Distributed Data Structures for Peer-to-Peer

"!#%$&'')(*!+(,$&''%- /.0

1 243657598;:7):G= 598A=:TI"E 365aK6>)b=:T3Y,[)8VKY> "j8;:Smn>JH?HBH5=)?'B JdHdn8;: mn>JH?'BH5>? :T>J?'59J:"I*8a36?N=l5 36d b):"=d'E B "`3Y):c=&EH3YbEHK6L&:78A5736K 3Y8A??HBH8;:7O J'K 57?H5T3Ym'KY8VO_>):Vk I*>?[)8;:T57=?'5a>?%)d/36I;5G57J'ITE%=)5G):T:78AI*)O 43 W36?b E8AK6k&8;)b3Y8A5V i36k 1%GI;=)?H?>)): )dHdn>):7): k&k&3Y> 3Y8A5Ò_>):Skl8G=< 5T5 )O EJHkl>): =)?HB =lO_:"3Y8A?HBHKYL^57k&36KY84?(8 'W>):`=4O_>):EH8AKYd'36?b >J=< "c3Y&k&=)?L B8;?'B8;:7O JHK)bK6JWkGL > $DI*8 Mk&=):G?H5:78AK =)JHK6B EH=A[)8Nmn8;8A? I"E>WI O JHK K >)O 8;:T:7>):T5 "`3YJH % "`36K K JH57): ?'BH3Y?H=)K K6>h[)8R=)?'B 57Jd'd>):T< =J:T=b)8AB kl8 W=)?HB %EH=h[)8c?8;[)8;:EH=)B& "j>):T:7L&=mn>J< kRLVO =)k&36K 36=)KBHJ): o q o - =dn8A59):T57EH3Yd :78A573659): dn8;:7O >):Tk&=)?HI*8akl8A=)5TJ:78Akl8A?< [363 3

4; 4 4 o p o q ) ( op o o)o o)q o o

o*

o(

o, o, o* o* o*-

o + ]=)?H=b36?b'=)57ECI*:7>"`BH5 o + ( QS:T>Jd I*>k&kVJH?H36I;=?

q 6 S [) 8;:76 [W 3Y8 " 4< q o 4 J:c=dHdH:7>=)I"E q o \ >k&d'=:T3659>? "c3Y>K

q q q

q q (

q + q

2 - 5

> "j8;:Smn>JH?HBH5 ZcdHdn8;:m>J'?HBH5 "`3YJ?bMBH3 59dn?HI;8;K:TJH36kl573Y>8A??H)O 2 - 5

o 4J:c=dHdH:7>=)I"E q U W3Yd b):T=d'E'5 q % kld'KY8Ak&8A?k O =)36K6J:T8A5 + o 1SB[)8;:T57=:"36=)K O =)36K6J:78A5 ! 8;d/=)3Y:`kl8AI"EH=)?H3657k ]=)36?)O I*>):7:78AI*?b)8A57? - 1c[)8;:T=b)8 I*>?b)8A59? O_>):`=l5T36?bKY8a598A=:"ITE - o 243659):

o*o*-

3'

q q)q q* q, q*

q ( ) pq *-( (( o (( q ( p q * - *( *- p-*- (

p)p)pp pp,q *** o **)(

o 4 \ S6; >dn ?H8A I;? K JH @ 57:T3Y>>) ?Hm'5KY8Ak&5 : 6 oo o !cU3YKY8A>)?b< 36I;:7=)8;K6d'KYL=)M3Y:598A?H5T3Yh[)8;:TK =ALC?8;):T57EH3Yd :78A573659 M5736BH8AB :7>Jk 59>J:"I*8G?>WB8f&)O K636? W5 q ( - E8aBH8;:T3Y[)8ABCK63 ? DBH3657BHJ'K6=: I*>kldn>573Y?N>)O BH=K6=B8A5 ! @ :T36kD=:7LDI*>kldn>?8A?=< "`3YB8fO =)36K6JH:78A5 F:T=)I*? >)O O =)3 KY8AB 598A=:TI"E8A=5 "`36BH8A5 p 43Y>K6=?H5 >)O#m'=)I dn>36?K6=)O Jd'd8;:=)?HB KY>" 8;:`mn>JH?HB'5jO >): b):78;8ABHL T: >Jk&kVJH?H3Y)O 8A?HB JH598;:"5 % ?Ci=)?J'=:7L -*-*- UWEH=c" ? F'=)?H?H36?blKY8;O < c>):7): S=d'59):TK6B 59>>? =O )< d'JH< =)? 8A?HB fdn8;8;: dn8;8;: // KY8 5TEH=:T36?b =)?'B " 8 57=" )Ok&=)?LRBH8AI*8A?):7d'E8AJH5 $ )o & 1S5&>)O =hL op)pq ):78C?B>` " ?'KY>=)BH5l>)Oa=(n=)1

=)?HB q k&36K K63Y>? >)O C>):Td'E8AJH5 @ 8;8;: dn8;8;:457L59??HB )O1/'KY8a5TEH=:T36?b &d':7> 8AI*>K65 59d'=:T8ldH:7>WI*8A575736?bNdn> " 8;:G>)Od'=:TBH=hL 4" 8 598;8l)Oj): W5>)O I*>kld'Jkld'JH): k&=)ITEH3 ?8c36?D=adn8;8;: dn8;8;: 57L59 ?H>`" ?^=)5j= : I;=)?^mn8È8;)b)8A?8;>J'5 "`3Y575736m'KYL [=:7L3 ?b I*>kld'J578A5+57JHI"ER=)5;g BH3659?HI*8A???H?H8AI*?H5 Dd'ELW5736I;=)KB8;[3 I*8A58;J:TI*8R365 JH?H3 )J8AK6LD36B8A?3 /H8AB mL = 8 nO >):c(8 '=)kld'K68 3YJHK6B mn8R= Z ! O_>):4*= " 8;m d'=b)8V>):SJ:TI*8A5 *) + 2 =)k&>?b =)K K J:"I*8 >):G= 598;)O )8;L "j>):"BH5a)O=)I;I*8;dHh[)8 ]mn8 3 ?KY8;:"=)?cK6=:7b)8 )DkVJHITE >? )O#kl8A5 (8 ')d'JHK =:jO >): =l57E>):7WB^>)O#): (8 '=)kld'KY8 W)d'JHK =: " 8;m 5T3YJ:BHJ:T3 ?bc)OP8AKY8;[)8A? k&3 K6K63Y>?^d'=b)8a[W3Y 8 "`5=&B'=AL $ *q - &

; 4 4 - E8]kD=)57573Y[)8]d'=:T=)K6KY8AK 3657k 36? d8;8;: d8;8;:N59LW59? /HbJ:T36?Hb =)?HB k&=)ITEH3 ?8A5 =)?HB :78A59>JH:TI*8A557E>J'K6BGmn8=)BHB8AB =)?HBlBH8AKY8;k0):7< O >):f598A=:TITE'36?bNJH5736?b^=^[=:T3Y8;< LC>)O 59dn8AI;>3 //I;=?H5S365c= [)8;:7L BH8A573Y:T=m'K68Vd':7>)dn8;:7kld'KY(8 ' )J8;:T3Y8A54 KY>I;=J:TI*8A5R57JHI"E =)5a:"=)?b)*8 )J8;:T3Y8A5 #?8A=: kD=):7WB V dn>575736m'KY8 =d d':7>=)ITE8A5G=:78) g @ 3 B 4 4< "È8;:78lk&=)I"EH36?8A5f=:78ld/K6=)I*8AB 36? ):T5 @ =)5dn8;: 'W36kD3Y?):4>J:Sd'J:7dn>598A5 F 36:T59?H5T3Ym'KY8jO_>): 578;:7[3 ?b4?J:TI*8 KY>WI;=? >?D)O=)B >? WB8A5fI;KY>598;:f >)< =)?'B]8;[)8A? = 5T36?bKY8VO =)3 K6J:78 I;=)? d'=:7)):T8S59>k&8c>)O+k )d'JHK6=: " 8;m&573Y>)bKY8 $ ( &'=)?'B X =)E>> $ o,p & dH:7>,[)8 >)):j))): "ÈH3 ITE=:78 I;=)K6KY8AB3Y&5736?HbKY84d'=: ):f=)?L =)J):T3Y?KP>):aI*8A?'59>): )Och[)8;:TK6>=)BH36?b&8;[)8;:TLNkD=)ITEH36?H8G36? k 36?)O I;J< > % aU>^8;[)8A? 3YO J:TI*8 365S=)I*Jd'5N=)?HB 8AKY8AI*< =57Jdn8;: dn8;8;: d'=:757Jd )=S57Jdn8;: dn8;8;:9"`3 K6KI*>k&kVJH?H36I;=kl8 >)O )O H>>WBH36?Hb )=)ITE 3 5a59`" ?&57L59):j>J: I*>?):7): mL $ % $&10 J:TI*8A5G=:T8&8AkGmn8ABHBH8AB%36? 7< E8V>h[)8;:TK =AL ?8;WB8365P:78A59dn>?H5T3Ym'KY8O >):J:TI*8A5P): 365 B>?836?RWB8Ck&=)36?kl8 36?O >):Tk&=? =m>JHJ?8 b):78;8AB'36KYL mL O >):" =:"BH36?b kl8A5757=b)8A54 ): +2 %+ ?V59)O57JHI"E]?H8;,< " >): a5 "c3YB8A5c36?CWB8 H=)?HBN)b B ): :7>JH):T8 " 8 kl>h[)8 >? ^>JH:SI*>?)b):T=)k dH:7>h[W36B8A5G):VI*8A575R d8;:TO_>):Tk KY>WI;=)KjI*>kld/Jk 8A=)ITE>)O 3Y):"5 4I;I;J:7:78A?'I*8A5a)O 8;[)8A??H>JH5`3YO#/'W8AB JdHdn8;:mn>JH?HB >? E>" KY>?bl3Y):È>" kRJHI"E JHK6BK63 )8

=)5757J'kl8c59>k&8SJd'd8;:jmn>JH?HB&>?^?&)O+=akl8A5T57=b)8 + 84=)5757JHkl8`WI*8A57598A5cI;=)? 2 ' 3 8 EH=)KYWB8AK "cE8;:78&dH:T>I*8A57578A5REH=h[)8 57>kl8^kl8;B _O >):VI*>):7:78AI*)O:78A59dn>?H598 O >):R=Ckl8A5T57=b)8^365a>?8"=AL O_>):RWI*8A57598A5N m8%3 B8A?WI*8A575 :78Ak&=)36?H5j36?^):S=)?LC=)KYb)>):"3Y?I*8A5T5 "`3 K6Kk&=)3 ?HKYL I*>?H573657)O 36?O >):Tk&=? =mn>J)Ojk&8A5757=b)8A5 3Y< "j>JHK B mn8 mn8A?8 /'I;36=)K#Ck&36?H3 k&3;8G)O?8A3YbEmn>):T5cd8;:fd':7>I*8A5T5+ =)?HB

36? J)d'5cO >):4= 598A=:TI"E )JH8;:7L =)?'B " 8R8 2436=)k&=)B'3"$ *& % I*>?H5736BH8;:78ABG)O/B8A5T3Yb?H36?b =)? >h[)8;:TK6=hL ?8;)Of=%I*>?H?8AI*? mn8; d>3 ??HK6L >?]JH?HBH5j>?Nkld'KY8(' 3Y< L]>)OKY>WI;=J< O =)3 K6J:78A5R>)O`8A3YB8A5V>):l?H?H8AI*?H5 mn8;JH?HBH5 36?d'=:T" 598 =)?R=m/59WB8AKO >): =`dn8;8;: dn8;8;: ?8;JH:TI*8A5 =)5Vdn>36?)dH:T36=k b):T=d'E >? 36?3 ?)O4= :78A=)KK636?8 =)I"E k&=)I"EH36?8D3 5f8AkGmn8ABHBH8AB =J:"I*8&? h[)8):K636? fO =)36K651"`3Y)m/=m'36K63Y< L @ B$ - EH8;>):78Ak&5`q + =)?'B q p &

p

+ 8`dH:7>h[)8`JHk&8 E8AJH:T3659): I*>?H57J)O`JHGE'=)57E8AB 2 -`5DI;=)? dH:7>h[W36B8 >?'KYLE'=)57E ): )8;L5 "`3Y)WBH3 /H8AB >J:f=dHdH:T>=)ITE (8 'Wd'KY>3Y): "`3Y? =DBH3657,[)8AK BH3657)Oj= m'=)K6=)?'I*8AB ):Tk )J8;:T368A5 m'=)598ABl>? )8;L >):TB8;:T36?Hb h[)8 >?l(8 '3659):"3Y)b "B "`3Y):T8Ak p & + 8f=)K657>Gb3Y[)8S(8 'dn8;:T3 kl8A?):"k&5 " 8AK6K'8;[)8A?N36?D)OP? 8 " O =)36K6JH:78A5 36?H598;:T,[)8D)O ?H8A??HBC36?< $ - E8;>):78Ak&5 o ^=)?HB *o &

$

$

- E8 :78A57)Oj): =)5l= kl8;?HI;K6JHBH8 "c3Y):Ò J)O`:78A578A=:TITE 3 ? )Ocd8;8;: d8;8;:&57L59Nk&8A=)?H5aI*>kld'K68;): 8('EH=)JH59)OP): ^>?D)O5Tk&=)K6KY8;:jb):7>Jd'5j>)O+8A?HB JH598;:T5 m'JH< V?>)KY[)8S): W5 /5TJHITE]=)5 :78ABHJ'?HBH=)?HI*LN=)?HB I;K6JH57):TkVJHK6=)O ):Tk&=)?HI*8

q

>)O Q4?Jkld/=:78A5 =)?L]36?HI*>kD36?b :78) JH8A59WB >)OnB8A5 `" 36K6KW59dn8AI;36=)K63 ;8 36?lKY>WI;=):78 59>)d'EH3 59?8A5lK 3 )8 \1 $ -**& \E>):"B $ * o*& @ =)59): "=:TBH3 ?bld'=)I )8;):T5 2 + D): W5 e 8;O >):78 "j8 (8 'Wd'K6=)36? 2 -`5S3 ? BH8;):T5): 8('):T=?V36?G57d'=)I*8 JH):P=)I;I*8A5T5 ):7b=)?H3 ;8AB 36?lm'JHI )8;?CBH3 5 D): I;=)I"EH36?bfd':7>)I*>K 5 ): :78AK63 =m'KY8 bKY>)m'=)K HI*>?):K6>=)BDm'=)K =)?HI;36?bV=)?HB^?H8A=: MJH?H3YO >):Tk BH3657): "ÈH36K68GJH5736?HbD57k&=)K6K M573;8ABC:T>J)? 32 9: 4< j=)ITE?>WB8DEH=)5R=CJH?H3 )J8 m'3Y< 36B8A?3 /H8;:SBH3Y[W36B8AB]36? DKY8;[)8AK 5c>)O Dm'3Yk&k&>?CBH3Yb3Y575T3Ym'KY84o ! [=)K6J8A5 O >):a)8b 7 :9c=)?HB^:7>J):ldn8;8;: dn8;8;:D59LW59 " 8;[)8;: 36?):T36b36?H=)K57ITEH8Akl8 8A=)ITE :T8A59>J:TI*8 " =)54=)5757>I;36=J:"I*8A5l)O JH>):TBH3 ?H=J MBH36kl8A?H5T3Y>?H=)K \1 "c3YJk ;>?8Rq ;>?H8 JH5736?HbVb):T8;8ABLN:7>J): @ \ 1

B

-#> >3 ? WB8 d'36I W5l= :T=)?HBH>k dn>36?< 36?>):TB'36?H=WB8 - E8SBH36kl8A?H5T3Y>?&=)KY>?b "ÈH36I"E&JH?HB :7>)m/36?NO =)5TEH3Y>? =)k&>?b^=)K6K#dn>57573Ym/KY8fBH36kl8A?H5T3Y>?H5 c>B8RO =)3 K6J:78A5 =:T8VEH=)?'BHKY8ABC36? ): " =:"BH36?bRl): "`3Y)b3 I;=)K6KYL M598A?H573Y?'59)O )dn>598ABDmL cb + 2 4 $ ( & j=)ITEC?H>B8436?C\1 kl8A=)5TJ:78A53YJH?'B )OPdH:T8 MB8;):TBH36?bK6L^d'K =)I*8A5`3Y):TB'36?H=WB8 "`36K6K >36?N):7?N)O )O ?>WB8A5436?]>):TB'36?H=J):T3Y598&36BH8A?3 /'8;:Sk&=598A? :7>>)BH8 '3YO ?DJ):T36Jk ?>WB8 )o qaV?>WB8 q ( &3 557E> "c?CE8;:78 @ =)59>578^598A59< ?>WB8A5 B84365?>)WI*8ABHJ:78 8A?'57J:78A5l>573 ?bCWB8 @ =)5adn8;:a 'W36kD3Y)dH:T36= "c?]36? F 36bJ:78Vo =)ITE :78A57>J:TI*8R3 5`=)K659>^k&=dHdn8AB JH5T36?b&EH=)57E'36?b&>? WB8^3 ?%J36?):`?>WB8fp&36? \EH>):TB 8

F >): O =)JHK6WB8 k&=)36?36I*8A54"ÈH3 ITE k&=)8A5G):Gk&=)3 ?)dn>):7?H=)K ): O_>):^:7>J): "ÈH36K68Vk&=)3 ?): +): R>)O'B8;dH)b KY>)bjKY>)b B "È8;:78j8A=)ITEl?>WB8 :78;dH:78A578A?)OjkRJHK6)OP)O WB8A5 n=)?HB L)8;): U>k&8 (8 '):BLW?H=)k&36IkD=)36?)O kD=b?H3Ykl8a>))dHdn>598AB ^): m>)WB8c3 5j:T8;d'K636I;=kDKYL&=)WB8A5=)?HBN8A=)I"ECd'=:78A?< k&=)36?):"k&=?N=mn>J)O4J:"I*8G=)?HB BH8A598A5Jd^>578A5`598A59)< [W3Y:7): ? )J8;:7Lk&dH:T36598A5+>)OH=)K6K?>WB8A54"`3Y?H59J)d'5O_:T>k 3YJH:TI*8A5 =:78a59):T8AB =< ?>BH8A5 c" E>598fI*>KY>): k&=WB8A5V>)O`KY>): + E'36KY8DJJ:TI*8A5 3 ? 36"`? b):T>Jd =)?HB >?8 I*>?k08;[)8;:7LV>)Jd Ud'=)I*8:78)JH3Y:78Ak&8A?WB8365 @ B =)?HB :T>J)Odn8;8;: dn8;8;:S57L59=)B m'=)K6=)?'I;36?b

o

&+,

&

*( 4 &)

6 6 ;< 4< %? $ o & ): /g @ 3 B 8 + ) & ( /10 `" EH8;:78&kRJ'KY):"5=`" EH3 ITECEH=h[)8Rdn8;:7O >):Tkl8AB j" 8AK6K#36? )O Q4?J):7859>)d'EH3657):"B]598A=:"ITEH36?Hb^36?C2 - 5 j=)ITE )8;L N365`57d'K63YJ:TI*8A5 "`3Y):T8RI*>kld'K68(')J8;:T368A5`57JHI"E =)5 :"=)?b)&8 )JH8;:T3Y8A5 =)?HB ?H8A=:ck&=WI /'KY>k //KY B>8A5S?H>)):7kld'K68(' )JH8;:T3Y8A5n=)?HB k&=hL]=)BHBH36?H=)K6KYL 57J %8;:4O :7>k )m'K68Ak >)O * 2 + % 3 8 +36'W3 k&=I;=598l 8A=)I"E%>)k&d'KY(8 ' )JH8;:T3Y8A5 1 23 - EH8lO_8A=)5736m'36K63Y< L >)Odn8;8;: dn8;8;: " 8;m 36?'B(8 'W3 ?b =)?'B%598A=:TI"EH36?b 3 5aI*>?H5736BH8;:78AB%36? $ q & =)I"E " 8;m B>WI;JHkl8A?): )8;L "j>):TB'5a365 JH?H36O_>):TkDKYL B'3659):"BH5`>k //KYk&36578A5R36? :78A57J'KY< )JH=)K636):4dH:"=)I*JHK6B EH=A[)8^=)? 36kGm/=)K6=)?HI*8l36?

=)B BH3659):S= K6=:7b)8 598;bkl8A?)OK6J?]b3Y[)8A? 36?]):TB BH8A573Yb? 365`)O 4 6 dn8;8;:T5 "cE8;:78 8A=)ITEk&=)I"EH36?8D3 5a=)57573Yb?H8AB%kRJ'KY> ^=< 59>k&8S>)O 598AB O_>):mn8; d/=:T=)BH3Ybk O >):CKY>=)B m'=)K6=)?'I;36?b 1`" E8;:78 8A)= ITE BH=598A5 o E'=)57E O JH?HI*?H5a B8;WB8A5 365PI*>kld/=:78AB =)?HB])b KY>)b KY>)b +- @ B - >a=h[)>36B )O ) J8;:TL36?HbS=)K6K575T3Ym'KY8jd8;8;:"5 B'J:T36?b = 598A=:TITE 8A=)I"E >)Ok ):"3Yb36?H=)K )O`BH3657)O c" EH36ITE I*>?H573657)O>)WB8A5GdH:7>)b):78A575T3Y[)8AKYL O J:7): 1SKYJbE )dHdL%EH=)57EH3 ?b =)KY>?b `" 3Y)O#8A=)I"E :78A59>JH:TI*8Nm8AI;=)J'598N=)B

24

mn8;Vd8;8;:"5 =< :T=)?HB>k=)?HBD36?'3Yh[)8;:"KY>=)B8AB >578]=)B8AB dn8;8;:T5`^57EH8AB 3Y=)B/=)?HB*@ 36363 B 1SK6KY>" 598;[)8;:"=)K>,[)8;:TKY>=)B8AB =)?HB J'?HB8;: KY>=)B8AB dn8;8;:T5R kVJ?Hb 8A=)I"E>)h[)8;:7[W3Y8 " >)OBH3 %n8;:78A?): 36kld'K68Akl8A?):DBH=)m'=)K M57I;=)KY8 dn8;:T5T3659):T57EH36d :78A573657)O ? \E>):TB =)?'B @ =)57)m'I 5 &F'J:7BH3 ?b^36?HO_>):TkD=?]3 ? m'K6>I 5457JHI"E K6KY8AI*59?H5736m'KY8Ò >):`59):"36?bl=)?HB :78;d/K636I;=?):TBH36?H=): 365JH578AB&RB'3Y:78AI*57):"=m'KYL = B8ABH3 I;=WI;=)K?H=)kl8A57d'=)I*8A5G=)?HB KY>?b)8;:G?H=)k&8A5GI;=)?%K63 ? ]kVJHK ):TB O_>):N?H=)kl8]:78A59>K6J? >h[)8;: kVJHKY)OJHK BNb3Y[)8 b)>>B^=ab)>>B KY8;[)8AKH>)O+?H8;JHK6Blmn8`BH3 $DI;JHKY?H5 "È'36ITEN:78AkD=)36?N&mn8a=)BHB:78A5T598ABNmn8;O_>):78a3 kld'KY8Akl8A?)m'KY8Ak BHJ8 =5TJHBHB8A? 36?HI*:78A=)598 36? ):N57>kl8 B'=)dn>573 ?b%): ): =)ITEH8A5DO >):^kVJHKY))Of): K6>=)BH5 $ op & 57E> "c5GB'36?b =dHdH:7>=)I"E

qp

% ? J:l:78

57JHK6): O =)J'KYJH5dn8;8;: dn8;8;:c57L59)O 57JHI"E ?H8;,< " >): 5 &%?]):Tk&=)?HI*8 bJH=:T=)?h[)8;:TK =AL kl8;57< >)O#>JH: :78A57JHK6?HI;J:7:78A?< O =)36K6J:78A5S365f=NB8A5736:T=m'KY8 =)?HB 36kldn>):7): fdn8;:7O >):Tk&5:78A=)59>?H=m'K6L " 8AK6K8;[)8A? "`36)OO =)3 K6J:78A5 + 8R=)K 59>lb3Y[)8a(8 'Wdn8;:T36kl8A?h[W36B8A5c=DEH=)57E J:TI*8A5G dn>36?36?): + 8lI*>?H59) "`? D=lkD36?H36kVJHk - EH8c:78A57)O+J:=m'59 " 8;:lmn>JH?HBH5GO_>):lb):T8;8ABL :7>JHh[)8CJdHdn8;: mn>JH?HBH5a>? b):T8;8ABL%:7>Jh[W36B8f8('Wdn8;:T36kl8A??'BHJHI*?H5V=)?HBO JHJH:=dHdH:7>=)I"EGI*>?H5T3659)OW): `F>):S8A=)ITE :78A59>J:"I*8 ? ))36?WI;=?H5^36? WI;=8CEDR.1J;9y@P> J2%J;.-9k>MQBJ;=-.0 j 20 j 2 9 0 j .9;2K. G.1mnNFQR0.itR469*0;9y>MD9k. G.1J32 5 KL2 = j 46DR.-9-sa0 j .1m%2 565 j 2 9 j ;0 >p0 j . 9;2K.O56>V=820;46> D NFQR0E.-2 = j >8CEDF.1J~=1J;.820;.-9~460;9E>8CEDH46DS7B.-u.-DF7R.-DV05646D a9-

q)q

VIRTUAL ROUTE

NODES

KEYS

v4

VIRTUAL LINKS

v2 v1

PHYSICAL LINKS

HASH ACTUAL ROUTE

v1 v2 v3 v4 v3

PHYSICAL NETWORK (RESOURCES)

VIRTUAL OVERLAY NETWORK

FP3YbJ:78Gq g 1c?C=m/59)O =&BH3 59):7:78A57d>?'BH36?b =)? =m/598A?J:TI*8 %? h[W36?b ?8A=:TmL [)8;:7):78aB8;)O# "0JH598V3Y< O >):c:78A57>J:TI*8 KY>WI;=? V1c5a?H 8 "0kD=)ITEH36?H8A5f=:7:T3Y[)8 +>K B kD=)ITEH36?H8A5fB8;d'=:7< +=)?HB (8 '3659?H8A5a=)KY): 8;[)8A? I*:T=)57E 'JH:TI*8A5 =A[=)36K6=m/KY8G36?NJ:TI*8A5 =)?HB m8^):7:78A59dn>?HBH3 ?b >h[)8;:TK =AL ?8;7< "j>): 1:78 )J8A59WI;=)K63 ;8AB k&=)?H?H8;:Ag I;=)K6I;JHK =WI;=)KS36?O >):Tk&=? ?H=)k&8AKYL 3Y):T5^36? d/=:736?< =)5&I;KY>578 =)5 d>5T573Ym'KY8 -È8^d':7>)m'KY8Ak >)O`:T8A59>J:TI*8CKY>WI;=?365VJ:c=dHdH:7>=)I"E 365573 k&36K6=:D): NmL aKY8A3 ?mn8;:7b $ (*( & 3 ? "ÈH36I"E d>3 ?k =V?>):Tk&=)K63 ;8AB&dn> " 8;: MK6= " B'3659WB8 O_>): " =:TB 8A=)I"E%d'=)I )8;578A59]BH8;d8A?'BH5a>?EH=A[W36?b = I*>kld/KY8;)Ojdn>36?)36?k b):"=d'EH5G3 5ad'=:7)k b):T=d'E'5`=:78VmL ?H=)m/JH59k b):"=d'E 365 b)8A?8;:T=)K KYLD59k&8 kD=)ITEH36?H8A5f36kld'KY8Ak&8A?59< :T=)?HB>k 59):78N>):7b=)?'3 ;8AB BH=36?< -ÈH=I;=? 3 5cdn8;:TkD=)?8A?< nmn>)k&kVJH?H36I;=? 59LW59BH3 /'I;=?H5 f2 - 5 JH598&kD=)ITEH36?H8&36B8A?/H8;:T5f=)?HB%:78A59>J:TI*8 )8;LW5a]B8;)OJH:TI*8A5V:78A59dn8AI*WI;=?C3 ?N=)I"E >)Oh[)8;:"K6=AL ?H8;,< " >): =)?HB 8AkGmn8AB kD=)ITEH36?H8A5c=)?HB :78A59>J:"I*8A5c36?C,[)8;:TK6=hL ?8;,< " >): c> " 8;[)8;: n>J: =dHdH:T>=)ITEDB'3 %8;:"536?l): ÊH=)5jkVJHKY?8Ò >): 8A=)ITE :78A59>J:"I*8c59): B'36I;=)K6KYL ITEH8AI W5a):T5 n3Y59)O+J:TI*8A5 ): Ck&=)36?)OK636? W54dn8;:Gk&=)I"EH36?8 c> " 8;[)8;: ]?>),[3 B8&I*>?I;=)K 3Y EH=)57E J:TI*8 )8;LW5C B8;WI;=?H5?B =)5 3Y):78c36k&d>):T?8a>)O " "j8dH:T8A598A?
J: :T8A57JHKY5 =)5 "j8R:78;O_8;:S )O d>3 ?):T:78A59dn>?HB 8A3Y):j=G:78A59>J:TI*8 c>)): /?>)< = $&% 2 kD=)ITEH36?H8a36?Nh[)8AB J'5736?b =" 8AK6K W?>"c? Jd'd8;:^mn>JH?HB >)O a=:7d + 2 4 $ ( ,p &+>? dH:7>)m/=m'36K63657" = 5T36k&36K6=:c?HBH36?H536? - EH8;>):78Ak q q

@ B & * / # &

$

@ B

% $

+

$

`g .

