Develop global- and project-level indicators to measure global ... Proportion of
total water resources used (as percentage of total water available). % of rural ...
Ensuring Impacts from SLM – Development of a Global Indicator System (KM: Land Initiative)
Main objective of the Project
Develop global- and project-level indicators to measure global environmental benefits and related local livelihood benefits derived from SLM projects (Under GEF LD Focal Area)
Methodology
Develop an universal SLM framework (integration of DPSIR and MA assessment frameworks) to understand the interactions and connections between different indicator levels and to provide an integrated impact analysis of SLM interventions
Expert consultations (guided by expert advisory group and UN interagency working group)
Review of current use of indicators in ongoing GEF projects under the land degradation focal area (LDFA)
GLOBAL INDICATORS
Land
Cover and Land Use Land Productivity (Carbon Sequestration) Water Availability Human Well-being
Universal SLM Framework Human well-being & Poverty reduction
i) the utilization of natural resources applies Pressures and Driving forces on the system, ii) changes in the State of the system.
Driving Force (Indirect drivers)
Pressure (Direct drivers)
Response
DPSIR Framework: a chain reaction process:
iii) changes produce Impacts, which leads to Responses that by a feedback loop interact with the Driving forces, the Pressures, the State and the Impacts
State
Impact on Ecosystem Services (provisioning, regulating, cultural, supporting)
MA framework: link between environmental services and human wellbeing (integrating the biophysical and socio-economic factors as well as the range of temporal and spatial scales of the phenomenon) Hybrid SLM framework: drawn from a consideration of the foci on ecosystem services and human-well-being components of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment with the more biophysical processes and drivers of the DPSIR framework
Proposed Project Level Indicators Core Indicators Land cover
Measurable Indicators Land cover, differentiating between water surfaces, built land, bare land, cropland, forestland, pasture LUS for projects operating at land use level
Carbon sequestration
Total emission reductions (ton of CO2)
Land productivity
NPP (NDVI corrected) Annual agricultural production data including arable, livestock and forest crop production data Number of crop varieties species, etc.
Water availability Human Wellbeing
Proportion of total water resources used (as percentage of total water available) % of rural population with access to (safe) drinking water Percentage of rural population below the poverty datum (fixed general datum) Maternal health Proportion of chronic undernourished children under 5 in rural areas
Proposed SLM Impact Indicator System Global Indicators to capture Global environmental Improvements achieved through SLM Present coherent information on impacts to inform GEF decision-making
Small suite of common indicators eg 2 to be applied within the projects overall monitoring strategy Harmonized tracking tool
Source: KM:Land Prodoc
Contextual indicators Core indicator
Sub-indicators
Rainfall
30-years of mean monthly rainfall (for near stations/gridded) Extreme natural events e.g. floods, storms, fires, droughts, etc.
Extreme natural events Human-induced extreme events Population density Local market price
Human induced extreme events e.g. violent conflicts, in-/out-migration, civil unrest, market crisis, etc Population density (number of inhabitants per surface unit within an administrative region) Local, national and global prices for key agricultural inputs and outputs
Pilot Testing SLM Indicators Findings KM:Land Project Team
PILOT TESTING SLM INDICATORS: OBJECTIVES TO VERIFY THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE INDICATORS ARE:
Specific: Measurable: Achievable: Relevant: Timebound:
concise, without ambiguities, common understanding of indicator
quantifiable, verifiable, common understanding of ways to measure
required data and information can be collected in five existing projects
provide information that is relevant to the project and stakeholders
timebound, reflects changes, can be reported at requested times
PILOT TESTING PROCESS AND METHODS
Strategy UNDP-GEF Projects in 4 Countries: (Case Selection) SW Tajikistan (May) Questionnaire Namibia (July) Email contact Senegal (August) Field missions Dominican Republic (Sept) Other sources Reporting
Methodology
Review of project documents and project implementation reports (what indicators level of monitoring) + review of MDG documents Gap analysis focusing on data available and data required for the indicators Questionnaire on anticipated effects of projects in relation to indicators and availability of information required to report on indicators 5 day fact finding mission to each country and some project sites to: Workshop to discuss indicators Visit to sites Visits to partners and national and international institutions to explore availability of information Discussions on measurability, achievability
Methodology
Iterative exchange on mission reports with project teams Reflective discussions with project teams on the relevance of the indicators, Potential resource requirements to track proposed indicators project and long term Assessment of time bound dimensions of the indicators
SUMMARY FINDINGS Relevance Land Cover
Measurabilit y
Achievabilit y
Land Use Land Management Practices Carbon Sequestration Woody Biomass Production
?
Livestock Production
?
?
Agricultural Production Water Availability
?
Access to Safe Water % Below Rural Poverty Line Under 5 Malnutrition
?
?
x
Maternal Mortality
?
?
x
Summary of pilot testing
Most of the selected indicators were directly relevant to the projects and could be measured The main exceptions concerned the MDG-related indicators. These were less directly relevant to the projects, and appeared less likely to show beneficial results of SLM, or to meaningfully inform the project management Indicators relating to productivity and water availability were conceptually demanding, and potentially costly in terms of time and resources.
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
