and defined in 1997â2002. As a result of the studies performed there were 67 species of biting midges identified, 13 new for the Lithuanian fauna among them.
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Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 2002, Volumen 12, Numerus 3 ISSN 1392-1657
NEW DATA ON THE FAUNA OF BITING MIDGES (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) FROM LITHUANIA Rasa BERNOTIENË Institute of Ecology, Akademijos 2, 2600 Vilnius, Lithuania Abstract. Up to the year 2000 there have been known 118 species of biting midges in Lithuania. It should be pointed out, however, that the latest investigations of the fauna of biting midges in Lithuania were performed by H. Remm in 19571962. The article presents the data on biting midges collected and defined in 19972002. As a result of the studies performed there were 67 species of biting midges identified, 13 new for the Lithuanian fauna among them. Information on the locality and time of midge sampling is provided therein, too. Keywords: Diptera, Ceratopogonidae, fauna, Lithuania
INTRODUCTION Biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) are very small dipteran insects which were treated as a subfamily of the Chironomidae family and separated from the latter only in 1917 (Gucevich 1973). Approximately 5,000 species of biting midges are known in the world (Szadziewski et al. 1997), 986 of them being recorded in the Palaearctic region (Remm 1988). Male biting midges are nectariphagous, while nutrition of females is diverse: species of Culicoides suck vertebrate blood causing much human misery, some species of Atrichopogon and Forcipomyia are ectoparasites on large insects, many other genera are predaceous on other smaller insects, while Dasyhelea exclusively feeds on nectar (Remm 1988). There are 332 Ceratopognidae species registered in Germany (Havelka & Aquilar 1999), 170 in Poland (Szadziewski 1991), 92 in Estonia (Remm 1988), 162 in Belgium (Gosseries 1991), 157 in Czech Republic (Knoz 1998), 54 in Finland (Szadziewski et al. 1997), 47 in Denmark, 30 in Sweden (Szadziewski et al. 1997), 17 in Latvia (Remm 1988) and Norway (Szadziewski et al. 1997). The first data on the fauna of biting midges in Lithuania were published by Podënaitë (1960): 10 species of bloodsucking midges representing the genus Culicoides were established. Later during the 19571962 expeditions to Lithuania H. Remm detected and publicized 110 species of biting midges in Lithuania (Remm 1966). Notification of the existence of some more species was published in other sources of information (Jakaitis & Valenta 1976; Podënas & Pakalniðkis 2000). Hence, according to the data on the distribu-
tion of some of biting midges presented in the Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, up to the year 2000 there have been 118 biting midge species recorded in Lithuania (Pakalniðkis et al. 2000). The present article presents new data on 67 species of biting midges collected during the 19992002 period. Thirteen of the aforesaid biting midge species are new for the Lithuanian fauna.
MATERIAL
AND METHODS
Material for the study was collected in 19972002, an entomological net being used for insect catching. Part of the material was gathered by other authors applying automatic light traps. The author of the present article made use of the material collected by P. Ivinskis in Uþkaniaviai and Juodkrantë, G. Ðvitra in Rûgðteliðkis, G. Margis in Plokðèiai, D. Dapkus in Katra. In other localities insects were collected by the author. Insects were identified in accordance with Remm (1960, 1961, 1969, 1976), Havelka (1976, 1982), Szadziewski et al. (1994) and Gucevich (1973). Part of the collected samples were identified by Prof. R. Szadziewski (det. R.S.). Attempts to define insects of the genera Atrichopogon, Forcipomyia, Culicoides, Palpomyia ended in failure. Their species are supposed to be identified later, further investigations having been carried out. The material is kept at the Laboratory of Entomology, the Institute of Ecology in Vilnius. The Jacards index of fauna similarity, indicating the number of common species between two samplings was made use of in the study under consideration.
