Development of a Sparging Technique for Volatile Emissions from ...

J

Development of a Sparging Technique for Volatile Emissions from Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Elizabeth Berdis, Barbara Vieux Peterson, Neil C. Yorio, Jennifer Batten, Raymond

M. Wheeler

(NASA-TM-I09199) DEVELOPMENI SPARGING TECHNIQUE FOR VOLATILE EMISSIONS FROM POTATO (SOLANUM TUBFROSUM)

(NASA)

23

OF

A

Uncl

Memorandum

109199

as

D

_at/sl

Technical

N94-27412

December

0000299

8, 1993

Development of a Sparging Technique for Volatile Emissions from Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Elizabeth

Berdis,

The Bionetics Raymond NASA,

Barbara

Corporation,

M. Wheeler, Kennedy

Technical

Vieux Peterson,

Space

Kennedy

Biomedical Center,

Memorandum

Neil

Space Operations

C. Yorio, Jennifer

Center,

Florida

and Research

Batten,

32899 Office,

FL 32899

109199

December

8, 1993

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS Page

ABSTRACT

.......................

3

LIST

OF

FIGURES

...................

4

LIST

OF

TABLES

....................

5

....................

6

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PRODUCT

DISCLAIMER

INTRODUCTION

..................

7

.....................

EXPERIMENTAL

..............

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

AND

8 ......

................

I0

12

CONCLUSION

......................

13

REFERENCES

......................

15

FIGURES TABLES

....................... .......................

17 .20

ABSTRACT

The

accumulation

tightly

closed

phytotoxic chamber To

includes

biogenic

tuberosum identified and

a GC/MS

compounds:

both this

a method emissions

developed.

to

growth

investigate

purge

volatile

Volatile L.

cv.

trap

an

complex for

and

have

of

abiotic of

from

organic

in-line

Analyses

a

and

quantification been

potato

separated

configuration

consisting

with

vessels

sparging

or

organic

has

from

in

emissions.

volatile

isolated,

identified

grown

closed

volatile

plantlets

compounds

were

plants

allelopathic

analysis

mixture

solely

hexanal,

from

characterization

trans-caryophyllene,

thiobismethane,

air

biotic

concentrator

system.

may

Whole

Norland)

using

emissions

chambers

properties.

compounds, of

of

plant

(Solanum and of

a

connected

volatile

alpha-humulene,

cis-3-hexen-l-ol,

and

cis-3-hexenyl

acetate.

3

LIST Figure 1

Page

GC/MS sparging system of volatile emissions

Total

ion

plantlet Mass

Mass

6

chromatogram

of

whole

17

tuberosum 17 potato

..................

of

spectrum

analysis

for analysis ............

containing Solanum .................

spectrum

analysis 5

FIGURES

Title

Sparge tube cv. Norland

4

OF

of whole of

of

whole

Mass spectrum analysis of

of whole

18

cis-3-hexen-l-ol potato

plantlet

from ......

trans-caryophyllene potato

plantlet

alpha-humulene potato plantlet

18

from .....

19

from ......

19

4

LIST

Table

Previously

2

List of detection

Page described standards limits

Identification in Solanum sparging

4

TABLES

Title

1

3

OF

sparging

of volatile tuberosum cv.

ranges tuberosum

technique

compounds

....

with quantification and vendor .........

technique

Concentration from Solanum

plant

21

compounds Norland using

............. of

20

volatiles cv. Norland

............

21 emitted using 22

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This

research

was conducted

William

M. Knott,

Support

Office,

John

authors

and

Bionetics

the

Sciences

Division

research

program

Hassan

Patterson

Chief, F.

for at for

under

Biological Kennedy

F.

Space

Kennedy

of Dr. and

Center, thank

continued

contributions

direction

Research

Corporation

their

John

the

Space of

FL. the

support

The NASA

of

Center.

graphic

Life

Life

the

CELSS

We

thank

illustrations.

6

PRODUCTDISCLAIMER

This NASA,

report NASA

commercial

may

not

be

employees product

used

nor or

by

to The

imply

the

Bionetics

endorsement Corporation

by of

a

process.