&

+ %/ 0 2 % 23# .

+$

@q B

& /, " 1 + 10 *#

* 4

- E'365mn>JH?HBCE'=)5`= ?H36I*8ad'ELW5736I;=)K+36?"`? kl8;k ,[)8Gd'=)57kl8Gd>5T3Y? j" 8V=:78G " @ >?%=A[)8;:T=b)8 B >JH:a8A59J:G"j8;:fmn>JH?HB'5`>? :7>JH?H5T36B8;:Sb):78;8ABL :7>JJH?HBH5PO >): b):78;8ABHLl:7>J): K63 ? RBH3 59)O E8;:784=)5j)O+?8

mL^M=)J):c=)?'B )O ? WI*8A575 B8A57I*:"3Ymn8ABR36? 8Ak&k&=aq 3 ?V=)B'BH3Y?R JdHdn8;: mn>JH?HBH5 W=)?HB " 8 "`36K6K?>)?b JHkld/5 >)O kl>):T8R?HBH3Y?'36?bD=b=)36?'59)b (@ KY>)bjKY>)b "B B =)559): K6=:7b)8 [=)K6J8A5S>)O +=NKY> " 8;:fmn>JH?HB]>)O @

B`>? )b

&

p ' '

)4" $

+

* -2 (." / #( - #( /10

0 % $

,# ,*' #( 10-$ ( + + +$) $

& ,

@

B 4

+ 3Y):j8A=)ITE ?>BH8 " 8cI;=)?&:T8A=)ITEN=57< 4?>WB8A5j=?

F >):aI*>?'59k&8D>)O57)O4=)5757JHkD36?b 36?HB8;dn8A?HBH8A?HI*8 =)?'B 59LkDkl8;):`K6=:Tb)8;: g "`36)b "B >?HK6L^KY>)b K6>)b O =)I*):"5 598;d'=:"=)O b)8A?8;:T=)K63Y< L " 8R=)5757J'kl8a? =Rb):"=d'E "`3YJH?HBH=:7*L "È8A? ):TB $ * *o & B 4JH:c:78A5TJHKY):f?H8 M5736B8AB I;=)598l):S " = KY> "j8;: mn>JH?'BD>)O @ KY>)b (@ KY>)bjK6>)b "B B >?N598A?JH?H3YO >):Tk&K6LCO_:T>k M5T36B8AB :7>J "j8;:Gm>J'?HB >)O @ KY>)b (@ KY>)b KY>)b "B B "`36kl8

.2 9k9kQRK./0 j 20EDF>a7R.19?2J;. 5WB8a"=:TBH5c ? "È8;? 8AI*):`m>)B8AK 5

2

-

+

&

6

0) $ $ % - & " "2 2 $

"/ 01 + +4

+

+ * / 01 +' + $ % & & + 23 * #( ( # + $

( $ - + + 2 +5& $ 4#$ ( 1 ' '0) #( 10- + #( 0& /1023/(. ! *+ ' $"! #14 +

*+ , +$

%

&

10 $ + # *+ 23 *

$ &

$ & - #( / 0 $(

5 & / 0 +

+

+ 10

@ q o:B p

/ " +$

/

@ q q:B

6 =

2 # 10, $+!' $ 2

6 p

+ #(

p4

' 6K6K >)>)bb KY>) b )

p

$ & - # 10 $

( 5 $

(' nK66K )> >)b b KY >) b * ) &

-,

$

$

$ 2 #& # 2 .!

/ # ) 2

!0/"

/+

& & + 4

+ 8C=)K657>]mn8AK63Y8;[)8 ?K B 36?EH3YbEH8;:VBH3 kl8A?H573Y>?'5a? ):=R598A=:"ITEN>)dn8;:T= ? 36? =l5T36kld'KY84kl8;WB8A5l=:78 KY>WI;=WB8 3 5VI*>?'?8AI*?V8A3Y?HbM BH3659):T5 ;8 < ^mn8 ):T5S=:78&I"E>598A?%=)54dn8;:4" 8;: K = "B'3659598A? "`3Y)dn>):7?H=)K&BH8 I*>?H?8AI*598A? c" 3Y)m'=m'3 K63Y)O#JH5T36?b 8A&k k&=&q + 8 36?HI;K JHB8S>)Omn8AKY>" O >):Ì*>kld'KY8;? MB8AI*:78A=)5736?Hb p

PF 3YbJ:78Vq qg 1cK6K575T3Ym'KY8f?>WB8A5 598;:fNJ)d'5Vdn8;: 598A=:TI"E mL JH5736?Hb%kRJHK6^b3Y[)8V)m'JH57 G=C:T=)?Hb)8A5;g $ KY>)b & =)?HB ,@ KY>)b & p' ' 8;J)d'5GO_>):V)O = dn>KYLWKY>)b=:T3Y)OfK636? W5 c> " 8;[)8;:È8]JH598A5&= kl>):78 I*>kld/K636I;=):"3Y): :7>J)m'):`)OP=^K636?8 BjJH5T36?bl>?HKYL b):78;8ABL :T>Jh[)8 )b B `- E8am'=)573 Ia36B8A=DO_>):c>)O I*>kl8A5cO_:T>k aKY8A3 ?mn8;:7b * 5 k&>B8AK $ (*( &

q

aKY8A3 ?mn8;:7b

*I >?'5736B8;:T5V= J)OJH?HB >)O @ K6>)b "B`>?])O :7>J)d'5SO >): :7>JWB8AK P8A=)ITE ?H>B8 EH=)5 ^KY>?bMBH3 59):T5RITE>578A? "`3Y)m'=m'36K 3Y?])OG59)b B F>): @ KY>)b & p ' ' "j8 JH598 = B8;WB8A5 36?mn>)k )b 7 "B 4

& 23/(.

1

4

$

$(

mn8

7< E8DBH3657)OjBH8A5a36? J)OVJH:TI*8 ?>BH8 =)?'B p F>): 8A=)I"E

YK >)b 7 c57JHI"E&" 8A=)I"E^?>WB8 365I*>?H?H8AI*)d'5mL =)b67 "B

aL! 4

FH=)36K J:78A536?&): 23/. O =)36K6J:78A5 "ÈH3 ITE =:78 ? = k&=)ITE'36?8C):"k&5436? )O K KY>"`54=N)O k&=)I"EH36?8A5jJH?): >): m'=)I K6J? 365fCdH:T>h[W36B8lO =)JHKY):TaEH8AKYd&a8AK63 k&36?H= :78AK6=): %O :7>k )O 59>kl8S>)k?>WB8A5j36?&)O =)?HB^3 ?&): lm'J): "j>):T578 K6368&=m>JH): + 8RB8;O 8;: )O B8A=)K636?b "`36): &36?D)O+K 36? VO =)36K J:78A536?Dh[)8;:"K6=AL ?8;): I*>?H?8AI*? mn8; k&=)I"EH36?8A54)O:T>J)d'5 dn8;:c578A=:TITE 36? I;=)598^ " 8;[)8;: "j8D5TE>" ?bMB'3659?bMBH3659)m'=m'36K 3Y>)O+365 =)KY>?bV5736k&3 K6=:jK63 ?8A5 =)5 >J: dH:7>>)O O_>):)O?>VO =)3 K6J:78A5 1% ?)OBH8 =)5`36?bMBH3657): 365 =?'5736B8;:`K 36? DO =)36K6JH:78A5b3Y[)8A? 598 =)5c36?bMBH3 59): )m/=m'36K63Y< Ll)b "B@ B) @ KY>)b B + 8NJH)d'5 -#> k&= )8 )b 7 "B 2 $ & $ 2 (. /? 1

4 /* $

6 =2 -*' 23/(. +/ 0 $

+ $( , ( 1 1 1 # +,* #( / 0"$ ( $& $ 1 '/ @ "B @31 B 4 2

+ $

# *2 (.

8

;8 h[)8;:"36?b BH3659h[)8;:c=lBH3659? %? b)8A?8;:"=)K >2! ^:_a`cb@d._efaf%gih_%jk6lm_nopkrq hs`tbuhtq]j & ) N > 32 v8 B xw 2 7

>

*'

2

>O y* zF

{ > 32 v8E7 '

>' 3 2 > H2

>O y* | }O 3

; ~{ q]blmq]du3cZ UuUZQNS[yZ W!ZV>ERc}ZSX Z yDtZ UcZ!V{RTS[yZ|!ZTX Z Z RUu#aUTX SyV WaUa\ V>R@[V>WWRTS[yZ{WY%RHS>RWY\MUSZ!%UaR zR@S[yZ c}ZRU}ZxZ!Z!UvZ[R}x!Z X:S X S>Ua%R]z]S|ZX & Z!V>X ¡D#UN¢£RTS[yZ4 # $a¤¦ ¥ ( §Blmbub¨!©ªI @ ;]) M«p¬% @ ,?® ?%2323 ¯ ¬6¹ ´ ¬r´ ¹ ¬ ´ ¹¬ ´ ¬ ´ y ¦ º > ¦ ½ » ¼ ¬ ² t ³ ´ ²

µ c ¶ µ 3 ² t ³ ´ 3 ² t ³ ´ 3 ² ³ & Q ²

µ c ¶ µ < ² µ µ ² B , Ç 3 * 23) = ' 2 ' 1 <2 9: 28 : ; L 238 K)J 242 ' > = m)J ?

2

) Q

: Q) >!! È À

}q `tq lmefD¨ve_afaotlrq]j I 5 28'Q B 323 ':2 2 9 423 ) M2

{ 5 :* 1) 8 | 65 L2 D (F c2 9{ 324 (P' 7 3

*' (* '2 | |2 9 32, ] 5 Q :2 28 ) ,E 5 '8 y* Q ! 2 9z 32 ,238 ' 32 v8M >

8 ) 1 28 2 9)

F E E 324 :* , ) #) 8 |2

! (Ç} * AN Q { 3 | $ ) H 42 ( 5 68) a 2t2 9H A > 32 8H ) x > 42 v8 zA

) >2 { 4

{ 3 ) H! > 32 v8 ) > , : %* =? N2 3 28 ) % x) 2

H 3c

1 ? { 3 1 Q ] ! B

N]8

y* F { 2 8 , :r5 NÂ a B!

2

) 1 y8

HT EI H

) Q 32 8 2 ;}) &

5 ' 238 !@' )2 & 3 MP

B2 ? : ~{ q]blmq]du cZU(U}ZNS[yZ Wt!Z Vm|RÁcZS>XZ y >¡(VRT[NW3Z UDZV RTS6[yZ V>W*#U TX SyV WaUa\ c}ZRU}Z Z!Z!UvZ![:R}x!Z XLS½ |X S>Ua%R :]S7DZ X?ZV>X y¡(#U{¢R@S[yZL% #$ 2 ¥ ¢ % $ Â &)(( & B§ lmbub¨!© 1Å) >9 MT :Â | ) 235 Â 2 N) !>32v8 MT 1

:Â N= ;]) Å MT QÂ 5 > 25 $ ! > 232382 928 { 65 È

32

35 z 8

(

¿ Å HÃu°

M5>8

¸

$ Â (

¹

¿ Å?Ã ° ³t´ ° ³t´ Æ ³t´

Â

$

¸

(

¿ Å H * Ã ° Ä

Â & &)(

¹ $ Â & &)( ¹ $ Â & &)( ¸ ¹ $ Â D¼ ´ ° $ & &)( $ Â ¸ ( &)( ³t´ ¸ ¸ ´ ¼ ¿ $ Â Ã Æ $ ( $ Â &)( & ¸ &)( ¸ ° $ $ Â ¸ ( &)( Ä

238 ;])

Á y5 28 * 2 >32 8x)

N 2 | >32 8x 7 L)

2 5 B'

' 8 G ¿ 23 E¢*Ã2 >O N2 9 % ¤ ¦ I : $ 2 ¢ ( ;]) # $ 2 ¥ ¢ % $ Â &)((

: ¸ F x ' ' 4 32 v8 5 ?] ! 4232 m)J ] )

: ' ' >238 $

!#"%$&'(')*+,.-/+,0$&1(23.4657(08.*89');: { 2 8 ; ) v8 2924 y8 5 ' 3 NA )

" $ %$# $ A ( ( # $ A ( {) |A LI )

3 > 7 x ! :' '> 7

5>' Ç ! 4 {2 9 2 5

!i5 ; , ! 4 M{ 5 3 ?* 3 >

A) ® O * % ?Az! O* ?

2 9

5 ' ?@ Ov2 ;}@ ,

]8:!

>!7 2 ' F * , E' , A:

'& 42 v8 * 2 ?w 5 | 9 :2 9 B2 9 > 28 >T2

H2 Ç] ' 8 232 2 2 >2 z2 9

|A

@ ,LI 5 >!2 * @' 8

z2 9 NA 8H 65 :A¯

23 2

) Q

:2 9 +* 2 -, 5 %! * ) >!' 5

)(Q 7x*

5 ' @ Ov2 ' 3 ;}*

. )(

F ] :| 2 9 {% 7 * 3232 2 ) ;})

] ) x2 9 AM $ ?I >6;

) ( p2 9

DA 8N

/% N' >32 v8 AH ?®

:2 9 1024¬4369 587 ;}) M 'T $ ( # :2 8 A 7N! :* , x' * 1A & # ]8 7 '

B ;

:2 9 N) L 2 ]8 N2 9 NA E= B! 3 B 2 9 N 2

5>8 I ' 8 32 9 {Ç >' > Z U:V>W ¿ È Ã F 9 :8; :W ¿ Ã T 32 > 7 x '

2 2

>O B2 9 # z> 32 8 %$# EI x2

>O 2 9 # ´ , ' # ¥ >'52 H ' 2 ; 2 9 >32 8 & ¥ % $ & ´ & ¥ ( ¸ ²& ° %$# ² 2 9 HI ; { 2 T2 :2

>O |2 9 (D ® y*' # ´ # ¥ Ä Ä Ä # ¬,#I

QA ¬ ¼ ´ '

12 9% 2

Q ;

12 9 # ¬ 2

9 A M >32 8 & ¬ ¼ ´ % 7³t¼ ´ ´ & = '352 ; ' '{ 2 ± $ ¿ È Ã w? 5 t > 42 v8 { : & ® ;

& ¥% & ´ & ¥( ¸ 2

>O 2 À 9 '

M!]

H A 1I :!]

5 ' 1* Ov2 ;}*

¬ ! 2 ?2 9 # ² Æ ¶ Æ ® z!>32v8 & ² % ± ³t´ & 32 v8 B2 9 1A : 1 T2 ;

12 9 ¬ ¬ ¼ ´ ? 3 $ ¬ ² 2 9 A 2 $ ² # & % ± 7³t´ & ( µ & ¼ ´ % ± 7³t´ & ( 68 y8 ;

{2 9 A > 32 8 Â & ¬ ¼ ´ % ± ¬ ³t¼ ´ ´ & = 3 B

! !' 2 ' 8 % y5 >' 8 4 2328

>!' 5 ¯ x2 9 ¶ ² # > 32 8 y5 28* 3 2 # ² <

M 65 ®.2

>O 2 9 B232

{ 2 ¯

%( ¿ 2 2 9

¶ z2 9 AÃª° %( ¿ N2 9 ¶ ) % 1A >'35½Ã Â (% ¿ x2 9 ¶ > ?A >'5½Ã ° ¬& ² Â ¬ &¼ ² ´ ± 7³t² ´ & ± ¬ ³t´ ´ & ° ¬& µ & ¬ ¼¼ ´ ± 7³t´ & ± 7³t´ & I ' E ' 3 ) % 3 ! 32328

y*' ! 9 8 > 3242 2 35 ÁÇ} @

*'{ 5z 32 >*65 M ' 4 { 7 H

9 2 9 F :

*' 1 5 x 32 N 1 O

È*

23

9 =t 28 1) ' L B 3 ' 3 x ! 2428yO * 2

9?¢ ° ´ ) ' @ , 2 > 23 !)

238 2 ' N%|2 9 D2 ! ' >MM À ÄÀ

Probability of link

1e-01 Derived Ideal

1e-02 1e-03 1e-04 1e-05 1e-06 1e-07 1e-08 1e00

1e01

1e02 1e03 1e04 Length of link

1e05

1e06

]¯t= '3 |2

>O 2 9* ]8

5 ' O ' 3 $ '5 ( :> 2 y5 ' B* Ov2 '3 ;}*

, $ F 2 ( 0.005 Error

Absolute error

0.000 -0.005 -0.010 -0.015 -0.020 1e00

1e01

¯#= > 24 #)

2 ;}*

1e02 1e03 1e04 Length of link

1e05

1e06

'35 : '3 2

5 ' Q* O

ÈÈ

I 2 ) ' ;]) ' , 2 ' 52 9 T2 ' 8@¯ ! MS>W[yZU2 9 2 2 9

= H) ' H ' 8 2 N 1) ' |c Q' 2 ' 8 '3 5 KO 238 #I B 2 D) x 2

N) 1' 2 T = 1 2 :) H ? 2 9 8 % '

ZUEV>W ¿ + Ãp M N 7 À * )B , 2 5 ' '> y8 3'>2 ' ,

5 v8 z > 42 v8 2 2 > J ' M , ' 2 5 x' ! 9 | 2 ½O 2 ' z! ' > 7 >) z 7 ' > £) % x

2 9 238 '32 > ! 2 ) B 2 H

/

)

=t L) ' Lt ! L | 323 , { 2

9 B¢° ´ >24 2 52 F% 2 52 !

*' 23 ¢ $ ( 2

>O {2 9 ! ?)

5 ' x* Ov2 ;}*

, ;}2 Ç * ?

3238M 8% >

! '

*| 2 > F ! ' 2 9 N >% ! ' & 32 I Á ) 238 ! z' 7 N 32 :) 75 23 & :'

' 2 2 5 '

À À À ! { 2 65 ' ] ) BÀ !7 ] Q 32 > !7 I 1 323 ' 8 ? >T2 xP N2 5

y* 2 > 2 {I :* T2 Mr5 ! LT2 232 ¯

?= ' >7!

N238!] 25 È

8

25 B 1' 2 $ 32>

8] 7 ){!

' 8 2 ¿ >Ã ( :I x 8 28 7 H' | !7 * !

H 32 ) 12 '

%' 3 E 42 >!! & ' £1 32 F !9 ' !9

35 PT , :r5 ,

&

) Q 323 { : > x ¯ 32 À

4232 2 32 >7! = :' 2 > x5 8 '

À È '

2 )

8 9 '9

28 3 2328

Number of routing hops

17 Failed Search Random Re-route Backtracking

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 0.0

0.1

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Fraction of failed nodes

0.8

+]¯= 65 ' ] Dc!

{D% ! a 2 >!! ' z 32

) Qt!

N Q% a 2 >7! ?5 ' 1%

32 w

9 232 323 5 ] ) T!

232 ; !9 9

BI : E'

5

) c

L { ! D> 32 8 D 323 ' B= > ?) >!! L 32 {

! $ N !

N 2 23) 2 5 ] Q

: ( +

Fraction of failed searches

'

{ x

1.0 0.9

Constructed Network Ideal network

0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Probability of node failure

¯ :>' N% D 32 >!! 2 9z À !

' 3 5 Ç

È

!9

I 2 N> >!7z) ' | 2 9 D

9 7

| ' 3 5 Ç #I |' (p ! À

9x ´ * 2328 232

? ' 4

x 25 ÀÀÀÀ ' < M' N238N! =? >!! ' 3 E'! { 32

32 > P' ' 8 >!2 ;} !

) L 42 >!7 > 42 v8. M 423 ' I À

9 7

3 ?) ' 232 2

!9 5

+

3 NVX2

?

@

!#"%$ #"%$&#"%$ )( *+ #"%$

#"%$'#"%$ #"%$ , *- #"%$'#"%$ #"%$ #"%$

8

H

3->

2:

-3-43

63-

=

(

%3 +

YZ3

È+

H

-H

>

JI

3*

3-

A

3 E3D;63

R

;

3

2-

=

N

3- HK;63

+%3N%3

-3-

@

3- LM

A

D

Q

@;K3 E3?

3 + ,

U2V3

¯8 2 * E 8 ! = >2 > # 2 E@ I : 3 8 : 323 Q#2 >O 2 9 ° #$ 2 ¢ ( I 65 ! 8x r5 !2 8 D9 > 3 : >!28 2 ! s >!7 B O >O 8 5 y8 2 2 ?* 2 2 9 8 5 * Ov2 T ;}@ 2 N 2 I :* P x 2 % 7

#"%$ #"%$0 7#"%$ 8 90:#"%$ 8

263

= >T2

#"%$

&3;3

/.

D # $ 2 ¥ ¢ ( " $5 » ¦ #$ " $ » 5 ( 5 # $ ¦ ( #$ » ¦ 5 ( ¦( # $ #$ » ¦ 5 (

¿ 2 D¢*Ã $ 2 ¢ ¢ Ã ¿ 2 D ¢*Ã $ 2 ¢ ¢ Ã ¿ 2 D ¢*Ã

9x > 32 v8 & > 32 v8 &

12

+6H

43

?

QP

A

@5,3 E3

G2

H

3

+>2 %3-

C=

0

=

+

S3

HO C T %3

A

%3 +E3

3

A & 3N 6

3->

C63 >

=

V

FG

E9 D 8 3242 2 : 28 >28 O 2 3 2 39 2 7 2 N* 32 8 32 > D 2 E9.%: O 2 I 2 Á H 2y8 3 2 H 7 2 ? 4! E 2 242 ! 1 5 4 % T2 3 > 2 8 3 2 7 E!9yO 32 L% >!! 7 : 2 232 N23] >]8 ! { 5 ¿ Ã ( ;} 2} 2 ] $ 2 2 2 ! > >!7 7 ! ? !9 9 28 :!65 !% >!7 ? 323 F D 2 2 8 8Á% 2328 D x (u 32 >7! 3 D 2 8 8 L 8 ! 8 > 65 >T2 2 9 y8 8zT |

8 323

3

AG

- H

-M

3

3P>

-3 +E3

+3Q3

U3

3

3

-3-

@

3

%3

3

5

2

>

3

+63

- +

(

+

E3

&3-

?

-3-

A

=

3

À

>

63-

3-2

U

3

%3-

A

- A

3

3

- V+> -3

52F3

HM-

Q3 U

C>

H

3

-M

W

H

%3D2

3 E3

;63

@

+M

3

=

H

3

63 M

AB3 E3W

H >63

H--

3

3 %3 +E3

H%3

5

=

W3

63-P

%3-2

N

3

3- H

%3-

-3-

&3

H

3

%3-2

'

M

%3 C

(

- H R

C=

&3

(

=

=

- A

&3 C

6 &3P

P%3-

H

- H ?3

3 U3

3 + Q

L

+

@

-;EH %3

3

-6H

93- H A

:&3-

G

F 7 > }; 2 2 ? >2 ! 232 9 3 >z :T2 : O >O 8 U3 2

3

>

E3->%3

:G

93

H

A

D3

2>63-E3- H

M ' F +

;

-3 +

3

&3-

3-

S3

A

; %3

A

*

H

=

W D1 !#"$

;}2 (Q > &% { O >O 8 2 39 ( ¿ + È Ã (Ã % ½O 8 ¿ ++mÃ = > 8 ¿(' % È Ã 4 68 ¿ mÃ >2 > 7M : O >O 8 =? : 3 E9 B 5 v8{ ? 4! ! # 8 D9 =t 65 72 8 >T % 3 3! ! > = 2] 3 # ! r5 !2 8 D9 > ? 8 5 23 E P 9 8 D 5 28 F D9 2 9 (O2 ¯ ' w > * ! F ( x :! > 32 v8 ! L * T2 N $ ' 23 ( µ ¢ % 9 8 =? c 65 2 23 2 : ¸ % F 3P $ % ; :2 QF % (D

3

SG B

3

%3

A

-3

=

E

M3

3

?

R

2

3

F3-

K

K

3

>

3*

2

3

+>

G43

G3

A

3

;

&3-63

3 2

D

3*

H

=

SG

3*

3 C

SG

R2D3

=

3

P >3

93-

3

R2P3

M

2%3 +

P

3 + ,

3

'%3

A

+E3- HM3

+D

S3

A

H

&3-

G

+

3

43

>

AE3- H

'G

SG

L3

P +

%3

3

3

H

=

/3

93- HF?3*

2 P>

=

R

2

=

H

F

H -

W3

93- H>

,3 M

M E

3- HG 2

3

563

>

T;63

A

P P3 E3;

C43

H%3

H >3

C

=

N

!E3!

A2 P

6

3-;

D

=

63-

AG + Q

3 !3 E3

:G 2

3

V

E3

+

=

43-

+

'

G 3

Z

+

-3 +

3

D N28 r5 !2 8 4 { 2 D

8 2 7 2 % D9 3

PN3

3- H W

3*

+

-

V

3

3 +

3

3

=

63

B3 E3AG 63

3 E3!2!>&3-

A

, 3,

3-

A

2

3

=

w 5 c ! N 2 ! T2 ! 9 8 r8 Ljekr_ef fbefa_%k7g Ç] 2t2] 2 v8 v8 ? 2 ! > 2} 2 7 N ! ; :2 3 ! > ½O D9 22} 2 8 ! " D 2 23] 2 7 L ! F >!! 8N 7 ¶ ' ¸ 28 ]8 >!! % ! ¶ E!9 D 2 >2 3 %! P >!! :r5 !% >!! = a 2 v8 2 >T2 3 ! ! z F > 1 w|= T 3232 > ! x 2} 65 !2 8 E!9 E >!! 4232 :T2 28 D 7M 2 !68 9 8 w|= 8 328 * :2 ; 7 > 7 {9 8 9 8 : H >!; 1 1 328 >2 3 3 ! L5 Ç} 7 8 O 2 5 2 2 4 $ ;}2 £Ç 3 * ( H2 8 H > ] F ! 68 9 8z N r5 232 2323 :% :T2 !238 >!7 H 23 2 w= Q 8z : ! 2} D ! @

:G

E3-

=

3

!2

3

LM43-2

M

E3

93

H

3

3

3 K

3

+%3!

H

+ =

AE3- H

63-

+

63

;

93

+

+

#

3

-

V

2 G

-

3

G'

3 E3,

H

6

>

A

T

%3

AE3

E

G

'

H

AG3

3

H&3-

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

=

;-

P 3

+

3

;

@;

=

G

- N

>E3

C- H V

3 E3

3

AE3- H

A

Q %3 C 93- H

>-

-3

H

2 U

>

93

3

3

-M -3

H

E3-F-3

-3-2

E3

=

-

%3

3K

E

AE3- H

,3

,;63 M

G5;63

':G

Q

AE3- H 5F3

H43 C%3AG

&3

;

=

63- H

+

+

+

3

+M

=

A

=

H

I : 2* : O >O 232 :j%p_&('Tlre : 5 {65 5 Á 5 # 3 2 ! 9 >T B 282 > * :* 28 N !

=

&3

'

3 >

H%3-

3-

Q

HV3

93- H

U3

G13

+

+2

53

-3

'

-3-

/3

=

! D' $

93

3

'

3

A 3

A

3?3

=

2

>E3

>&3

,3

A2E3

>

E3

3

H

F,

'-3

3

+ ?

E3-L%3

3

%3

,P3

AE3- H

G

G1 R3

!

3

F

;;

-3 F

=

G P5 >

>3

A 63 G

+

H

93- H 263

;3

E3-

+>E3- H

%3

AE3

63-U

A 263

E3-

=

3

+

3- H

S3

A

E43-E

A

-3-&3 G 3

HV3

3

H

5

A

H

D9H 3 ! ;]T2 9 > 32 zÇ * 7 ! 23] { 8 3 2 > 3 > 3 % >* ! 9 8 N 2 !

3*

93

)%

=

%3 +

?

3

3

3

3

-

-3

E3->%3

3- 2

93

93- H

AE3- HL

H C63 >

H C63 > K

V V +

E3-5%3

3-

H

2

AG

T3

C>E3- H

E3

G

=

+

/G1

363-

> > 7. 9 > = 8 2% >2 3 7 | 7 >!7 Ç]9 > 2 * ybTd fq ocq]l>_%q]j ! }2} B ! ? 9 8 D2 3P = D * :2 ; O >O O 8 8 @ T > 32 423 ¯ 9 > 2 :65 2 :2 > % 3 À

563

=

%3

-

Z

K

3

E

,63-

A 3

'

G

+ ?