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DATA ON
LOCALITIES
Akmeniðkiai (Ðvenèionys District), 55°15'N 26°10'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Ariogala (Raseiniai District), 55°18'N 23°26'E; Balsiai (Vilnius District), 54°40'N 25°40'E; Daubënai (Vilnius District), 54°36'N 25°26'E; Dubininkas (Varëna District), 54°06'N 24°18'E; Dûkðtos (Vilnius District), 54°50'N 24°58'E; Èepkeliai Strict Nature Reserve (Varëna District), 54°01'N 24°26'E; Juodkrantë (Neringa), 55°33'N 21°07'E; Kalno Grikðtai (Kretinga District), 55°51'N 21°23'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Katra (Varëna District), 53°59'N 24°35'E; Leipalingis (Lazdijai District), 54°3'N 23°55'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Lyneþeris (Varëna District), 54°04'N 24°35'E; Margionys (Varëna District), 54°05'N 24°18'E; Meðkerinë (Ðvenèionys District), 55°02'N 25°51'E; Pavilnys (Vilnius), 54°41'N 25°18'E; Petrikai (Ðvenèionys District), 55°15'N 26°40'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Peiliðkiai (Akmenë District), 56°15'N 22°37'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Plokðèiai (Plungë District), 56°01'N 21°56'E; Puvoèiai (Varëna District), 54°07'N 24°18'E; Rûgðteliðkis (Utena District), 55°27'N 26°01'E; Rûsteikiai (Akmenë District), 56°18'N 22°38'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Strëva (Trakai District), 54°35'N 24°42'E (leg. G. Cibaitë); Ðakimo Miðkas forest (Molëtai District), 55°02'N 25°33'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Ðilai (Molëtai District), 55°03'N 29°33'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Ðilinës Miðkas forest (Ðalèininkai District), 54°15'N 25°43'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Tilþë (Zarasai District), 55°39'N 26°36'E; Tyrø Pelkë bog (Klaipëda District), 55°34'N 26°13'E (leg. J. Rimðaitë); Uþkaniaviai (Palanga), 55°59'N 21°06'E; Vaièiukiðkë (Ðvenèionys District), 55°14'N 26°13'E (leg. V. Jonaitis); Verkiai (Vilnius), 54°45'N 25°17'E; Þirmûnai (Vilnius), 54°33'N 25°19'E; Þydiðkës (Trakai District), 54°31'N 25°16'E; Þuvintas Strict Nature Reserve (Alytus District), 54°27'N 23°38'E.
RESULTS 733 biting midges were defined, 67 species were identified, 13 of them being new for the Lithuanian fauna.
The most abundant among the found species were Atrichopogon brunnipes, Culicoides albicans, C. impunctatus, C. obsoletus, C. punctatus, Forcipomyia nigra, F. titillans. Species to appear the first in spring include Atrichopogon brunnipes, Culicoides punctatus, C. obsoletus, C. delta, C. grisescens, C. impunctatus, C. festivipennis. Among the late-autumn species the following midge species should be mentioned Atrichopogon brunnipes, A. minutus, C. obsoletus, Forcipomyia nigra. Checklist of species collected Subfamily Ceratopogoninae Tribe Ceratopogonini Isohelea nitidulus (Edwards, 1921) Ceratopogon nitidulus: Remm 1988 Helea nitidula: Remm 1966 Verkiai, 06 June 2002, 1 F. I. sociabilis (Goetghebuer, 1920) Plokðèiai, 15 May 2000, 1 C, 08 June 2000, 1 C. Ceratopogon lacteipennis Zetterstedt, 1838. Leipalingis, 03 June 2002, 2 F. Brachypogon vitiosus (Winnertz, 1852). Brachypogon vitiosus: Remm 1988 Helea vitiosa: Remm 1966 Rûsteikiai, 02 July 1999, 1C. Culicoides (Avaritia) chiopterus (Meigen, 1830). Culicoides chiopterus: Remm 1966 Daubënai, 09 July 2000, 4 C. C. (A.) obsoletus (Meigen, 1818). Culicoides obsoletus: Remm 1966 Balsiai, 04 May 2002, 5 C, 08 June 2002, 1 C; Daubënai, 04 June 2002, 2 C; Juodkrantë, 06 May 2002, 5 C; Katra, 13 September 2001, 6 C (det. R.S.); Margionys, 25 July 2001, 14 C; Plokðèiai, 11 September 2000, 24 C; Puvoèiai, 03 September 2001, 4 C; Rûgðteliðkis, 24 April 2000, 36 C; Rûsteikiai, 23 May 2002, 9 C; Strëva, 30 April 2002, 11 C, 07 October 2000, 22 C; Þuvintas, 05 September 2000, 2 C (det R.S.). C. (Beltranmyia) circumscriptus Kieffer, 1918. Culicoides circumscriptus: Remm 1966 Puvoèiai, 19 October 2000, 2 C (det. R.S.); Verkiai, 30 July 2001, 6 C. C. (B.) sphagnumensis Williams, 1955. Culicoides carjalaensis: Remm 1966 Margionys, 25 July 2001, 3 C. C. (Culicoides) delta Edwards, 1939. Culicoides delta: Remm 1966, 1988 Margionys, 25 July 2001, 6 C; Rûgðteliðkis, 24 April 2000, 5 C, 29 May 2000, 4 C.
