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Disaster-preparedness and recovery: a priority for telecom regulatory agencies in liberalized environments Rohan Samarajiva LIRNE.NET, Economics of Infrastructures Section, Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan, The Netherlands
International Journal of Regulation and Governance
1(2): 181196
Abstract Telecom infrastructure is assigned a special position in policy because of its important role in the everyday functioning of society. In addition to the direct effects of loss of service, telecom failures cripple coordination capabilities, hindering rescue and recovery operations. Effective disaster-preparedness and recovery is a socio-political objective that any government must attend to. In the case of government- or privatemonopoly provision, the government may issue general directives to the management, directly intervene in management functions under emergency conditions, and assume all or the bulk of disaster recovery costs. In the new order of private provision of telecom services, a different response is required. Disaster-preparedness and recovery by private operators cannot be ensured through licenses or concessions alone. The impossibility of making long-term contracts that address all contingencies applies with amplified force to disaster-related provisions. Therefore, independent regulatory agencies are a part of the solution. This paper addresses the theory and practice of regulatory intervention in disaster-preparedness and recovery drawing from a pilot study conducted by the Telecom Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka with the support of ICO Global Communications in 1998/99. The elements of effective design of appropriate legislative and license provisions are discussed. Issues of cost containment of disaster-preparedness and recovery measures and the allocation of responsibilities and risks are delineated and the benefits of competitive markets and new technologies for effective use of telecommunications in disaster management are identified.
