1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods. Gonzalez & Woods. Chapter 9.
Morphological Image Processing. The term morphology refers to the description
of ...
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
The term morphology refers to the description of the properties of shape and structure of any objects. Operations of mathematical morphology were originally defined as operations on sets, but it soon became clear that they are also useful in the processing tasks of the set of points in the two-dimensional space. Sets in mathematical morphology represent objects in the image. It is easy to see that the set of all background pixels of binary image is one of the options for a full description. Mathematical morphology is used to extract some properties of the image, useful for its presentation and descriptions. For example, contours, skeletons and convex hulls. Also morphological methods are used in the preliminary and final image processing. For example, morphological filtering, thickening or thinning. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Reflection and translation
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Basic Operations: union, intersection, complement, difference Input Images B
A
C =A∪B
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
C =A∩ B
C = Ac
C = A\B
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Structural Element The input data for the mathematical morphology are the two images: the processed image and a structural element. Typically, a structural element is much smaller than the processed. The shape of the structured element can be arbitrary, as long as it can be represented as a binary image of a given size.
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
The structural element, S, is applied to all pixels of binary image. Every time the origin of the structural element is combined with a single binary pixel, the entire structural element is wrapped and subsequent alteration of the corresponding pixels of binary image. The results of logical addition is written into the output binary image, which was originally initialized to zero.
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Erosion For erosion, the structural element passes through all pixels of the image. The pixel corresponds to the reference of the structure element is turned on if the entire structure element falls with foreground area (pixels).
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Erosion examples
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Erosion examples Image (486486) eroded using squared structured element of size 1111, 1515, 4545,
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Dilation example
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Hit-or-Miss Transformation
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Boundary Extraction
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
Hole Filling
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Gonzalez & Woods www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
Chapter 9
Morphological Image Processing
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
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