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C. (C.) grisescens Edwards, 1939. Culicoides grisescens: Remm 1966 Rûgðteliðkis, 24 April 2000, 5 C, 1 F (det. R.S.). C. (C.) impunctatus Goetghebuer, 1920. Culicoides impunctatus: Remm 1966 Katra, 28 June 2000, 6 C (det. R.S.); Rûgðteliðkis, 24 April 2000, 7 C, 29 May 2000, 16 C. C. (C.) punctatus (Meigen, 1804) Culicoides punctatus: Remm 1966 Akmeniðkiai, 08 July 1999, 5 C (det. R.S.); Katra, 28 June 2001, 11 C, 30 August 2001, 12 C; Rûgðteliðkis, 24 April 2000, 15 C, 29 May 2000, 9 C; Strëva, 08 April 2002, 5 C. C. (Monoculicoides) stigma (Meigen, 1818). Culicoides stigma: Remm 1966 Katra, 10 May 2001, 3 C. C. (Oecacta) achrayi Kettle et Lawson, 1955. Culicoides achrayi: Remm 1966 Pavilnys, 03 June 2002, 1 C; Rûgðteliðkis, 29 May 2000, 7 C. C. (O.) albicans (Winnertz, 1852). Culicoides albicans: Remm 1966 Katra, 28 June 2001, 13 C (det. R.S.); Vaièiukiðkë, 11 June 1999, 4 C (det. R.S.); Þirmûnai, 30 July 2001, 4 C. C. (O.) fascipennis (Staeger, 1839). Culicoides fascipennis: Remm 1966 Puvoèiai, 02 August 2000, 2 C (det. R.S.). C. (O.) festivipennis Kieffer, 1914. Culicoides odibilis: Remm 1966. Katra, 28 June 2001, 9 C; Rûgðteliðkis, 24 April 2000, 13 C. C. (O.) pallidicornis Kieffer, 1919. Culicoides pallidicornis: Remm 1966 Puvoèiai, 02 August 2000, 5 C (det. R.S.). C. (O.) reconditus Campbell et Pelham-Clinton, 1960. Culicoides reconditus: Remm 1966 Katra, 28 June 2001, 14 C. C. (O.) segnis Campbell et Pelham-Clinton, 1960. Culicoides segnis: Remm 1966 Margionys, 08 August 2000, 8 C; Rûgðteliðkis, 29 May 2000, 5 C (det. R.S.). C. (O.) vexans (Staeger, 1839). Katra, 28 June 2001, 9 C. Tribe Stilobezziini Monohelea (Schizohelea) leucopeza (Meigen, 1804). Monohelea leucopeza: Remm 1966 Margionys, 06 June 2000, 1 C (det. R.S.); Pavilnys, 17 July 2002, 1 C, 19 July 2002, 1 C. Serromyia atra (Meigen, 1818). Seromyia atra: Remm 1988
Bernotienë R.