93

'%3

93

U%3-

%3

H

'

+E3

H

13

'

&3

H43 C%3AG

+

@;

3 S3

=

H

H

P3

++

U C

=

+ , T

AV

=

+

2 AE3- H

P +

3T3

T3

=

93- H C

-3

E

HM

-3-2

B

3

AE3-

K +

=

2

43

P

+AG

H

H

-3-

H

43-

@

3

+63 MT2

93- H

+

U243

;3

H

63-2

3

>

H

A 4 3

%3,V

-3-

+3- +

E3 +

3 E35

W3

- & 33 !

2,%3-

'-3

H

H

V&3

A

U

+ : G& G =# =

'

+ 93- H

%3?

3 3- ;

N

-

=

@5- G

K C

QM

=

D

- G

63-?

+

-6H >> %3

' +

+ 93- H

:G

C

>AG

=

2>3

63

U '

E

A

R

%3

* %3

H-

D

%3- H

2

A

-3-F

S3

3

-3

;63 M A

3

L

93- H

2 AE3- H

+

63-

+

=

' K +

=

H

' F +

-3- D

C

3

,

=

3

= > 2 5 2 ¶ 28 P; > 32 8 & F À 28 Ov2 9 9 M2 7 z {* ! {* % !2 ? 37 > > c 2 5 2 * ;] 2 , 65 ´ ¹ ¥ * 1 = 2 @4LF J8 *F)(2#231(F)F,*83B$A B F(:L 1(084 5 " $ 2 (¢ (!7 > > B >!8 { ! ( L O 2 2 9 8 8 ? % v81 ¿ *>Ã I 32 z23 M* P : > ]8 9 3 > 42 > 8 9 > 2 x : 2 " $ 23 ¢ ( 5 { @ ! I 5 % 2 P 3 9 > %( 28 ? 3!H2 C 2 ? 232 8 d.q}d n(q lmj &_ Tq k6bTl $ C ( I 9 $ C ( P D r5 P; 2 > 2 N 4 238 #$ 23 ¢ ( 2 x P;{ $ C ( 65 =? : M5 5 82 9 x 2 9 >T |2 > 2 ]8 P D C 2 2 > 2 ]8 28 : P; $ C ( =t >* ! 2328 3242 P 2 > 2 242 P D |7 > 2 232 P D I x 5 2! > D > E 2 ´ ¥ 2 N y °

Ä

Ä Ä G F 9 À ¶ ¶ P;: c2 ¶ I : 8 D F pA > * D A pA { P;x A ° A I ² ¶ O z7 > ? E I ´ ¥ % N H P; $ * 28 : 8 ( D ´ ¥ 9 3 > * 2 5 2 2 8 28 Ov2 9 2 · 1 232 { * % F 2 ! 28 Ov2 9 È +E3- H

2

T

3- A

E3

+3

3

@

H -

3 K2

H&3

-35

3

+E3

3

S3

3

3

'3

3

=

W

V3

CE

U H

G H

63

G

+ 3- 3

; /

M

H

3

93

V

DD

=

=

H H

3

C

H

3 E3

25

Q

3

-E3-2

-

H

63- H

3

-3-,P

3

-3

+63

=

+D2

=# =

H>

=

3

+

3

63

AG&3

;P

3%3 H

6

=

D 6? R

G %3- +3-

G&563

3

; =

H-+

=

+ JG

H +%3

W

G

H

GE

3

C63

=

G

,3

3

3

+ 93

K

3

3-E3- H

+ 93

;3 >

=

3

H

A

3 >

+63

=

3

=

W2P

C>63

+2-

+

H +%3-

3

AG' +63

' P +

=

63 U

H>

N

G

3-

-3

;

3

3- H V3 E3

3 N

3

-3-

+

A

3

A

W3

3

+>

A

=

+ 93-

2%3-

C=

93

2

=

93

'

P F +

M2

- & 33

+

-

A

;63

!

E3-Q-3

3*

-3- A

93- H

GD

+

=

+E

'

3

3

3

+ 3

3 N

H243-

G M

T '

!3 E3

93- HW-E3- '2

G& C63

H

V H

+E

2

'Q

+ 93

353 %3

H

H

&3;3 F

+

3 E3

-3 +

3AG& 3

,

=

M

+

63- H

2

C 3

+

X-> +63

H

V

3

63

;63 M

H

3AG

3

;63

3 E3;

H

C=

U +

JG13

--

+M

63,3

+63 >

=

F

53

A

3 E3T

=

#"%$

+

M>

>2 E3-

V

=

+

, H

H

V3

@

:GT3

JG

E3

!-M

+3

>

+E3-

@

%3-

93- H

- H

Z ' Z +

- H 4

3- HF3

>3-

=

B3

AG V

>

E3

G

H

GH

A

+

H

Q2

3

+

V3 M

A

93 F3 V '

3 E3

-3- &

-3 G3

H +%3-

2 · 232C.% 3! H P; $ C ( H I 68 > 4 2 >?2 · > ?(2 5 2 ¶ ]° ¶ = 5 P 328 28 Ov2 9 2 2 :T2 @ 28 · L2 D > 9 3 > N 238 328 · T28yOv2 9 2 ! Q 5 > 5 > >2 7 · 2 5 > >2 -3

H43-2 Q

-3-

-3-

3

2%3

2

'

Z

3 E3

E +

2 -3

93

+

Q

A

A

3

G12

2,H

=

F3

H

;3

93

+;

+

63

%3

E +

3* F

:G

=

-

3 E3!

M

%3-

H

-2

E3

2

+

;

>

&3-E3- HG H

5

CE3

3

&3

=

H

?

C

=

H

=

21

33

10

01

48

75

99

00

00

11

11

21

75

99

10

11

11

MEMBERSHIP VECTOR 13 00

SKIP LIST

6 * = %]¯

LEVEL 2

13

33

48

01

00

13

21

33

48

75

99

00

10

01

00

11

11

LEVEL 0

H¢M° 23 (¢|° 2 5 2 I 2 9H 9 > >T C ? 5 C > · P C'& |2 @ 25 2¶ T 5 28 · ² @ 3 7 ; I 3232 ? C ² EC & 2 y* k6l>_q ¿ %+ mÃ} 9 {2 ! > 2 2 5 2 F 9z 9 2 | 2328 E 5 > >2 · · ´ · ¥ Ä Ä Ä ? 5 24 · ² 2 5 2 ¶ 2 5 ¯ Dq]dd e c cZU · 7ZV7r £X V7 #aU VW }Vy!ZU 1 cS>XVR\ G u¡{UZ Z ZRTZ ¹ · · ´ · ¥ Ä Ä Ä ¡(}ZXZNZVy · ² ° · ² ¡4Vx!m WY4U#aU}V>X V>xZ UvZ X & ° ´ §Blm bub¨! © E8 ¶ = 2 · 2 · ? 37 2 232 C > > · ² $ C ( ¶ ° ¶ T 5 } A

%3

N

3 V

3

+ E3-

R

=

3

=

3 H

2?3

&3

H

=# =

+

+2

G

H

=

-

3

=

G

F

-3

G

6

H-

3

A

CE3

:G

CE3

+-3

+

E3

=

%3-13 E3B

H

3*

O K

H

E3

+

) +6 &3R

=

C6 435

G

AE3-

6

25

35

>

3

2

G

H

%3

3

2%3AG

93- H

+

)

-

P

F

-

3

-+ H 2

F;3

+

; +63

3 2

C ; 3

E3

2F>P-2

=

' F +

RN

+3-

@

563->

N3

9 3 >

LEVEL 1

GR

3- H

2

H

%3L3

3

&3

2%3

+2 G 3

G

> 32 8 C 2 > > · ² ¼ ´ > 32 v8 5 |} > 42 v8 & ° ¹ ´ 8 @ 5 x% 8. NC · ² =? 7 D > 32 8 & · · ´ Ä Ä Ä 9 M2 C 3 5 $ C ( t2 9 32 fa_j kxlmq j krlm&_ kr_b@` C 63

&3

U

+;;63

3 E3

H

43

(" #"

3

+

3 V

G

2%3

33

$ C ( ² ¼ ² °

² ¼ ´ = Q · ² > > · ² ¼ ´

3 E363;2

'

·

%3

=

&3

W3

+P

=

3 E3

A

Z

P

93

263

=

+

3

63;

G

;63

%3

G

>

63

LF

63

43

+Q

;63

232 j%p_&

A

3

=

, £,T/ ' )-c/ F 2 :2 3 z O >O 8 ª 9 > ! 9 > 4232# ! = ! > M2 ; 3 > 3: 9 8 > 9 8 2 8 3 2 7 N E 8 ¯ F P > ! >9 5 8 7 * T2 ! 2 5 238 w= >! ! ? P 7 9 8 ? 3! 3232 * T2 3! 9 8 = P > 7 5 v8 > 32 8 ? 5 ] 2 2 9 > Q ! T ! 7 9 > 9 8 7N #$ 23 ¢ ( 2 5 2 F 7 2 #$ 23 ¢ ( % H5 F * £ >*65 >! ! ¢ ! E!9 ! 7 #$ 23 ¢ 2 9 :%ZVy 7 * 2 x 2 ( #$ ¢B23 ¢ 2 9 D9 = { ! ( #$ 23 2 9 E% w|= ] Q 7 8 ( $ 3 ( 7 4232} 3 2328B7 9 xÇ * ( ! 7 Q2 9 > 2 = 8 2 ] 5 c2 9 ! F H ] Ec* 9 > 8 2} 2 v8

93

C

,3

3

63

3

3

+>2

C63

3

3

3

!3

R

U

U

H

?M

+

93- H

=

=

3,T

3;>243-V3

2

A 63

93- H

@

-3- =

3

--E

'-3

+

;H

93

K

3 3-

-3

=

H&3

=

43?3 U3

A

F3

Y>

3

+

H

3- 563

H-3-AG

> QG

3

G

,V3

;

3

+E

3

=

3 E3V63

N>

63,F

%3- H

R

=

RE3

;-3

563-

>

G

=

-

3

6

N

?3

,>

B

?>

63-

2

H%3-

H

&3

63

A

?

!3 E3

3

+%3N

H

+Q

AG

=

H-L>

2

R

=

43-

H

C

'

-

AG5;63

3*

AG

+

3

63-D

A

G

A

!3

H

+

-

N

H

'

%3 +

43-

H -

43-2

-

-3

H

>

L

H -

L3

V

3

- A D>

-R

!

'

3 E3;3- ?

+

'?V3

2 '

N>243-

>

H

M5

L

93

V +

3

63- HG

K

%3

A

'L3

63

>

@

D3

H +

,K3

=

G

S3

A

=

2 F3

>E

M%3

,

X

H>>3%3-

H

E3

+

=

43-E3- H

GB

+%3!

+ E3-

'

;

P3

:G

A

6 V

+TKL

=

D

Ç]9 8 5 8 32 > 9 3 > 28 5 2 8Hw > O 5 8Z UEVWK ¿ È ' Ã Ç}9 D 32 7 2 > 238yOv2 9 9 z2 x2 9 :VyyR@Z 8 = 7 > B ? 4! 8 > 2} $ ; N2 ! F * 232 ! 232 ( > ! 2 9 9 >T ! 5 2 ! > 2 H2 9 w= ! > N28 65 232 mO ! : >!! Q D

¯; >!!2} ? 37 | ! 2 t 8 >!! 3 32 > 9 > Ç >!7H ! ! D 8x w|= { > 3 2 > 23] ! Ç]9 ( ( ! a 2328 :2 ! 9 O >}Ov2 9 7 M N 32 2 8 = Ç]9 ek f%b yefa_4kg 5 28 ! v8 2328 Q 8] ? 37 !65 ybT`@k6q}`@k fb efa_%k7g 5 >7! !! 65 ybT`tj k6lme_a`cq]h f%bTeh ntefe` y_a` ' w 5 24 ? 3! p2} > > zQ ! * T2 ] 5 M5 82 12 2 9Á 5 242KO 223] 2 v8 ; :T2 ! > : } |PT2 >!7 {%D 2 P2 E : > x ? 4! 8 > 5 5 5 w|= * Z UV>W (¿ ' % *Ã T !Z UDV>W ¿ +mÃp 65 * 28 z D O >O 8 : > ! %: ! ! = 32 7 65 ! ? 3! > 3% x28 : 242 ! : N 42 > w|= 65 232 ! 8 7 ! 9 8 B * ! L @ ! 7 7 w|= D9 =t * ! w= >!!

3,> %3

'%3

3

AE3

3 ,

3

E3-

@

H

A 3

H>2

%3

=

3

3

=

Q

3

-3

=

M

3

=

H>X

C63

=

H

?

H--

G/3

+6H

N

&3

AG

43

3 +

3

+

+

;

H>

&3

+

-3- N

G4

2>63

E3

G3 C

> 3>H

=

G -

QH

3

H%3-F3

AE3

H>

G H

>

HM

63/2

P3 E3K63

E43-E

3

3-F3

2

,2

>

>

H

L

/ %3

3

W

3-

-

3

AE3

Q

AE3

K563

HMQ

3

&3M

H>Q! 3

G D3

A

M

U;3 VH

+:

2

3 +

3

V

H>2GH3

' L +

@G

M

P3

-3 +

3

'3

M %3

-3 +

3

/

A

3

3

+

A

GD3

=# =

>

+%3AG 3

V3 F3

H

=

S3

H>2

E3-;63

3

=

A

HN >3

A

Y

V

3

2%3-T3

A

HMG&3

3*

43

HMFV N3

2

=

93

'

+

+E3- HL+> 3

-

3* M%3-E

-3-

%3

H>

3

3

2 A

E3-2

H&3

G4;3

2

- L3

U

:GH/3

;63

-

S C

-3

H --3-

-6H

H

>

3

+E

3

;63 3 E3

3

M +

-

>

=

:G-

63- HL3 Q3

G

@;3 E3;>

%3

, H

3

C=

,3 E3T5

A

,

-2 K

3 C

93

2

-3

+

>

H>2 D3 E3T

3

=

F-> 2 T3 K ' F +

'

=

V3

>

+

>

2

G1

3*

+

U

>2

+E3

>

H M

Q

3

=

>

F

3

3

'-3

E3-

%3

93

>

%3

93

+

>&3-

-QV

E3-

R

=

3 F

3

I

6

&3 P

>

P3

2 G >243-

-

3

+

6

C KM

3 E3

+E3

?63-Q

6

63-E3

AGW

M

-6H

M

3

T63-!

G

3

-3

Q

=

E D F H 110

SKIP GRAPH LINKS

0

H A C

G

7

011

B C A E 000

CHORD ROUTING TABLES

101

3 4 6 6 7 1

5

4 5 7

5 6 0

E 001

LOGICAL PATH A−E E−G

A B D

111

ACTUAL PATH: HASH(A)−HASH(E)−HASH(G) 6−5 5−7

NODES 3

D E G

C C D F

100

SKIP GRAPH SEARCH FROM A TO G:

2 H

010

4 B

RESOURCES

G H B

1 F

2 3 5

7 0 2

6

F G A

1 2 4

0 1 3

MEMBERSHIP VECTORS

¯ ; :2 8] 8 !@ ]8 7 Z UV>W ¿ +>Ã w ( 9 > % > 7 = :2 P 5 3 H 238x ! 6

*

=

H

H

%3

-6H

; ' ! + B>

1

+

H

=

115-2

=

G

=

5 23 * N 5 >!7 w= 8x >9 3 >9 #$ 2 ( 7 1y8] 8 u Z U|V>WK ¿(' % *ÃE%} L N2 ! ? 3! ! * T2 % P; 9 8 L > * 32 ! ! ZU?V>W ¿ +mÃ#!@ 32 9 >T ! ! w|= :2 ; :T2 2 7 * = > 7 N 232 42 8 7 ! 32 !65 M 2 2 F . > 3 2 > c* 8 @ B :2 ; 9 3 > 2 2 w= I 2 5 T 7 N238 : 232 $ MÇ O * ' ( 3232 2 N 5 D > ! w 5 !Z U(V>W > 7 Q % s 7 | > 7 }J H%! 2 x{ £523 7 9 > I ! ¢ 7 8 T !.ZUDVWK >! ! ! ! # $ 2 ( * $ 3

E

I

QG P

>

63-

;

H

+3

@

%3

-

FG2V3

3-

3

H

H

3

+

=

3

3-2

;63

&3- VV3

+

+E3- HZ2

53

T3

'

+

E3%3

A

3

>N '

M

? H

+E3- HV3-

H -

--E

+

H

'

+

:GB

3

-

3 +

A

>

'

H

+E

H

3

>

+

3

C

M

2

:G

H

E3-M%3 3

A

3* M

X3

>

-3-

+

=

H M

N

%3

G

>

=

+

+

H

@5

-3- , 3

6

635

A2

&

%3-

3

-

3

+

%3 +

:G 3

2;&3

H

H

:GB

;

=

-N

3-

M3

H -

M

3-

%3

V

3

-H

3 E3

3- H

3

H&3

+

6

3

43

3

+E3- HF2

AG>

3 E3

(

=

,3 N%3

2%3 +

;

>

=

3- HP

'-3

C

6

-

=

&3-K

3

L

93

H

F

H&3

+

3

w|= 2 9 ( #$ 2 E¢ ( 9 8 p1* ( 7 H 9 w|= 2 9 232 9 >9 8 2328 >!7 #$ 2 ¥ ( : > #$ 23 w|= # $ 2 ¢ ( 9 > F : > t > !.Q ( ! 3 2 238x 7 ! # $ 2 ¢ ( * 2 9 >7! # $ 2 ¢ 2 39 9 > ( F * ZU1V>WK > 7 ! ! ®9 8 {% ®.! 32 ! N 525 # $ 2 ( * w=2 9 P; z!9 9 8 232 9 w= 2 9 = 7 ! }J 1%! T2 ! ! x 5] 2 > 32 v8 324 Q T 2 9 9 > : 9 ?2 >* 9 8 P? F 3232 T2 8 x 28 * @ 23 2 N2 ; 3

2 '

+3

:G 3

3

> 2

@

3T3

-

3

A63 G/

B

6

!3

+3 >AG?

=

B3

93- HG

H --3

H

H

+

L3

3

3

+

43

+

C=

H&3

AG

-3

=

3 E3

A & 3

H>3

3

2

:G

Q

=

3 +

P3

%3

+

?3 L+-6HV

93-

H

3

6

3-

+

-3-

T3 3

3

H

3

A

3

3

+

G

A

+

+

3?T%3-

=

H

3

MP3

AG3

>

C

' F C

6

=

A

=

'3>

=

>> +

3

F

H&3

-

H *

3

+

+E3- H

3

)N

93-

563

M3

3

=

H&3

K

->

3

=

H&3

-3AG

6

/G 2

U

3

3

=

M3 R

M

3

SG

=

H&3

D

3L5

6

-5

M

K %3

+

3

B

%3

2

+ HG

+

2 A

3 >!! 2 % 9 >T 9 8 $ C 9 8 ( $ C ( Ä 3232E 2 >: ; {9 8 * ÁC'& H2 5 2 C @ ¿ #Ã ¿ Ãt 5 238 I : P C 5 23238 H 5 23 LÄ C @ ¿ |Ã ¿ Ã }O 32Q* O 2 v8 ÄC 42 >!28 I > 5 > >2 ! 5

=

6

3

63-

3

H&3

!

93- HG

-6H

M

3

C

C =

F 3 N2 3 8 2 F F 2 C y* ¿ |Ã ¿ Ã BÄ C @ ¿ |Ã ¿ Ã Ä I z P = >2 * ' F 3 ] 2 7 (" #" (, 0m,'*+ - Q,+' )-c/ = >7!z $a 2 ' ( 3 2 >!7 9 3H2 28 = >!! > : (2 5 2 > 3 B! 8 9 9 8 } 2 !x2 5 2 65 ] 9 8 ] 23 L2 5 2 3# @ 42 ! 12 5 2 >!79 8 ; T À 2 > |9 82 >!7M9 8 Q &f 'bl>_%k d © >!!% A * H 5 !" > >!7 8 2 5 2 7¯ _¨ 4A@3Z\ Z!V>X :Z \ k q]` jq}`ch }A > _¨ 4A@3Z\ ZV>X :Z \ {k q}` _fqWZ >ZW hb _%¨ 4A R@Z K}À S>X vWZ >Z W 3Z\ ZV>X :Z\ k q}` j6q]`tÄ h !" > >7! 8 T2 5 2 NA * ¿ |Ã ¿ 2 5 2YÃ Ä nlmq e % q]fjq2 5 2 Á2 5 2KO ' q]fjq _fqWZ >ZW hb _%¨ 4A R@Z K}À S>X W3Z ZW Z\ ¾ ZV>X :Z \ k q]` j6q]`tÄ h !" > >7! 8 T2 5 2 NA * ¿ #Ã ¿ 2 5 2Ã Ä nlmq e % q]fjq2 5 2 Á2 5 2KO ' _¨ vWZ >ZW k q]` jq}`ch À A > ? D +

3

3-E3- H W3

E3

3

'2

A

@

F

%

+

!

3

5 7 8 $ *! :% $) 1

+63

3

?

3

%3

3

-

3 P3

=

R3

E3

63

=

3

E3R3

C

%3

V '

3

+

>2D%3- -3

=

+

';63

93

H&3

;%3

&3- A

E +

H

G 43- 163

W

A

%3-AG

+ K3

2%3T;63 3

3-

-

3

-

%3

G

T3

$

G%3- -3

G

K%3- -3

G

,+ .-/+

6

3

-

#"

G%3- -3

0

G

$

G

T3

6

('

&

*

,+ 9-,+

2

('

('

9"

6

3

:'

-;

G%3- -3

G

$

G

=<

G T3 M%3- +3

'

T3

6

;

D3

H

H-3

=

2

4

*

1

6

&3

H&3

('

&

)

#"

63

G D3

H

B

%3 C

L

PP

+E3- H

E

%3

=

+

+

-

+

6

+

>

MM

G

H&3-

3

-3

-53

+ 3

Dq]dd e c

c}Z ZVX½ S7Z X½VUaaS>RÁR V!m X V7 · #U¢ R@S[yZ:UVmZ:Z!Z!UvZ![ xZ7V]Z V>RT[ # $ 2 ¢ ( Ua%xZ6

23 ¢

#$

(

B§ lmbub¨!© 2 > % 35 { 9 > · . ? 4! >!! > D8 * ' 9 32 >7! > · ° · · ´ · ¥ Ä Ä Ä ? 7 · ² ° · ² 9 > 3232 232 · · Ç} 3 28 >238 9 2 ¿ + Ã 28 >7! · I x¢ 5 >!7 28 5 3242 #$ 2 E¢ ´ ´ ( 2 5 2 } & ° ¹ ´ N ´ ¹ ´ > >!! 5 !Á2 5 2 2D #$ 2 E¢ ´ ¹ ´ ´ ( ;} # $ 2 ¢ ´ ¹ ´ ´ ( ;} =] MP; & >!7 >9 ;} #$ 2 E¢ ( # $ 2 ¢ ( = E!9N % L ( 5 23 & ° ¹ ´ & >!7 * ] #*2 5 2 ! : 2 5 2 =] O>J >!! 7 = !% * % Q : > >2 >2 T% ; N2 (Q (¿ ')' %Ã I ¢ ! 8 9 > >9 #$ 23 ¢ >7! F N > (9 #$ 23 ( ( | 7 8 12 L¢ |*28 2 8 N 3L * w|= 9 > Q >!7M Ç]9 > { * lreT` 'Tq otq l>_q j ? 37. 9 P 9 8 C 9 8 Æ C 2 > 9 8 C 2 9 8 ¾ C 9 8 !5 2 ¿ C Ã 242(9 8 ¿ C Ã x N ? } ]5 : P #$ 2 E¢ 2 ' ! # $ 2 ¢ ( :P 232 ( 5 2 : P 2 ' MP 2 2 1 5 2 $ ? 4! >9 # $ 2 ¢ I !5 2 ( # $ 2 ¢ ( ( 8 232 $ ? 3! >9 #$ 23 ( # $ #2 (¢ ( F Q 8 Q > >2 t} { 2 E * ( 3 3232 >9 #$ 2 E¢ (

+

3

3

G5

3

V

;

- H

3-

3-

E3

U3-

H

3 3-

243

3-

Q

H

-+E

&3-

H%3

-+E

3

AG HVN

+E

93

3

+E

8

E3

8

#"%$

%3

HF

MU3

L3

L

G3

=

93 >

,

L

3 E35%3- +3-5E3

CE3- HU3-

>M

A

8

93

X3

=

3

HN3

3

E

D2

A

C=

=

G4

3

3

M

2

-+E

AG'3

D3 !>&3-P

3-

+E3- H

3

1G3

H%3

3

%3

CE

6

+E3

&3-

13

=

%

C=

2

3

-+E

N A 3-

P

+63

3

H

3

N

3-

43

L 2

-- -

3

3

G

AE3- H

U

T

43

?3

243

3-2

63-

JG

43

=

3

SG

=

+E3- H

5

F-

63

G

G

3-

3-

3

-+E

3

G M ' U +

;

-3 +

' H> 12

563

+ : G 3

'%3

' F C

G H

+>

3-

H F

52F3

3-2

U3

3-

D3

+ H/G

=

%3

+H E3 %3-

F

3-

H

3 P3

U

C

=

%3

H

"

=

A

3

H

X63

+E3- H

P

=

-3

13

!

A%3

>M

=

-3

E JG

%3

+63

3

+>

A

2 -

SG

G

>

+

6

F

8

#"%$

G 3

@5FF

1G3

8

33 C

'

3

AG

+M

3-2

T

53

,3

=

=

=

C>

33

=

=

-3

+

=

-

AG

3

93

Y%3- +3-

?

+

=

3

E3 N

AG

G K '

AG563

3-2

3

SG3

° ' > ' > 2 > 2 ]8 ] *; ?À 3! 8 > ' :2 m; { 2 5 2 ' > >!7 P y* !! ')' % À & 1 23 * 12 5 2 '% 'È :T2 2 * N2 5 2 À :T2 y* | 2 5 2 ' À 2t ' ' + :T2 * 2 5 2 ' * 2 5 2 % 2 9 {2 5 2 % &% % ' :2 * ?2 5 2 P * ; À N2 D 3 6

--E

P 2 63-

M< 3- >3- +3 +E3- H = E3

H

=

&f 'bl>_%k d *© ZX Bk q]` y* ¿ (Ã ¿ Ã Ä y* ¿ |Ã ¿ À Ã Ä C A À q]fjq Ä À _¨ RUaX S[>7Z X3Z \ 3Z\ k q}` Ç q]fjq Ç jq}`ch ! 42* Q &" ! m; 5 2 jq}`ch !" 9 8 m; 5 2KO ' 42 _%k d p© A & 2 x 5 * H 5 7¯ ! y* $ ( * H 5 5 2 7¯ _¨ 7 [yZ1° Bk q}` Ç q]fjq Ç _¨ $ A ( 5 ° Bk q}` $ A ( 5 % N28N! M 2 A y* ¿ (Ã ¿ Ã A Ä y* ¿ |Ã ¿ Ã _¨ Ä $ A ( 5 ° A k q]` ! y* $ ' ( ¸ q]fjq _¨ 3A R@Z>S>X SU}ZX [yZ ° k q}` jq]`tÄ h 5 2 NA * ¿ Ç Ã ¿ Ã Ä q]fjq jq]`th

H

=

!

H

4

5

8 $

*! :% $)

G -

% ) 1

3

A

6

/+

;-,+

3

3

-

)

%

R3

6

1G +

6

6

3

G

"

-;

;

$

G G

G

3

-

H

H

2

-

T3

6

G-

6

--E G

=

= G

6

2

!

&3

G-

3- H

T3

G 1G +

&f 'bl>_%k d*© 2 * H 5 ! * A y* ¿ Ã ¿ Ã y* Ä * H 5 ! t¯ jq}`ch &" ! yA C A * H 5 Ä " E% jq}`ch &" " yA 5 H

* $ ( % A : Z\ NA Z\ Bk y *q]` ¿ Ã ¿ Ã Ä }A

H

-

G LG

&f 'bl>_%k d p©7 _¨ 7 [yZ1° Bk q]` q]fjq : ¾ _¨ 3A R*Z>}!S>X 7 [yZ jq}`cÄ h q]fjq jq}`ch A y* ¿ Ã ¿ Ã Ä

+

-/+

G 1G E JG

A

!

G

,+

--E

6

H

6

7

C

6

G E JG -

G

>

G G

6

6

1

G

3

)

G -

-+E

G G-

6

3

%

)>

G&+

G '-

;

:G

6

3

A

7¯

H

?3

G

c¯

H

+

3

{ +3

2 ( * :!65 Q #$ 2 ¢ ( * % 9 3 > ? { ! 232 M¢ w? 5 ? :!65 Q2 * D? :2 ; 2 28 1 ( D 2 22} 2 8 :r5 7 !@238 2 ] Q ! F Q 39 ? 65 2 z ½ % 2 9 8 y* 15 P ½ 3232 15 2 1 Ç] y8 65 9 > B 3232 t % 2 9 ?2} 5 r5

3-

# $

=

+>

>

-3- A

3 U

63- 3

3

+

-

3

3

H+ P

H %3-&3

E3

3

&3

-3

H

93

H2

T3

63-

LV3

?