Rohan Samarajiva
182
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1(2): 181196
Disaster-preparedness and recovery
191
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International Journal of Regulation and Governance 1(2): 181196
Rohan Samarajiva
192
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Wqiyj~qk"oy pqokBlm#otqIilk yUu1jyzlx#yZj$m#|pBjm#sj$m#s lmr!om#osqp jot_ox#ylm#lrIw |WuU|lpqor!{tquyzqDWlp}} J{poiyjiq1j$k}|lpyzq1sl~qpUm#rIqm#yUu jm#yqpUmoyjlm#ot#osqm#ij$qk[lpJyzqilmnkBx#r!qpJyl?qopJyzq>|x#tt#ilk yk[l|bv#j$k ok yqp_pqil~qpUw@uWyzqp*q1lx#t$vIqm#l j$m#iqm#yj$~q|lp_o{p j$~oyqlp_ilp {lp*oyjWqv l{qpoylpZyl v#qk jsDmEom#v(l{qpoyq4om(jm#|p*okBypUx#iyx#p*q4j$mEo"1ow"yzoyKZlxt$v r!jm#j$r!jWqIv#or!osqI|plrv#jk ok yqpO m/yzqIok qm#iqIl|[{qm#otyj$qk^|lp>k wk yqr|ojtx#pq!om#v/kBt$l@pqil~qpUw!iox#k qv/w!jm#ov#qx#oyqI{p*q{opoyj$lm/|lp v#jk ok yqpOuyzqpqopqm#l"j$m#iqmyj$~qkKyl"v#qk jsmIp*qk jtj$qm#yk wk yqrIkJom#v?{pliq v#x#pqkK|lp}x#jipqk ylpoyjlm?l|nk qp~jiqkzq)pBjKom#@om?iok q)k zl1kKyzq [qoDm#qk k)l|}pqtwjm#s?lm(t$jiqm#iq"ilm#v#jyjlm#kom#v(r!om#v#oyqk)ot$lm#quD)jyz lx#y}q||qiyj~qj$m#iqm#yj~qk[j$m yzq|lpUrl|bitqop+ott$lioyj$lm l|bpqk {lmnkBj$jt$j yjqk|lp)ilk ykl|Kv#j$kBok yqp*{pq{opqv#m#qk kom#vpqil~qpUw m#k x#p*om#iqrIowq>k qqm ok[otlsj$iotnkBltx#yjlm_ y'jk[osllv r!qyzlv l| r!om#osj$m#s p jk ux#yKjy_j$k1m#ly_o"ix#pq*ott* |}yzq^j$m#k x#p*om#iq4k izqrIq4jk)m#ly {pl{qptw,v#qk jsm#qv_uj$yiomk zj|y>ottZyzq(ilk ykyl/ilm#k x#r!qp k,8r!omw,l| 1zlr r!ow"m#lyKq~qm(q{qpUjqm#iq4yzq4v#j$kBok yqp¡Z)jyzlx#yKipqoyjm#sj$m#iqm# yj~qk+|lpKyzqilr!{omwylk qyj$m!{toiqk wk yqrIk+om#v!