Seromyia albitarsis: Remm 1966. Daubënai, 04 June 2002, 1 C,16 June 2001, 1 C; Balsiai, 08 June 2002, 1 C, 1 F. S. femorata (Meigen, 1818). Daubënai, 02 June 2002, 1 C; Rûsteikiai, 23 May 2002, 2 F. S. morio (Fabricius, 1775). Seromyia morio: Remm 1966 Balsiai, 08 June 2002, 2 C, 1 F. Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) flavirostris (Winnertz, 1852). Balsiai, 21 July 2001, 1 C; Puvoèiai, 02 August 2000, 1 C (det. R.S.). S. (Neostilobezzia) gracilis (Haliday, 1833). Stilobezzia gracilis: Remm 1966, 1988 Balsiai, 04 July 2002, 1 C; Daubënai, 16 June 2001, 1 C; Pavilnys, 09 July 2002, 1 C, 17 July 2002, 1 C; Verkiai, 11 June 2002, 1 C; Þydiðkës, 09 July 2000, 1 C. Subfamily Dasyheleinae Dasyhelea (Dicryptoscena) lucida Remm 1968. Daubënai, 17 July 2000, 1 C (det. R.S.). Subfamily Forcipomyiinae Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) brunnipes (Meigen, 1804) (All Atrichopogon det. R.S.). Atrichopogon brunnipes: Remm 1966 Èepkeliai, 16 August 2000, 1 C; Daubënai, 26 August 2000, 3 C, 5 F; Katra, 13 September 2001, 2 C, 4 F; Lyneþeris, 15 May 2001, 1 C; Margionys, 18 August 2001, 2 C, 1 F; Puvoèiai, 02 August 2000, 2 C, 23 October 2000, 1 C; Rûgðteliðkis, 24 April 2000, 1 C 2 F; Rûsteikiai, 22 July 1999, 1 C; Tilþë, 25 July 2001, 1 C; Verkiai, 23 July 2001, 1 C, 1 F, 23 August 2000, 1 C, 31 August 2000, 1 C. A. (A.) infuscus Goetghebuer, 1929. Atrichopogon infuscus: Remm 1966 Akmeniðkiai, 09 July 1999, 2 C; Daubënai, 27 July 2000, 1 C; 10 August 2000, 1 F; Katra, 24 May 2001, 2 C, 13 September 2001, 3 C; Rûgðteliðkis, 29 May 2000, 1 C; Verkiai, 23 July 2001, 3 C; Þuvintas, 05 September 2001, 8 C. A. (A.) minutus (Meigen, 1830). Atrichopogon minutus: Remm 1966 Katra, 13 September 2001, 1 C; Plokðèiai, 18 September 2000, 1 F; Verkiai, 23 July 2001, 1 C, 23 August 2000, 1 C; Þuvintas, 05 September 2001, 2 C. A. (A.) alveolatus Nielsen, 1951. Daubënai, 26 July 2000, 1 C; Puvoèiai, 02 August 2000, 1 C. A (Psammopogon) muelleri (Kieffer, 1905). Kalno Grikðtai, 26 July 2001, 1 C. A. (Meloehelea) oedemerarum Storå, 1939. Atrichopogon oedemerarum: Remm 1966
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New data on the fauna of biting midges from Lithuania
Daubënai, 10 August 2000, 1 C; Katra, 07 June 2001, 1 C; Tilþë, 15 August 2000, 1 C. A. (M.) winertsi Geotghebuer, 1922. Atrichopogon meloesugans: Remm 1966, 1988 Ariogala, 21 June 1994, C; Daubënai, 10 August 2000, 1 C; Rûsteikiai, 22 July 1999, 1 C; Verkiai, 23 July 2001, 1 C, 31 August 2000, 2 C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) alacris (Winnertz, 1852). Forcipomyia alacris: Remm 1966 Èepkeliai, 16 August 2000, 1 F (det. R.S.); Dubininkas, 02 August 2000, 1 F (det. R.S.); Pavilnys, 21 May 2002, 1 