was made at 9 stations covering Ramnagar, Ariel Bay and Khalipur beach of Diglipur in. North Andaman and Chatham, Carbyn's cove, Burmanallah, Kodiyaghat ...
Distribution and diversity of seaweeds in North and South Andaman Island P. KARTHICK, R. MOHANRAJU, CH. RAMESH AND KADA NARAYANA MURTHY Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University Brookshabad Campus, Port Blair - 744 112, Andaman
Diversity and distribution of seaweeds were studied from intertidal region in North Andaman during March 2012 and in South Andaman from October 2011 to August 2012. Sampling was made at 9 stations covering Ramnagar, Ariel Bay and Khalipur beach of Diglipur in North Andaman and Chatham, Carbyn's cove, Burmanallah, Kodiyaghat, Chidiyatapu and Wandoor in South Andaman. Results showed that seaweed distribution was comparatively more in rocky shores than in sandy shores. Totally 72 species belonging to 35 genera were recorded of which 6 species were found to be new distribution records and 10 samples were unidentified. Economically important seaweeds like Sargassum spp, Graci/aria spp, Caulerpa spp and Turbinaria spp were abundantly growing in South Andaman Islands.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands are situated in the middle of Bay of Bengal consisting of 572 Islands with a coastline of 8,249 sq kIn. Seaweeds are macroscopic algae forming an important renewable resource in the marine environment (Chennubhotla et al., 1987). Uses of seaweeds have been cited 2500 years ago in Chinese literature (Tseng, 2004). O'Brien (2011) estimated that 30,000 algal varieties are available in the world and many are yet to be identified. A complete check list of the availabile seaweeds in the Indian Ocean has been given by Silva et al. (1996). Subba Rao and Mantri (2006) listed 271 genera and 1153 species of marine algae belonging to four groups from Indian waters. In North Andaman, alginophytes in harvestable quantities and
agarophytes in less quantities were reported (Gopinathan and Panigrahy, 1978). Red algal diversity was found to be more than brown and green seaweeds. But brown seaweeds were more in number in South Andaman (Palanisamy, 2012). The seaweed distribution in South and Little Andaman was reported by Mohanraju and Pujari Tanusree (2012) and 80 species of seaweeds have been reported from Nicobar group of islands by Vinoth et al. (2010). Seaweeds are used as food and fertilizer in many parts of the world and also as source for the phycocolloids agar, algin and carrageenan which have wide industrial use. Some seaweed are consumed as vegetable, salad, soup, porridge and pickle (Chennubhotla et al., 1987). The earlier reports of distribution and abundance of seaweeds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands are that of Thivy (1958), Jagtap (1992), Mantri (2006), Rao
(2002) and Muthuvelan et al. (2001). The present study was made to understand the diversity of seaweeds in North and South Andaman Islands for creating a data base of seaweeds abundance, species diversity and their availability in Andaman Islands.
Materials and Methods In the present investigation, seaweeds were collected from 9 stations from
~
tl
94
ndllm.n " Nltobar
Islands
Khalipur beach in North Andaman to Chidiyatapu in South Andaman. The sampling sites were Khalipur beach, Ariel Bay, Ramnagar beach, Chatham, Carbyn's Cove, Burmanallah, Kodiyaghat, Chidiyatapu and Wando or (Fig. 1). Seaweeds in the intertidal zone were collected during low tide periods by hand picking. The photographs of all the species were taken at the sampling site. The complete plants with holdfast representing different
genera and species were separated carefully and the samples were preserved in 4% seawater formalin. Herbariums were also prepared for further detailed examination in the laboratory. Identification was made by referring the publications of Srinivasan (1969,1973), Umamaheswara Rao (1987), Chennubhhotla et al. (1987), Bhavanath Jha et al. (2009) and Silva et al. (1996).
Results In the present study, Diglipur in North and Port Blair in South Andaman were
covered. In North Andaman, sampling was done in the month of March 2012. South Andaman stations were continuously monitored every month from October 2011 to August 2012. The list of algae occurred is given in Table-I. Seaweeds were collected from different habitats such as rocky and sandy environments. Altogether 13 genera and 29 species of green algae, 9 genera and 23 species of brown algae and 13 genera and 20 species of red algae were recorded during the study period (Table-2). Six species namely Acetabularia acetabulum, Codium sp,
Oct-Dee 2011 Chlorophyceae 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18. 19.
