronized in real time, and the features are supportive of the method of decision-making such as grouping opinions in KJ Technique. The operations are performed on the shared screen, and users deal with the operations cooperatively.
[6]
In the step of gathering and organizing opinions, the realtime questionnaire is available to summarize options and reach an agreement. The real-time visualization of the questionnaire results has the potential to have an impact on the process of decision-making, i.e., the users can be influenced by other people’s opinion. The real-time questionnaire can prompt the users to defer to or to deprecate the answers voted by others. The approach that integrates the real-time questionnaire into the traditional decision-making methods can develop a new methodology of decision-making.
[9]
Compared with the traditional system of supporting decision-making, our system widens the scope of participants, i.e., the method based on the interactive presentation functions successfully in a large group. Then, since functions for submitting opinions give anonymity, the users submit opinions at ease, and our approach simulates the discussions. The realtime questionnaire that is lacked in the existing applications improves to form an opinion about the discussions.
C ONCLUSION
[3]
[4] [5]
[7]
[8]
[10]
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