7

INTRODUCTION

Controlled studies

are

Center.

currently

These

inside

a

Several

target

tuberosum

L.

biomass

The

accumulation

tightly phytotoxic BPC

of

including

a method

emissions

tissue and

maceration

Flath,

These organic from Plant

tissue

emissions (Tingey

are

et

material can

cause

associated 1991;

volatile

Visser

in by

rather

et

al.,

has

the

been

intact

1978).

1989).

volatile

reflect

intact in

and Binder

al.,

the

methods an

1984;

et

and

alterations with

within

distillation,

Yule

than

or

quantification

Andersen,

these

in

developed.

steam

nature

1993).

emissions.

volatiles

1989;

in

grown

analysis

and

plant

and

al.,

destructive

damage

al.,

et

identified

plant

normally

of

al.,

plants

air

been

extraction,

Frolic

compounds

damaged

has

et

allelopathic

abiotic

(Hamilton-Kemp

1989;

methods

plants

systems.

hydroponically

from

have

assess

(Solanum

(Wheeler

whole

and

isolation solvent

grown

conducted to

support

characterization

from

Traditionally, by

biotic for

solely

accomplished

However,

tests

potatoes

been

may

Space

chamber

emissions

chambers

both

crop

life

(BPC)

volatile

growth

includes

have

chamber

of

on

white

(CELSS)

Kennedy

production

crops,

Norland),

Systems

NASA's

centered

bioregenerative

properties.

Therefore,

at

biomass

production

closed

Support

for

cv.

the

have

closed

crops

Life

underway

studies

large,

potential

the

Ecological

the

plant. volatile

healthy These

those

plant

methods

also

require

an abundant

preparation To

eliminate

trap et

and

and al.,

instrument

can

(Walling,

1984).

The modified

drinking as

for

water one

emissions

allows

technique

also

compounds

on

sample

a water for

the

minor

damage

inserted

into

the

sparging

collected

at

plantlets roots,

to

be

roots

from

volatile with

of

be

analyzed

without

analyzed mature compounds. potatoes

in

this

65-day The have

plant

been

organic

compounds

1990).

Purging

volatile

plantlet occurs

leaves

leaves,

roots

in

or

study,

characterized other

is

plant

the

also

it

volatiles

"normal"

were

plant

when

severing

detected

plant

is

this

the

This

addition,

For

a

organic

entire

plants

compounds

using

for

manner. old

explored

the

allows

the

analytical

of

reflect

technique

from

manipulation

plantlet In

of

contamination

of

the

sparging

the

to

(Buttery

requirement

analyses.

to

tube.

used

volatile

Stress

temperature

individual

for

further

The

although

could

study

ambient

was

concentration

traps.

as

and

in-line

without

minimized

to

Myron,

sample

tubes

transfers

volatile

and

for

trap

adsorbent

emissions.

of

direct

provides

sample

volatiles

analysis

been

The

loss

(Stephenson

would

compounds

or

plant

plant

adsorbent

1989).

and

in

of

al.,

sample

concentration.

have

steps

result

method

tissue

volatiles

et

material,

subsequent

plant

of

isolation

with

plant

requirements,

extraction step

of

these

Remboled

concentration

plant

of

concentrate

additional

in

extraction

some

1987;

supply

or

stems leaves

sampled in crops

and

for this (Table

i).

The purge

and trap

sampling

approach

There is

minimal

sampling

and extraction

method allowed

of emissions tissue

the

solely

most "focused"

from

damage as opposed

plant

material.

to destructive

of tissue. EXPERIMENTAL

Plant Norland)

Material. plantlets

(Hussey

and

and

Skoog,

and

pH

were

Stacey, 1968)

i00

mm

stem

and

remove

and

roots.

