Discriminative "raining for Large Vocabulary Speech ... - Google Sites

3 downloads 527 Views 2MB Size Report
1. 2 Int r od u ction to speech r ecognition. 3. 2 .1 The SpeechRecognition Problem . ..... 1 33. 8 .15.1 E xact vs. ine
          ! " #$%& (')* + ,%- ./10 23/4 5

( /*7689+

: ( 10 ;"=@?"?A BDCFEGEIHKJGLNMOLP[CRHKQTmfSUJGH\EGHVW QjXYehBbCZLGQqLPH\pr[YL]QfL]JsQ^QfLPe/_tHa_`bCFulSQfCZEGcTQjH\v J]_wEGdyCRL5dYxzQfM{ehJ]pgi_}MjXk|{~€W{JPfCl[fmf‚ HneoQjJiLP_H

/&* ( h

       !#"$%& '(")$ "* )+ "  "+,##+ *-$ .  &+*&/

01 '2)" 3 "4* &5(67& (8&"97 ;:#+  / (8 )@?A  CB1D(8=+ /EGF-HJIKLD(L"8 67 "M +6N  )M "C#& L& "O=D(PQ&#(J) , >(8R("ST8 R+"U   VH  M ",WX3    / "* )+ ",YQ"8 /("+)@(=+=Z ") * / /(==+ [:H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H + H/+, HE 0c 1D0 " "T (3sXo2o H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H + H/+, H + $'  )1# Ms o2ox H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H + H/+, H3, # *&,&"&"O(")T ( "+ ", #Ms o2ogTH>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H + H4- sX  C8  =Z  *-2 * ,&"  &"MH$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H + H \ 0c  *  N"D(8 U& # ( "+ ",uH$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H * 56 7    8  :9 ;=)@ :9 BA      +, HE IV"S )*;&" H$H$H>HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +, H + h U& C= &=7& )x) *   / "D(GU *   5( H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +, H + HE + >oxoxI(")goYB  6*) *;U $Q+"*  &"#H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +, H + H + IV/= / "S-(8  &"+p o2oxIp(8")xo2B  H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +, H + H3, E   #) *   / "D(GU *   5( H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +, H/, ox "+   h&"   &$? oxhpFwH>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +, H/+, HE d*[( ",J '  H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +, H/+, H + og "  ij& )'  &L? ogi pFJHLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +, H4- B1&/=D(  &"T67 V% "2&6*) * U& Q"+*&"0G :+(N=+ @H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H I     KJ        -HE IV"S )*;&" H$H$H>HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H  

*

, -

, . . . 2

E!] !E ] &E E

, !C E\ E. E. E#D E2 EF EF +] +] &* +, E

U



-H +

d  &",# K " $(")O% [('" V " (:+  ( /Q"*; " H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H HE dN+ ",Q+"*  &" H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H H  :+(/=  P &"#, K "+ $(")O1 ('" V " (H H +H h  & vU  r$(8  5("O=D( (/   RH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H +H -I K /H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H +H \ 0cN " &" K =7 *  D*c-I K /H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H HE h  & pQ&p1  ,&S X(8")M ("+   &"+ H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H h U&1 'C& "  : "+) )xmp((  Ki *-M+=Z)D(G  H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H \ HE m1((  Ki  *-O=7)D(8 cQ&R. o $  (" "+,J )+  * ; $s o2og H>H H \ H  : ") ) mp((  Ki *-WQ/)+  * N"D(8U& w (" "+,Yc) * ; $s o2ogxH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H \ H 0m Q&RB1&"S"l& 0c "+ VTs o2ox H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H \ H   R(==+ S(*-+   )     "+, 

0m  +lD(8&"JH$HLH>H$H>H H \ H \ k )+U8("S-(, 8p1 ("' V " T(H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H

-+

C

-++ - + 3, - + /- H/, - /, - /, + - /, 3, - /, /- /, - H4- 4-H \ - + - 3, - /- E  \ HE

+

\H

/,

\H

) $ HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H \ HE&HE R )MQ& (8   * pH$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H \ HE&H h U &+R+ $  (8   *  H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H \ HE&H IV     5(G "+,3 > 5(G *  H>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H dH$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H \ H HE  :+(*; VN(8 *-MQ&Pp(8 ) K6D(*-'Sp(8 )x*&/=+-(G " H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H \ H H D K [(8 *-CQ&Pp( ) V6(*-'Sp( )x*&N=++-(8  &" H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H  :+=7   / "S#&"O (8   *  V6D(8 )Mo2ogI H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H \ H +HE  :H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H DH$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H H$HLH>H$H>H H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H

D

2

.

 2 #        +HE VI "S )*;&" H$H$H>HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +H  (   ("S+ 0m =7)D(8 Q&RrL(   (" H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +H HE $" [()+ "&/ "(8&p(H$HLH>H$H>H +H H c=+  /  (8&"w  " [(8p) "+&N"D(8 &(H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +H +HE #  (8U& N=7& ("* c1  ,&SR("+)M ("   &"H H$HLH>H$H>H +H +H dl-(")( )O1  ,&SR("+)M ("   &"T=7)D(8 H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +H +H R  1  ,&SX(")O (" &"T=7)D(8  H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +H +H og: 1  ,&SX(H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +H HE h U &+R*&/=D(  &"+ 8 =D(8(/  =7)D(8 #Q&#o2oxI-H H +H H B1N=D(8   &"T r$(8  5("O=7)D(8  H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +H H B1N=D(8   &"T1  ,&SX(")O (" &"T=7)D(8 H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +H H B1 6 "+ ",   L6Z  R ; ",& H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +H \ B1&"*   &" H>H$H$H>HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H

.