F; 03 June 2002, 3 F; 09 July 2002, 7 F; Verkiai, 27 July 2002, 2 F, 07 August 2002, 2 F. F. (E.) borealis Remm 1966. Forcipomyia. borealis: Remm 1966, 1988 Daubënai, 14 June 2000, 1 F; Pavilnys, 21 May 2002, 1 F. F. (E.) hirtipennis (Malloch, 1915). Forcipomyia hirtipennis: Remm 1988 Forcipomyia turfacea: Remm 1966 Balsiai, 08 June 2002, 6 F; Daubënai, 04 June 2002, 5 F, 10 August 2000, 6 F; Pavilnys, 09 July 2002, 1 F; Ðilai, 18 July 2002, 2 F. F. (E.) phlebotomoides Bangerter, 1933. Daubënai, 10 August 2000, 1 F; Pavilnys, 17 July 2002, 1 F; Puvoèiai, 02 August 2000, 1 C, 4 F. F. (E.) titillans (Winnertz, 1852). Forcipomyia titillans: Remm 1966 Balsiai, 04 May 2002, 2 F; Daubënai, 04 June 2002, 4 F, 26 July 2000, 1 F; Pavilnys, 03 June 2002, 3 F, 09 July 2002, 3 C, 7 F; 17 July 2002, 1 C, 6 F; Ðilai, 18 July 2002, 2 F; Verkiai, 19 July 2002, 1 F, 27 July 2002, 1 F, 21 August 2002, 1 F. F. (Forcipomyia) bipunctata (Linné, 1767). Forcipomyia bipunctata: Remm 1966 Juodkrantë, 06 May 2002, 1 F; Katra, 28 June 2001, 1 F (det. R.S.); Peiliðkiai, 04 July 2002, 3 F. F. (F.) brevipennis (Macquart, 1826). Forcipomyia brevipennis: Remm 1966 Katra, 19 July 2001, 2 F (det. R.S.), 09 August 2001, 1 F. F. (F.) ciliata (Winnertz, 1852). Forcipomyia ciliata: Remm 1966 Katra, 10 May 2001, 2 F; Strëva, 30 April 2002, 1 F; Ðakimo Miðkas, 18 July 2002, 5 F. F. (F.) hygrophila Kieffer, 1925. Forcipomyia hygrophila: Remm 1966 Katra, 30 August 2001, 1 F; Strëva, 30 April 2002, 1 F; Ðilai, 18 July 2002, 1 F; Verkiai, 23 July 2001, 1 F (det. R.S.). F. (F.) nigra (Winnertz, 1852). Forcipomyia nigra: Remm 1966 Èepkeliai, 01 May 2001, 1 F; Katra, 10 May 2001,
1 F, 28 June 2000, 1 F (det. R.S.), 19 July 2001, 4 F (det. R.S.), 09 August 2001, 25 F, 30 August 2001, 5 F, 13 September 2001, 1 F (det. R.S.), 20 September 2001, 1 F; Leipalingis, 03 May 2002, 3 F; Margionys, 18 August 2001, 1 F, 30 August 2001, 4 F; Peiliðkiai, 04 July 2002, 5 F; Petrikai, 08 August 2001, 2 F; Plokðèiai, 28 August 2000, 1 F; Rûgðteliðkis, 31 July 2000, 2 F, 14 August 2000, 1 F; Strëva, 30 April 2002, 11 F; Ðilai, 18 July 2002, 1 F; Uþkaniaviai, 21 August 2001, 1 F. F. (F.) nigrans Remm 1962. Forcipomyia nigrans: Remm 1966, 1988 Katra, 19 July 2001, 1 C, 1 F (det. R.S.). F. (F.) tenuis (Winnertz, 1852). Forcipomyia tenuis: Remm 1966, 1988 Katra, 19 July 2001, 1 F (det. R.S.); Margionys, 08 August 2000, 1 F. F. (F.) tenuisquama Kieffer, 1924. Katra, 30 August 2001, 1 F. F. (Trichohelea) chaetoptera Remm 1962. Forcipomyia chaetoptera: Remm 1966, 1988 Pavilnys, 21 May 2002, 1 F. F. (Microhelea) fuliginosa (Meigen, 1818). Forcipomyia. fuliginosa: Remm 1966 Katra, 19 July 2001, 6 F (det. R.S.); Peiliðkiai, 04 July 2002, 4 F; Rûsteikiai, 02 July 2002, 1 