The

cultured

The

in

1990).

potato

leaves

of

2000/2016)

a

purge

(Figures

(Table

and

and

trap

2cm

2).

plantlets with

Magenta

controlled

-I

photosynthetic with

have

distilled

adhered

to

at

removed

a

were

from leaves

the

4

6 weeks

(Wheeler

et

65-day

old

in

BPC.

comparison

the to

the

or

plant

4).

roots) X

Bacto-agar,

conditions

as

An

(20cm

1 and

capped

canopy

studied

volatiles.

leaves

vessel

to

expanded

plantlets

tubes

transplanted

fully were

The

were

with roots

KOH.

may

were

(Murashige

0.7%

that

roots

(i.e.,

connected

plantlets

sucrose,

washed

and

and

sparge

agar

vitro

media

temperature

were

cv.

in

MS

_unol m-2S

roots

excess

a

Leaves

Collection

glass

in

environmental

whole

material

culture

80-100

The

M

controlled

plants

younger

and

cultured

g/L

0.i

Corp.)

(PPF).

to

grown

al.,

25°C

flux

water

25

tuberosum

a modified 20

X

(Magenta

photon

on

with

2-way

at

1981)

5.8

in

(S.

aseptically

to

maintained

incubator

potato

containing

adjusted

caps

White

intact was

plantlet

placed

sample

placement

concentrator Helium

into

was

a

25-mi

section)

(Tekmar purged

across

the i0

plant

material

organic

compounds

(Supelco)

carbon

temperature both

of

trap,

the

30°C.

Plantlet

trap

was

cryogenically

line

interface

were

subsequently

x

temperature min -I

to Mass

Selective optimize

heated

was

set

Detector,

MSD,

set

less

35

at

a

an

ambient was

done

conditions.

After

concentrated

onto

The

compounds

gas

desorbed

chromatograph organic

Hewlett

the

transfer compounds

Packard

5890

dimethylpolysiloxane

film

Detector.

with

set

3_m

graphite

analysis

volatile

on

Selective

Compounds than

at

TM

thickness. at

10"C

The

and

gas column,

oven

programmed

at

5°C

200°C.

for

was

the

The

initially

the

lighter

bromofluorobenzene range

250°C.

at

a VOCARB

100°C.

non-polar,

with

held

were

to

Volatile

porous,

chromatographic

separated

mm

of

headspace

compounds

a

minutes. onto

was

and

-150°C.

with

0.596

trap

focused at

chromatograph m

gas

organic

30

consisting

temperature

were

30

trap

and

for

concentrated

The

ambient

volatile

min -I

mesh.

Desorption the

ml

were

absorbent

treated

at

at 40

150°C

The

with

35

to

jet

molecular

(Stephenson from

a

and

500

were

not

and

the

heated

ions detected. GC/MS

Hewlett

separator

Packard was

weight

compounds

Myron,

1990).

atomic

fragmentation AMU

5970

mass or

jet

interface

to

with

4-

scan

AMU.

molecular The

tuned

The

units,

Mass

weight

of

separator was

set

was at

250oC. Verification. commercial

sources

Analytical (Table

2).

standards

were

Identification

obtained of

the

from emitted II

plant

compounds

ratios

in

standard

was

each

confirmed

mass

spectrum

component

Quantification standard

to

was

in

5

ml

those

based of

on

by

comparing

specific

and

retention

times

found

in

using

fluorene

deionized

water

the

of

sample as

added

ion

(Table an

to

each 3).

internal

the

sparge

tube. RESULTS

Six oi,

compounds,

plantlets, I-oi to

minor

the

in

tissue

sparge

passing

leaves

detected

tube over

as

and

stems

(Table

amounts

4)

plantlet

cis-3-hexen-l-

or

volatiles

placing

from

during

the the

Cis be

the

plantlet of

potato 3-Hexen-

may

flow

alpha-

from

3).

which

by

and

attributed into

helium

concentration

step

of

analysis. Sesquiterpenoids,

humulene 4,

GC/MS

caused

(Figure

the

by

small

damage

hexanal,

trans-caryophyllene,

identified

mature

was

the

acetate,

were

DISCUSSION

thiobismethane,

cis-3-hexenyl

humulene,

AND

were

Figures

detected

5

and

these

sesquiterpenoids

range

on

a

attributed

dry to

trans-caryophyllene from

6).