.

\ H +H d    ",J  L* &"P-("S (")M"l 67 #  (8  &"+gH$HLH>H$H>H \ \ H +H $(8 *   H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H \ \ H +H $(8 * 5(8",&D(, cN)     V,& (g9H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H !E ]

DH$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 H + oxh@U H%o2oxIH$H>HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 H + HE  :H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 H + H +  :H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 H + H3,  :H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE!] $(",&D(8,& N) .Q&#oxh G X",&( U m% ,& (gH H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE&EWrL "  (8&"T 5(8 * wH>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE +  e. *R I- V /",J* " ("S vH H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE, 0c / "  &"* V =7 * D0 *XI- V N+ ", H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE)- dH$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE#H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE2 ox  *  5(8" &+) ( p oxh  /= N "l(8&"HJH$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE+2 HE (8"  "O(")O1  ,&SR= &  H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE+2 H + B1"l ;:X) =7 ")+ "Scogh/ H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE+2 H/, d  "* "T L ;Q  "* $ (" *   =+  &" H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H +2 HE+2 H4- ogh/ #OU8(  ("* D#O   *-" +l TH$H>H



. F

E!] &E E[] E&E[] E&EE E&E E&E E&E E&E E&E E&E \ E&E

), ), ), ), D

+

++ E++ E+E+. E+2 E+F E, ] E, , E, , E, . E,$D E, 2 E, 2 E)+- E E)+- E E)- + E)-$, E)- E)- E)- \ E



2+HEF+HE 2+HE+F H +





U 

0c *  / "(8U& #(8 "", # go1$ $2 H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H ogh/ #gs$20 k H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H

2+H + ] dH$H$H>HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H       F+HE o2oxI% /= N "l(8&" H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H F+H +   CQ&)+  * N"D(8U&  (" "+, H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H F+H/, oxh H$H>H$H>H$H$H>HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H  J?&        ' k HE mp(  "  P  G * &//&"CQ [(8  H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H k H + 0(8-(    H>H$H$H>HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H k H + HE dl#*-l67S( )gPH$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H k H + H +  k m ?Aij( d ; & "D(8AF0 P  H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H k H + H/, m% S()+*[(PR #R   MH H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H k H + H4- #  & * >o2("D(, / "S#   MHHLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H k H/, $(8   * * (8&" H>HLH$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$H>H$HLH>H$H$H>H$H>H$H$H>H$HLH>H$H>H

)E)-$. E)-$. @H  E)-$F E)-$F

E \

E\]

KC?

E\E E\ E\ E\ E\ E\ E\

-

-

-

,

+

+

U 



    

ox ("gU *;&Q&RrL(  5(8"   -(G  rL(  5(8"g/:+ % ,&SX8 rL(  5(8"   -(G  B1!U8(  ("* $N(8  :w r$(8  5(" 8 P-(8  "  8  (8

g? ") / "+  "D(.* ( vF  ( 5("+*  r$(+   ( c+ =+R=H )H    -(G

 c6  U8(8  &"OU& * & 1Q   =7 *- D

 d&"2o2oxIR(")Y,&U& > ;Q N= !U& / "S  Q& ( ,& XU&*[(6+5(PT * &,&"+&"C-(8 'l H



0

!G 0

0

0

0

7G0

0









E

+ 

E

F$F$. 9

 +  

)F$F

+

  

  

+

 

1B D(=#4V   /0+  (8   *[(8 & K6D( ) (=+= S(8*-  "8 &"TQ&  (",&(,& LN)   "+,N6! %   ( ,U& "@ =Z  *- D  N(8*- C( = &=7& )  "S "* &H k * &P*2(") 5("+,&D(,&

 ")+ " ) ? EG3F 24242 Q&PV/=&"  Q&N( V= * (R5(",D(,& 8H k =&"+ x /#   " Q&N "P-("+* 2(8 8'  Q&3+ x ") *    =7&")",JJ+ $   'y9 /)+    ",  TQ  + $   Ho2("ST=+&" X(

) " )x  ",3 =Z * 5(8  67& #&"+wQ")O "T+ $h"   * k =D(67  H 0c *;&"D(  ? &F     wed x -FX(8 J )j"4 =7 *-  * &,&"+&"2O     3    ! %& )X( = &"+&"* )x6ST,U ",     ++ "*  =&"  H

  2

= A 

: :    -   10   &" 55

 2* "S (c*&N=7&" "SC$(j/)  "  =7 *-  * ,&"  &"      N  YsR )) " o2( '!U ox) /? s o2o FH k s o2o  O(  -(G P*[(XN) cQC 4=  %) *     67&;F-H IK$ L/& L ( Y :+=+5(" )46S4N ("Lp(M=*  M-?   ,& H