C, 7 F; Tyrø Pelkë, 19 June 2002, 2 F. F. (Thyridomyia) monilicornis (Coquillett, 1905). Forcipomyia palustris: Remm 1966. Akmeniðkiai, 08 July 1999, 1 F (det. R.S.); Balsiai, 04 July 2002, 1 F; Èepkeliai, 16 August 2000, 1 F (det. R.S.); Daubënai, 14 June 2000, 1 C (det. R.S.), 07 September 2000, 1 C (det. R.S.); Pavilnys, 09 July 2002, 1 F, 17 July 2002, 3 F; Puvoèiai, 22 July 2000, 1 F (det. R.S.); Verkiai, 19 July 2002, 5 F, 27 July 2002, 1 F, 30 July 2001, 1 F. F. (Lasiohelea) velox (Winnertz, 1852). Forcipomyia velox: Remm 1966 Daubënai, 04 June 2002, 1 F, 10 August 2000, 1 F; Pavilnys, 19 July 2002, 1 F; Verkiai, 25 April 2000, 2 F (det. R.S.); Þydiðkës, 09 July 2000, 6 F (det. R.S.). F. (Caloforcipomyia) glauca Macffe, 1934. Katra, 24 May 2001, 1 C (det. R.S.), 28 June 2001, 1 F (det. R.S.), 19 July 2001, 2 F (det. R.S.), 09 August 2001, 2 C; Puvoèiai, 29 August 2001, 1 F; Tyrø Pelkë, 19 June 2002, 2 F. F. (Lepidohelea) tibialis Remm 1961. Katra, 28 June 2001, 1 C (det. R.S.); Petrikai, 08 August 2001, 6 C, 3 F; Strëva, 30 April 2002, 1 F. Subfamily Palpomyiinae Tribe Palpomyiini Bezzia (Bezzia) albipes (Winnertz, 1852).
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Bezzia albipes: Remm 1966 Pavilnys, 09 July 2002, 1 F; Verkiai, 04 July 2002, 1 C. B. (B.) flavicornis (Staeger, 1839). Bezzia flavicornis: Remm 1966 Verkiai, 19 July 2002, 1 C. B. (B.) winnertziana Kieffer, 1919. Bezzia winnertziana: Remm 1988 Bezzia gracilis: Remm 1966 Balsiai, 08 June 2002, 1 C; Plokðèiai, 15 May 2000, 1 C; Ðilinës Forest, 16 July 2002, 1 C. Palpomyia (Palpomyia) brachialis (Halid, 1833). Palpomyia brachialis: Remm 1988 Palpomyia nemorivaga: Remm 1966. Balsiai, 04 May 2002, 2 C; Daubënai, 28 June 2002, 1 C, 18 July 2001, 1 C (det. R.S.). P. (P.) distincta (Haliday, 1833). Palpomyia distincta: Remm 1966, 1988 Balsiai, 04 July 2002, 1 C; Daubënai, 28 June 2002, 5 C; Pavilnys, 17 July 2002, 1 C. P. (P.) flavipes (Meigen, 1804). Palpomyia flavipes: Remm 1966 Balsiai, 21 July 2001, 1 C (det. R.S.); Daubënai, 04 June 2002, 3 C, 17 July 2001, 1 C (det. R.S.); Pavilnys, 17 July 2002, 1 C; Verkiai, 16 July 2001, 3 C (det. R.S.), 30 July 2001, 1 C. P. (P.) lineata (Meigen, 1804). Palpomyia lineata: Remm 1966 Balsiai, 08 June 2002, 1 C; Daubënai, 04 June 2002, 1 C. P. (P.) serripes (Meigen, 1818). Palpomyia serripes: Remm 1966 Balsiai, 08 June 2002, 1 C; Puvoèiai, 13 June 2002, 1 C (det. R.S.); Þirmûnai, 13 June 2001, 1 C. Tribe Sphaeromiini Probezzia seminigra (Panzer, 1798). Dicrobezzia venusta: Remm 1966. Rûsteikiai, 02 July 2002, 2 C. Mallochohelea munda (Loew, 1864). Mallochohelea munda: Remm 1966 Plokðèiai, 15 May 2000, 1 C. Sphaeromias candidatus (Loew, 1856). Sphaeromias candidatus: Podënas & Pakalniðkis, 2000 Meðkerinë, 12 June 1999, 2 C. S. fasciatus (Meigen, 1804). Sphaeromias fasciatus: Remm 1966 Þirmûnai, 05 July 1999, 2 C. S. pictus (Meigen, 1818). Dûkðtos, 08 June 1998, 1 C. At present over 130 species are known, the list of Lithuanian biting midges having been supplemented. The comparison of Lithuanian fauna of biting midges with that of other European countries makes it possible to assume