The

weight plant

tissue

to

56-days

old

leaf

samples

were

taken

detected

and

mature

plantlets

a

much

maturity

or

had

by

concentration may

be Plantlets

leaves,

old

whereas

plants

whole

(Table

emitted

damage.

alpha-humulene

plants

samples

This

immature 65-day

alpha-

also

lower 4).

and potato

leaf

(Table

from

Trans-caryophyllene from

at

basis

28

potato

intact

but

were

BPC.

the

and

grown were air

the in

the

also analysis

of

12

an

enclosed

with

chamber

subsequent

(unpublished

the

solvent

and

The

indicative

of the

findings

leaves

cut

Ethylene, emitted

1993).

tubes

in The

mature

into

gas the scan

detection

of

molecular

weight

leaf

from

pieces

before

may

not These

hexanal (Table

plants

in

are

plants.

samples

mature

found

sampling

and

intact of

the

compounds

damage

presence

in

were

during

these

from

the

removed

detected but

100oC

tissue

emissions by

not

that

or

and 4),

in

and

being

placed

compound

that

into

the

vessels.

a volatile

from by

detector

stress

the

were

to

suggest

supported

(sparge)

monitored

adsorbent analysis)

temperature,

heated

results

in

subsequently

be

were

"normal"

are

sampling

by

(GC/FID

were

ambient

plant

thiobismethane which

at

that

4).

reflect

and

extraction

thiobismethane

sampled

plantlets

(Table

analysis)

data).

Hexanal plantlets

(GC/MS

organic

damaged

or

stressed

chromatography BPC

potato

range

35-500 of

AMU, 28

with

crop

on

the

not

has

known

to

been

a photoionization

studies

mass

atomic

was

plants,

is

(Wheeler

spectrometer

mass

units.

detected

et

al.,

was Ethylene

during

this

set

for

with

a

study.

CONCLUSION

The volatile extraneous,

method organic

used

in

compounds

abiotic

this

study from

contamination.

allows

intact The

for

plants in-line

sampling

of

without analysis 13

prevents

sample loss,

a period

of time,

needed.

Also,

natural

volatiles

use of this

growth

high

plants

are

chambers.

Plants

(i.e., etc.)

for

material

this

technique,

may be more

incorporate

studies

life

using

could

during allow

between

for

detection plants

of

plant

in

be subjected

times.

screening

volatile

to

of the The study

of

various

emissions.

and

of

water

monitoring

these

volatiles

system grown

for

cycle,

deprivation,

subsequent

characterization

injury seen)

in

over

tissue

could

nutrient

with

are emitted

plantlets

correlation early

stress

system could the plant's

light, that

vitro

sampling

amount of plant

plant

during

conditions

volatiles in

the

from undamaged plant

emitted

stressful loss,

by minimizing

concentrated

quantified.

Future

modified

for

and reduces

emissions

accurately

allows

stress

may

(before

morphological

enclosed

chambers.

of crop

A afford

an

changes

14

REFERENCES Bicchi, C., A. D'Amato, F. David and P. Sandra. Capturing of volatiles emitted by living plants of thick film open tubular traps. J. High Res. 12:316-321. Binder, R.G. and R.A. Flath. pineapple guava. J. Agric. Brunke, E.J., P. Volatiles from GC/MS analysis J. Agric. Food

1989. Food

1989. by means Chrome.

Volatile components Chem. 37:734-736.

of

Mair and F.J. H_erschmidt. 1989. naranjilla fruit (Solanum quitoense Lam.). and sensory evaluation using sniffing GC. Chem. 37:746-748.

Buttery, R.G., J.A. Kamm and L.C. Ling. 1984. Volatile components of red clover leaves, flowers, and seed pods: Possible insect attractants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 32:254-256. Buttery, R.G., X. Cheng-ji and L.C. Ling. 1985. Volatile components of wheat leaves (and stems): Possible insect attractants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 33:115-117. Buttery, R.G., L.C. Ling and volatile aroma components. 35:1039-1042.

D.M. J.