+W H

=

H

A

&3;

3

+>2

93

=

'

T

=

+

AE3- H

E3

3

-

W

/3

?43-

63-;

63-

H P63,TT3-

'!63-T

E3

93

H

3

5

=

--E

H43

3

-

;

H243

JG 3

-3

-

@;

3

:G

;

=

3

3

6

3

2E

3

2%3- P

-

G

=

G

3

$R3

G

6

G

-

G

=

/+ 9-,+

2

?63 43-

('

3

3

G

$

=

3

G

6

G

)

3

CE3- H

H3

B 3

=

63-

+

HU3 K3

63-

-

+>

--E

+>

2 F

)5

H433

+3

G163

3

3*

H&3,3

=

;3

13

3

=

H

5

;3

; 3

=

+, P3 E3;3

F

H%3

-

E3

-

4

3

2 H

H2

43D3-

5 ' F +

E3

T63 43-

1

/+ .-,+

)

+

3

3

%

'

5

Q

6

+

!

63-

+E3- H

)5

3 E3

-3- -3-QE3

+

V

B3 ,

2

(" #" (,, , ,- Q,+' )-t/ = 2 |5 8 :T2 I M2 65 D9 ? 7 2 5 2 ! |* x* '& F > N B2 5 2 D9 68 M2 5 2 ? 2 72 5 2 z | 1@ ÀH* H¢ & L F & ! > 2 242 8z * > 28z2 9 1 2 2t%! > Q23 % >

=

E3-

-3

3-2

,3

+ W

=

&f 'bl>_%k dT© ? A & 2 Q 35 * H 5 7¯ _¨ 4A [yZ WZUvZ WKV6 sUaXZ k q}` _¨ Ä 3A R@Z>S>X ° k q]` jq]`tÄ h xA y* ¿ |Ã ¿ Ã Ä q]fjq jq]`th " q]fjq jq}`ch " NA * ¿ #Ã ¿ Ã 42* Q " ÄyC 7¯ A y* ¿ (Ã ¿ Ã C jq}Ä `ch " * H 5 " 7¯ _¨ 4A [yZ WZUv Z WKV6 sUaXZ k q}` _¨ Ä 3A R@Z>S>X ° k q}` jq]`tÄ h " NA @ ¿ #Ã ¿ Ã Ä q]fjq jq]`th " q]fjq jq}`ch " yA A y* ¿ |Ã ¿ Ã Ä * H 5 " 7¯ _¨ 4A [yZ WZUv Z WKV6 sUaXZ k q}` _¨ Ä 3A R@Z>S>X ° k q}` jq]`tÄ h " NA @ ¿ #Ã ¿ Ã Ä q]fjq jq]`th " q]fjq jq}`ch " A y* ¿ |Ã ¿ Ã Ä

H

%

1

-

5

G

7 8

$ *! $% $) 1

$4 $5 87

8 ( :! 8% ()

1 (4 (5

H

G

G G

6

G

G

G

G

T3

3 N

6

6

G

:

G

=

-

3

M

-/+

$

$

= G

3

$

G LG

M

,+

6

T3

G

--E

6

M

-

G

G

-/+

G

,+

$

?

$R3

T3

6

3

G

G

H

T3 43-

+-E

G

=

4

G

)

,+ .-,+

!

),

=

G

G

T3

G

T3

M

M

$

3

6

+

L 2 3

3

+E3- H =

Dq]dd e c

c}Z [yZW3Z UvZ S7Z X½VUaaS>R RVM!m X V7 · #aU ¢iRTS[yZ:UV>Z Z!Z!UvZ[ xZ7V]Z V>RT[ # $ ' ( UaxZ

B§ lmbub¨!© 2 > % 35 { > · I ¢ 3232 5 # $ 2 ¢ ´ ´ ( 2 5 2 ° ¹ ´ !2 5 2 H 2 3 & À F >9 5 # $ 2 ¢ ´ ´ ( 2 # $'( 242 2 5 2 ( x N > 232 2 =] P; & 2 #$ 23 ¢ ( # $'( 2 '& ! | 2 : 2 ] 0M-B' p-p+y) 0 F 65 B 2 2 5 Ç O * È = | P x 9 3 >T HÇ 3 * 525 2 2! L ! $ ! · ´ ! · ( > Q x 2 D9 ] Ç} > 1 8 P 1WS!VWp ? 3! ! > 9 3 > I P 1!65 ! 9 >T 3E 238 3 232 > P r5 > 5 32 > 9 >TÁ 2 3 ] 3242 %D D 7 : >Tx]8N! !9 2} 2328 ! z 323 ;]2 Ç 3 * È s* 232p* 28 Ov2 9 2 N* N 32 C 8 9 >u z% 232p2 5 2 ¯ À ' F C 5 ° C 5 ¾ C % F C 5 ° C 5 ÁC F C 5 ° C 5 5 ° C

3

3

3- H

=

%3

=

93

F

-E3- 3

3

2

3

V

?

A

NE3

=

&3-

2

93-

E3-U%3

H %3 +&3-

3

+E3- HGD3

;

G

5

3 E3

0

1 ' K +

%3- +3

3

+%3

63- H

=

3

93- H/G1

=

=

F C 5 ° C 5 5 °£C È F $ C ( $ ' ( ° $ C 5¬ ( $ ' ( ® $ C ( $ ' ( ° $ C 5 ( $ ' ( ¸ ¸ zC 5 ¼ ´ ¸° C 5¬ 2 C 5 ¼ ´ ¸ ° F $ C ( $ ' ( ° $ C 5¬ ( $ ' ( ® $ C ( $ ' ( ° $ C 5 ( $ ' ( ¸ ¸ zC 5 ¼ ´ °¸ C 5¬ 2 C 5 ¼ ´ ¸ ° | P 3 z 9 3 > 5 Ç * 232 2 T28 2 9 2 · $ ? 37 242tC % ? 3! H P; $ C ( E2 ( > }O 1 (D ' ! * N28 232 }O 8 ' % ?2} 2328 ! 5 8 2 9 2 (D ? (D * 3 2 28{2 9 28 = P 2] 2428 7 2 9 65 T28yOv2 9 ! 28 p 2 2 (D È 2 KJ 2 5 2 > 2 7. = $ ( C D2 5 2 ' 2 8 P # $ 2 ( 2 5 2 ? ! z5 ! ¸ ! z5 LC H 2 * C 2 5 2 ' 7 #C xG · ¸ > C ° $ ( 5 Ç 32 >!28 6C t · $ C ( 5

B2 5 2 ' u 2 7 C G · > 2 zC ¸ · $ ( 5 ° $ C ( 5 P H[yZa Z6Ua Z 9 3 > 7 D 9 > 2 8 1 P 3 N 9 >u}% ; :2 8 ½O4O 2 {2 9 ] E *

LG

=

=

=

3

53

F3

%3-

&3-

-3?2

-3

E3

E3

H

=

3

H

-3B 3

2

-E3-2

L

52

E3

43

U

3

A

'

E3

3 E3L3

=

%3L

L

93

-

N3

&3-

W-E3- 3

%3W

A

3 E3Q

3 E3;3

43-

/3

H

G/

=

H43-2

93

%3Q

3

&3-

=

~{ q]blmq]d p >Z X7\N7S>RR@Z!UvZ[!S?S>R@ZRTUES½ 1U}Z [VUV:UaX6Ua}X ZB4BV{7r zX V7H LV>R@[xS>RWY\ #S>RUaX V>RU ' Â VX Z VUa4DZ[y .'

§Blmbub¨!© I > 5 N u¯ > P N@ L ! 9 > D( % )*

H

H

93

-3- -3 H

;63

H

3

43

D3

+

93- H D3

E3-V%3

93

À

25 3

H -3 +&3-

N

C

=

=

3

3 E3

M

G

3 L3- +6 &3

2

=

3

93

3

E3

+-3R

+

=

T ' M +

T 3?+E3- P3

E3

3 FF

>E3

W3

%3-

VE3

93

E3

3

93

@

;3

3

+

M

3

-

G H

-3

/3

H-63- H

-

L2

93- H

Q3 E3

353

=

H%3 +&3-

G

!

+

93 G

! (D

>

3- H

>E

'

H%3 +&3-

'

Q D( È

G

H -3 +&3-

F@C >= =

=

"

=

=

G

3

=

A

G

H %3 +243

+

A

>
? 52V

&3-;4>

D

@;3A=

@

P

-E3-2

@LU:8

P

'

-3K@+&3-

?@

È

7

D

7X8

I P$@

=

3A= @

893

Y>

+-3%>$@

D

D

P D

H !=^] G $7

@+A= ?>JP

893 D

D

+(

@+aH -2

'

\>$@

D

Z7 E3-

D N

3A= E3

3A=

&3

D

= /P

P

%3K@+243-

3A= E3

È

9 [7 H EI?U O1I 9 D

%3K@LH$893AH @

D

@-3

7G

?>

8L=_I%348 7

=

D

&3- ;3A=

@C >=

7\I%3-E3

8 D

@L@

893

N

?C

3 \E

U @AE63K@+ @LU

C 5¬

ND

C Ä Ä AÄ = Ä Ä Ä

43

3A=

D N

7 E3->%3K@H$893AH @

=

· 5

3

E

3A=

m;

M MI/

H

$8

® GRLH$8L= 3A= E3 D I 43 D N 3A= H $8 À = I A= D 3A= E 33 P H $8 D @-3 7 $7X7 D H EI?U O1I9 7:H -2 2$7$H$893- D = Q 8O8 D @L7 3 ( D -3K@+&3 ' GpC 5 ¾ C1G/7 8O8 D @L7 V3 D ( D -3K@+&3 < GcC 5 5 °C = =4= H 3A= H $8 D C C 5 2> D @-3 7 $7 7 D H EI?UyO1I29 7 = ÇMSI @LI?UGD8O8 D @7 3 D ( D %3K@+243 %'G> D 3A= EÀ 3 À G' ' 63PL3K@LH @WI P I Â

3:C ° 7 I 3 8L= C ² ¹ ° JN D = 5 ´ ² Æ ¶ Æ ® = D @ 8L= ¶ G º ¼ º G$7 ² ° ²¹ ´ 5¹ ´ ° ²¹ ´ = Ç D ´ ° 5¹ ´ ° G ¥ ° ´ 5¹ ´ ° ´ ° =4= H AG ¬L° ¼ º ¼ » ¼ ¼ 7 ° G = @ { ° ´ ¬ = TH 3 ¬1° C 5¬ ¹ ´ DWD = ¸ ¸ Ä Ä Ä ¸ ¬ Q $7 ° C = Ç D C 5 ¹ ´ ° C = 8O8 D @L7 3 D ( D %3K@+&3 È G(C 5 ° C 5 ¹ ´ = =4= H ! 3 C 5 ° C = Q -MSI @ >$@ D D N ; ISI A= D 3A= E3C 5 ° C = 3A=

D N

@+ªC 5

I

GB%=

@

"

"

I

>@

P

D

3A=

I%3E3aI P

-

>$@

H

7K E

P

D

I

G&3A=

D)D N

@

P D

-S7

D

3

3A= E3PVU

D

3*

8

D

C ´ ¥ ?¬

Ä Ä Ä A=NC ´ º ¥ » Ä Ä Ä ¬ 7 A= I I P I

>E3

D

@5W>E3A=

%3-R

;

A=

D

=

@

=

893

7 D

²

8L=

;

@

²

8L=

!

@

7Z

63A=

8

@

63A=

D

@

893

5

=

= =4=

@

3A=

5

@ D

D

7Z

Q H

A=

° · N C $7 @ N · À 8 8 7G8 Y> ÇD !I I ISI A= D D D · I P I À = 8L=_8 D D N I A= 8 8 7\8 Y> A= 7 K@LH$8 AH @ D D D D N Q >$@ P 7 E P D D · I D D @ 7 $7 7 D H EISUyO1I 7 I A= A= !I I · %I P I À 8O8 @L7 ( D K@ È $7 8L= D 7 C G · I 7 D T@ != $7 I ON 4I P I ' D D A= @ 7 $7 _@ A> 8 SP I?UG9 N A= U ; AH$8L= A= :9ZP 8 @ >$@ P >$@ P 7 D D D D 63

ISI 5 ?3A= E3 D

ND

-

QC

(

À ; =

E

93

3

-3

&3

G

%3

&3-

=

B3

93

-3

'G

3

3

2

3

AV

=

>E3

)%

3

K3

%3 CG

-3-E3

V3

--3-

B3

=

-

2%3

3- +6 &3

2%3-AG

E3

3E3

3 E3

V3

2 F

X63 V3

G

93

G

E3-M%3

3

D

E3

2

Q I

=

2%3

&3

G

U

93-

3QF-2

AG

C JG E3

=

%3?E3

"

M

=

N

"

+

2,

%3 C43-

V3

U

G

-

2 P3

3

@

&3-;2V3

$7

+

G

G

93

=

=

R

G

E

P D

P

G

8L=

ISI 3A=

-E3-

3A=

D N 8

I-3-MKI

D

@-3 D

7X$7"7

%3K@+&3-AG 632P

?>F@+ >=

D

O

H EI?U 1I D

7

==)H

:G?

=

3A=

N

7 E3-

%3K@LH893AH @

=

7RZXUa%R VR@Z.RTS[yZ RHVB!m xX V7 · ]7R |W S>XUyL ZV17r NX½V] §Blmbub¨!© F @ 7 · 8D

¯ @ 6I P I H D D N D @L8= > @ $7 @ ZI P I ¾ H A= !=)E @ I P IÀ Â ' D D D D N I 8 D S7 @ A= 8 %= @ A= K@ D 7$H$8 D 7 À & U %I A= '& U A= D A= @ 8 ' 7 È @ Q I SI @ A= 7 SI = @ $I?UY>$@ P A= D( K@ D D D D D D D ' 7 È @ K> 8 ?P I?U P 7 ( D K@ % ] $7 @ ?@A@ D @ ( D K@ D N =4= @L8L= D > @ D @ 7FE U "9 I ' ] D N Q I D @ A= %!;%@ AH$@ A= I @ 7 D Dq]dd e c

'

V

+E3-

-

3

-> 2 R -E3-

Q I6

@

63

8=

3A=

E

7

@

%

-+E

--E 2

Q I6 3A=

(

7 D

Q I =

3A=

7 D

D

$ISU

D

3

@+3 3

3-

'

3

D

P

-E3-

7

7 D

;3A=

2

@-3

7

63-I,@+6!=&3

G

D

D

7

@

63Q2Q@

N

3

3A=

E3

;=

3

3-

@L3A=

D

--E

U

6!=VE

D

° 9 I2

;@

D

@

%

-

T=

53A=

° D @ ° -E3- U 1( %3K@C43 FN3A= D N -

-3K@+&3-

°

D

I

$I?U

D %=

(

$7

D

@

--E

@+3A= D

8A

'

;CGT$7

-3K@+&3

U

,>E

'

)

G&

M

%3-E

- M3

2

=

Q I6

D N

L

@+63A= D

&3

3-

%3- -3

--3-

D N

!; $7

3

D N

3

CE3-

9 I2

D

7

ON D

D

D

@LI @

'

°

@+63A= D

( =

"

U

8L=

@ N D

-3-

]);CGM43-2

-3K@+&3

D

@

'

M

3A=

(

!;

@+63A=

4G 7

9 I

%

@+63A= D

>63 3

D

U

%3 C43- 'G >

I -L3A= Q I6

A

Y

G

V

-3- P

=

G9 À ;CG 3 D P$7 63- 6!=)E D @C;E3 I P I ¸ ' = D 7 7 K --E 3 D 5 ¾ 9 I2 < % D N Q I6 D @+3A= %!;CG$7X3A= 2K +-E >- 7F3 3A= @C6!=43,3 AH$8O8 --SP 7 5¬ ¾ GT® ' GH43-SI3 @ 8L= 5> D 7 AH$8L= 3A= E3 D D D :9 3- 5 ¼ ´ ° ¾ \9 I2 ,< ] D N Q I D @+63A= %!;CG4-E3- N U ( D -3K@+&¸ 3 ' = Q 3A= 5 -¸ -E D $I?U &33 D 3A= @+!=43AG F 8A D I?U^8 D 893 D 63-@C6!=4353 D Q 7 D@ E3 @ 3A= K63- I G'-E3- N U ( D -3K@+&3 ;3 A= 3A= E3F I '?3 D 3A= @ %3LH$8L= D 7 ;E3 8=_I P I ¾ = I A D D D ' N @ D 5 9 I2 < ' D N Q I6 D @+3A= #À %!; = D 7 3A= E3 %3- @-3-TI

@,63?AH$8O8 - @,E3 I P I D D D ND 5 63A= @ 3A= LH$8O8 - D @ N D @! D 7 E3 I P I ¸ ' 9 I ' D N Q I6 D @+3A= < ;CG D @!63 >+ ' ] D N Q I6 D @+3A= ¸ < ; = Q À 3A= @8L= N D @ 5 ¼ ´ >$@ D 8 A 7 3A= --E 3 63-LAH$8O8 - @ 9 I2 D D 7 E3!V3- I D D D · 5 G13Q!H @+&3 A 7 3 D P7 3A= R@¬ ZV>XZUR D 7 @ E3 @ 3A= 1G1= D È @+A= ?>ZP 893 D @ ME3A8L= : 9 I I %3B® ¾ G À -E3- U +( -3K@+&3 È D N =

7

D

FH

63-

6!=)E

@+;E3 I P

D

I

"

"

I

E

3*

I P

D

A

I

À

D

;

3

$7

@T3A= D

IS7N D

3A=E3L563A=X8

7

>&3-

3A=

6!=)E

@^9 I

D

"I2 8 D

3

$8OH @L@

=4= H

D

D

8

?>

]

3A=

435

?P

3

D

,

@A@

Q I6

893M

@-3-,2V3A=

D

ISI 3A=

8

D

7

D

@7 ]);

PE3

+-E

3A= (

=

=4=

8L=

&3

I P

E3

?3

@-5

I

H $7

ND

IT@

=

@

@+AG D

@ I P

ND

?>F@+ >= 8OH @A@

!=VE

+9

@+3-AGD7$7 63- I 7 >/U D D

3 P

7 D

7

@+63A= D

&3P

@+>2 --E

@C >=

D N 8

7

M

@

?=

>@

63-

$8OH @A@

D

=

H -

@,3A=

I2 3 D

ÇD

3A=

X7

8 D

=

F

!3A=

P

@+

3-SI? E

%3K@C43-M @

8L=

3WI2

@3A=

G'3P

D

7

;

À

G63+>-

>I2

63A=

--E

P D

3

G?$7

D D

> D

G

R3A= E3 >

E3>

@L8L=

8A

7

A

D

>&3-

P

D

@+3 D

>

]

L3A= E3 Z;63A=

@+E3- @ 8 W>I 3 7G 35M 'S>F@+ >= D D =

@

ND

>$@+E3

=

I

F;SISI D

AH$@

7

9

3A= E3T=

3-! >$>$@

@+E3- D

&3- Q3

63

I P

ZW3Z UaR RTS[yZ X S> Vx7r X½V · %R] LW S>X7aUy{ >ZVx!m X V7}

Dq]dd e c

'

§Blmbub¨!© P

$7 KF

I

7 D

3

3A=

D

@+!=43

7 D

D N

N

?>

@ N D

3A= E3Q

U3A= E3;2, D 34E Y7 I 3 7 3 D D 7 $7 T K --E 3

ON

I 3- VK

=

3A= Q

63

>+

@

63

K3

D

I

D @

8

P

@

7

7

I

/( = D

3A=

I 3

D

7/G 3A=

+(

FN

7

%

@

7 D

7 D

3

FN

@

I

ON

5

3A=

D

3A=

2

7 D

°

P

+E3-

7FE

D

9 I2

3

D

'

7

D N

ON D

@

D

Q I6

D

D

'È

'

7

3A=

@

$7

Q !ISI3A=

3-

Q I6

$7 R

5

E

7 D

E

3*

Q I6

%

Q I6

'

3A=

;CG&63B2>+

@+ 3 D

E

=

] @

I

D

@C63A= D

7

E8

7

;

;

Q I6

D N

,

--E

5SISI.E

D

8L=

@+63A= D

;CG

Q %I

M53A= D =

%3K@+243-

D

@+63A= D

"

À

Q TI

D =

@+3A= D

893

;CG.H &3-SI

;

À^9 I D N

A

3A=

D

@C63A= D

:9 ); ° :9

@+A=?>^P

$7

Q I6

D N

Q I6

D N

%

"

"

3

!;

$7

7 D

@+63A=

;CGH &3-SI3@

D

@+3A= D

4G

G1

D

@C63A=

°

D N
E3A8L= K

N

D N

E

;CG P

5 5 °

'

7 D

5

@ 9 I2 D

%3K@+243

D

D

%3-E

D

=

%3-AG13A=

G9 I D

8=

%

(

I

,3

@ D

7G/7

7 D

N

9 I2

Ä Ä Ä =

-

%7

@+63A=

5;63A=

7

-

Â

I

$7

E

5

I 3

D

@:G

I

N

3*

D N

!=VE

Q I6

D N

@+6!=&3

3 H 43- I&63 @

AH63- EI

D

I

3

F $7

3-

7 D

3A=

D

7

;CG3A= H 3K@+?PISI?UV-E3- U

I%35

È

%3

" F3

@+63A=

M @

5¥

E

3;

ON

I 3

D

-%3-

D

5¥ 5 9 I

Ä Ä Ä 7 7 I 3 7 D = 7

D

3

D

I

3

2!63-

N

H @-3A= =

@

2

+-?P

3E

9 I

-3K@+&3-

D

7 D

D

3A= E3

8

J7

63-?AH8O8

D

3A= E3W63-

I2%3 E3+I P

7

4G +E3- U'

7

-

LH 63- EI

D

3

D

63-

¾

-+E

U

°

%3K@+&3

D

-E3- U

N

5

3A= ?

-E3- U -E3-

3-

D N

N

--SP

AH$8O8

D

7 D

%= S8L=

@+>2

!=S8L=>2R

?>3

3

AH$8O8

D

E)U

¾

7 E)U

"

N$7

3

?P

7

@+!=43 3

7 D

?P

7 D

3

3R3

ON

"

8

5

8

3A=

D

D

@

3A=

D

7 D

3

3

D

@

2

D

!

-+E

7

-+E

8=

+-E

E 3

D

I M3A=

D N

·

@C >=

È =

%3K@+&3-

D

=

3A= E3Q;63A=_8

D

$8OH$@A@

&3+7

I 3

AG177 63-

È

D

I

D

7

>/U

3`7

I 3

7

E3Q

D

I P

I

E

3*

-+E

3A=

D

--E

=4= H

AG?

@+ >=

7

D

@;-S7

63-

@ 3A=

%N D

63A=

$7

A

I 3

3

&3K@

>$@

@ 8A P' 7 D

3A=

7 E3

(

2 Y7

4367

7UM7

I 3

I 3

> D

D

D

3E

D

3-SIB E

7Î2 >3

3A= E3 63TR

>I

3E

D

$8OH @L@

D

3A=

H

ND

P D

@+E3- W= P D

3A=

D

I 3

==

=

8=

6!=VE

7

E

@

7K3-

FN

I

N =

AH @

7

D

@

?P

G63>+

D

53A= E3

8

$I?U

D

7 D

=

8

A

@+2 P D

Y>I 3 7G

D

?>

3N

@T3A= @

%3

Y>I

8

@L7 D

@+

8

43

8

F%= S8L=

D

3A=

D N

O

%3,P

U'AG3A=

U

8AÊ

-SI?UJH

+SI?UFY>I

7 SI?UU

7V3

AH >$>

D

7\H - KM ?>U@C >=U5WP

@-3-S8OI

;

43

!A=

5

D

B!H @

@C- M 7MP3A= E 8 3A= E3AG3A= KU%3 D D N

>)U D

W>I

D

G1M43-2

I2E3

UV3A= D

@-3 D

@C- 7^H @ 1I P IR@ >I 8AE3- V= S8=F @ >I 7JE I D D D =

@+`HIE3

ND

?P

@

ND

D

%3K@

>$>IS8AE3-

-3

37

D

P

FG

@T8A

PESI EI

H

G H -2 F3A=

+Y>I

DP

@+ ?AH8L=V $7 Q3A=

@ $7 LISI1 @-3-S8OI ,563A= N>K> D

@

H

'

IDKU%3 D

D

,AH8L=

D

Bq]lrj6_b@`t_a`

P

3A= E3=

A

>$>I2S8AE3-

H

@5 D

! ) !

Q ; ?>F@+ >=47

D

I =

=

8

!=VE

8

@+ D

@+E3- G'63P @C D

6!=)E

U3A=E3; @

@KISI,3A=

3

N

> D

3-5

D

D N

%3-2 M

P

8A

7V3-2

N

@C

@L8L=

IE3

%3, @-3-S8OI

E

] =

8AK

8L= -

@

ON D

F

WI AISU G

D

> @+3-S8OH$I @

=4=

=

7$763-

=

@++ D

=

LEVEL 0

6!H @ ] = ]¯

3A= 3A=

@

=

-2 !! '

?>M@+ >=

@

G

Y>I

P

zjq]l$7fq Tq}f #

F@+ >=48AÊ

3

Y>

@+ @AUZ> D

A=

D N

8 @

7$H @C F3A=

'

¯

À À

@T+ P @+- ! >>IS8AE3- 4= H @ 8A6I

@ 3A= I2E3 %3 D D = D D ND ND G ^9 %= @ ! M23A= 7 E3 3A= 7 U D N N D D H %3$7N3A= @ @ 2 A3 = %T 3 @ 8 & 3 7 E3 ; Q ?A 3 = E3, T 3 >$@ 43AG A 3 = A U'%3 $7 D D ON D = 3 -34@ 8 &3; @-3-S8OI 7E3 7"! D =

;5 @-3-S8OI

=

D

D

=

G13A=

@A@

D

^@

D N

7 >2$8OISH$7 3

>H$I @C631U

D

P

@+=

@+-3 E3%3-8 P H È

@

D N

D

H @L8

8AH

I>2 G7 3A=

@L8=

ÇQ

N

ND

@

!\P

@-H D

@AUFI @-

>$7

D

Ç

*( ,

@K

ND

7

> 3 D

È

3A=

3

@

D

= $7$I

H

;P-63

%3+P

G

@L8=

CG =

I H D

=

ÀÀ

=

H

(

>LH$8L=Z

')' % '

@

Vm! X S>[m

&%

3

A

D)D

8

!I

3A=

43

Y>I

$7

¯%

@

¿ ] mÃ

Ç ( =

R P

=

$7

@+E

7

>$>$@

>E3

D

;U,3A=

D

EU-63

I

D

*%AIÀÀLÀ=$7

H

P

8AXH 3-SI

@+I 8

7

Q

D

8L=

@

7

D

H

KU%3

LA= 3

D

KJ

@

3A=

D 3A=

D N

Q VU

H

&3%@

@

8

8AH

$7

D

D

S7

D

] =

7$7 @

=

F

D

- 3A=

2>3A=

@ D

>

ND

@

3A=

@ @

3*

I I ' P 2E3 ,3A=

I 7 D D

P

D

D

@+I1%3

I

2

@C D

3A=

@

3A=

=

> D 3A=

D N

Y>I

%3-;3A=

D

3K>

D

@

>H$I2 @LI?U D >

>H$I @ D

@+WISUJ7%3K@+?EH 3

ND

7V3

KJ

7 D

@

=4= 3A=

D N

@

>E

D

H @L8

7$7 @

8L= -

L3A=

-

E

>

3A=

D N

I?P

D

@ 3

D

7

=

P

H

@

63A=

@

mO

,V3A=

@

>IS8AAG

@,@

ND

D

VU

>IS8A

>

-3-!; ISI

H @L8 D

H @L8 D

H$@L8 D

SIJG

N

>IS8A

+%3L >$>$@

@

=4= P$@

@+H IR@

@LI 7 2 D

>

N

3A=

>E

F3A=

D

D

N

%3-,3A=

D

X@

D N

&3

H

E

8A

7X7$H

43M8L=

D

7U

D @

H$@L8 D

E U

43

8A

@3A= E3;893AHISI?UJ=

A

J

%3- @-3-AG 7

QAH @AP?PE ESI31UG1

R

=

3

D

P'S7 D

G;3A=

8AH

3-

D

U$77$7 53A=

@8L=

A> 3

D

>$@

>

@

ND

3A= E3a=

--6H

G

=

D N

H @L8 D

H

EI D

D

>IS8A

D N

@

@3A= E35M43-2 3A=

A

$7 @ 8L=

@ D

@

@C

P' 7 D

>$@

$7

?