{pliqv#x#pqkJyl?rIj$m#j r!jqyzq~x#tm#qpojtj$ywl|_yzq k wkByqr¢ylEv#jk ok yqpO£1qsx#t$oylpBk1jt$tzo~q yl itlk qtwk x#{qpU~jk q)yzqopBpom#sDqr!qm#ykKyzoybl{qpoylp kKr!oDq1j$yzjm#k x#p qp kuqk {qij$ot$tw?j$mhilk y*{tx#k>yw{q?qm~j$plm#r!qmnyk zqZqoDm#qkBkKl|yzq)p jJom#DomItjiqm#iqilm#v#jyj$lmkJkBzl1kJyzq~otx#q l| ipqoyj$m#sGsqm#qpotp x#tqk/pqsopv#jm#sGv#jk ok yqp**{pq{opqv#m#qkBk1¤qm#qpot p x#tqk)o{{t$jiotq"yl6ot$tbl{qpoylp kopq"r!lpq"o{{pl{p j$oyq"|lp1o ilrI{qyj yj~q¥qm~jplm#r!qm#yUh¦"|§ilx#pBk qu{pl{qp¨v#jk ok yqp¨rIom#osqr!qmy©om#v yqtqilrªqD{qp yjk qZlx#tv«zo~qylqo{{tj$qv«yl2yzq,vnqk jsDm¬l|yzqk q p x#tqkzq?pqsDx#toylpUwIosDqm#iwIom#v{ltjiwIr!oDqp k>k zlx#t$v_uzl@Zq~qpuq oZopq!l|Zyzq!v#om#sqp>l|Zyllr!om#w!qk io{q!itox#k qk^qj$m#s6j$m#kBqp yqv/j$m#yl yzqhpUx#tqk!w/l{qpoylpIp*q{pqk qm#yoyj~qku}ok iomqkBqqm|plr®yzqnp j Jom#Dom2tj$iqm#iqk ¯ jk ok yqp pqil~qpUw2yoDqk(k zlpUy om#v°t$lm#s*yqp r±|lp rIk>zq²k zlp y yqpUr³k ltx#yj$lm#kJtjqj$mIyzqr!oDjm#s^om#v!jr!{tqrIqm#yoyjlm!l|q||qiyj$~qilm# yjm#sqmiw {tom#kOzq p jKJom#Dom²k yxv#w6|lx#m#v²yzoy)o6v#qitopoyjlm²l|Zo k yoyq)l|#v#j$kBokByqp18okKjk_|lx#m#v?jmyzq)´¡}j$k_o~qOpWw)x#k q|x#tr!qizom#j$kBr¨|lp yp j$ssqpBjm#sqiq{yj$lm#otpqkB{lm#k qk_lmyzq{opUyl|nyzql{qpoylpuOyzq)pqsx# toylpwosqmiwDuom#vlyzqp1{opUyjqkµ§itqoptwv#qr!opioyqv=¶ {qp jlv,l|KqD iq{yjlm_·1lx#tvhot$tl¸x#j$i6om#vh|tqjt$qpqk {lm#k qk>)jyzlx#y[zo~jm#s!yl oom#v#lm¨m#lprIot?{pliqv#x#potk o|qsx#op*v#k=oiplk k/yzq«lop*v_uyzqpqw r!jm#jr!jWjm#s v#or!osDqyl,yzq?jm#~qk yr!qm#yZit$jr!oyq pBjJom#Do· k1q{qpBjqmiq^k zlZqvEyzq^~otx#q^l|'pqv#x#m#v#om#iw@uqk {qij$ottw jmx#m#vqpHv#q~qtl{qvilx#m#yp j$qk¹1zqpq?lm#q?m#qy)lp*6|ojtqv_uoIilr!{qyj International Journal of Regulation and Governance
1(2): 181196
Disaster-preparedness and recovery
193
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Rohan Samarajiva
194
ï!ðñ#òóô$õñ#ö ðö óð÷ø$õôô$ùEøñ2òúð6ô$øûDúòüý1òúðEðï!ðþûðñ#÷ð6üý1ï!üþðEòøûDúòôù ýü÷ÿ#öBð =üóðþõòüþ ö>õýòðþòúð?ø$ ñ #ÿ#öBòþù öþðüþûõñ#ø õòø$ü ñ ñâòúð÷üÿ#þ öBð üý/õ ó ÿ ô$ø÷ *ñ#üòø$÷ð óþ*ü÷ðð #ø$ñ#û³ø$ò²÷ü ñ #ÿn÷òð âüñ °ôø÷ðñ#ö øñ# û _òú ð ýõ÷ð Gü!#"ð÷òøüñ#ö ýþüï òúðþð÷ðñ#òôù óþBø $õòø ð Eøñ#÷ÿ#% ï ðñ#ò_òúõò_õñù4ûþõñ#ò_üý'& õ ,ôø÷ðñ#÷& ð '[üÿ#(ô )$ø!ü ôõòð!øò ö * ï!üñ#üóüô ù !