Development of an Android System Integrated with ...

&GXGNQROGPVQHCP#PFTQKF5[UVGO+PVGITCVGFYKVJ5GPUQT0GVYQTMU





:

 &GXGNQROGPVQHCP#PFTQKF5[UVGO+PVGITCVGF YKVJ5GPUQT0GVYQTMU 

7DNHQREX&KLNDUDLVKL7DNDVKL0LQDWRDQG+LURVKL,VKLJXUR



2VDND8QLYHUVLW\ -DSDQ

,QWURGXFWLRQ 

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‡ $URERWKDVWREHSURYLGHGZLWKDYHU\KXPDQOLNHDSSHDUDQFHDQGPRWLRQWR LQWHUDFWVRFLDOO\ZLWKKXPDQV'XII\  ‡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



4QDQVKEU%WTTGPVCPF(WVWTG%JCNNGPIGU

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

)LJ$QGURLG5HSOLHH4  



&GXGNQROGPVQHCP#PFTQKF5[UVGO+PVGITCVGFYKVJ5GPUQT0GVYQTMU



 )LJ+DUGZDUHFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHGHYHORSHGV\VWHP  ,QWKLVSDSHUWRVKRZWKDWWKHV\VWHPZHKDYHGHYHORSHGFDQDFKLHYHQDWXUDOKXPDQOLNH EHKDYLRUE\DQDQGURLGDQH[SHULPHQWRIHYDOXDWLQJLPSUHVVLRQVLVFRQGXFWHG:HIRFXVRQ DVLWXDWLRQLQZKLFKWKHDQGURLGLVVLWWLQJTXLHWO\7KLVVLWXDWLRQKDVEHHQLPSOHPHQWHGDQG HYDOXDWHGLQWKHSUHYLRXVVWXGLHV6KLPDGDHWDO 1RPDHWDO %XWWKHVHVWXGLHV GLGQRWXVHVHQVRU\LQIRUPDWLRQ,QRUGHUWRPDNHWKHDQGURLGEHKDYLRUPRUHKXPDQOLNH UHDFWLYH EHKDYLRUV HJ ZKHQ D SHUVRQ DSSHDUV WKH DQGURLG WXUQV LWV KHDG WR WKH SHUVRQ  PXVW EH QHFHVVDU\ ,Q WKH H[SHULPHQW VXEMHFWV FRPSDUH WZR NLQGV RI WKH DQGURLG PRWLRQ 2QHLVDPRWLRQZKHUHWKHDQGURLGVKRZVUHDFWLRQVEDVHGRQVHQVRU\LQIRUPDWLRQWKHRWKHU LV ZKHUH WKH DQGURLG GRHV QRW GHSHQG RQ VHQVRU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG UDQGRPO\ VHOHFWV PRWLRQV,QWKLVSDSHUILUVWZHH[SODLQWKHKDUGZDUHFRPSRVLWLRQDQGVRIWZDUHDUFKLWHFWXUH RI WKH V\VWHP ZH KDYH GHYHORSHG LQ FKDSWHU  1H[W ZH UHSRUW WKH UHVXOW RI WKH DERYH PHQWLRQHGYHULILFDWLRQH[SHULPHQWLQFKDSWHU