H @L8 D

=

GB63!I

>=

7Ê UK

>8L=

H @8 D

ND

D

3AG 3A=

I?UZ>$@ D

7

D

3A=

>HI @6@ D

@+E3W3A=

@

>

D

I I ' P 2E3

@AU

P

D N

8 @

%3-?@C 8AH

D

3;K>

D

$7

893-?P

P

3A=

@AU

7$763-

AG

H

>

J

=

FN

=

3

&3-

L=

=

6=

$7 ;S7

3A=

D N

V

I?U>3A= E3;3A=

>I 8A

I 7 D

/P

D

@

=4=

7=

>IS8AE3- D

3A=

@T8AJ@LH N

ISI P E3 ;3A= 3A=

=

I@

-3-SISI /P SI2 EI

H @8 D

D

>IS8AAG$7

@+? @

=

I2

B!H @

O

7 E3-F%3K@H$893AH @

> @-3-S8OH$I2 @+@

3A=

3A=

D

5

D

E

93

63 E)UL >$>

D N

3

=

7 D

> D

@LM)H 3

J 8 ,

@ 1I P

ÇH >$>

=

AG 63, =6!=$I?U

3

D

@+ `>

!

A=C8

3

I?U

=

8=

D @

=

6!H @ ] = ¯

@

I

H ?@

D

3

3A=E3L3A=

7$7 63-

7 E3->-3K@LH$893AH @

=

D

-2 >P

?>F@+ >=

>$>IS8AE3-

IH >$>I 8AE3-

D

D

`8A

Ì2 U

I2

@W$7L3A=

M0 4 E3%3

=

@ N D

@+G

'

?>P@C >=

ISH @

D

P

8A 8

> E3%3

D N

8=

D)D

?K>

U563A=

7 D

> @CE3 ND

I @-

S3

D

D D

ISH @

N

@C%3 18A D

N!

D

EI?U

D

SISH @

N

@V

8A

43-I,@

@+- @LUZ8=

@+- @AU68L=

H 3N3* D

@+ >=

@+%3 18A

D

7 P

@ 6@+$7 D

- I & 3,3 D

I2 '

7$H $7 &3

%3 W9

D

= S8=

H &3-SI5 E

&3

E ESI63 UG F '?> D

IW

= 6!=$I?U

7

'

S>U@+ >=

Y>

D

D

I >=S8L=NV7 P

893- 6 ] 'G A= D D = =

D S7

8

@L8=

63A=F= 6!=Z>$@

=

893- W ] GA= D D = =

ISH @

N

D N

>@+> @AU

D

SISH$@

aN

-3K@LH$893AH @

7>

>X

LH$I63-AG)>$@

7 D

@AP M3A=

AH$I63-:G!>$@

8L= -FG E U

H$I63

N

SIJG$7N!

D N

3A= E3635>

I>63

@ 3

> - @CE3- G4Y>I?U'2 3A= E3RE3D D D

8

H43 /3A=;>/U D

SI1

3- 8AI@

E

@

ON D

I - 3 Q 3A= D N

3A=

3

>?@N

@+%3-$7 2

ISI

SIJG$7

N

7 D

N

@C

H$I63>3

\N

F

A

JPE A=Y+`HI63-

-S7

D

D

7

AG=4E

A

=

`H$I3-?>I

N

8O8

D

8

@+$7

3A=

D N

I % 3 P U ISI 3A= ?@ 6!=)E @+,V3A= 'S>F@+ >=F @ I %3 D D N D N D =

I

@+M

>AH$@AP'SP' 5>8=

D

D

I @+$8 @ IE3 7F7 E3-V%3K@LH893AH @ AGAH$8= D D N 3

D3A= E3T8A

@-3- IW3 D D

3%3

SI H @

N

N3A= E3F @

D

3-

3A= E3

7

D

=

3

D

D N

>$@

L8 @+?E

D N

D N

H$I63

=

AG1Q3A=

ISI

'

>S@3A=

E

D

À

893- M ] 'G H?P W@ >S@5 D =

H

7

I%3-,$7Ê @AUK3K@

@ D

893- G, D

3

9

#"%$

´¦

;

>$@+M @AU SISH @

H @Q- H$IE3- AG '?> D D

%3K@LH893

¿('

7

?>

' ' %rÃ

I @-

;

8

E

%@

À Ä ISI

3A=

3A=

D N

D

@

3A= E3YI

A

7E3

3

D

D N

P

7 D

7

? @

@C 7

IE3 D

ISH @

N

Q A= =

D

;

D

?3A=

@

H H

$7

D N

$7 SP'S7H I

SISH @

>$@

I

D

@LI?UVISI SISH @

N

E ESI31U>$8 @ D

7

7 D

-

7

}O

D

@ N D

73A=

IE3 D

8

I E

AH @

I =

6!H @ ] = ' G

2

D N

N

ISH @

N

H È

E ESI2631U D

7

7 D

I ID 3A=

>@

@+7

?^= 7Y

@C >=

3A=

7 D

D N

!

E ESI63 U D

+SI & 3;3 D

8=

V3A=

D

D

@

43

6!=)E

7 D

D

= !=$I?U^@

>$@

ISP

E D

AG=

3A=

D N

Y>

D

3

73A=

D N

>$@+2> @AUJ8

S@;>

&3

3-IB)H È

D

I

D

7 D

@

Z

I?U!

Y>

D

>$>

À 8 @

$@

D

@+ >=

@+ >=

>

7

A

8AH

8

%3

I

=

@+893- D N

7 D

À

=

D N

#"%$

´¦

; 7

D

E U

@+E3-

SISH @

N

H ?@

P

TISI

= 6!=

V

$8

;3A=

D

=

@D= 8L= >$@

AG

ND

&3 @

> - D

> @+E3

Y>

D

G

3A=

2

7 D

> - @CE3- @ VUP 3 D D ND

8A

7

P

5

3A=

D

3-

@4= P D

E= I

E

3

H6E U68

@

ND

ISI

D N

H @ @ (

I @+

5

@ = P

I @+

> + ^ @+E3- D D

!

63A=

53A=

I P

3A=

3

EH 35 @

3

3A=

N

=

E U 7 E3 ° 5 5 $7 ZM 5 5 = I - 3A=E3= P ->ISI =

@+M

µ I D E¢.;

9

'

S>K@+ >=;

3

E ESI63 UGISIW D

H

M

DYD N

3

D

>

7

@+E3-

3A= E3;

?>F@+ >= = P

D

$ISU

D

@+MISI?UG D

W3A=

> @+E3-

; M

D

D N

5SISI A=

3A= E3Q563A=F= 6!=Z>$@

D

3A=

D N

>- D

!

> - F @CE3- D D

P

SISH @

N

3

H$@5%3K@+E3

E3,3A=

D

A=

D

D

=

E ESI63 UG4Y>I?U'2 3A= E3 D

( 3

%

B

@+- @+I

SISH @

N

53A=

=

P@+ >=

Æ Æ ¢

D

> + @+E3- 3A= @+ >= D D D N

,

D N

SISH @

N

D 7 D

=# =

;3A=E35 @

H &3- 3A=

9

7

G>VU

@

3A=

D

H È

@+ >=U;SISIRE

> @-3-S8OH$I @

AHI63Q+E

D

M '

?>

D N

D

3-

7

EH 3 @

@LP E3- D

@+ D

JE

E D

D N

8L=

6!=)E

352

D

3A= E3

H?P

D N

' ¡MU}ZR}N7ZXS½ ZU¡ }Z X Z ¹ ¼ ´ ¦ À¹ ¹ ´ ¹ ´ ° ¢ V>RT[ ¡(%BW3Z!U}V>R ± ³t´´ D §Blmbub¨!© I A= D H aI D D N @ I U LH A= A= D 7 D N A= ?> @ >= @ H O ' D ¢ ?P AH E D N A= D 7 7 P 8 D @L@ K> D $7 E ½O P 8 D @ Ê)U E @ 7 @ N D I ! ² ° ' N $7 D $I?U N D 7 ¶ 4= " 8 D @A@ K> D $7 D ISI @ D A= @

7R V¢ RTS6[yZ 7r X½V7T #aU V>W ]V !Z U

Dq]dd e c "

="

63

7 -8

ND

8AH

D

Y8

G/=

:G

$7

@

À YI

PE3

"

¸

D

893

'

8 D

D

D

@D

=

E 3-2

D

-3L3

D

"

@D

M8

243

I63

D

L$7

E (

=

@A@

K>

D

@LP

D

$7 3

D

V3 E3,

8L=

@+ E3-2 U&3

3A= E3

D

-%3

D

=

$

8L=

3

ND

$7

D N

@APEI

@D

D N &3

ND

93

?

3

;SISI8

&3-!3

D

D

U

63

7 P

7

$7 >

D

R3

' U +

D N D

63-

DFD N

'

7 ?PS7

-%3

3

7Ê UN >>

E

I %3

@>%= S8L=

G3`8A

@LP I!;SISI8

D

AG

' ' °

E3>

ND

43-QE3

$7

D N

3 E3;3

=

43

#

@AP I2

@ D

;63A=

3A=)H>VU

2

$7

-$8

&3

3

%3

3

½O

+ 63 G -

7Ê63 P

¾

= S8=

D N

GT

&3-

>

%3- @+3-L7

43K@C?EH 3

D

3

Æ Æ % 7 8 D Æ

F

!

@ D

=

@,3A=

D

$7

@!

@D

D

-S7

D

4353

-

=

(

=

D

3

3%3-

3

D N

@AP I

D N

ISI ; 3A= E3 D

#

@>= 8L=

Ç

2$8

3A=

'

2PE36I %3

H43AG D

@

ND

8=

3A=

35P-3K@+S893H >>

8

D

D

F2L-3K@+S893AI?UGI + "

H 43-31UG

I

@

;63A=

3A=

@TE

H È

H $7 D

G 3A=

@

@

D N

F3A=

D

H È

MEH 3 "

@C

+N D

@

½O

E 63 P

D N

;63A=

3-

HGT3A=

893

=

@+ D

"

H È

,U =

8

H¢zÂ

D N

@

8

D

;63A=

3-

H &3- D

;63A=

@

3A=

IE3%3 @

-%3-

D

D N

@ D = ( E @AP 3A= E3 8AF8L= @+893 @C AH$8= ' ISIKO D &3 @APEI E63 893 @%8 Y>I 3 I?U6E)UNK> 8A U' 3A= @ I 3A= 8L= 3A= D D D D NB D N N D ¸ 3 3A= @ ;3A=U3A= @ I 3A= 8L= 3A= KI IKO @ 43 @LP I 4= @ @ % D D D D D D D NR N = ¸ ' ISIKO D &3 @APEIAG $7V3A= @ @ D ¼ ¼ ´ ¥ ¹ ¹ ´ ´ ° SI @I?UG3A= @ @ ¢Â ¸ @ D 3 D 7%3K@+?EH 3 D 3A= QISIO @ D &3 @APEIAG D D D = ¦ ¹ ¹ ¹ ´ T/U'!3 D 7 D D = Ç$8 3A= 3* D 7 %3K@C?EH 3- D 5 @ 2$7 > $7 &3AG3A= $7 3A= @ @ ´ ¼ ´ ¦ ¹ ¹ ´ ¹ ´ = 3 3-I8 H43;2 893AISU D D D ¼ ´ ¦ ¹ ¹ ´ ¹ ´ = ÇH>> D P @ ISI !3A= FH?P ;3A= H >$> @ E D H $7 ³t¹ ´´ <

¸ ½O P

&3

@APEI

D N D

7N&3

@APEI

D N

@aI P D

¾ À

I

G

±

"

A=

;3A=FY>$@

D

E E SI%3- 8; @-!H D

5 2

43AG 3A=E3

D

$I?U

@+ @

I?UN->ISI

VH ZU?S½ Æ ¢ B % TR S6[yZ S½ NVx¢ R@S[yZ:!r X V7 · #aUVW }Vy!ZU ' cZR SX V>R\ ¡ %@ Æ ´ µ % % » ¥ 3 9 % B ; ¥ À §Blmbub¨!© = U D E @AP D A= N D @ 8L= '5 N 8D 7 A= D À :9 I 7 A= :9 ; · Â 8D D

° A= A= @ 7 $7 D · Â I D A= > A= N @ D D · AH$8L= A= $7

@ 7 8 6I @ · $H @ A= @ D @ $8 AH8L=^> ?@ @ 7 $8 N D @%7 $8 D Dq]dd e ccZU

ª!Z

"

I

%3

E

· Â

%

H $7

Å 9· Â

E

?Å

3A=

9

3

;

8

=

3A=

+

MI

D

3

D N

I

À

%@ Å 9 N; "

G

43-V

F3

G -

I

43

Y>H 3-

2?3 E3

+3

D

&3-UE3I %3 D

D

;4E

=

0 =

E UZ8

EE3-

5

D

)

&35

D

D

E
RT[.V>W T]Vy!ZU ' ¡ ]VmHVR Z}V>RaSR X½VUa S S½ xVU?WZ!VmU ´ » ¦ # aUx@X½Sy!VyWYUa\VUW3ZV>U ' Âc¢ ¹ ¡}ZXZ À }Z !" #

.

. #"%$

§Blmbub¨!©$ = /P

3A=

'

°

D D N

;3A=

893

=

5

'G3A= D

ND @

A=

N7 %8

@

D

E3B

3A= E353A= &3?3

@+>

-3

D

&p¢ ¹

893AH I[8

D

° Æ ¢

= 6!=

D

.9G=

%3

3A=

"

@;>AH 3- EI

D

7V)H È

'@+%38AE3

E ESI63 UM3A= E3 M '?>U@+ >= D

3A= E3AG563A=

5

3- Y2P3A=

I @+

A

·

D N

D

E3

9"

3= @L7V3

D

A=

D

H$@4>$@

D N D

3

>$@

>$7 5

3A=

M>4]

AH E

H &3- 3A= D

D

N

D

8

E

N

;A=V3

E U D

U @-3- 893

3A= E3;3A=

D

>- F @+E3- D D

@;

=

H %3 = P

>/UJE -S7

D

;SI I$7

H?P

;SISIL=

>@

@

ND

@

°

3-

@QVU

@AUG 7>3A= E3

=

3

@+

4=

7 D

7

> @-3- 8OH$I @+PEISH

¦ ° .#$ #$ ¦ ¥ G$7MI 3 » - = P ´ =

B°

. #"%$

D N

D

H @Q%3K@+E3

8L=V

U

3 3A= E3,7

;SISI.E

V3A= LH

3-

7

D

D N

-

3

= P

>2 E3

ISI @ =

A=

D

D

->ISI

ND

$7

('@+%33A= E3

YP

=

@AU

@B= S8= 7G

@

="

D ND ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ´ ´ ´ ´ ¼ ¦ ¹ ´ B < ¼ ¼ ´ ¦ H I D¼ ´ ¹ µ ¦ ¹ ¼ ´ ¹ <

%

D

Q )UMAH8L=N 3 563A=K+>ISI @ >- D =

= ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ´ ´ ´ º D ¼ ¦ t ³ ´ ´ ± %33

;63A=

=

-3-43> UJE

I @+

'

$@

D

7$H893?2

-SI?UN

¹ ¢ Â Â ' º ´ ' M ¸ |Â ' ³t´

°

I 3

Q >$>I?U

I6

I6

¸ Y]

M>

G
!;

%»

I69

E E SI63 UF3A= E3Q3A=

HG E3

D

%

%3 >3

D

»

I6 E

%

P

;

9&]

E %

!; I69

P

>$@ D

E ESI63 U3A= E3,VUN

>- _ @+E3- G1 D D

A

7

!;

Ä

D N

-

G

@ =S8L=_E

ND

H &3-631UG = 8L=F

3 = ?L+>ISI

D

$I?U_8

]

'

%

8A

4@+63

$7 % I %= @

3A=

D

= 3A=

=

I6(¢MÂ

!;

D

Ä

µ % µ 9 ;¥¼ ´ 9% B ; Ä

I69

%3-!

P

»

;

BE E

%3K@LH893AH @

=

>S@+W7

P

ON

=

D

893-?P

@

4=

=

893-

Ç

753

A

D

7

893- D

D

3A=

D N

H AI?U D

@

8L= -

%

63

D

F

=

H?P =
?@

D

3A=

8= 3A=

%3>2

@

M@

O3A= E3

7

'

?>P@C >=

%3K@C43-`8A:E >/U

@+>$8

ND

43-2)H

D

893-?P

A=

@+%= S8L=

D

@

@+ >=

ON

893- F ] G D = =

>

8O8OH @ 8 D

'

?>

8O8OH`H$I2E3-

@L8=

S7

D

+AGD$7

N

%3-E3

Ç

O3A=

D

@C63A= >3 D

EH %3- D

S7

/P

893- \ ] ] G @ IT/U'>$@ @AP 7UFVU D = =

A=

I6

3A=

8L= 2-OD3

È

@ 3A= D

ISI ; D

ND

@

A

$H @-3A=

>?@R

893- : ] 'GD D = = GT$7

@+7

3!H @C43

D

=

>S@Q

]

L;SISI 7

7 A@LH > 3- D =

&3- H

I

SI H @

N

>/U

I

D

D

7

8 D

.

7 K@H > 3- :G3547 -?@+ EI 3 D D

N

> ?@

I

%3K@+243-AG HSP

@AU

Ç

>E3- 8AISI?UG=

D

ON

3A=

@+ >=

7

D N

>I2S8AE3- D

SISH @

4N

'

?>V@+ >=^8

I A 8 ISI?UGE U D

@

A8 @+?E

H @

=

>?@ISI 3A=

H È

@

I

¹ ´;

AH @AP?P

. 9

0

.

3- V3A= E3 D D N D

@+ >=M8A

8= +

ND

'!

3A= E3PH 3

>?@

@+ >=

8= -

3A=

Q =

D N

@C D

M

?>

H != D

HI631U

Q I63A=

»

. #"%$

I

"

@

µ¢

I

¦

»

I . #"%$

' Â% µ ¢ ¹ ' Â µ¹ ¢ ' µ¢

°

µ

I

' Â%

°

=

%

8

D N

7 E3-

893- " ] D = =

7

8L= -

%

P

%¨ $

3K

D

@AE3K@+ @+SI?UÎ2

7

893-?P

ON

4=

8

H T3A=

@

>S@?

?>F@+ >=

'

!H @CE3-

D

)UV

'

7 D

8

V3A=

LG

5 #

D

-3

D

P I 7

E

%3-E3

=

8AH

%3

> @-3-S8OH$I2 @ 3 U)>

SISH @

N

R3A= E3

7G1

3P;SISIT

SISH @

D N4N

8O8OH @%3- @+3- D

3W@

D

3A= E3+8

A !

> ?@>

8

@+3-

+S7

D

@

=

@ Y7 893AI - N D ON

L8 @+?E

@5ISIRI P

ND

°

= /P

I?U

@ 3A=

'

SISH @

6N

-+E

('

F3

D

D

D

3A=

7 D

D

@

7

"

=

(

'

=

3 <

'(

8AISI

È

63+7 A8

D

P

%

@+Q

@C >=Z>3A=

>/U

D

%3K@+243-

D

'

S>

@M

ND

$7

$8

3A=

A -2%3

D

= D

8

43

$7

E8 >

63-

N

D

=

I7 D

;63A=

$7

D

E3

>S8V893-

D

D

$7 F> 3

D

8L=

243

D

3A=

@+K3

?@J>

63M3

D D

AG

$7

& # $

@P&3 @

-3K@+&3AG63Q63-E3

=S8L=

D

@

;CG

ISI

ISH @

$ % &3

D

;CG

N

893- ^ ] D = = =

7

(

® :9 $@

%3K@+&3-

>?@

D

@

¾

-3K@+&3-

D

! %" #`8 D

D

3A=

D

3-

D

>?@+ 3A=

5 ° = ' ;(° :9 5¬ ; 9 ¸° ¬ I2 G ¸ ° 5¼ ´ 5= ' ;(° : 9 5¬ ; 9 ¸ ¬ I2 G ¸ ° ° 5 = 5¼ ´

´

5 ¼

H?P

%3K@

33

LG 5

N :9 F@+ >= 3A=

° 5 ° 5 °

@

%3K@+243-?3A= E3 7

D

N 5 =

3A=

--?EI

D

$I?U

D

@ D

5

N 5

È

Y>

%3

3A=

2

LG

=

]

$7Z@

8L= 2-

°

%

L @

EHJI-3R3A=

@C >=

D

8L= -

=

'

S>

7

43

D

I>E3

@CK3

=

N

D

>

!

D

@ N D

3A=

@

@

&3N3

D

1G

=

3A=

Y>I I?P

>$@

8L=

3

H

893-?P

D N

P D

SISH @

N

@

7 D

I?P

3

D

4= =

V

N

I 7

= 8L=

AH$8O8

-

5

@

>&3-

Q

7

@ D

3K@+?PISI?U

$7

D

HSP

E 8 >

243

D

@ >@ D

@

7

N

E

63+7

@

ON D

°

5 >

P ISH

>$@

D N

8 D

7 D

3AGB

D -

>$@

--E

7

8

@

@

7

>?@

)P @+243=

I[8

%3K@C43-%7$H

D

-

@QE3+I P D

-3K@+&3- 3A=

D

S@4>$@

I 7 DP3A= D

¶

I

G

' %

$7

8

D

I `8L=

$I?UM3A= 3A=

Q I6 D

D

3-SI

8A 3A=

@+63A=

D

3A= E313A=

7$H @C >

7

@

63

7 D

SP

@N$7XAH$8O8 D

D

8

+

3

@ D

I 3

,3A= 3

>

D

)PE @+&3T8

D

@CE3- 12 3A= >@ D

7 D

N

SISH @

%3K@+&3-

D

=

E

@

H AG

$8

VU

D N

²°

@>ISI?

ND

D

@

D 7

SISH @

N

²°

!

$7

N =

@

7

K>

J=

893-?P

ISITI P I

LG$7U3A=

P H PEISH @;3A= UF @ 3;3 D D D

D

I?UG

G

5

)PE @+&3;

=

§ ¨!© ÇH$>$>

3A= E3LU

H @

D N D

# 7 a %B N !

-S7

4=

=

@-3/$7 7

8L= 2-3A= E34H

@543 @ I P D

@B3A=

ND

:'!M $>

D

3A8U3

893?3-

°

5

D

)U&? U D

I

M!

3

3

$7 2 \>

D

c > Q ! 7 D

D

I P

K>

G'3R;SI I

@+ 3

@+ 7 S8AISISU+8L= 8 P3 63-D 6!=VE @+WE3 8L= D D A N D

5SISI7

&3

D

@A@ D

2VPE @+&31>&3-

7 D

8

@D3A=E3R=

@+ E3+I P D

> ?@VUJP I E3 7 D

>

!=VE

3A= E33A=

7 D

3A=

D

-S7

D

5 $7 5 ½ ! !, D D >

ISU

A>

7GR3A=

;SISI >

3A= E3TL

+@

@

;SI I 8

3%3-2

I?P

7 D

D N

--?EI

D

>$@

@ D

@:G

E= I

K>

$8

$8

7

8L=N

8 Q3A= E3 63-

@

P

> @

G

D

GB3A= H !

D

@I P

ND

D

3?,> =

893-

&3-E3-

=

D D N

D

--E

G$7NM E

3

=

@%8A

( @

ND @

&3K@

-2>SI @

]); 7$H @+ 3A=

D

>

4=

=

@-3

IS7 R>$@C / @ 3 3A= @+3 > @+E3- D D D D =

M535N>?@L@

7H$8A ! D

D

@+E3- > $7W>$@ P 3A= E3D3A= 7 R 3P IE3 D D D D D

%

%3K@+&3

D 3A=

@-3

)P @+243=

AH$8O8

D

>

D

7 -

D

@;>E

TI + R3A= V3A=

D

@aI

8L=

¯

@+E3- U @ SI I ; D ND D

5

(

D N

Q I6

%

%3K@C43

D

Y

D

D

7

(

8

D

- 7

@

%3K@+&3

D

I2

3A= E3, E

%

@+3A=

=

D

8

8=

'

4

+S7

D

L7$7

\9$7U63-AH E@

D

@

H 3-

7

%

3A=

@

--E

¯

7 D

%3K@+&3

D

'

N =

K$7

$I?UM>-

D

F

9 I2

] @-3

--E

7

E

8 D

+

D

D

7 D

8

3A= %>$@

3A=

8 D

-+E --E

3

]);;

7 D

D @

AH 3- EI

E3

B@

E3

$8OH @A@

D

-

@ D

X

=)H &)

=

>$@

@C63A= D

7

8

&3,

@+3-

°

=

4=)H &) =

°

G

!;

@4>+ D

I GE7L3.@

N

D

%

8O8OH$@+= D

@

+

@+63A= D

]);CG

@ 8A

Q I6

D N

4=)H

I

N =

%3-AG

%'

@D3A= P3-

K3A=

=

IE3%3

@ 3A=>63-

'

LH 63- EI

Q I6

D N

= 4= "

7

AH8O8

@-3-

D

9 I

7H @+ `8

D

9 I

7L3

D

N

¾

D

Q7

D

3

I

%3K@+&3

D

>-

7 D

G1$7 G @ 8 SP 4= H ° ¾

N =

@ D

@

=

8O8OH @+K= D

!;

D

43Q

3A=

3-

-

+(

$8OH @A@

D

-MISI @

SI25

@W

3

7H @+

]);CG

@J8A

%

@+63A= D

@+63A= D

I2E3%3

Q I

D N

Q I6

4= =

%'

D N

7G 3A= H -E3-2 U N

A

@ N D

"

7

->ISI @

$ISU+>-

D

@+63A= D

:9 I2 D

K

3*

D

SIB!3A=>@

Q I6

D N

3

9 I

N

7 D

`N

3

V

7 D

3AH$@+ ,

¥

D

A

@ N D

D

3

]);M

H $8L=

7 !

A

$7

D

N

--E

+-E

@+3A= 3*

+-E

D

7ZE

>2

@C6H I 3 Q D

@-3

]);

I ' @

@+3A= D

%3-:GISI

Q I6

D N

2

$7 2 3

K>

]

@C6H I D

3

7

3AH$@+ M

7 D

8

SP

¾

=

N

3A= H -E3- U

N

=

À G $7! --E 3 D 5 ¾ 9 I M< % D N Q I6 D @C63A= %!; = N :9 5 ; 5 ° : 9 R; 5 GR3A= 5 $7 --E 3 D 9 I Q I @+63A= ]);CGR$7 5 ¼ ´ ° 5 ¾ = ,I G 5 $7 L3A= --E 3 D D N D 5¥ 9 I2 ] D N Q I6 D @+3A= ]); = D 7 '&) D @+6H2 I K --E D $I?UK 43?3 D D 7

K
@

@ N D

'

%3K@+&3

D

8

+

@ D

=

À G $7 L --E 3 D 5 9 I K< % D N Q I6 D N :9 5 ; 5 ° : 9 R; 5 G3A= 5 $7 +-E 3 D "9 I2 D N ]);CG,$7 5 5 ¼ ´ ° ¾ 5 = I G 5 $7 3A= -+E 3 D Q I6 @+63A= ]); ] 7 '&) D @+H I K +-E D $I?UM 43?3 D D 7 D N D D = D

@YI P

I

"

3

+>ISI ? @ 3A= F63- I G $7F3 @ 8 ?P ,3A= N

8

!->ISI ? @ 3A= F3- I =)H N =

5¼

8

D

@A@

´°

A>

"

D

7

69 I

D N

Q I6

K D

@+63A=

--E

]); =

N

I?U

D

D

@ N D

D

7

SI

N

3A=a>$@

8 D

-

1(

3A= H +E3- U'

N

4=

H ?3A=

'

%3K@+&3

D

2VPE @+&3,>&3-

>$@

7

@

+

D

I +8=

8L=

>633A=

D

7

I 'T8L=

%

À !;

@C63A=

%= S8L=

7H @+

9 I2

@-3- G P D

'

3È

D 2

( 4=

D

3

^7

H 7

I

9 I

'

'

7

=

%

D

3WE

D

D

> D

3

63

@+63A= D

7

I 3

5

$8

> D

7

D

3 E

=

"

5

7 D

¾

'È

-+E

@ 3

5¥

D

U

N

=

I 3

9 I

;CGBISI3A=

9 I

9 I

7G

=

--E

+(

7G

Q I6

D N

%

8=

Q I6

D N

I 'a@

@+63A= D

D

@+63A= D

;

Q I6

7

;

=

' @

7 D

D

5

'

Q I6 D

"

N

D

=

¾

9 I @

;

D

@+3A= D

4= Q

=

@

D

Q I6

D N

H 7G9 I

D N

D

>2ZH$8L=

]

%3K@C43

+

'

8L=

"

ND

D

H $7F9 I

ND

¯

AH$8O8

6H &3-SIB63

!2

3

$7 P

%3K@+243

D

P

@+63A= D

9 I2 D N

8L=

(

+S7

D

II ; D

ND

]

8

=

=

5 D

AH 3- EI

D

%

7G 3A=)H-E3- U N

7

Q I6

D N

@CE3- D =

H &3-SID63`@

;

;4H43-SI163@

°

ISH @

D N N

%3K@+&3

D

7 D

3

@3A=

--E

3W9 I

ON

°

@+63A= D

(

D N

D N

H$8L=

5

3-

I

I 3

3-

D

Q I

N

3A=

@CE3- D

E3

>

3

D N

>$@

7 5 " V

3A=

D

F7

@

7

]

7

Q I

D N

7

7

G = 8L=V?