ü $ðþøñ#òðþ ñõòøüñ#õôKòðôðóúüñ#ðIö ð+þ $ø÷ðö +úðIõ÷òÿ#õô ôõñ#ûÿ#õûDð(üýòúð(óþ ø $õòø õòøüñÖõûþððïIðñ#,ò õô$ö ü=øñ#÷üþ óüþõòð Öøñ#òü=òúð ôø$÷ðñ#÷-ð ')õö"òúõ. ò * ñ#üüòúðþ^ôø÷ðñ#ö / ð 0nýüþòúð6óþ!ü $øö øüñ²üý1ø$ñ#òðþ ñ#1õ òøüñ#õô+òðôðóúüñ#ø$÷6ö ð2þ $ø÷ðö øñ2õ ñ 2ýþü3 ï þ 4 ø Kõ ñ 5DõEóþ ø$üþ4ò/ ü 6871ÿ#ûÿ#ö ò 9-:-:-9 #úð"ýøñ#õ ô ð÷ø$öBø$üñ(üý}òúð"÷üïIï!øö ö øüñ,úð(ô (òúõ0 ò . ö ð+þ $ ø÷ðöJòúõ ò #ø!ñ#üòbø$ ñ $Oüô $ðòúðÿ#ö ðüýðõþUòúIöBòõòøüñ#öJø$; ñ þBø Jõ ñ 5D< õ #ø!ñ#üò þð =ÿ#øþð?ö ùö òðï¥ôø$÷ðñ#öBðö>ÿ# ñ #ð> þ þ ? ø Kõ ñ 5Dõñhô$õ 'A@B DCE-EE÷ FHGI- "ð÷òøüñ#öKö ÿ#÷úõöKòúüöBðþõøö ð ;ùòú> ð þ -ø Kõ ñ 5Dõñ?øñ#÷ÿ#% ï ðñ#òbñ#ðûDôð÷òòúð þü1 õ #ðþ!ö ü÷ø$õôþõïIø$ýø÷õòøüñnö üý4øñ#òþ-ü #ÿ#÷ø$ñ#û²÷üïIóðòøñ#û²õ ñ GöBü÷ø$õôô$ù ðñ#ðýø÷ðñ#òhòð÷úñ#üôüûøð1 ö >øñÞòúðø$þ=ö úüþUòö øûDúòð Þóþðü÷÷ÿ#óõòø$üA ñ '1øòú õ% ï øûDÿ#üÿ#öð J÷ôÿ#ö ø $øòøðö 2K2úøô$ð?òúL ð ðôð÷üM ï Zðûÿ#ôõòüþ; ù üï!ï!øö ö øüñ ýüÿ# ñ «ñ#üûþüÿ# ñ #ö!ýüþ?òúðö ð!ü #"Wð÷òøüñ#ö!øñ«òúð÷üÿ#þ ö ðhüýòúðï!ÿ#ôòø þüÿ# ñ =ó ÿ ôø÷ óþü÷ðð #øñ#û(÷ü ñ #ÿ#÷òð =ø$N ñ CE-E-O-P(E-Enøò)õóóðõþ ö4òúõò)ø% ï óôðïIðñ#òõòøüñ¬üý>òúðõñ#ñ#üÿ#ñ#÷ð ¬óþüûþðöBö ø $ð,óüô$ø÷ùüQ ñ úõö ððñöBòõôôð ,ö ø$ñ#÷ð 9-:-:-:
Conclusion
7³÷üï!óþ*ðúðñ#ö ø$ð)$øð' üýþðûÿ#ô$õòøüñÿ#ñ #ðþ"ôø(ðþõô$øõòøüñö úüÿ#ôøñ ÷ô$ÿ #ð!õ ýü÷ÿ#ö^üñ/#øö õö òðþRHóþðóõþð#ñ#ðöBö4õñ /þð÷ü!$OðþUùS+úø$ö^øö4øï!óüþT òõñ#òJñ#üò+üñ#ô$ù ýüþ1øòöøñ#òþ øñ#ö ø÷ ø$ï!óüþ òõñ#÷ðU ÿ#ò+õô$öBüEýüþ)ðñ#úõñ#÷ø$ñ#ûIòúð ö òõ ôð ÷üñ #øòø$üñ#öñ#ð÷ðö öBõþUù ýüþ1øñ$ ðö òï!ðñ#òJõñ Vð÷õÿ#ö ð üý}ø$òö)÷üñ#òþBø( ÿ#òøüñhòü) ÿ#øô(#øñ#û!òúð ô$ðûøòø$ïIõ÷ù?üýKòúðþðûÿ#ô$õòüþùóþü÷ðö ö1W úøöóõ óðþIúõö úø$ûúôø$ûúòðö ð$ ðþõôøï!óüþUòõñ#ò"ôðö ö üñ#ö òúõò"ï!õù/ ðhô$ðõþUñ#ð ýþüï¢ðJ õïIø$ñ#õòøüñüýKòúð òúðüþUùõñ óþõ÷òø÷ðüý_þðûÿ#ôõòøüñþðô$õòðòü #øö õö òðþT* óþðóõþð#ñ#ðöBöõñ hþð÷ü!$ ðþUù1- üþð?þðûÿ#ô$õòüþù?þðöBüÿ#þ*÷ðöïIÿ#ö ò ð#ð$ üòðhòü,òúøö>ö ÿ #" ð÷ò2H ÿ#òZõ?óþð* ÷üñ nøòøüñhøö>òúð?þð÷üûDñ#øòø$üñX ù òúðD5 ñ#ü-1 ' ô$ð#ûDð÷üï!ï!ÿ#ñ#ø$òøðöJøñ!òúðýø$ðô(Iüýòðôð÷üï óüôø$÷ù>õñ !þðûDÿ#ôõ1 òøüñ,òúõòJòúð"ö ÿ #" ð÷òJøöõñ,ø$ïIóüþòõñ#òJüñ#ð
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