Bernotienë R.
that the most similar to Lithuania in this respect is Poland (the calculated Jacards index of species similarity being 28%), Belgium (26.3%), Germany (24%) and Estonia (20.7%). Further studies are expected to prove the composition of Lithuanian fauna of biting midges to be even more extensive.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I feel grateful to Prof. Richard Szadziewski, the University of Gdansk, for his manifold support and guidance in learning to define biting midges.
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Teaduste akadeemia juures asuva loodusuurijate seltsi aastaraamat 54: 165192 (in Russian). Remm, H. 1966. On the Lithuanian biting midges (Diptera, Heleidae). Tartu riikliku ülikooli toimetised 180 (3): 5371 (in Russian). Remm, H. 1969. Ceratopogonidae (Heleidae). Key to insects of the European Part of the USSR: 201218. [Ðåìì, Õ. 1969. Ìîêðåöû. Îïðåäåëèòåëü íàñåêîìûõ Åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè ÑÑÑÐ 201218.] Remm, H. 1976. A synopsis of the Palpomyia of the USSR (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Eesti looduseuurijate seltsi aastaraamat 64: 172197. Remm, H. 1988. Family Ceratopogonidae. Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 3: 11110. Szadziewski, R. 1991. Ceratopogonidae. Checklist of Animals of Poland II (XXXII/2529): 103109. Szadziewski, R., Kaczorowska, E. and Krzywinski, J. 1994. The predaceous midges of the subg. Isohelea of Brachypogon in Poland (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Acta Zoologica Cracovensis 37 (2): 132. Szadziewski, R., Krzywinski, J. and Gilka, W. 1997. Diptera, Ceratopogonidae, biting midges. In: A.N.
Nilsson (ed.) Aquatic Insects of North Europe Vol. 2, pp. 243263. Stenstrup: Apollo Books.
LIETUVOS SMULKIØJØ MAÐALØ (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) FAUNOS APÞVALGA R. Bernotienë
SANTRAUKA Iki 2000 m. Lietuvoje buvo þinomos 118 smulkiøjø maðalø rûðys, taèiau paskutinieji smulkiøjø maðalø faunos tyrimai Lietuvoje buvo atlikti H. Remm 1957 1962 m. Straipsnyje pateikiami duomenys apie 1997 2002 m. surinktus ir apibûdintus smulkiuosius maðalus. Nustatytos 67 smulkiøjø maðalø rûðys, ið kuriø 13 yra naujos Lietuvos faunai. Pateiktos smulkiøjø maðalø radvietës ir sugavimo laikas. Received: 19 September 2002 Accepted: 09 October 2002