9 I2

D D

I @

3

D

D N

=

@C63A= --E

;CG

%= S8L= LH 63- EI

7G13A= H -E3- U N

=

2VPE @+&3,>&3-

È

a>-

"

3

ON

I 3

I 3

3

=

;CG $7

AH 3- EI

7

@+63A= D

D

3A=

D

I 3

P

%3K@+&3

D

H ?3A=

(

ND

7

7

7

=S8L=

;CG ISI 3A=

Z $7 !

67

;CG/=S8L=

Q I

N

V3A=

@>E D

À G Z $7 L 7 I 3 7G463 > - W3A=

>2FH $8L=

@+E3- $7 >$@ P 3A= E33A= 7 3 ' P IE3 D D D D D

%

7$H @C 3A=

I?U_>-

D

D N

% ¯

> -

3aE

"

>

D

IS7 >$@C @ 3 D D D

%3K@+243 M;63;M>?@L@

D

E

@+63A=

I 3

I2 '%@

7 a ('! | T

8L=XI P I

D

@+3A= D

Q I6

--E

D

7 D

)PE @+&3+=

@C63A= D

N 5 =

Q I

Q 3

( @

ND

Q I6

¯

= ! D N

3-SI

3A= E3Q3A=

7$H @+2 5 7

52

D

%3-AG/ISI

=

7

8

'

§ ¨!© Ç H >$>

AH63- EI

D

c ] c Q % > > % >

½ ( >

@Q D

>>] =

7

')' ' %

7H @+ W7

G]

=

M$7J]

'

=
$@ 8 SISH$@ D D N.N =

7 S@

893AI?UMHSP

~{ # p c p %D > > % > > # L > 3'

4=

D

@

] =

'

] =

a B!m N 7¡ :'

4=

E8 >

I I =

3K@+6

@

$7^7

(

7

I 3

Q I63A= E3-

G

D

E D

D N

7 D

@AP

E8 )>

&3

D

%3K@+243-,E)U>

Ç

MSI @LI?UG

Q PA= AH$8O8

3A=

SISH$@

8

4=

@

%3K@C43-

D

p pu

R8=F 5

°

7 D

8= -

@ D

7

7

] I

E3

N

@

@ D

3A=

@

=

8 D

=

H S@

63-1

D

@

SISH$@

N

8

@-3R$767

> ?@5

8L=U

%3K@+&3-7H

D

>

3

7

P 3

P D

:N SI

$7

;

-3K@+&3-AG$7

243 3A=

'G

7 D

@-3

D

8

D

@Y7

¯

\8L=

> @+3M

'

7

893- D I

'

893>3A= 2

8937\@

3

@-3MYH

D

@

@

4=

=

H

Z8A

%

=

&3

D

]

%% =

SISH$@

N

7

È;

=

=

9 3 @J= P N

=

3-E3

> ?@;3A=

D

$7

?@N)P I 7

> D

7

=

I?U

D

%3K@+&3-M7

'$@+%3Y>

3

I 3

I 9 I

E3JI P I

@-3

P' 2I E3- 3A= D D D N

D 3

@-3E3WI P

@C 7 S8AISI?U8= 8 63 D

E D

2

8 63-TE8 )>

G7

7

H

>

Ç

?@68

D

D

7F

I 3

=

I

> @-3- F3A= 7

7

2

3A=

-3K@+&3-

D

@+DE3?ISII P D

:7

8A &3;3

D

>I2

893AI -;%3-E3

D

7 D

8

7 3

A

ISH @

N

D

G 63TI 7 3 D

!=VE

$8A M

ON 3

R8=

@+ X$7 D

63;AH

63-47

D

I 3

7$H$@+ U

6!=VE

3A=

@J7$H @C D

+%3

3A= E3 3

7

'

D

=

3-

D

@ D

@, 7 D

@+ D

%3

@CE3- D

@+ 7 8AISI?UY8L= 8 ' D

D

7$H @C F2

%3K@+&3-

D

!;CG 63-P

?>F@+ >= Y7 SP'S7

%

@-3

T3

@ D

@+63A= D

893N$8

>$@

7

À I

I8

D

I

--E

3

> D

3Y7$H @C U3A=

D

7 D

I 3

8= +

AGD$7

2V= S8=

6!=VE

Q I6

;SISI 7

8L= 2-

D N

@ I P

P

N4N D

3

)PEIS7

SI2,7$H$@+ !N

G =

À JI

=

$7

%3

&3

D

'

7H

P I E3 7F> 7 T/U D

@

%3K@C43-

D

'

D

%3K@+243-

D

3A=E353A=

A

8L= -

3

D

8L= 2-

8 '563-&3

I

63-

>?@3A=

> ?@

7$H @C Q

@+E3- ; @ 8 Y>I 3 7G 3A= 8 %3K@+&3- @ -E3-2 D D D

%N

IR8

63-

@ D

>

8L=

G

>?@M

)P I2S7XE8

8

I 3

3

%3K@C43-3

D

@-3

D N

@ I P

7

@

> U6E

I 8

P I E3 7 D

5SISI1

" L 7

D

8= -

B!H @

N

^N

@ I P

@:G/

,893-

>

D

D

D

K

P

D

>?@5

3

@$7V&3

SI

N

%3K@+243

D

@B7!&3

%3K@+&3-

D

3A= E353A=

@ I P

$7U 63-E3

ISI3A=

&3

D

@W8

D

(

ISH @

aN

E8 )>

3
D

D

D

-3K@+&3-

D

$I?U

D

@T$7K&3

&3

D

3A=

P' I E3 7 D

@

63A=

>S@>3A=

43

@ I P

I

=

% ' %" %

> @ D 7 8 ISI?U 8L= 8 A= 5 5 ° %= @ ISI,I P I ND ÆÀ MÆ Ä P I K@

+

9 Q I6

A

D

',3 E3

@C63A=

M

!;? N

6347

3

F

893-5

3

=

$8

3 +6

-%3

D

" 5

$8 U

c y T ½ > Y !¡ !!!¡

'

ÀÀ

@+!3A=

°

LG $7N3A= E3 5

E 8 >

D

243

@ 8 D

° F= 5

%3K@+&3

@

>?@

=

!¡ > H ! 4

¥

# 9" # " "

´

6!H @

'

¯

¬ ¥° ´

'

IE3- E 8 )> &3 @,$7N43 @ I P I @+E 3- 3A=E3 G @ )U G' $7 G D D D = D ND @;V U ND =

]

M®

À

'

& ' u© Q I @ A= @@ > ?@ ¨ ¶ 4 D

N D !

¨69 m ¢ ¶ "$# &% ¿ @Ã ¿ Ã ° +; (' À # ! " ¶

6¨ 9 m ¢ ¶"$# &% ¿*) Ã ¿ Ã ° +; +' # ! " ¶ 6

I

'

+3

I

'

!

H > ) 1

J@

5 7 8 $ $ ! :% $) 1 4 5 (7 8 (

G G

D

G

3

D

6!=)E

Ä

G

Ä

!=VE

@ D

6!=)E

@8

-3K@+&3-

D

ND

@5 D

7

=

¿ |Ã ¿ ¶ Ã @

D

7¯

@:G D

"

A

T3

6

3

G

" G4+S7

?P

¨ 7 1° +' # 8 Y> A= @Ç 7 D # 8 Y> ¾ A= @Ç 7 D

¨ % K} 7 ° % -,

¨ Ä % K} 7 ° Ä !=)E D @ ¿ S7 Ã ¿ Ã

#Ä ! " # ¨ >} 7 # ! Ä " # # ! " # ! " # ! " !=)E @ ¿ S7 Ã ¿ Ã D

Ä D

A

4

8

G G

%

&3

D

¿ #Ã ¿ ¶ Ã

E8 )>

+2 PVPEIS7

:'

6

¥ ° ´

6

6

3

6

,+

*

;-/+

/+

6

-

;-/+

-

6

/+

6

G

°

D

G&-S7

G

G

6

6!=)E

Ç

;

@

G

Ç Ç

!

G

G

3

!=VE

D

@

%> ,+ -,+ -? % -, K} ; @:G T3

6!Ä =VE

D

¿

D

D

Ã ¿ Ã

¿ Ã ¿ Ã

@ S7 G 6!=)E @:G T3 6!=)E @ -S7 D D D @ S7 G G 3 !=VE @ D D D G&-S7 G 6!=)E @ -S 7 SG 3 6!=)E @ D D D 6!=)E @ D

D

3A=

+' ? % -, K} +' #

D @ S7

-

-

!

3A=

;-,+

K}

-

3A=

Ä

' ' À

Ä

+' #

# 7& % a 'r

§ ¨!© V- !I

7

D

I '?3A=

4=

'

8A

°

5

Q I6

@

(

@ Q I6

3

!; =

° ¾ 5

Q I6

!; =

@+3A= D

Q

@;

5

7 D

$7

$8

D

&3K@+E3

G@

-

Q 4I 3A= , -+E @ 8L= 5 D D

@

3-

%3

5

@+ D

?3A=

7 D

°

(

¾

'È

K3

D

3A=

D N

Q I6

D N

_9 I

D N

!; = 4=

@+3A= D

È

H

243 @Y8 %3K@C43- @ D D D ND

893-?P631U

>?@+ 3A=

=

° {¯ D 7 5 ° $7 ¾ &' A= 5 5 ° 5 ° ¾ ¯ D 7 5 ° ¾ >

2

EH 3

D

3K@+S8

ND

EH 3

@+3A= D

N

=

¾

Q I6

3A= E3

H 3aI + D D

ND

P D

P' 2I E3- D D D N

=

%

;63A=

>$@

r M > > Q # > >7 4!a ]

#'

'

13 D G

Q I

D N

5 ¾ G D @ 5 °

9 I2

È

D N

!; =

@+63A= D

; ISI> -,63

D

= 4= 3- 5 GH &3-SI 63T@ 8= ;P D 7 ¾ AH$8=F3A= E3 5 5 ° 9 I ' È D @ % < D N Q I6 D @+63A= !; = D 7 I D $7 " G G 1 G !3 D 9 I2 ' D @ % ' D N Q I D @+63A= !; = > D @ 8 ?P 3A= E3P -+E G 3- ° = 4= H N 3 @ Q I6 D @+63A= &' L= AG ° G$@ -3 D @+ ( D %3K@+&3 $@

&3-

D

&33

D

3

D

-MSI @3

>

8

I

Q I6 D

D

D

@+63A=

D

3A=

D

@

$7

@!

L3

3

D

D

7 D

D

7

G

D

9 ;

H >R7 E3

%3K@+&3a@

D

>E3A=

N

K

E

3

D

>?@

3

H$>$@

-

D

@ >

'% À

¾

D

7 &3

8=

¾

8

-

@ 3

&3

D

D

@`> >

D

D

H

@a> D

&3

&3 3

7N3

D

%

D

D

7 D

> 9 I2

D

%'

D N

Q I

243

@! 63

!; =

9 I D

V$7

E3+I P I

D

3A=

@CE3- D 7

@+63A=

43!3

D

> D

D

@

ON D

D

@`> D

2%3-

%3 E

K

D

-

Q I6

D N D

@53

8

$@

L63-

@ 3

5

D

> ?@R

-

9 I2

D

@

63-;LH$8O8

@+> D

7

$7

@T3A=

N

-

°

5

@

3

7 D

2%3D

8L= -

F

A

3-LH$8O8

=

63- >$@

"

8=

8A

H >R7 E3 $I?U

7 D

3A=

M63

@

D

G

=#

=

B

@ 8

7GH > E3A=>;SI I'-3-SISI

=

--E

!;CG9 ;

8A

7 D

8A 3A=

D

@;3A=

3A=

D

&3

D

?R63-E3

+S7

D

E8 )>

?>K@C >=G

8L= -

' 2A= = >

3A= E353A=

893-SP'63 UKK3A=

>S@D

P D

"

%

@+63A=

G3

À

D

7

D

D N

!;

$7GT9 ; 3A=

WI

D

D

E

7

3

-+E

37

D

I 3

$7

=

A

D

5 ¹

D

>-

' %

]

3

63,3

=

=

=

=

=

=

>S@

8L= D

3A=

D

D

3

>?@

893

=

>

!

'

H AGT3A=

@CE3- D =

(

D

P

@

7

@

8L=

3A= E3Q

@

>

@3A=

7

I 3

7

2

8L=

?

7 D

È

3

@

ND

GT

D

7

@C>$8

G

+AH 2

@

@

> D

7

"

5

7

;SI I 3K@

E3

I

I P

I

Â

@

D

>I28

E)U

7

N

°

6369&E

D

7

I 3

>

D

>8

D

EH 3 -+E

@CE3

°

5

3

H != D

3A=

@

>?@

K7$763-

G;63

D

I

D

@+E3- G'Q 7 7 D D D

-%3

D

8 Q63= SI

3A= @

8L= -

IR

3A=

D

8L=

63

&3 E8 )

>

&3

D

@

@+E3- D =

È

4

=

>63R3A=

D

7

3-SI

(

@

ND

%3K@+&3

D

¾ À G 8= D 7 $7 5K 8L= D 7 3A= E3+@ 8 ?P 3A=

A

+-E

+-E

¯

8O8OH @ D

:9 ;

° :9 /UWE

5

3A= E3

=

$7

3 =

3

D N

I P

À Y8

>2 53A= @

3K@+S8

3A= E3P3A=

7

I

8A

II ; 2 D

ND

5

!; = C=

@+63A= D

K

%3K@C43

D

D

>?@K

® ¾

P' I E3 7 D 3A=

D N

I

G

° 5 ¾ 5

3

D

EH 3?

Q I

D N

>E3A=

@ 8

ÇH$>$>

D

8L=_I P I

"

G

D

H$@

ND

G

@Q

ND

H ?3A=

%)%

"

%3K@+&3

D

=

G

3A=

7 D

D

´

D N

D

;

%3K@C43

ND

D

;

8L=

5

¬¹

%3K@C43 Q KU>

8A N

°

;

8L=

(

È D@

-3K@+&3

D

;

8L=

D

D

3A=

8L=

--E

(

D N

9 I

243

D

I 'E3RISI 3A=

7M7$H @+ 3A=

4= =

$7 N

4= > D

73A=

$7

@+3

D

@+E3- D =

D

> D

@+ 7 8AISI?U+8L= 8 D

5

@

--E

>

N

8L= 2-

W>$@

D

3

=

3

I \ 7 E 8

@-3

°

243

893-?P631UF I % 3 D =

N

@+E3- ; D =

893 3A=

@+6!=&34H 43- I

--E

--E

7 D

8

P I E3- D D D N 3

7

@;ME D

G8A K< G ( @

34E

D

8L=N

´

=

S@A@ 3

'

3R

D

@-3

D

D

> D

893-Q

63-

D N

3

@Q3

$7

:I2 53

3A=

&3

D

%3-2 Y8

893V3

@ >

°

G7

H &3-SI 63= @

N

D

2

D

%3K@C43;;SISI

D

8

7 D

5

D

D

>S7$7I

D

3A=

I

63-

N

-

7G

G= S8=

D

EH 37

3A=E3 3A=

@

$7

3F3

I2?P

G

6U

63-!AH8O8

7

8= -

8

7 D

-+?EI

D

3-`>-

8AH

@

@4>E3A= >

H$>

?@Q893- D

3

> @+E3

&3PE3

D

4=

=

I P

@

8 D

ND I

3QE3Ì P I

>S@

È

D

I?U

3A=

3*

@5-Y>I2S8A631U

G163+8A

>$@

8L= 2-

EH 3P E

P' I E3 7 D =

D

' @

ND

PS7 D

=

+SI?UU3K@C P

8L= 2->

'

Â

&3PE3YI P I

@+

3A=

=

I-3?E3%I P

3A=

= 6!=

'

@-3- D

@4I P

4=

>$@

3

8 D

7 D

5¬ ¹

°

@+>

@

%= S8L=F

K

?>V@+ >=

(

P' 2I E3- D D D N

3

-%=

IV3A=

5 =

'

Â I

=

È

%3K@C43

D

´ EH %3 ° G

3

@

H

3

I K3 D

;63-5

G

6!=)E

G

=

7 D

8

$7 3A=

%@ D 3A=

%@ D 3A=

%

Ç =

5

°

3

3

E U

5¬ ¹

´

ND

+-E

I2%3 8 D

" #" G 1G

M® ¾

@;)U

--E

À

T3

I

3

= /P

3

3

E D

&3

@ I P

@-

¹ ´ 5

$

I8

7N3

! D

;T3

3

3A= (

=

5 =B >

3A=

@

D

%3

D

8L= 2

--E

¬ ° 5

%3K@+&3

D 3A=

@&3

=

D

@-;2

'$7F+>ISI D

5 = 3A=

>

\@

D

%3

7 D

T>-

D

¬ °! ¾ 5

7F3

5=

= D

G

7F3

D

N

7

5=

5

=

G$7M3

$ 5 "

5

°

3

=

5

$

$

5

¹ ´

] =

' %]¯ (

? UF

I-3E)U

$ 5 = D 7

GH "$ 5 " N 7

D

8L= K

--E

6!H @

D`D

@+

3

D

@

'

>S@YP' I E3 7 D

À

]

&3

@ I P

-3- @-3-

"

>-

=

--E

@-;

'$7WI @+ D

D

3A= (

=

;3

43-

°!

> ?@; P I E3 7 D

¯

°

5

$

³ 3 2 º

43-

D

E3

$7 MK

D

5 G ?3 D

$7 ,563A=

$7

9

@

3

FE3TI P

$7

@-

$7

9WI-38

I

E D

I

N

D

" < G

E D

>$@

I P

? U

$7 ,563A=

E

7V3

E U!

E

>$@

I

D

$7

3A=

E

>$@

Ç

D

893

D

ISI ; L D

I P

>@

3A=

ND

,

D

E

')' ¯

@-3563-

E=

=

¯

]

@+E3 I @aI P I3 D D D

ISI ; D

ND

"

6!H @

E3I P I 4=T>$@ 8 -;S7 &3-S8AI 3 D D E=

D

´ ® :9 @

E D

5¹

5¹

=

" #" G

´

3

G3A=

'

>$@

!

T3

D

E D

%3

>563A= D

=

7 D

8

I2%3TE)UF

E

3

E

$7

M0 4$@

5¹

T3

¯

8

´ Â

+-E

$7 ;;63A=

D

= P

@5&3

°

5 ; 3

3

@ I P

E D

=

3A= (

°

'

¾

! T3

! D

5¹

´¾

3A=

' À

È

@+

%3K@+&3

D

7V3

´

=,

>

3A=

5¹

=

´

=

D

7

D

G

--E

^@

D

5

3A=

=

@5&3

´ °

'7N+>ISI %3 5 5¬¹

B A232JA2M!8JH4A' 43A= >$@ 7 8 - @+ D D D N A

D D

¹ ´ 5

$

$76I2 @- 3

=

&3-

D D

G

'

Â

E34I P I

!

LH$8L=F3A=E3

> ?@; P I E3 7 D

$7 2 >M

D

Â G

5

! 5 ;R3 D '

9JI-3 8

>@

3A=

D

@-;

&3- 2

D

3A= (

=

$

@ D

-+E

E UF

" < G

3

" 5

96I2%3,8

>$@

7V3

5 =

º

32

$7

=

@-

ISI ; P D

'

Â

"

D

+N D

I

3A=8A

3 @

893

%@ D

,

%3- @-3-53A=

$7

Ç

D

Ç

I P

"

D

5 N

¯

7 L3A=

%@ D

'

=

=
+

´ °! ¾

D D

'

5¹

7

´ 3-SISI

=

&' +' © " " N D @ D 7 H > J@ 8 ?P " #" 7¯

¨ D % ¾ +' Ä ! " #" D !=)E D @ ¿ #Ã ¿ Ã Ä # Y>° !=)E @ ¿ #Ã ¿ Ã D

!=VE Ä @ ¿ (Ã ¿ Ã° D

Ä ! ! D

¨ ° + ' # # ! " " Y> D

,+

-/+

!

) 1 4

-

G 1G

T3

G G

=

5

G

!

,+ .-,+

5

4

1

T3

5

G G

° !=)E @ ¿ |Ã ¿ Ã D

!=VE Ä @ ¿ |Ã ¿ Ã° D

Ä ! ! D

¨ ° + ' # # ! " Y> D

T3

G3-

H >

6

G G

3-

%

;

T3

6

6

=

G ;G

3K@+ 8

>$@ D

'$@+%3

3

3A=

P

4=

N =

I2 M3

5

63!

5

9 I

= ,3

35

8

¾

@

>S@D

' 2A=

=

3A=

>

&3

7 D

63A=

@>

"

3

P

"

3

D

I P

>

M T3

I 243

-+?EI

D E

D

L- !I

D

" <

@

8

-+E

@-3 D

P I E3- 3A= 43 @ I P I D D D N

>@

P D

7V3A= E3,3A=

7

I2%3AG&563A= 3A=

Q

'

'

E3

;

À@

" K

H 3 I - 2%3- D D

" #"

@ I P

8O8OH @+

D

5

$7

W3A= @

@M63P

U

$7

> -

D

"

E

@ D 3-

H !=>

5

°

P

>+

@+I

=

?P

F

7 D

4=

--E

' À

F

7 D

2%3D

@T3A=

3

N

" 3

D

5 5¥

>E3A=

>

3

7

@

Ä Ä Ä

D

D @

D

W

H

+-E

3

8

D

3*

5

7 D

7

1G "

7

D

3A= E3

@-3 D

I K3 D

D

D

H >R7 E3

F

3A= 8=

VU

63

N

I2%3-

D N

D

7:E U

"

5

°

+-E

G

'$@C%3Y8A

IE3%3

3A=

@CE3- D

3A=E3L 3A=

@

ON D

> D

2%3-

%3 E

I 3 D

=

D

D

S> 3

>I8

3 I

8= -

G H &3-SI63@

3

@

+-E

N

?P

G

E3

5

7N3

5 " = +@

8

D

@

G13

M

H T3A=

D

:@

"

7

?@R

7 D

G _@
E3A= D

8

I-3-?3 @+> E3

A

D

3A=

G :@

7

°

5

R

3

D

>S@

D

7_E U

8

3

$7

@

--E

>I8

3A=

3

D N

>E3A=

¯

-2 !I

D

I D

II ; a9 ; D

ND

D

3

" ?@

3

=

3A=

D

>S@L

7

Q I6

D N Q I

D

@

D

=

--E

D N

7

I

D

@-

43K@CE3

?->I I ? @ 3A= V3A=

$8

--E

I >3 D

P D

7JI%3-TE3, HSP

D

E

%@

63-I " >

' =

G

7$I?UP >$>I?U

=

D

=

# " & ! ' &

'

@D

ND

'

8L=

G

7

8L= -

G ' = ,U G @? ' = UY@ > E3 D ND $ G 3 G N D @ D G = @ %

8=

=

3-

D N

-

D N

8

=

D

7

GH

Q I6

$I?U

D

9

+>$@

D

P

7

2

=

&3

)(

%

; D

=

@

D

& ' D

=

I>2 E3

3A=

%N D

7

3A=

7

. &

3

U3*

A

ISI @AUJ] D

& G=

%3- @+3- KE3

E

@ D

&

>E3A=

U,+ =

= /P

&

@+

@

8

$7

D

G/

@

3

N

8OH 3-?P

.

3

'

&

D

=

=

G;63A=

@+>2 E3-

=

@APEI

D N

D

8A

D N 7

D

@Q

ND

G

3-2

D N

GH3A=

>?@)UJP' 2I E3 7 D

'0

4=

8L=

>E3A=

@ D

+%3-

; ISI@

>>6]

D

' 3

@+3A=

>I8

H $/ H

D N

@R

3

893-?P631U

>E3A=G7

D N

D

> E3A=M8

--3-

D

8AJ@

G

347 2%3-$893AG 3A=

D

D

= P

U

& ' =* &

'

3-2

D N

5 @

8L=K

(

! #"

'

&

'

@LP I

H

H?P

%3- 68 3A=

' & 3

= S8=

+

3A=

D N

'

A

@ I P

3-

D N

3

8O8OH @A@ D

&

#

= =)H :G

#

'

4=

=

G

'& & " ' !

@APEI

&3

' $'

G/

$'

' 3

'

M>W]

' 3

'

@

D

E

!

'

'

0'

'

! ! ! ! ! !

@D

3

N

M= /P

3

'

'

' = =)H

' =

'

=

'

893- ] D ='= =

>>6]

3

@ D

P

+ ]

D =

'

%3K@+&3-

] G +

' (

D

E8 )>

E8 >
&3-

7

7 =

Q >$@

P D

>E3A=G

D

@-3

3A=

7/G7

-

-

H$EI?U D 8

D

893

I-3?E3%I P

SP

I (

7

7

7JI%3

3A=

D N

' =

A=

3A= @

7 D

'

H !=Z]F-E3- D

Y>

D

D

I (

H AGISI3A=

8 D

7 D

3*

@

3

N

2QI

&3

;L3A= E3P)U

D

4= =

I2%3;E3 I P 8

I (

I2

'

%3K@+&3-

D

4= =

7

H AG

@QISIB3A=

ND

7 D

$7

3A=

G

@

ND

' % ! & ( '

I

+

G1;3A=

H EI?U D

>MM]

I2%35E3 I P

7G7

0 =

D

@+3 D

]

=

! (

@

D

3M

=

2

7

D

8 D

D

893

3A=

D

7

3

E D

8

Z$7

3-

D N

3A=

D

7 D

@APEI

D

7

&3

-

893

'63

893

7F8

G

D

3A=

@

&3

@

=Q3

3A=

D

63

D

Y>

D

@

Q )U

=

$7

7 D

E D

-

N

3A=

2

N+ !I

=

>

3$I

#!$ # 7Ê U% A=&!

' 9;

E A=

7' !()*+,+ -

D

I I EO@L=?>JP 8

D N

.0/3

' 9;

#( 1:9 R;

'

@%>@ D

.

I !" A=

D N

@O>$@

+

% %! (

% # ! ! ! ! ' %

3/

AH$8O8 D

@ # 7 D

>O@ D

'

ND

@H

N

!$7

7

D

!$ +@O>

H EI?U D

A=L I

I

?@; 8L=

%

@ A= D

D

I ! 7B !;+

'

# 7

I

@@

D N

D

A8L=* !"M EO@L=?>^P 8

I OP I

I OP I

'

N

#O@L D

!

D

ND

92 ;/

'

Ì OP I

4.

' 92

;

('

!7:I !

? 8 D

!6@

8=R.

A=D !#O@

D

!7^7

'-! #E !$ #O@AP

I?

D

H EISU

I

'

D N

D

@ G A= ! 7 7 D D N N D >O@

I 6! 7

I !" A=

D N

'

! D

!$7

')' (

D

!7

!$I?U

+ =)H8

69FPQ" (/

92`;+

%

'

8 D

D

>$@ !

P 7; !KBE D

D N

! 7O@ !"

92 ;/N D

'

I OP I

!

7 A=

D

%=

D

H EI?U

' 92

! D

]+

ISIN A=O/

@ # 7B 7

P ;/

I ! 7

% % ' ' ' ! !$'

#

'

+

I !

! I

%

ISI A@ U6]+ ( D

ISI* A= !

I OP I ( +

@ D

H @ A=O@ A=O@

@ D

I ! 7\I -F%=S8L=M8

'

"@

>=R

!

'

A= P

A=+E

#

>-

>* D

D

'

D D

4=L# 8 = "!=J>@

D

E

!$8

%8

D

!!$ P ! D

# FP 8

>=+ 4=)H*$ A=%@O>

#O@

N

F

'

! D

?@P 8=

*! #6!J #O@AP D

A=

D

A8L=6!"Q!

A=+@O>

D N

6!"!I J

!4L=

I

??>@"@

!)U I OP I6 !

7 F A=( A=

'

@

=

I

D

?@D 8=

H EI?U

>=+ !" KN;

@ # 77 D

@O>

?@

I ! 7

%'

]+

H EISU D

Y> U(È O@A=?>^P 8

!

@ # 7 7 D

F)&"

@ D

7

8 ?P8 ?> N

+

D N

>

@& A=

P SI?U

I

D

!$8

AH

7 7

>H

! D D

! D

!$I?U

@

#

75 A= D

!

@

D

!

U

@ N D

" I

@H D

7

D

!B)"=SP!

!

A=;

=

D

E

@" +

E-SI U

PO@

#

%

@L8=G>

A=

D

D

D

SEI A=

8O8OH @

ND

K> 8

@ PO@AUMI F D

')')'

>$@

!7>

8 & !

N

E

D

D

E

E*SI 1U

8L= D

8

D N

PO@

D

F D

@"

&! 8 D

ISI 8L= D

8

F A=

>HI @ @" +

H*!$7a= D

IS74F A=

8OH$I L@ I?U6H*!$ISH$8 )UQ! 7 4= TE UO D

D

'

'*!$7* # I N

8 Z ! ]+ + ? A= F 8 A=

H @ PO@ " 8 # D D D

7

D

F0 A= D

!"]+ + A=

;YPO@AUM> D

"+

H @L8 D

"

@ S8OH$I L@ ISU\H!$ISH8 U4! 7 D

@LISU(OPO@AU

PO@

? 8 D

!