20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28
29
Acetabularia acetabulum (Linnaeus) P. Silva A. calyculus Lamouroux Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C.Agardh Avrainvil/ea amadelpha (Montagne) A.Gepp & E.Gepp Boergeseniaforbesii (Harvey) J. Feldman Boodlea composita (Harvey) Brand Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux C. racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh. C. serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh C. taxi/olia (Vahl) C. Agardh C. verticil/ata J.Agardh Chaetomorpha crassa (C. Agardh) Kuetzing C. antennina (Bory de Saint- Vincent) Kuetzing C. spiralis Okamura Chaetomorpha sp Codium dwarkense Boergesen C.geppiorum O.Schmidt C. tomentosum Stackhouse Codium sp Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskal) Boergesen Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees E. ovata Thivy & Visalakshmi ex Joshi & Krishnamurthy Enteromorpha sp Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux H. tuna (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux H. macroloba Decaisne H. gracilis Harvey ex J. Agardh Neomeris annulata Dickie
+ + +
+ + + +
Jan-Apr 2012
May-Aug 2012
P. Karthick,
R. Mohanraju,
CH Ramesh
11
and Kada Narayana Murthy Table 1. Continued
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Phaeophyceae Dichotomaria tenera (Kjellman) Huisman Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux D. bartayresiana Lamouroux Galaxura rugosa (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux Galaxura sp Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Womersley ex Oliveira Padina gymnospora (Kuetzing) Sonder P.pavoniia (Linnaeus) Thivy P. tetrasporomatia Hauck Padina sp S. crassifolium J.Agardh S. cristaefolium C.Agardh S. duplicatum C.Agardh S. swartzii C. Agardh S. tenerrimum J.Agardh S. wightii Greville Sargassum sp Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kuetzing T. decurrens Bory de Saint -Vincent T. ornata (Turner) J. Agardh T. turbinata (Linnaeus) Kuntze Hormophysa cuneiformis (J. Gmelin) P. Silva Hydroclathratus clathratus (C. Agardh) Howe Rhodophyceae Acanthopora dendroides Harvey A. spicifera {Yahl) Boergesen Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne A. fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux Actinotrichiafragilis (Forsskal) Boergesen Bostrychia tene/la (Lamouroux) J. Agardh Corallina sp Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) J. Feldmann & GHamel Graci/aria crassa Harvey ex J. Agardh G corticata (J. Agardh) J.Agardh G edulis (S. Gmelin) P. Silva G salicornia (C. Agardh) Dawson G verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss Halymenia durvillei Bory de Saint-Vincent Halymenia sp Hypnea pannosa J. Agardh Laurencia papillosa (C. Agardh) Greville Liagora ceranoides Lamouroux Portieria hornemannii (Lyngbye) P.Silva Tricleocarpafragi/is (Linnaeus) Huisman & Townsend
+ Present;
-Absent
+ + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ +
+ + + +
+ + +
Table 2. Seaweed distribution at six localities in South Andamanfrom S.No.
I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
Seaweed species
Chatham
Chlorophyceae Acetabularia acetabulum (Linnaeus) P. Silva A. calyculus Lamouroux Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C. Agardh Avrainvi//ea amadelpha (Montagne) A. Gepp & E.Gepp Boergeseniaforbesii (Harvey) J. Feldman Boodlea compos ita (Harvey) Brand Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux C. racemosa (Forsskal) J.Agardh C. serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh C. taxi/olia (Vahl) C. Agardh C. verticil/ata J.Agardh Chaetomorpha crassa (C. Agardh) Kuetzing C. antennina (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Kuetzing C. spiralis Okamura Chaetomorpha sp Codium dwarkense Boergesen C. geppiorum O. Schmidt C. tomentosum Stackhouse Codium sp Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (F orsskal) Boergesen Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees E.ovata Thivy & Visalakshmi ex Joshi & V. Krishnamurthy Enteromorpha sp Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux H. tuna (Ellis & Solander)Lamouroux H. macroloba Decaisne H. gracilis (Harvey ex J. Agardh Neomeris annulata Dickie
0
October 2011 to August 2012
Carbyn's cove Bunnanallah
Kodiyaghat
:, 1:;.
Chidiyatapu
Wandoor
().; I::
g, :::s l:l
+ + + + +
-
+ + + +
+ + -
+ +
-
+
-
-
-
-
+ + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+ +
+
-
+ + + + + + +
+ -
-
+ + + +
-
+
-
-
-
+ +
+ + + + +
-
+
-
.
+
-
+ +
-
+ +
+ + + +
-
-
+ + + + + + + + + +
-
+ + + +
-
+ +
:::s
l:l..
E::
~ ;::
q ~ '"'
'~" 'f} '"" l:l
::i. ~ ~ l:l
:::s
l:l..
~ I:: ~ :>:.. :::s
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~ ~ :::s
l:l..
+ + + +
•....•
'"
:-tl
Table 2. Continued
~ ...•
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
Phaeophyceae Dichotomaria tenera (Kjellman) Huisman Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux D. bartayresiana Lamouroux Galaxura rugosa (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux Galaxura sp Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Womersley ex Oliveira Padina gymnospora (Kuetzing) Sonder P. pavonicia (Linnaeus) Thivy P. tetrastromatica Hauck Padina sp Sargassum crassifolium J .Agardh S. cristaefolium C.Agardh S. duplicatum C.Agardh S. swartzii C. Agardh S. tenerrimum J.Agardh S. wightii Greville Sargassum sp Turbinaria conoides (1. Agardh) Kuetzing T decurrens Bory de Saint- Vincent T ornata (Turner) J. Agardh T turbinata (Linnaeus) Kuntze Hormophysa cuneiformis (1. Gmelin) P. Silva Hydroclathratus clathratus (C. Agardh) Howe Rhodophyceae Acanthopora dendroides Harvey A. spicifera (Vahl) Boergesen Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne Afragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux Actinotrichiafragilis (Forsskal) Boergesen Bostrychia tenella (Lamouroux) J. Agardh Corallin a sp
So +
-
+ + +
+ +
-
+ .