Light. Agric.

Connick, Jr., W.J., J.M. Bradow and Identification and bioactivity of from Aamranth residues. J. Agric. Frohlich, 0., constituents Agric.

Food

Hamilton-Kemp, compounds 1177.

leaf

M.G. Legendre. 1989. volatile allelochemicals Food Chem. 37:792-796.

C. Duque and P. Schreier. 1989. of curuba (Passiflora mollissima) Chem.

Volatiles fruit.

J.

37:421-425.

T.R. and R.A. Andersen. from Triticum aestivum.

Hussey, G. and potato(Solanum

1987. Tomato Food Chem.

M.J. Stacey. tuberosum

1984. Phytochem.

Volatile 23:1176-

1981. In vitro propagation L.) Ann. Bot. 48:787-796.

of

MacLeod, G. and J.M. Ames. 1991. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the volatile components of cooked scorzonera. Phytochemistry. 30:883-888. Miller, R.L., D.D. Bills and R.G. Buttery. 1989. Volatile components from Bartlett and Bradford pear leaves. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37:1476-1479. Murashige, T. and F.A. Skoog. rapid growth and bioassays Physiol. Plant. 15:473-497.

1968. Revised medium for with tobacco tissue cultures.

15

Rembold, H., P. Wallner, S. Nitz, H. Kollmannsberger F. Drawert. 1989. Volatile component of chickpea arietinum

L.)

Seed.

J.

Agric.

Food

Chem.

and (Cicer

37:659-662.

Stephenson, J. and H. Myron. 1990. Analysis of Volatile Organics in Air via Water Methods. EPA / Air & Waste Management Association International Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, U.S. Region IV College Station, Athens, GA.

EPA

Tingey, D.T., D.P. Turner and J.A. Weber. 1991. Factors Controlling the Emissions of Monoterpenes and Other Volatile Organic Compounds. IN: Trace Gas Emissions by Plants (Sharkey, T.D., E.A. Holland and H.A. Mooney) pp. 99, 103. Academic Press, Inc. San Diego, California. Visser, J.H., S. Van Straten and H. Maarse. 1979. Isolation and identification of volatiles in the foliage of potato, Solanum tuberosum, a host plant of the Colorado beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. J. Chem. Ecol. 5:1325. Walling, J.F. 1984. The utility of distributed air volume sets when sampling ambient air using solid adsobents. Atmospheric Environ. 18:855-859. Wassenhove, F.V., P. Dirinck, G. Vulsteke and N. 1990. Aromatic volatile composition of celery celeriac cultivars. HortSci. 25:556-559.

Schamp. and

Wheeler, R.M., C.L. Mackowiak, J.C. Sager, W.M. Knott, and C.R. Hinkle. 1990. Potato growth and yield using nutrient film technique (NFT). Am Potato J. 67:177-187. Wheeler, R.M., B.V. Peterson, C.L. Stutte. 1993. Potato production production chamber with reference volatiles. Hort. Sci. 28. Yu, T.H., compounds

Mackowiak and G.W. in NASA's biomass to atmospheric

C.M. Wu and Y.C. Liou. 1989. from garlic. J. Agric. Food

Volatile Chem. 37:725-730.

16

TZKJ4AR

TEKEIAR

L,_C 2000_

GAS CllROMATOGRAPH

,"'_ _c_,_.

Figure

1

GC/MS

__'_1

sparging

AJ_ 2016

system emissions

_

II-_I_

for

analysis

of

volatile

,o

Figure

2

Sparge

tube

containing cv. Norland

Solanum

tuberosum

17

Abundance

TIC: PLANT.D

1300000 120OO00 1100000 10013000 9013000 800000 _ 70OOOO

tran=-Calyophyllene .... )

6oooo01 I 5ooooot I 40OOoo]I

Ilaloha-Humule_e

3O00OO] I

200ooo1 ILl lOooOO 14.u_., . T_..,o _-60 Figure

3. Totol

i

........

lo00

•

_5.oo

|

2o;oo

2_oo

Irom GC-v'MS _nolysis

30.00

35.00

of potato

planllet

drywsighl.