"Î

!>A=

?>

>H$I P @ @" D ! D

A=O

>

D

E*SI6 1U+!H#

F)OPO@FPW8 D

!$ #8 A=

7JE F)! D

!$8% A=J>$@

F

# 7R;

H#

W>

@

N

@

!"# G ! 8 !J K@ I D D D D

@AH @LP??P

ND

@" +

8

D N

! "!=)E

D N

@

7

= '$@ WPO@ D

7+ D

!:! D

I

@L8=:

@

ND

@" + 4="!H

!J #E

A=RAH$@AP?SP @

D

@ < A=E! 7

D D N D

U_E L A=

A=Q"!H

@ S8OH$I L @ # @L8=

A=W7

I6 ; # 7

>H$I @ # @L8L= D

!$8 !

P?S7 D

>=M" %I # AI 86!$8 @

E*SI6 1U+ C=SI D6'# SISI

@L8=BAH8L=

>

A=6Y@AH$I +

D N

@A D

7

?>O"@

>=_>$@

! "!=)E

D N

!$7_PO@ ! "=?P!:6! D E

"@

H*# 7\E U

>-S7$I?ULF A=

D NA

D

D

?S>

@M ;SI & @

D

>H$I @ U

E*SI 1U: A=

AH$@ !"4

D D

D

6!VPO@ I?U4F A=

PO@ ! D D

ÈO@A=?>ZP 8

#

Y> D

`8

!! 8 ?P 1UX7O>!$7 D

È O@A=?>ZP 8

D N

ISIN A= !

I O@

K>

I OP I[I #

"=?P( F

@ I?UF@

D

A=J>$@ D

A=+E

'

*! # !$ #O@AP D

!! 8 # 7J8 D

'

#O@

N

!I?U *! # ISU D

A=8 ?S>%"@

D

D

8

!: A=Y>

8 47 @

D

H a= D

!$ !)H 7 D

: 7 @

D

7O>!$7

6!

%

@

]+ (

6! A=6`8 #

7 - Y 8

A=

!J

D N

H$I 8

N

A= !"

D D

>=

D

I I A@ U

a8

7

8 AI D ?>O"@ >= N

7$7 4 !

D D

E UR

D

"@

D

ISII OP I

"=?P D

!

F ' A= D

7P ! A=8 D

!$7H$8 ?P I?UF A=,+

>$@

A=

D

ÈO@A=?>\P 8

#

@+ D

?>O"@

E-#O@AP D

A=

I I #

!

> 8 # 7

SISI !

F D

9 .;

¢A'AH;E !" 9. ¢;

*)

& 9

&

9 .;

¢

¢

&

A= ,

(

0/

¢

/

¢

9 .;

, /

/ */

D

/

E*

/

¢

% 4=

@ / */

!

+ ,

/ 7J/

+

/A"=?P

, (

¢

ND

@

¢

ISI

! ,

+

7+

@L7$I

¢

+

@

D

@ N D

+TI

¢

!S7O@ D

I # &

# P

!886,E

ISIB # 8L=! 8

II ;

@

>$>

+

=

# A=

¢

9 .;

#

,

#

9

'

+

;

E

¢

9 $;

,:, /

¢

$# /

9 .;

;Q

E-SI U

D

+

!

@Ì @ "O@ D

E^@F@ # #!

KU Y>

I

D

/ H /

9 $;

ND

&

,

D

(&

@ ,

#

:

+ "

7

9 $;

#

%

I8

#

(&

¢

OP!$ 8 A=

# %

!

@) !

8

D N5

8 D

E FP! / /

'

69 $;'F=S8=

A= 6@ 8OH @A@!$84" D

D

& &

!$7"

'

)Y> U+

S8 D

I I?U

F)OPO@JF))F SISI)H#5 A= H$8= Y>I O@.>$@ D

A= >$@

9

(

'&

A=

%

"

!! 8 ! D D

@@ / */

ND

9( ;

%

ISH ! D

D

/ */

!" D

PF>$@ D

! D

@ 5! D

A=&6! I # +

D N

# 7

N

ISH 7

AH @A>$@ !" 8

$#%

4=! &

D

7 #

??>

!

!

@LI?U!

!7(S7"=?P

+ H >$>

A=

!S7O@ D

@ 8OH$@A@!$8

9 .;

, H

A=&

D N

E U"7 *! B ! +98D 8 ISI8 A= D 9 .;

D

ISI F D

ND

! !"

69 $;+ 4=

!( A= @ "!=J =

'

D

#

!$7R6' A=)H*4I A=

&

U

@L8L=:>

@" + :&F SISI! 7

ISI$@ > @ ! I-

D D D D D D

!$I?U D

! HÈO@

A=

!$7@ / */

7 D

F D

I I OP? # %8 !"# !%F) ISI + D D

+

" 8

F=O@

A=

!

F A=% !$7O>!$7!J >$@

:&F

PO@

7 E FP! D

>=

' A=

'

( (

E

: ! A=

D

H!$ A=E D

P ?>E"@ D

I?>=

@"!H*!J ' A=

A=

8

>=*'F A=

H @

ISI F H A= ) D

ND

&

D

!$7R I 6; !

9 $;

F SI I !

"

! D

D

D

F

+

¢A+KN ¢

|¢ @

D A=

>O@ U I F

/

U

!"

,

F< A= D

D

A=!

&

9 $;

9 $;

/

@

ND

ISI

&

"

,

¢

9 R ! W> 1UO#

$;+ 4=! D N

¢

"

9 .;

# /

/

/

,

, #

,

/

/

! ,

6!$8

PO@# 6 D

¢ 9 .;

%

]] /

3(3(3

#

,

ND

B¢ @

!

"=?P!% A=

3

,

¢

9 .;

,

(&

&

&

9

; ,

9

; ,

+ TH D D 8OI # ! H"!= D D

D ND

/

(&

¢

(&

/

¢

¢

9 $;

9 $;

9 $;

&

NF); ; 7* # I?UR"

KU Y>

9 $;

#

,

#

,

¢ /

, #

/

¢

¢

'&

#

¢

,

,

#

#

T¢

,

S8%E = @ D

P @ D D N

H$@4>H @A> D

¢ 9 .;

¢

/

¢

&

9 .;

9 .;

@

ND

>$>$@

¢

ISI A+ D

8=

:¢

@Ì @ " D )

+

/

A=* , (

.

#+

( ! ! ! #" !" ) *+ ) - .

# # %$ # " & (' % " ,# '

#

(

,

!

!

GKB 90/2143657 A 98H#:?# #>H@H8 ! NBOAP=H@H8 ! /214365 + 7*Q>9R 98 SBTAC>S

#A ;; > !( 98 @# >U@H8V; 98BT>9A=W #A ! /214365 98Q>@X# E7&!A%!DAZY ) F 98[\ ) FE8DA=-8 "P8$ 86! /214365 ]8 "P8Q>8 98 !\ - +_^ ]BTAP=H@H8\; 98 A=!=4I@4B- 9 M=A !" 98 =< = # A!DAZY A ! 98' !$ #Q>9R = ( ? +,+ J4B9/ 1ba(cd 1baO?c/ / 1ba(ecdD1ba ) c/ BOAC> =QhDFVaO;?A=9I B4HB 98 Q> > ( = = # !DAZY 98 ! j 8 Q> > M$ !DAZY 8 ! 98 8 !$ #Q>9R = + %4

9 8 M;>HAC7 *7 M=A !"R 98 . +;KB j 7 98 M> !YD=A &R > 7= > Q;> #!$ !"

9 8 & LACB = = # D!DAZY D !M 98 !J #Q>HR = + j 8 !

>9A=

KBE

/

8

,

,:,21

5

>

.

> / L /

(&

8

$

,

/ L/

$

,

98 GFZ; g@ #gY ACB S== $ !DAZYE8 RM8 "P8$

= # ( !Y !R"!Q> = @H8 !DAZYF 98*8 "P8J

= # 8 S8 "P8$

= # F 98(6!YQ;!Y!$ !;>9AC7 7*= kI + j 8 #

@GA=!6# EAC5B 98@!DAZY 98 >= QB 98= # S= QRg= 7QBOAC> =9AZ@ ]Y Qh*!gY ! KN; fK + !Y F)M8 R / L/ L !Y 98 X > . +

8 D

,

,

/ 1

/

CA >@GA=-; > #A=!B GFZ;Q> !$ = Y BTAC>9 98L@GA=!"# F 98M 98 98QAC> ";>gY K + K - '98A F !R6!

Fraction of total messages

/

PXD> + >" K

1.1 Actual load 1.0 Expected load 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 76400 76450 76500 76550 Nodes

@ 9X = ! Y G FZ;g@ #gY\@GA=!"# K

"

+ ,

0 +

76650

#: 4; "C> ;8 F 98 ( !DA Y8F 98 98 0 + R "5F)Q>2Yg=64RQ>gYBT>HA=0 @H8 A Y #A 98' >" !YL 98 @ 9X =!JX*7Q>

AC BD "& 98D>HAPX"P8 @U8 !A YEF 9XD>gY + j 8 -7?APX !Y =A !> 98%G F ;g@ #gY @GA=! "# 4A=! @GA=M;X #gY X6!" j 8QAC> K + K +SA # 98 5 98 7?APX! Y IMA R Q> # # 98 @ 9X =*GFZ;g@ #gY @GA=!"# 9* 8 4;-R g@ #AC>LACB J $ 98 Y Q*h ! 4=A !; !E g@ 9X*5 98 P1ba(ecA i@H8DA=! > !YA=-=4I+ j 8 ;;>9AgF # 98 & 9X 4=A !(6! hDF g( Y #: 4R ; "C> ;R 8 FE8 Q> ; > H@H8 > f@H8D=A ! X#gY`BTAC> ! > > !YA=-=4I BO>9=A 98 ]A 98 Q> !DAZY ' !R 98 "C> ;8 + j 8 QAC> K + K 6M;= 98 N 98 HGFZ; g@ #gYR = A 98 ! . + ^ ! 98 BOAP= 9*8 !DAPX"P84 #A > # ' #; A 98 = QR g= AC9B 98 =< = D!DA Y D !TN F ;; D> ! 1bQa Nc + KN 1ba(W c F ( + j 8 ! `8 8 "P$8 GF @ 9=4I !Y 6]8

7JI !b # >U@H8b*X ! =

9 8 Q> 8#=A ; ) XN F 98 1ba ) Yc F ( + :F &6 8 "P8 ;>9AC7 *7 !M1bQa NciBOAC> + ^ ! 98 6@ # @ !`=A !=4I ;; L > ! 98 f ; 9> 8 ot`Qrgropbdwg9otmpy ,:,

0

@

S8 Q>

#F

L " !

.

>

98 !7?APX!YO LX*#gYR !O# #Q;-a K + c !Yà K + !c 7g=4A F&+:8 R

!

/

/

1

> i ) N ( 1ba ) c

> i ) N ( 1ba ) c ' > ) N ( 1ba ) c

'

F

,

'

,

,

7

&

F

'

& 7 '

/

,

L

"$" L

" !

.

.

7

&

F

'

.

.

'

.

'

. ,

"!$#

&

aK + c /

L " !. . &

F

L " ! . .

7

L " ! .

7

&

7

&

F

.

7

L " !. L " !

" ! /6L

.

.

aK + c 1

&%('*),+ -% /.0%(132+4+(576 -598

: 8 R YQh*!gY

Y # #>HX@ 9X>' 9849:?4; "C> ;8!BOAC>fY* # #>47X #gYY # #AC>% 98

8 M#QRQ> = Y4> 7= *;>9AC;Q> + +%A=!# #>HX@ !"D !Q> !" !F !DAZYQ !$ #A !Y # >H@H8* !" ! #: 4;R"C> ;8@ !*7Y= A !X !"; -;= !Y( #> "P8$ #BTAC>F >HY = "CAC> 98*;+) :?= !$ #AP= Q> !" = > "LBO> @ 4=A !MACB?B < = gL Y !DAZY AF 98APX =4A= !"]@GA=!!g@ 4R? kI+ !"

98 >Q; 4>Eg@U8 ! O%* Y #>HXD*; 4=A ! #A 98 Y # #>UX@ 9XD> @ ! 7 *> Q; 4> g3 Y ! 98 7*!@ ACB YY 4A=! =LB X = + : 4; "C> ;8 6= #> A 9X;;?AC> M> !" /JX Q> FE*8 H@U8 !" BOAC> @GAC;JIACB >#APXD>U@L! > ; > =4AZ@ 4A=!V7 IX6!"E 98M=4AZ@ 4A=! ]=4A FRU AC>HYQ>Eh g= ACB ;?=A !$ #Q> i; Q)> @U8 !8 !% 98 #I # #O+ ^ )F%APX=# 6!"@ #AMY "=! ;Q>iU #AGU ;Q>D#I wU

# 98 ' !$ ! IB F)Q>!;0= A 6!J #Q> i; Q)> @H8 ! !YfI '9XD;;?AC> P#; ==4AZ@ = kI+ = #A #: 4; "C> ;* 8 YDA !DA AGFZ;=4=A A! FiAC>9:M=4AZ@ = 6Ifa 9X@H8 AC>i= #!@GI =4=A !" #> !*; 4=A !; 98Uc !M=4AZ@ U

4= A !_ACB0> #APXD>U@ ! Y AF%APX= !"8 #A # 9XYDI; Q>9BTAC> !@ !7 !Qh A ! 98 Y g@ 4=A ! ;Q>H8 *; !7 I X 6!"X= VUkY !*4=A ! = #: 4O ; "C> ;*8 +!DF 98[A 98 Q>SA R Q>H= ( I ! FiAC>9: DF%APX= # !"O #R A # 8DA F 98 ;! F%AC>9: ; Q>9BTAC> ;8 ! 98 M;> !@ MACB% %I !J 6!-B 2 Y QIB g@ 4R @#?: >(;35(;4e>H@H8[-/3.09824\0J(\ @G-:(;*]0G@ B^4CX=:0wUH0#AP=:(Q>>4E*]0G@ Y,(g@M(;*]0#>>4C=/-/9G(gY`;L(G(Q>iUH0#AGU ;L(G(Q>K3#I_3wU 05(;7 M3 @G4E* 7L( 7X2>HX@M09XD>?(;3.09824\0M@GA+*23?-B350ACBX-/*Y2-?(;3?(;*=05g( Y`0 D A Y2V- LQ( >?(;*]0 YA4\0?4b3?#0 >HX@M90 XD>?(;3X90 824\0R( \ @G-/(;*=90 =4Ic7 4E*24\?(;#3 APX>H@M(;3 D 82- =:( ;>9A R_84E* @M(E@d7e4E-/*=0?4E-B*2-/*,9:g@h4E* Y)93 X;;?AC>?0?-/*,< @GA+M7 ;=:G( F i X,Q( >>-:(;3G N =:90 8DAPX,P< 8j90 8,Q( >?(ke4 >?(k350?C4 =%AC;L(;`* ;>9AC7=:(;7 3.-/*j90 8,(be4 >>(;4_@ D f( 7Lg( =/-:Q( RE(Y90 824\0J90 82-/3 >?(;35(;e4 >U@H8 D 9A RI>(m90 8,( ;LQ( >9BTAC>87 4E* @M2( ACB APX>ne4 ;;>9A+C4 @H8,(;3 D -:90 8Y#3 A+7K( AE90 8,Q( >!@GA+*=05(;M7 ;?AC>>e4 >HI-;L(GQ( >iUH#0 AGU ;L(GQ( >#3 II3?05(;7 3o-/* j e4 7=:(qpIN N j 8, ( =4A AC: X;Y0?-/7 E( BOAC>oC4 ==A90 8,( 8Rr j 93 II3505(;7e3n-Bi3 =4AE8-:90 827 ?0s0?-/7K(X-/3t4\0oM7 A+35 0 ;?AP=4IZ=4AE>-/90 827 ACBu7eC4 @H82-/*2(;3tv)N AC>%APXD>e4 7A3?#0 >>C4 @M!0 8Rr j 7 AZY,g( =h4E3 D g( ==s4E3q#3 :I8e4 ;823G@u3?-B7 S70APXA* Y23Xe4 ;;=4I 7X,0X-B*c90 82( J* X27 7LQ( > ACB >?(;#3 APX>H@M(;3RwsN X3 M =4A+*,mC4 =9I)C< >>(;4\90 =4I BT>HA+7{#3 I_3505(;7|#0 Ac#3 I_3505(;71N $-:90 8 j 8,(Y#3 ;AC4 @M( >>( i X2?(;7K(;*]0?3 BOAC>.7 4E-/*]0?4E-/*2-B*,H:g@!~ 8DAC>UYO@lh4E35#0 >9IE@h4E* Y j e4 ;L(;35#0 >9I >?( i X24- >?(e- a =?0 Z;A4C@M(;L(Q> ;A4\0?-B4C= j AC;0AP=HY a =4AE>(;#3 APXD>H@M(;3GN 7 4C@U82-/*,(f-/*6098,(J*,(G0 D AC>9: R9A I 0?e4 :E(;3q-:E0 A+*,(J3505Q( ;VBOX>?90 8,Q( > 7JI[>?g( YX@G-/*,< 90 8A-/23 >?( i X24- >>(;7K(;*=0C#0 A -a c8No~ >?( i X24- >?(;3- a $Zcn#3 ;AC4 @M(q4\0o(;C4 @H867 C4 @U82-/*,(EN ^ * @GA+M7 ;Ae4 >>-B#3 A+*O@_#3 :I8e4 ;82%3 >?( i X24- >?(X7 X@U8 7MAC>?(q#3 ;gC4 @M( D -:90 8bw >>(;#3 APXD>H@M(;3-/*b90 8,(q#3 I_3505(;7 3;@I(;C4 @U867 C4 @U82-/*, ( >?( i X24- >?(;3- a =?(;#3 APX>H@M(K90 824\0}-:0 8A+350?3GN )( Y2-B93 @QX23? 3 ;?A+3?3??g( @M0?4- A+*2 3 BOAC>>?g( YX@M0?4- A+*)-/*)#3 ;gC4 @M( >?( i X24- >?(;7K(;*]0?3 D 82- =:S( >>(G0?4E-/*2-/*,>-/7 e4 >HI`Y2V- LQ( >?(;* @M(;_3 7L(G0 D (G(;* 90 8,( R\e4 >>4- APX23K#3 I_3505(;7 3Ye4 >?( 35(;*A3?-:0?4- R_-:k0 Ij#0 A #0 AC;?AP=4AEC< I4E* Y j 82[ 93 XD;;0AC>>0 BOAC>93 ;A4\0?-/C4 ==4AZ@GC4 =/-:60 IEN C3G( F ;=/4E-/*,g( YK-/*b!~ 82e4 ;205Q( > @ 7?AE90 8Y~ $4E* Yeh4E35#0 >9I j e4 ;F(;3?#0 >9I e4 >?( ;Ae4 >?0?-BC4 =9: H3 XD;;?AC>?0?3 ;>HAgF,-/7 -:60 I>9APX20?-/*,HY2-/*24\05(Z93 ;AC4 @M(E@]4E* YK-/0t-/3sD* AE 0 @GA+M 7 ;=:(G05g( =4IJ35g( =4BUk@GA+D* h2P< XD>>-B*,HIJ4E* Y j e4 ;L(;35#0 >9I (GFD@Q=9A F_-/7e-:k0 I *2(;-:P< 8 7?AC> 35g( =/g( @M0?4- A+*-/*C4 =;@ C4 =:90 8DAPX2P< 8c90 82Q( Ic#0 A A D (;-:P< 8 ;>9AEC< >?(;3?3q-/*c90 8,( X#3 ;gC4 @M(J4\ ;8JII3>4E!3 ;LQ( >90 8, ( ;>9A F_-/7e-:k0 Ie7 (G#0 >>?(fv =B4\05(;* @GI ;>9AgF,-/7 -:60 I 7 4\#0 >>4- F*BTAC>qC4 =]7JI*XA3?-/*,< #3 A+7K(C( \ @G-:(;*]i0 8,g( X>>-/350?>4- Fc8N ^ 0-/3 XA* @Q=:(;e4 > D 8,(G90 8,Q( >90 8A-/3t-/390 8,2( 7L(;350 e4 ;;>HA+C4 @H86#0 A AC;20?-/7 -:9G ( ;>HAgF,-/7 -:60 I AC>mm#3 I_3505(;7 3GN 0 ACBEAPXD>M:I* A D =:g( Y28e4 ;823Je4 >?(k90 8,( h>>35_0 Y24\0?4x35#0 >HX@M90 XD>?(k90 824\0K7 4E-/*]0?4E-/* j Ax90 8,( 7F(;3? #3 ;A4\0?-BC4 = =>C4 =-/H3 8,g( Y i X,Q( >9I =/4E*,P< X24\HA R_>0?-/*,< @GA+7M;=/(GF 35(;4e>H@H82(;3f3HX@H8 4E3>>4E*,8-:(;3}4E*Y *,(;4e>J7 4\09@H82(;3J0#A`4*:E(QIEN :_-4;7C(G0e-/3Y4E*DAE098,(Q>k3#II3?05(;7 D 82-?0?-/4C=?(;39;F(g@M0X0#Ak*,(G0 D AC>9:=?(gYX@M(.098,(A RE(Q>H8,(;4CY ACB3H82-4B 0?-/*,?(;39APXD>H@M(;3 AC> 098,(;4- >CC4 YYD>?(;3?3Z(;*=0?4E-9:Uk=4A @G4C=B-:0kI >9APX,0?-B*,-HX@M09XD>?(k4E*Y 0#>8-:(;3f0#Ax7e-/*2-/7 -/9G( 3#;A4C@M([X23?4\_;>9A+39;F(g@M0?-HA+4C@H8 D APX=?(G0?4E-/*e098,(m350#>UX@M09XD>?(2ACBu4 8Xr j BTAC>%=4A+4CY-A7 4CB= 4E*G@ -/*,X4E*A3 D (Q>8-/*,9Ag,F -/7 4\05(>> 4E*,> -:(;3C-/*`~!A8 4e2; 05(Q> 7 I XD2; 0?4 &' ,G: < K @ D 82-@H8 >?(Q;=B4C@M(gY @GA+*23?-/3?05(;*=02824E3H28 -/*, -:(;3 j 82-B3C7K(G098A YV@GA+7M;>9A+7e-/35(;3 +A *V70EA 098 =4+A 4CYVA7 4CB= 4E*G@ -/*,>?(;-B* @G4E*2* AE20 Y24- >?g( @M90 =4IM7L ( X,0? APXD>S;XD>9;?A+35(;3Z4E3m90 8,Q( I[;>?(;H3 X27K(y90 8,(}G( F_-/3?05(;* @M( ACBt#3 A+7 ( @GA+7 M 7 A+*`35#0 AC>>4\ #3 I_3505(;71N >?g( =/4\05g( Y$-/*]05Q( >?(;350?-/*2< i X,(;350?4- A+*-/3 ~o4E* D ( Y,(;3?-/e4 ;8A3G@4E* Y93 X;;?AC>?0?3 i X2 4E* Y AC> @U8,(;e4 ;LQ( >M>?g( @GA REQ( >8-:(;M3 BO>9A+7 B^4E,6: < p 4E* Y ye4 >? &('>,G: < p ;>?(;3?(;*=0}93 A+7K(e7K(G90 8DAZY23q#0 Ac#3 AP=4RE( 90 8,( *2(;e4 >?(;350}*,(;-/P< 8 7?AC> ;>9AC7=:(;7-/* >?(;3?#0 >>H=/4 I *,(G0 D AC>9:_3GNZ~o4E*690 8,(;3?(y05g( @H82*A- i X2(;23 7L(}93 X2-/0?e4 7=4IYe4 ;;=/-:g( Yk#0 Ae-B* @GAC>iU ;?AC>>4\052( B X=lUH#0 AGU ;F(GQ( >n#3 I_3505(;7 3 [^ 3-:0t93 X]\ @G-/(;*=0t#0 AX2352( ;>HAgF,-/7 -:60 I *

,

,

>9APX,0?-B*,?(;3?0X*,(;-/C3?(;4e>H@H8,(;3X0#A14C@H8A-:(QRE(J098,(7L(;*,(Qh20?3SACB 3 : B )+,G:>HAPX,0?-/*,9:[=4AZG@ 4C/= -:06/I A 4C@He 8 -/3h0#yA >4C=B-:9G(!APXD>t4e7A350#>>4C@M07MA Y2(g=ZACBg4)8Rr j 0#A}7X=:0?-4;=:(%Y2-/7K(;*A3?-4A+*23GN * *,( * *2(o4e;;>9+ AC2B 09,8 (%2Y -/7K(;*A3?-4+A *23 @GAPX= (Q;?> (;35(;*]0l09,8 (o4C@M09X24C=a@C;8JI_3?-7 4C= 350#8> -H: AY -/350?4E*M@ (;3GNX*DEA 09,8 (QX> 4e;;>9+A 4C@U8 D APX= 0?4C= 3-;>9ACg7 4eA7 -U/= 4gI 7K(G0#>> -1@ 3#A; 4CM@ (*2X 3>-/*,< 28 -:(Q>> 4e>U@H28 - 4\05(g Y 0#?> (G(;3 @]4E*YMAC27 0?4E-/*Y4E* 4e;;>9A _F -B7 4\05(m3#AP= =4AZG@ 4\0?-/*,> (;350*,(;-:> 3GN )( @GAPX=-47=4e I 4CB= 3#A-2X 35(y7X:= 0?-VUkAY -/7K(;*23?-9;?+A 35(EN ,:,

-, $ $2 ' , "+

DX >Y24\0?4`350#>HX@M09XD>>(;3.4e>?(Y0#AP=:(Q>>4E*]0.0#A @G>>4E398`B^4E-84E*YDA+7 B 4E-?(;3]BOAC>.0982(b4e7A3?0#>>4C@M0 8Rr j 7MAZY,(g=a@l4E*Y 7?AE098\>>4E*YA+7 4E3 D (g=>3?4e>>-B4C= B 4E-=?(;3 BOAC>.3#:_-4;)>4e;8A3GNYrSA D (QRE(Q>;@ D (b4e>?( IE(G00#K A 3509XYDe I 09,8 (SL; (Q>9BOAC>> 7 4E*M@ (SACB 09,8 (;35(q*,(G0 D AC>9_: 3-/*Y098,( ;>?(;35(;*@M( ACB 7 II9;4E*=0?-/*2( B^4E-?( *DAZ,Y (;3]G@ 4E*\L7 (g28 4 ER (e4e>9A7 -/0#>> 4e>> - (G_F 4E7M;:= (E@l4[7 ]I 9;4E*]0?-/*,(Y*DA 2Y (_G@ 4E*j35(;*Y Y2-F(Q>?(;*]0y7K(;3?3>4\ (;*]0];>9AZM@ (;3?35(;3}(QER (;* -4nB -:0y-/3y3HXD;;?+A 35(g`Y 0#cA 35(;*xY 09,8 (e3?4E7K(Y7K(;3?3?4\H=> 7 4\0505(gOY @_09,8 (;*Y09,8 (E>> (gG@ -4A; -:(;*]0iG@ 4E*f,Y (G05(gM@ 0o0928 4\0n09,8 (C35(;*,Y (Qn> -B3^B 4CX:= 0kI 7,X 0S2Y -\ @QX/= 0?-:(;34e>> -/35( D ,8 (;*10928 (.7K(;3?3>4\-47:= (R0#e A 0928 (?> (gG@ -4g; -:(;*=0E7,X 0m-/*@GAC>9?> (gM@ 0GN ^B 4CX:= 0kI ;>9AZM@ (;3?3LG@ 4E*14C/= 39J A 7e-/7 -!ACB 4_@G>> 4E3928 (gY ;>9AZM@ (;3?3!7Jb I 35(;*2Y -B*,3?4\ 0?4E-/*V;?+A -/*]0GN j IJA; -G@ 4Cl= 05(g@U28 *2- i ,X (;3SBTAC> ,Y (;4C/= -/*2< D -:09c8 39X@U8*^B 4E- (;3 D APX=HIJ2; 0#EA 4e;28 - (gM@ (;*]0Z39XD>9ER (QIf7JI (;-:HAC7:= (;7 3 -/*}0928 (i2h (g=YAC7B := > -/0928 7 - -47,X 05(gY 3#_I 3505(;7 3Z-B*k09,8 (}4e?> (;4MACB 8R-/350#8> -47,X 05(gY := > -:0928 7e--:U@H82-:05(g@M09X>?(]BTAC>EB 4E-4>398A4e>>-/*,>4\?(;39APXD>H@M(;3a^4C=>C4 Y2-/*,>4\>(;350?-/*,[ < AC;L(;* i X,(;350?4- A+*A 3 >?g( =/4\05g( Y)#0 A ;L(GQ( >iUH#0 AGU ;L(GQ( >f#3 II3?05(;7 3 D -:90 8)3?g( =4hA93 8V;Ae4 >?0?- @G4- ;A4E*]0?3 @G4E* 7L]( BTAPXA* Y1-/* N *