+ +
-
-
+
+ + + +
-
+ +
+ -
+ + + +
-
-
+
.
+ +
+ + -
+ +
+
+ + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
;:;.
+ + + + + +
..e
+ + +
-
g
-
-
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+ + + + + + + + +
-
+ +
-
-
+
-
1";:tl
~ ;:,l:l .~ ..•
.;:
::0;, l:l
;s
''"" ;:,l:l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ...• ~l:l ~ l:l ~ ::t
~
+ +
+
+ -
+ + + +
•....• ...,
Enteromorpha ovata, Sargassum duplicatum, Dichotomaria tenera and Bostrychia tene//a were recorded for the first time from Andaman waters. Totally 6 genera and 9 species were recorded in Diglipur in North Andaman Islands (Table-3).
Discussion During this study, more numbers of seaweeds were found in South Andaman Islands compared to North Andaman. Seaweeds of North Andaman showed low diversity. Earlier study conducted by Gopinathan and Panigrahy (1978) showed the presence of Turbinaria and Sargassum species in the western side of Dig Iipur jetty in North Andaman. In the present study Acetabu/aria, Halimeda and Padina species were found to be dominant in Diglipur jetty in Ariel Bay. Mantri (2006) reported that east coast was affected during the Tsunami, which is in agreement with the present findings showing large number of seaweeds in the east coast of South Andaman Islands and least number of species in North Andaman. Species of Padina, Acetabu/aria, Liagora and Halimeda were observed in North Andaman but they are not well distributed. In South Andaman Cau/erpa, Graci/aria and Turbinaria species dominated in rocky shore environment. Sargassum and Padina showed dominance in rocky with sandy areas. Commercially important seaweeds like Graci/aria verrucosa, Gcrassa Gedulis and Cau/erpa racemosa were found on rocky coast of Burmanallah, Kodiyaghat and Wandoor coast. Coralline algae like Tricleocarpa fragilis, Amphiroa anceps and Amphiroa fragilissima were found in Kodiyaghat and Wandoor coast. Sargassum wightii, S. tenerrimum, Padina pavonica, P. tetrastomatica, Padina sp were found in large quantities in Wandoor and Chidiyatapu coast and similarly Turbinaria ornata, T decurrens,
Khalipur beach
Aerial Bay
Ramnagar beach
Chlorophyceae
2. 3.
Acetabularia acetabulum (Linnaeus) P. Silva Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux H. macroloba Decaisne
4. 5. 6. 7.
Padina gymnospora (Kuetzing) Sonder P.pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh T. conoides (1. Agardh) Kuetzing
8. 9.
Halymenia sp Liagora ceranoides Lamouroux
1.
Phaeophyceae
Rhodophyceae
T.conoides andSargassum sp in Carbin's Cove and Wandoor coast. Burmanallah coast is well exposed during low tide and seaweeds were distributed widely in this region. Sargassum, Amphiroa and Codium species were found on the rocky substratum in Chatham. The present study will be useful for creating data base on the occurrence and distribution of seaweeds in Andaman Island.
Acknowledgements We thank the Head, Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University and the University Authorities for providing the facilities to carry out this work.
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and
S.Kalimuthu 1987. Economically important Seaweeds. CMFRI Bull., 41: 3-19. Gopinathan, C.P. and R. Panigrahy 1978. Seaweed resources. In : Mariculture potential ofAndaman and Nicobar Islands. CMFRI Bull., 34: 47-51. Jagtap, T. G. 1992. Marine flora of Nicobar Group ofIslands in Andaman Sea. Indian J. Mar Sci., 21: 56-58. Muthuvelan, B., V.S.K. Chennubhotla., K.VK.Nair, V Sampath and M Ravindran 2001. Standing crop, biomass and comparative distribution of agarophytes, alginophytes and other algae in South Andaman. Indian Hydrobiol., 4: 130-138. Mantri, VA. 2006. Seaweed floristic studies along tsunami affected Indian Coasts: A Litmus test scenario after 26th December 2004. J. EarthSyst. Sci., 115 (3): 371-378. Mohanraju, R. and Pujari Tanushree. 2012. Seaweed distribution in South and Little Andaman. In: Ecology of Faunal Communities on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. K. Venkataraman,
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Vinodh, S., T. Thangaradjou, K. Sivakumar, L.Kannan and S.Ajmal Khan. 2010. Current scenario of seaweed resources in Great Nicobar Island. In: Recent Trends in Biodiversity of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Ramakrishnan, C.Ragunathan and C. Sivaperuman (eds.), Zoological Survey ofIndia, Kolkatta. pp. 147-156.
Srinivasan, K.S.1973. Phycologia Indica (leones of Indian marine algae). Vol 2. Botanical Survey ofIndia, Calcutta. 60 p. Subba Rao, P.V. and V.A Mantri 2006. Indian