AbLmda_ce

Scan 653['12.314 n'm|:PLANT.D

18000 ! 1GO(X]i 14000 i 12000i 10000 i 8000 i

I;7

39

55

]ff I

6ooo! 4000i 2000

. II

n/z-> 0 3"0

Figure,4.

.

ion chromalogrom

with 0.091] grams

•J_f, .

_i=-3-Hexen-1-ol •

3"5

Mass

40

45

_3

5"0

55

60

65

spectrum of Os-3-He_xen-1.-ol of whole po_=Lto plo.ntlet.

ii 70

82

75

so

I

e_

9o

from analysis

18

Abundance 105000 95000

41

Scan 1855 _1.197 mini:PLANT.D

85000 75OOO E50O0 550130i 450OO 350OO 250OO 15OOO1

93

I I I

39

105

° I,, ,LI, ,,l LI, , , ,,ILL.,

500' mlZ'-;_ U 4O

FigureE.

133

6_3 79

'100

80

6O

129

l,

li7

140

Moss spectrum of tr_s--Caryoph_lene of whole potato plemtlez.

1;3';5 I

1i

160

1_

180

204

ZUU

from onoJysis

Scan 1702 (32.083 min] R..ANT.D 11000 10000' 9000' 8000 7000' 6000

93

40

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 m/z->O'_

80 I

II

40

Figure 6. Mass

50

6O

specb'um of whole

70

121

r

G7

8O

8O

of alpha-Humulsne

147

[ ,,

100

110

lZ0

130

140

150

from analysis

potato plantlet_

19

Table

i.

Previously

Compound

described

Plant

plant

compounds.

Source

Reference

Caryophyllene, trans-

Mentha

Humulene, alpha-

Mentha

Hexanal

Chickpea Tomato Celery Naranjilla Scorzonera

Rembold et al., 1989 Buttery et al., 1987 Wassenhove et ai.,1990 Brunke et al., 1989 MacLeod & Ames, 1991

Red clover Tomato Potato

Buttery Buttery Visser

et al., 1984 et al., 1987 et al., 1979

Mentha Red clover

Bicchi Buttery

et al., 1989 et al., 1984

Amaranth Scorzonera

Connick MacLeod

Pineapple Pear Tomato Celery

3-Hexen-l-ol,

3-Hexenyl cis-

Pineapple Pear Tomato Celery Wheat

cis-

acetate,

Thiobismethane

guava

guava

Bicchi et al., 1989 Binder & Flath, 1989 Miller et al., 1989 Buttery et al., 1987 Wassenhove et ai.,1990 Buttery et al., 1985 Bicchi et al., 1989 Binder & Flath, 1989 Miller et al., 1989 Buttery et al., 1987 Wassenhove et ai.,1990

et al., & Ames,

1989 1991

2O

Table

List

2.

of

limits

standards (QDL)

with

and

detection

vendor.

Compound

QDLa(ug/m3)

Caryophyllene, Humulene,

transalpha-

Hexanal 3-Hexen-l-ol,

aQuantifiable

3.

Norland

Volatile

O.98

Sigma

0.85

Aldrich

compounds

sparging

d

c

3-Hexen-l-ol, 3-Hexenyl

cis

-c

acetate,

Caryophyllene,

trans alpha

Aldrich Aldrich

identified

in

S.

tuberosum

cv.

technique. Retention Time (min)

Thiobismethane

Humulene,

Sigma

limits

Compound

Hexanal

0.32

0.21

detectable

using

Vendor

115.00

cis

Dimethyldisulfide

Table

quantification

cis -d -c

-c

aMW - Molecular Weight bm/e - mass to electron Tentatively identified entatively identified

MW a

(m/e)

b

8.24

62

47,62,40,41,61,35

24.54

i00

44,41,43,39,60

27.90

I00

41,67,82,55,69

30.90

142

43,67,41,39,82

54.16

204

55.70

204

charge ratio by comparison by spectral

41,69,93,133,79 93,80,121,41,147

to standard matching

21

Table

4.

