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JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Jan. 2002, p. 707–716 0022-538X/02/$04.00⫹0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.2.707–716.2002 Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Vol. 76, No. 2
Evidence for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication In Vivo in CD14⫹ Monocytes and Its Potential Role as a Source of Virus in Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Tuofu Zhu,1,2* David Muthui,1 Sarah Holte,3 David Nickle,2 Feng Feng,1 Scott Brodie,1 Yon Hwangbo,1 James I. Mullins,1,2 and Lawrence Corey1,2,4 Departments of Laboratory Medicine1 and Microbiology,2 University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and Programs in Biostatistics3 and Infectious Diseases,4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104 Received 23 May 2001/Accepted 28 September 2001
In vitro studies show that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) does not replicate in freshly isolated monocytes unless monocytes differentiate to monocyte-derived macrophages. Similarly, HIV-1 may replicate in macrophages in vivo, whereas it is unclear whether blood monocytes are permissive to productive infection with HIV-1. We investigated HIV-1 replication in CD14ⴙ monocytes and resting and activated CD4ⴙ T cells by measuring the levels of cell-associated viral DNA and mRNA and the genetic evolution of HIV-1 in seven acutely infected patients whose plasma viremia had been