#PCPFTQKFU[UVGOKPVGITCVGFYKVJUGPUQTPGVYQTMU 

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



4QDQVKEU%WTTGPVCPF(WVWTG%JCNNGPIGU

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

)LJ1HWZRUNDUFKLWHFWXUHRIWKHGHYHORSHGV\VWHP 



&GXGNQROGPVQHCP#PFTQKF5[UVGO+PVGITCVGFYKVJ5GPUQT0GVYQTMU



 )LJ)ORRUVHQVRUXQLW



(NQQTVCEVKNGUGPUQT 0DLQSXUSRVH$IORRUWDFWLOHVHQVRUXQLWLVLQVWDOOHGLQIURQWRIWKHDQGURLGLQRUGHUWRGHWHFW DQGWUDFNWKHSRVLWLRQZKHUHDKXPDQVWDQGV +DUGZDUH :H DGRSWHG IORRU VHQVRU XQLWV DV GHSLFWHG LQ )LJXUH  9VWRQH 96666)  IRU WKHIORRUVHQVRU7KHIORRUVHQVRUFRQVLVWVRISUHVVXUHVHQVLWLYHVHQVRUVWKDWDUHPPDSDUW LQDODWWLFHIRUPLQRUGHUWRGHWHFWDQGWUDFNKXPDQSRVLWLRQV6SUHDGLQJWKLVVHQVRURYHUWKH IORRUVXUIDFHDOORZVLWWRGHWHFWWKHKXPDQSRVLWLRQ(DFKIORRUVHQVRUXQLWKDVDVL]HRI; ;PPDQGDVHQVLWLYLW\RIJFP,WKDVDUHVROXWLRQRIPP;PPHDFK XQLWFDQGHWHFWZHLJKWSRVLWLRQVRI; 7KDWLVVXIILFLHQWO\HIILFLHQWUHVROXWLRQIRUGHWHFWLQJ DKXPDQSRVLWLRQEHFDXVHDGXOWIHHWJHQHUDOO\KDYHDVL]HRIDERXW ;PP,Q WKLVV\VWHP;  SDUWVRIIORRUVHQVRUXQLWVWRWDOO\P; P DUHLQVWDOOHGRQWKHIORRU VXUIDFH EHQHDWK FDUSHW LQ IURQW RI WKH DQGURLG (DFK IORRU VHQVRU XQLW LV FRQQHFWHG WR D FRPSXWHUWKURXJKDVHULDOFRQQHFWLRQDQGWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQVSHHGLVDERXW+] 'DWD SURFHVVLQJ :KHQ D KXPDQ LV ZDONLQJ WKH VHQVRU VLJQDO LV WHPSRUDOO\ DQG VSDWLDOO\ GLVFUHWH 7KH VLJQDO SDWWHUQ LV DOVR JUHDWO\ GLIIHUHQW ZKHQ RQH IRRW LV RQ WKH JURXQG DQG ZKHQWZRIHHWDUHRQWKHJURXQG7KHUHIRUHWKDWFDXVHVDPDQ\WRRQHDVVRFLDWLRQSUREOHP ZKHQWKHKXPDQSRVLWLRQLVUHTXLUHGIURPWKHIORRUVHQVRUGDWD0XUDNLWDHWDOSURSRVHGD PHWKRG EDVHG RQ WKH 0DUNRY &KDLQ 0RQWH &DUOR 0HWKRG WR WUDFN SOXUDO KXPDQV VROYLQJ WKLVLQWULQVLFDVVRFLDWLRQSUREOHPRIWKHIORRUVHQVRU0XUDNLWDHWDO ,QWKLVV\VWHP ZH LPSOHPHQW WKLV PHWKRG DQG WUDFN VHYHUDO SHRSOH XVLQJ WKH IORRU VHQVRU +XPDQ GHWHFWLRQLVH[HFXWHGDWWKHVSHHGRIDERXW+]



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



4QDQVKEU%WTTGPVCPF(WVWTG%JCNNGPIGU

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



2CPVKNVECOGTCU 0DLQ SXUSRVH 7KH V\VWHP PXVW NQRZ WKH KXPDQ IDFH SRVLWLRQ DQG GLUHFWLRQ LQ RUGHU WR NQRZWKHGLUHFWLRQIRUWKHDQGURLGWRWDONWR7KHUHIRUHWZRFDPHUDVWKDWFDQSDQWLOWDQG ]RRPDUHSXWRQERWKVLGHVRIWKHDQGURLG +DUGZDUH :H XVHG (9,' 6RQ\ &R /WG  SDQWLOW FDPHUDV 7KHVH FDPHUDV FDQ WXUQ DFURVVDILHOGRIYLHZRI“GHJUHHVLQWKHKRUL]RQWDOGLUHFWLRQPD[LPXPƒVHF DQG “  GHJUHHV LQ WKH YHUWLFDO GLUHFWLRQ PD[LPXP ƒ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

&GXGNQROGPVQHCP#PFTQKF5[UVGO+PVGITCVGFYKVJ5GPUQT0GVYQTMU



EHGHWHFWHGIURPWKUHHFDQGLGDWHVIURQWULJKWDQGOHIW 7KLVSURFHVVLVH[HFXWHGDWDVSHHG RI+]



5MKPUGPUQTU 0DLQSXUSRVH7KHVNLQVHQVRUVGHWHFWFRQWDFWE\KXPDQV2QO\WKHVHVHQVRUVDUHLQVWDOOHG LQWKHERG\RIWKHDQGURLGXQOLNHRWKHUVHQVRUVEHFDXVHFRPPXQLFDWLRQE\FRQWDFWQHHGVWR XVHWKHERG\,QDOOVNLQVHQVRUVDUHLQVWDOOHGEHQHDWKWKHVNLQDERYHWKHNQHHV 