,

,,

-+

+ 2%$

8X(G0?4E-?(;7K(;*]0Z4E*24C=4I_3?-/3 , K @ , @ 824E327F(G(;*[YA+*,(]A+*[;L(G(Q>iUH0#AGU ;L(G(Q>Z0#>>4G\ @q-B*[@GA+7 U 7K(Q>H@G-B4C=l3#I_3505(;7 3C39X@H8`4E3 C 4e;A3?05(Q> p @ R* X,05(g=>(QRE(;4C= ,

,

,

,

09824\0Y098,(8DA+3?0?3 09824\0 ;A4e>?0?-H:I3b4e>?(8A-:9AE?(;3#;L(g@M0 0#A*B^C4 @M#0 AC>>3.93 X@H8j4E3 =/4\05(;*@G-:(;3G@ =B-4B (G0?-B7K(;3q4E*Y 3H824e>?(gY\Y24\0?4_N XD>>098,(Q>;@l0982(-;L(G(Q>>3y4e>?(e*AE0}4C= D 4gI_3 D -47X,0?-B*,H@M(;3GN %~ A+*]05(;M 7 ;?AC>>e4 >9IY2(;3?-:9AE>-47X,05( 098,f( =4A+C4 Y\ACBZ7 4E-B*=0?4E-/*A-/*,9: 4E3 X2*24- BOAC>>-7 =3?4- 7=:( 4E-7 A+*,H=4IfY2g4 I_3 ACB(Xe4 ;A3505Q( >;N IQ( REQ( >8C4 =2g( =:(G9A+C4 @H82(;i3 824 RES( 7L(G(;* ;>9AC;?A+35g( Ye4E* Ye-/M 7 ;=:(;7K(;*]05g( YMBTAC>90 8,S( Y2(;3?-:9A+C4 @U8,(;3q#0 A*Y2Q( REg( =4AC; 7 AC>?(.#3 AC;82-/3?0??(EN M

,

K

n% &# N I (g@QX>?(jrX4E398 I 0?4E*Y24e>UYON ^ * < < & 1 , 5 ' I& @ ' B9B I& 5 p& D -,6' ,G: & t,G: ,6' & t&G@ ;>>-/*,>->4 D U rX>Y- uoC4 =/e4 : >>-/H3 82*24E*O@ Z@GAE050 Z8,(;D* :EQ( >;@ 4E* Y c?(G( mQ( B Q( >?(;* @G-/*,< -Bj* -/D* :Eg( Y8R-/35#0 >>?0#A c N,uo4gI+4e>HYA c >;N:@ >>- C4 54\9: ACB}d(Q>>3#A+*24C= )(Q7A35(Q>9RE(Q>83GN ^ * L 5wB t&+& CG0JB@@3u!. XBY2 e4 ;L' 7 (;& 350G @28 r &X2: *,' H@ IE'K@ & 5t@ 4 ,6I ' 0 B6@ ,G:3N P j B6A 5 : SC ;P ;L0(;C 4e& >;N P &j) 9BG@ & 5 & @ p& T?P\P\P @ ;g4\Y4E* Y iY D e4 >HY N *@ %~ >>(;-:??HY,Q( >?g( Y ^ * Y2 _>4 8R4- >;N K u%j g( AC@H78A7 *2I ?820}e4 > )~ (G(EU @}j dR(GU 05( q@ g( =:Xg( 8,*2Q( 4- RE>;@RQ( >84E3?-:* k0 Y I*ACu!B X c 4 e 9 > I B = E 4 * O Y l @ ~ % P A < = : = G ( E < K ( h 4 e 9 > F : d @ %~ AP= N p u!XD>>#0 A+*r..N u%=>C4 Y2Q( AGL31 -/*rC4EH3 8 !~ A Y2-B*,< D -/90 8 =H>9AC>>3GN 9B zZ @ 0 +,6' 0 BG@ . B ' 7 &lf hg @ a c K ?] K @ c X=4I N $;N (;4E3?4- 7g9REQ( >H=/(;3?3 8X-B35#0 >>4- 7X205g( Y 828X* -Bu%35#0 IE>>4-Q( 7>>X23;@ 05g( c YK( 0rC>?4EQ( 93I 8 %~ j A+e4 *A73?=:9:Eg( =:Q( IE@O~ .C@ *6.@ Q( 7>HX2e4 >9I N

c-:P< X,g( =x~o4E35#0 >9A,@xd(G05Q( > 8 >HXA93 @H8,g( =H@ X*2*,( U ce4 >>-:( yQ( >>7 e4 >9>?g( @\@x4E* Y X*]#0 A+* I EA D 35#0 >HA+*ON A~ 2û w Z B Z 5p @ ,G' =B:e4 >?BG9A,@ c>-:( qQ( >87 e4 >9>?g( @\1@ X*=#0 A+J* I 2A D 35#0 >9A+*O@ ce4 >9R_-/* j 8,(;-/7KQ( >;@ErCg( =:(;* 4E*,@ RE9e4 Q( >HB>H@U=/ 4 8 II1 3GZ]N 'K& ^5 * N , @L Cm5wB 9t&+B & zCG0J z@3 Z . @!0 Bt ,6' ' 0 7 B6& @ . 8 B & @ 0 &(' HF' 0 N & . & TVBGW@C N = g ^ 4E* !~ =/e4 >9:E(E@ #3 :\e4 > _4E* YD7LQ( >?84E* YDA+* > ( NRSr A+*,?(G(;*2(G0 8X-B35#0 >>4- 7X205g( Y XD* A+* I_M7 APX2f3 ^ D* BOAC>>7 4\0?4- A+* I#0 AC>>4\>-/Q( RzC4 = I_3505(;71N ^ *rC4E*A*,(;3 g( Y,Q( >9>>4\90 8O@g( Y2-:#0 AC>;@ &p. 0V3 @ 0J@3 L 5p0V , H R@]7 , @ 0J@3 & 7;@B : Bl3 0 &. y @ 'K& 5t@ ,6' 0 B6@ ,G: P BG5OR8N . 7Bt1 BG@ &p. 036@ +.t.OZ!&p. 0J@ f @B6@ H 0 ' H , @C @B ).& 5 ,) 0 : 0 ' H [ @ RCAP=@ ;&o9 -J4&" N K ] u%>>-B4E* NF%~ A AC;LQ( >m4E* Y rCg( @M#0 AC> Re4 N >H@G^ -/* 4 U *L AP=/t-/*2&t& 4_.N uo 8X 4\0?4` >>(;35Q( >9R\4\0?4- A+* I_3505(;71f #0 9>8B6-/4_@@ &c 5 X& =4@ I t& BG@ N 0 .p' 5p0 )iZ]'K& C 9B 1 Z]' 0J@3 5iHB .p'K&SCG 0J@.l3 TV B 7 + @ ;A8 4\>=:-B(4E* 8X -B35N_0#>>~%-47A X2AC;L05(g(QY >4EZ*IIYY3505(;rm76(g@MN 0#ÂC*1> dR(G4e05>U(Q@G> -/48 U >HX2AP39=B@U-/8,*2(g4_=aNO@ d(G>>4E(Q>i*AUH3 0#AGyU d4E(G4E(Q39>8DAIZ(Q(;:F3#@2AP4EXD*>U@MY ( Cj *]>>0#4CA+Y2*J-/*,I HA+(g=/*O-VU @ (gYA-:0#AC>>3G@lL 5iB t&t& CG0J@3 . BW ' 7 & = 05 .p' @ 'K& 5p@ ,6' 0 BG@ ,G:~P BG50R . 7Bp1 B6@ LY&t& 5N ' B1N LY&t& 5 D H .p'K&i -. T7 W>>L -HY A ~%?> (;3#;?J A 4E*6 Y rC(gM@ 0#AC> R4e>HG@ -B4U AP/= -B*24_N 2AP,X 0?-/*2iUH0#AGU ;L(G(Q> II3?05(;7 3GN ^ * L 5wB p&+& CG0@3 . BW ' 7 & 8 & @ ' HFN & BG@C @ 'K& 5p@ ,6' 0 BG@ ,G: 9BG@ & 5 & @ p& BG@ 0 .' 5t0 )SZ]'K& C9B N ; 4\> -B4_@ c X=4I -, , N 1 Z ' 0J@3 H .'K&S .tTV + @DA >> 4E*D: 8R4eL7 (Qg: @ N >> 4E*23 y4E4E398]A (QF: @ 8R4g_R - @ EACL7 (Q?> 0 *AC>9>> -/3;@Z4E*Y ^ +A * _0#+A - (;4 @GA ACF; (Q8> 4\0?-4ER (}350#AC>> 4\ -, , N >> 4E*D: 8R4eL7 (Qg: @un(;* ?28 4e,A @_ (G05(Q> 8 >H2X 3H@H,8 (ga= @ c APA8 * XDg7 -/4\0#A D -M@ 9E@I4E*Y ^6+A * I0#+A -HAY 3 4 ~%+A 7e7M+A * C ^MBTAC> I0#>HXM@ 09XD?> (gY (G(Ql> UH0#GA U (G(Q> * ER (Q>H/= 4 II 3;N ^ * L 5iB t&t& CG0J@3 . B ' 7 & & N B6@C @ 'K& 5t@ , ' 0 BG@ ,G:lP BG5OR . 7 Bt1XBG@ L>&+& 5N ' B1N L>&+& 5 H .p'K&i -.jTVWL L + @Mun(Q>9E: (g:= (QEI @u~ }@*6.@ (Q7>H2X 4e>9I -, , N c4gIZXD> 8X4\0?4e> Nju!, X 0505(Q> -:(;3y4E*j Y (G(Ql> UH0#GA U (G(Q> C(G0 AC>9_: 3GN ^ * EAP=4B APd 8D>> -B*,> 3G@$L 5wB t&+& CG0J@3 . BW ' 7 & & @ ' 7 Z 5iBt1 &lD, @ H 1 B . 0 Z B6@ fW: 3BG5t0 ' 7 .T f @ RCAP=2X 7K( K ACU B Xe& (' Z 5 &e B 'K&. 0J@ 9B 1 Z]'K& 5 0 & @ t&G@ g; 4\ N

,

,

,

,

,

,

-, ,

m(;*,(]Y,(]=/4zu%>>-/4E*Y24E-B3GN -H@U82-/*,-/4e7=/( =:(;*2 >>4E* YDA+7 #3 :_4- ; =/-B350?3GN 7 &(f @ @ ,6:2. BW f 1 1 : 0 & C L 5iB )l,) 0 : 0 ' H @

] " zEc APA 82* 3?#0 y>9A+N *O8 @uAPg( XY2@M-/g( #0 XAC>;>>3GN @ j L 8,*( t &tIJ& 7g 8 'K& >HX2H3 ,6@H8,' g( =a@ ,G :>>4EP *A3 y. 4E4E3H8DA](Q:F@,LY4E&t*& Y X' *]L>0#A+&+* & I D 'K&S .TVWL L + C@ RCAP=H:Eg( =:Q( IE@F~ .`@ 6}@ Q( 7>HX2e4 >9I N B6@ L>&+& 5ON ' B1N LY&+& 5 H .p'K&i .UTVWL L + zcA+X4E=:* 0?- @G 4E(;35-/>4EC4 *2XA3?717e@s-/3?L~ 3?4- 8DA+>>*A-/353G#0 N A+3qw hZ e4 ;AC4 ,GYA: -/7 -:#0 >>; N Z& 82e4 t>>&-/.8*2@ 9AE#0 AZ@GAP=a@ sQ( >>3>4- A+* N K N KCK !#q"$J* "&X,%(05g(')$==/)+_ *,*$* -W2/K &*M/Fo 3-0b&;8K6)+{ &< ,2,;+%&o#)=914$@" ,2$2$^ %o#;=";Cb+;2 G -q-5%C{$> N < A+*[4`he4 >>C4 = cC4 @H8A-/*,( K p c-:>m(;3?e4 3?A 4- A+]* A+3>R\e4 C4 >>=>w 0?-/*,Z * O] @ B 5p@ ,G: B ' 7 &f hg @ K a c Dce4 >H@U8 N K AJAEP< =:(EN !"$"=%n'W),)+*$*,*n-:9;$;=9#2 -0b+;FK N

,

-, ,

-, ,

,,

-, ,

*

,

-,

,

,

-, ,

,

,

-, ,

,

,

,

,

,

,

-, ,

,

,

-, ,

,

,

,

,

K

S782-B93 8,Q( : XD;A0?4_@"8X-4 4C=a@=4E*Y X7M> = S77A4CY2-aN6S;;>9A F_-/7e4\05( C4E*,-/(;3 ^ *Kd(G(Q>iUH0#AGU d(G(Q> I_3505(;D 7 3GN^ *UL 5wB p&+& CG0@3 . BW ' 7 & = 05 .p' 0 & @ @ 0 ,G: 9B6@ & 5 & @ t& B6@ @ @B1 ,6' 0V & ,6'Q, H .p'K&i -. &.&+, 5 7 T @ ;g4\84E*2>7 4E*O@F>>4e:\4E398el-B*,>3G@O4E*Y 2AC77L(Q>?0 t4E* m(U *2(;3?35(EN q(g=/-9APX2* Y\A REQ( >H8,(;C4 YuN ^ * L 5iB p&+& C60@3 . B ' 7 & & BG@C @ 'K& 5t@ ,6' 0 B6@ ,G: P BG50R . 7Bp1 B6@ L>&+& 5ON ' B1N LY&+& 5 H .p'K&i .UTVWL L + C@ unQ( >9:Eg( =/Q( IE@L~ .`@ 6}@ (Q7>HX24e>9I N _05Q( RE(;*.rX4E* Yy4E* Y j -/M 7 AE90 8JI 2A+93 @GAI(EN c*,(;M7 A+#3 I_*,( d(GQ( >iUH#0 AGU ;L(GQ( > I05(G>e4 ;82>4\ 8 >HX2H3 @H8,g( =a@ >>4E*23 y4E4E93 8DAIQ( :F@4E* Y X*]#0 A+* I 2A D 35#0 >9A+*O@ng( Y2-:#0 AC>83G.@ L 5wB p&+& CG0@3 . B ' 7 & = 0J5 .p'Y @ 'K& 5p@ ,6' 0 BG@ ,6:P BG5OR . 7Bt1XB6@ L>&+& 5ON ' B1N LY&+& 5 H .p'K&i -.UT WL L + @ RCAP=X27K( K ACB Xe& j' Z N 5 & B 'K&p. 0@9B 1 Z]'K& 5 0 & @ p&M @ ;g4\>9>>(;*O@ c A+35Q( ;8 NyrCg( =>3505(;-B*O@ EI+4E* r X,Q( 7A93 @U8O @ u%AJA+* j 8AC4 X A A,@ Z@GAE050 D8,(;D* :EQ( >;@4E* Y^ A+* _#0 A+>-/(;3K-/* 8Rr j U un4E3?g( Yd(GQ( >iUH#0 AGU d(GQ( > C(G0 D AC>9:I3;N ^ * d(G05Q( > 8 >HX2H3 @H8,g( =a@ >>4E*23 y4E4E93 8DAIQ( :F@4E* Y X*]#0 A+* I 2A D 35#0 >9A+*O@ng( Y2-:#0 AC>83G.@ L 5wB p&+& CG0@3 . B Xe' 7 & & j' = Z N 0J5 5 & .p'Y B @ 'K'K&p& . 5p@ 0@,6' 0 9BG@B ,6:1 PZ]'KBG& 55OR . 7Bt0 1X& @ B6p&M@ @ L>;g&+4\& >W9RI-B* j 8,(;-/7KQ( > @l4E* Y =:g( @ AP=B7 4E*ON :_4- ;7C(G0 Z@GC4 =/e4 7=/( REQ( >U=/g4 I m(G0 D AC>H: D -/90 8f >>C4 @M0?9AC;LQ( >?0?-:(;3GDN ^ * L T? 5wB t &+& CG0J@@ 3 ;g. 4\BH@ @U8 @ 'K& 5p@ &N ' & 7;@B : Bl3 0 &.O, @C H .p'K&i -. I+ ?] }4- >>3505(;* rX m4\P< 824 Rz4E*O@,4E* Y _4E*]#0 A+93 8 s(;M7 ;AC4 =/4_N AZ@GC4 =/-:k0 IU

>?(;35Q( >9R_-/*,< rX4E93 82-B*,< -/* X=:0?;0@ X*]#0 A+* I 2A D 35#0 >9A+*u@ 4E* Y)d(G05Q( > 8S>UX293 @H82g( =aN QS^ 3 Y2g( @M(;*=#0 >>C4 =B-:9Gg( YO@ ;L(GQ( >iUH#0 AGU ;L(GQ( > D Q( 7 @GC4 @U8,(EN ^ * L 5wB p&+& CG0@3 . B ' 7 & 8 & @ ' H1N = 05 .p'zf hg H 1 B . 0 Z B6@ L : &p. .' )SZ]'K& Z]' TVLlk @ ;A4\?Q( IE@~ }@ *6.@ c X5t=40JI @ 0d1 N B 0 5t0 C 9B 1 0@3 EAC7LQ( >?#0 A c CN uog4 I+e4 >UYDA c > N:@ Ce4 :E(;93 8 CC< >>4 D C4 =a1@ 8R4E*2-/g( = >HX8=H@I4E* Y X7 -:0 A+7e4E*2-aN APX IQ( >9R )Q( 7]U Sr A+350?-/*,>-/*,< j A AP=]BOAC>190 8,( c4E3?35(;3G,N ^ * L 5iB t&t& CG0J@3 . BW ' 7 & : & & ' K ' & 6 , ' G , : P : @ ;A4\4E*23 }4E4E93 8DAIQ( : 4E* Y 8Rg4 R_?;N ]A AC>HY,( _-/-7 ;=:( 8X(GC< >?(G( U AC;20?-B7 C4 = 8R-/w3 U #0 >84- 7X,05g( YcrC4E93 8 j e4 7=:(ELN ^ e * L 5iB t&t& CG0J@3 . BW ' 7 & & B6@C @ 'K& 5t@ ,6' 0 B6@ ,G:lP BG5OR . 7Bt1qB6@ LY&+& 5ON ' B+N L>&+& 5 H .p'K&S .tT WL L + C @ unQ( >9:Eg( =:Q( IE@O~ .C@ *6.@ Q( 7>HX2e4 >9I N

,

,

,

,

-, ,

K

-, ,

K

,-,

p

,

p

,

*

,:,

p

,

*

pK

,

+

,

,

-, ,

pEp

p

,

-, ,

-, ,

p

-, ,

,

,

-, ,

,

-, ,

-, ,

,

p 8R4 RI-?;@ >>- & 5pH X$N , 5m3 Q( & ; >>-/,6*]'Q05, g( Y),-/* .&.[&+T, 6X @ ? ]

CG0J@3 0J@ 6 , Q ' , l ) , ( . & p . K ' i & . @ N I 0 # + A , * ( Q 7 > > 4 e E : ( Q >

u Y : N @ * 1 Y ( g O Y : N @ I p N

H

$-:#0 AP=>-:( UX*2*24 C(;-/7 4\0G@u4E* Y 8 A+D* A R\4E* .N Z@H82*2(;;Q N lr 4k93 @GC4 =Be4 7=:(E@ YA-/35#0 >>4- 7X,05g( Y Y24\0?4b35#0 >HX@M90 X>?(EQN f hg 5 , @ ., (' 0 BG@ . BG@ ,6'Q,;)+,.& H .p'K&i .8@ a K c K 8] p pI@ 8Xg( @M(;7 7LQ( > N X4E* @GI .N I_* @H8ON 0 .p' 5p0 )SZ]'K& C f: 3BG5p0 ' 7 . N *AC>?>e4 782e4 :\e4 > m4\P< 8Ag4 R\4E*ON I_M7 ;8A+* I 8R-/w3 U #0 >84- 7X,05g( YKrX4E93 82-/*2&+& 5 .'K&S .xTVWL L 0@ RCAP=9;82(gX23GN !#","=%n'W)$)1*$*,*n- K@B7=/$b$b,/1",}.-0b+;FK N zc N ^ 4E* 2 uo-/*A4e>9I _(;X 4e*D>H>H@HAx8 4Ej *?> Y(G(;3GhN.4\ 0#@>>-> 4E*c @M (6,84E]* Y I@00#AC >>X,4\ . .4EB*@`Y ' 7 6& }2Y @ -!& )B6(Q@7(;C>H->9'KNI & 5t @ , _' 0 -/BGN 7-@ ;,G:q:= ( P BG4C50XR =:.0w7U j Bp1AP=:(QBG>>@ 4E*]LY09&t& 8X5N-B35' B10#>>N -4LY7&tX2& 055 (gYj H rX.'K4E&S39 8 . j T 4eWL 7=: (ELNb&^ * @ -, , p X4eA ; 3505(Q> N !"$"=%n'W),)+*$*,*n-54^1%67F" =o.- b&;8K N j N%LN-i, X &+& 5ON ' B1N LY&+& 5 H .p'K&i -.UT WL L + @ùn(Q>9E: (g/= (QEI @L~ .@C*/}@ (Q7>H2 X 4e>9I -, , N S+ A 4E7 X-/3?4E*K4E*Y C7 - 2+A *,(;*ON S:= -:0928 7 - -4A; 4E*A-> 4\0?-4ER ( C(G0 D AC>9_: -/*, 8 >HAX 39@H,8 (gH= @ 8> 4E*23 y4E4E3H8D]A (QF: @q4E*Y X*=0#+A *JI 2A D 350#>9+A *O@R(g2Y -/0#AC>> 3G@

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

LRCAP5w=B X2t7K&+& ( CG0J@3 . BWAC BY' X7 && (=' Z 0J5 &.p'q @ 'K'K&& . 5p@ ,6' 0 BG@ ,G:Z]P 'K& BG5OR . 7 Bt& 1 pBG&M@ @D;AL>4\&+>-Y,T WH@H8 N 5 B 0@ 9B 1 5 0 @

AC;A4C=h4E*YXD>>4E*284e7824e:\4e> m4\(G>4E7 4E*O@O4E*Y X*YD>?(;4 N m-@H824_NS@Q@M(;3>3?-/*,H7JI ~!AC;A-:(;3ACB Z(Q;=B->-47X205(gY *JR_-4>9A+*27K(;*]0GN 7 & BG5pHSB 9 B 1 ]Z ' 0@3 H .'K&S .8@ a c K O] @ N $->4gI+4E*A4E*O@ ZA+*,(;398 ZX>>4E*24_@ C-HY y4e>9;l@ 4E*Y Z@GAE050 D8,(;*D:E(Q>;N A+4CY uo4C=/4E*@G-B*,< -/* I0#>HX@M09XD>>(gY I_3505(;7 3GN+^ *L 5wB t&+& CG0J@3 . B ' 7 & & N L &+& 5N ' B1N >L &+& 5 H .p'K&i- .jTVWL L + @Mnu (Q>9:E(g=:(QIE@u~ }@* 6.@ B6@C @ 'K& 5t@ , ' 0 BG@ ,G:lP BG5OR . 7 Bt1XBG@ > (Q7>HX24e>9I N

-,

,

K

,

,

,

,

,

-,

-,

,

,

,

*

-,

,

,

-, ,

*

,

-, ,

-, ,

,

p ZI =4R_-/4 C4\0?*24E3?4E7IE@h4CX= >>4E*@G-/3;@ c4e>9: rX4E*Y=/(QIE@ C-HY y4e>H;u@s4E*Y D@GAE050Z82(;*D:E(Q>;N Z@G4C=B4e7=:(c~%A+*]05(;*=0wU YYD>>(;3?3?4e7=:(m(G0 D AC>9:FN ^ * L 5iB t&t& CG0J@3 . B ' 7 &xf hg H 1 B . 0 Z z zZ +,6' .jf 'K& (' Z &.T, L ' :2.T k @ ;A4\H;u@t4E*Y Z@GAE050 Z8,(;*D:E(Q> N E ;;=/-9:_3GN^ * L 5iB t&t& CG0J@3 . BW ' 7 & 7;0J5wC AC@BQ'KX& 5p& @j' ,6Z ' 0 BG&t@ ,G: 'KP &. BG5OR . 7Bt1 BG@ Z]'K-& &(' 8 BG&5OR & tC &M@ ;A5w4\B HA+*c4E*Y (G05(Q>8 >HX239@U8,(g=aNo3* j l4e>?>3?-B3505(;*=0C (G(Q>lUH0#AGU ;F(G(Q> _#0 AC>>4\9A+* 4E* Y`d(G05Q( > 8 >HXA93 @H8,g( =HN.h4E35#0 >9I Z@GC4 =/e4 7=:(E@ Y2-B35#0 >>4- 7X205g( Y AC7 5g( @M0 =4AZ@G4\0?4- A+* 4E* YN>9APX,0?-/*,V< BOAC>-=/e4 >?iUH#0 AGU ;L(GQ( > #3 I_3505(;7 3;bN ^ * L 5iB t&t& CG0J@3 . BW ' 7 & = WL#f hg @p 'K& @F5prm@ ,6(;'- Y,0 BGg( @ =47L,GQ(: >?9>5 7 & @ 4EtJ* & IEB6@ @ S A RE0 (;.p'7 5p07L)iQ( Z]> 'K& C H N.p'K&i .nL{:,6' BG5 -.zT g 0 C C :& 8 , 5 & Z@ ;A4\HA+* 4E* Y d(G05Q( > 8 >HXA93 @H8,g( =HN I#0 AC>>4\ _- N X,(Q>9I EAPX,0?-/*,9>>48R-4> 8R-/3?0#>> -47,X 05(gY 8R-4?> (gM@ 0#AC>HgI N ^ * R- -4>H+A - 3G@`L 5wB p&+& CG0@3 . B ' 7 & L3 N k g @ZRCAP=9:crC-:Q( >8e4 >H@H8JI C( D rC-:Q( >8e4 >H@H8JI*BOAC> 2APX,0?-/*29I 'K& e4 (>?' 9L :_3G N ' ^ m* :L .x5iTB p&+& C60@k 3 . B ' @D7 ;g&4\f HBGYO@@A~ 9.B z@`* /Z }@ 0 @1+, ' X,0 BG>-:( 4E-/90 8 %~ >84ED* AC>;N XD7=BiU RI>93 8A4- ;]U Z(;3>-/350?4E*]90 )Q( 7 XD7=/-/93 82-B*,< II3?05(;71N ^ * L 5iB t&t& CG0J@3 . B j 4EM ' 7 &t 0@ ' 7 & iZ 5t0 ' H H 1 B . 0 Z Ji @ ;g4\9:Eg( =/Q( IE@o~ .@ *6.@ SX2P< X2350 N ,

,

-, ,

,:,:,

,:,

-,

,

-, ,

,:,

,

,

-, ,

,:,

*

*

,:, ,:,

,:,

,

,:,

,:,

,

,

,

-, ,

,:,

-, ,

,

,

,

-, , ,

,

K

,:,

^ 4E*Jr}N $-:0505(;*O@" =/-/350?4E- *AGL4\0G@]4E*Y j -/7MAE098JIf~XN1un(g=? & q4e>H& @G-/4' U *AP& =/-/*24_N ^ 7-'K& ;>9A ,6R_' -/*,< ,GI: (;4e>H@H8$& -/*& dt(G& (Q>iUH0#AGU d.(G' (Q>,)SZ]I_'K& 3wU 9B 1 Z ' 0J@3 5i B H .'K&SC6 0@.U3 TV B 7 + @ 8 ;A4\@ >-B4_9@ B6c @X =4I 5 @ N B6@ 0 5t0 C unp&+Q( & REQ( >H= ' R e4 >H'K@G& -/4 U *,6' AP=/-/*2,G4_: N 8X(;3?-:&9Z]:F'K@ & 5 f, @`@ Cm 96.B z@ c zX2Z *2@!( 0 t,6' 0 B6@ N . B 0 &(' 0 &. TVW = k k g T B : ?H=Bg4 I K BO AC8,>(;>?*,(;< #3 AP?XD82>H4E@M*,(k

Data Structures and Algorithms for Distributed

Supporting Shared Data Structures on Distributed ...

Visualizing Distributed Data Structures - Computer Science: Indiana ...

Compact Distributed Data Structures for Adaptive Routing - CiteSeerX

Visualization of Distributed Data Structures for HPF-like ... - CiteSeerX

Scalable, Distributed Data Structures for Internet ... - Computer Sciences

Distributed Data Structures and Algorithms for GrSbner Basis ...

Interpolation for Data Structures∗

Optimal distributed controller synthesis for chain structures ...

TS/Scheme: Distributed Data Structures in Lisp - CiteSeerX

Competitive Concurrent Distributed Data Structures (Draft: Do not ...

Synopsis Data Structures for Massive Data Sets

LH*TH: New fast Scalable Distributed Data Structures - International ...

Tango: Distributed Data Structures over a ... - Cornell University

Self-stabilizing and Self-optimizing Distributed Data Structures

Compact and Localized Distributed Data Structures - Semantic Scholar

Tango: distributed data structures over a shared log - Microsoft

PATTERNS FOR DECOUPLING DATA STRUCTURES

Data Structures for Database Processing

Computational Data Structures for High

Data Structures

Data Structures

DATA STRUCTURES

Data Structures

Distributed Data Structures for Peer-to-Peer

Distributed Data Structures for Peer-to-Peer

Suggest Documents