Solanum

Concentration tuberosum

cv.

ranges Norland

of

volatiles

using

Concentration Plantlet

Compound

b

Range

Plantlet

Ambient

100°C

Caryophyllene, trans-

0.01-0.54

0.17

Humulene, alpha-

0.03-0.60

emitted

sparging

b

(_g/g/min) Roots

- 6.14

from

technique.

c

a Leaves

4.48-7.05

0.38-0.79

Hexanal

8.30-10.13

4.56-6.73

Thiobismethane

0.50-35.52

0.03-0.08

3-Hexen-l-ol, cis-

1.62-13.31

0.29-4.87

3-Hexenyl acetate,

c

0.54-5.77 cis-

g compound/g dry wt./min, in vitro grown plantlets CMature plants (65-day old .... ,not detected

purge time (4-8 weeks old) after transplanting)

22

Form Approved

REPORT

DOCUMENTATION

PAGE

Pubhc reportlrlg burden for this Collection of mformatJorl is estimated to average 1 hour ' gatherrng and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection co)lectron of information, Tncluchng Suggestions for reducing this burclen to Washmglon Davis Highway. Suite 1204, Arlington, _tA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)

per response, Of reformation HeadQuarters ancl Budget,

I 2. REPORT DATE

OMaNo.0704-0788 mclucling Send Services, Paperwork

the ttme commer_ts Ditec_orate Reclu_on

for reviewing instructions, searching regarding this burden estimate or for _nforrnatlon ODeratlons and Pro ect (0704-0188), Wash,ngton,

existing data sources, any other aspect of this Reports, 1215 Jefferson DC 2050:3.

3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

I 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Development

of

Emissions

5. FUNDING

a

from

Sparging

Potato

Technique

(Solanum

for

NUMBERS

Volatile

tuberosum) NASI0-I1624

6. AUTHOR{S)

Elizabeth Vieux

Berdis,

Ph.D.,

Peterson,

Bionetics;

Bionetics;

Bionetics;

Jennifer

Neil

Batten,

Barbara C.

Yorio,

Bionetics;

Ra2mond M. Wheeler t Ph.D. t NASA 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES} The

Bionetics

(EB;

BVP;

and

NASA

Mail

Corporation,

NCY;

Code:

BIO-3

JHB)

Biomedical

Code:

Mail

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

Research

MD-RES

and

Life

Support

Office,

(RMW)

Kennedy Space Center, 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING

Florida 32899 AGENCY NAME(S} AND ADDRESS(ES)

Biomedical

and

Mail

Research

Code:

Kennedy

Life

Support

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

Office,

TM-I09199

MD

Space

Center,

Florida

32899

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12b. DISTRIBUTION

! 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassified

-

CODE

Unlimited

13. ABSTRACT(Maximum200words) Accumulation chambers closed

of

volatile

characterization was

emissions

may have allelopathic chamber includes both

developed

Volatile

and to

separated

purge

trap

Analyses

and

from

identified

with

plant hexanal,

plants

grown

biogenic

complex potato

identified

concentrator

thiobismethane,

of

this

compounds

isolated, and

quantification

investigate

organic

from

in

or phytotoxic properties. biotic and abiotic volatile

(Solanum

using

an

sparging

volatile

emissions

mixture

vessels

closed

Whole air emissions. solely

volatile

tuberosum

in-line

compounds:

cis-3-hexen-l-ol,

of

tightly

L.

from

organic cv.

configuration coupled

to

a

cis-3-hexenyl

Solanum 17.

volatile L.

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT

Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500

compounds. were of

a

system.

alpha-humulene, acetate.

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

emissions, tuberosum

plantlets

Norland)

GC/MS

14. SUBJECT TERMS biogenic

of a for

consisting

transcaryophyllene, and

growth

analysis A method

cv. 18.

organic

Norland,

compounds, GS/MS

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

potato,

19.

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT

22 16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Unlimited

Unclassified

Standard Prescrl_l 298-_02

Form 298 (Rev by

aNSi

$ta

Z39-18

2-89)