 )LJ6RIWZDUHDUFKLWHFWXUHRIWKHV\VWHP  +DUGZDUH 7KH VNLQ VHQVRUV DUH PDGH RI 39') ILOP 7KH 39') ILOP LV VDQGZLFKHG E\ XUHWKDQH UXEEHU DQG VLOLFRQ UXEEHU VNLQ %HFDXVH HDFK VHQVRU HOHPHQW KDV D VL]H RI  ; PPVHQVRUVDUHQRWVXIILFLHQWWRFRYHUWKHZKROHVXUIDFHRIWKHDQGURLG VERG\+RZHYHU WKH VNLQ VHQVRU FDQ EH DFWLYDWHG HYHQ ZKHQ D ERG\ SDUW ZLWK QR VNLQ VHQVRU LV WRXFKHG EHFDXVHWKHGLVWRUWLRQRIWKHXUHWKDQHOD\HUFDQHDVLO\VSUHDGRQWKHDQGURLGERG\ZKHQWKH DQGURLGLVWRXFKHG 'DWD SURFHVVLQJ $ YDOXH HTXLYDOHQW WR WKH FRQWDFW IRUFH FDQ EH REWDLQHG E\ WHPSRUDO LQWHJUDWLRQRIWKHRXWSXWYDOXHEHFDXVHWKH39')ILOPRXWSXWVWKHYDOXHSURSRUWLRQDOWRWKH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQVSHHG7KHORZGLVWULEXWLRQGHQVLW\RIWKHVNLQVHQVRUUHVWULFWVWKHDELOLW\WR GLVWLQJXLVK FRQWDFW EHKDYLRU DFFRPSDQLHG ZLWK PRYHPHQW RQ WKH VNLQ VXUIDFH HJ VWURNLQJ 7KHDQGURLGGHWHFWVZKLFKSDUWRIWKHERG\LVWRXFKHGDQGKRZPXFKH[WHUQDO IRUFH LV DSSOLHG 7KXV FRQWDFW EHKDYLRU LQFOXGLQJ WDSSLQJ WKH VKRXOGHU WRXFKLQJ DUPV FDQ EH UHFRJQL]HG 7KH GHWHFWLRQ RI FRQWDFW LV H[HFXWHG E\ WKH FRPSXWHU IRU WKH DQGURLG V PRWLRQFRQWURO'DWDSURFHVVLQJLVH[HFXWHGDWDVSHHGRI+]



5QHVYCTGCTEJKVGEVWTG 7KH IORZ RI WKH UHFRJQLWLRQ DQG GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI EHKDYLRU LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ )LJXUH  (LJKW FRPSXWHUV 3HQWLXP ,9 *+]  DUH XVHG IRU VHQVRU GDWD SURFHVVLQJ DQG PRWLRQ FRQWURO 6HQVRU GDWD SURFHVVLQJ FRQVLVWV PDLQO\ RI ILYH SDUWV JHVWXUH UHFRJQLWLRQ KXPDQ WUDFNLQJ YRLFHUHFRJQLWLRQIDFHGHWHFWLRQDQGFRQWDFWGHWHFWLRQ(DFKGDWDSURFHVVLQJLVH[SODLQHGLQ



4QDQVKEU%WTTGPVCPF(WVWTG%JCNNGPIGU

FKDSWHU  (DFK SURFHVVLQJ SDUW LV QRW LQGHSHQGHQW DV JHVWXUH UHFRJQLWLRQ DQG YRLFH UHFRJQLWLRQ GHSHQG RQ WKH UHVXOW RI KXPDQ WUDFNLQJ $SSO\LQJ WKH UHVXOWV RI RWKHU UHFRJQLWLRQ KHOSV LQFUHDVLQJ UHFRJQLWLRQ DFFXUDF\ (DFK VHQVRU SURFHVVLQJ RXWSXWV WKH IROORZLQJLQIRUPDWLRQ ‡ *HVWXUHUHFRJQLWLRQ*HVWXUHVRIHDFKSHUVRQDQGKXPDQ,'V ‡ +XPDQSRVLWLRQWUDFNLQJ3RVLWLRQVRIHDFKSHUVRQDQGKXPDQ,'V ‡ 9RLFHUHFRJQLWLRQ5HFRJQL]HGZRUGVHTXHQFH ‡ )DFHGHWHFWLRQ)DFHSRVLWLRQLQWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDOVSDFHDQGIDFHGLUHFWLRQ ‡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