InteractIVe is a large scale integrating project co-funded by the European ... on the concept that by integrating applications together, vehicle components may be .... Vehicle acceleration will be derived if this is not directly measured by any sensors. .... Output manager functionality (software module translating Perception ...
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
7UDQVSRUW5HVHDUFK$UHQD±(XURSH
$9HKLFXODU(QYLURQPHQW3HUFHSWLRQ3ODWIRUPIRU6DIHW\ 5HODWHG$SSOLFDWLRQV $QJHORV$PGLWLVD3DQDJLRWLV/\WULYLVD 8UL,XUJHOE*UDQW*UXEEF1LOV $SSHQURGWG D
,QVWLWXWHRI&RPPXQLFDWLRQDQG&RPSXWHU6\VWHPV,URRQ3RO\WHFKQLRX6W $WKHQV*UHHFH E 'HOSKL'HXWVFKODQG*PE+'HOSKLSODW] :XSSHUWDO*HUPDQ\ F 9ROYR7HFKQRORJ\&RUSRUDWLRQ'HSW0 *|WDYHUNVJDWDQ6(*|WHERUJ6ZHGHQ G 'DLPOHU$*:LOKHOP5XQJH6WU:HUN +3&8 8OP*HUPDQ\
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
© 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of the Programme Committee of the 3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI75$ Transport Research Arena 2012 Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. .H\ZRUGV SHUFHSWLRQSODWIRUP DXWRPRWLYHVDIHW\ GDWDIXVLRQ VHQVRUV DFWXDWRUV
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
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO ID[ (PDLODGGUHVV SDQDJLRWLVO\WULYLV#LFFVJU
1877-0428 © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of the Programme Committee of the Transport Research Arena 2012 Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1101
Angelos Amditis et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
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
)LJLQWHUDFW,9HOD\HUHGDUFKLWHFWXUH
1255
1256
Angelos Amditis et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
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³VLJQDOV´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¶VPRYHPHQW
Angelos Amditis et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
3HUFHSWLRQSODWIRUP $VPHQWLRQHGLQVHFWLRQWKHSHUFHSWLRQSODWIRUPOLHVDWWKHKHDUWRIWKHSHUFHSWLRQOD\HUZKLFKLQ WXUQLVWKHFHQWUDOOD\HULQWKHLQWHUDFW,9HDUFKLWHFWXUH,QWKLVVHFWLRQWKHLQSXWWRWKHSHUFHSWLRQSODWIRUP WKH SHUFHSWLRQ PRGXOHV UXQQLQJ LQVLGH WKH SODWIRUP DV ZHOO DV WKH SHUFHSWLRQ RXWSXW QDPHO\ WKH 3HUFHSWLRQ+RUL]RQ ZLOOEHSUHVHQWHG$QRYHUYLHZRIWKHSHUFHSWLRQSODWIRUPLVGHSLFWHGLQ)LJXUH 3(5&(37,213/$7)250 5RDG'DWD)XVLRQ (9537R5RDG *36
$'$6,6Y+RUL]RQ 3URYLGHU
9HKLFOH6WDWH )LOWHU
(QKDQFHG9HKLFOH 3RVLWLRQLQJ
2GRPHWHU *\URVFRSH
&DPHUD
/LGDU
5DGDU
,QSXW0DQDJHU
9HKLFOH VHQVRUV
)URQWDO2EMHFW 3HUFHSWLRQ
6LGH5HDU2EMHFW 3HUFHSWLRQ
/DQH5HFRJQLWLRQ
5RDG(GJH 'HWHFWLRQ $VVLJQPHQWRI 2EMHFWV/DQHV
9HKLFOH7UDMHFWRU\ &DOFXODWLRQ
0RYLQJ2EMHFW &ODVVLILFDWLRQ
)URQWDO1HDU5DQJH 3HUFHSWLRQ
)UHH6SDFH 'HWHFWLRQ
5HFRJQLWLRQ 8QDYRLGDEOH&UDVK
958V'HWHFWLRQ
3HUFHSWLRQ+RUL]RQ
'LJLWDO0DS
&$1OLQH WRDSSOLFDWLRQ3&
8OWUDVRQLF
9;1RGHV 7HPSHUDWXUH 5DLQVHQVRU
(953 (JR9HKLFOH5HODWLYH3RVLWLRQ 958 9XOQHUDEOH5RDG8VHU 9; 9HKLFOHWR9HKLFOHRU 9HKLFOHWR,QIUDVWUXFWXUH
)LJ3HUFHSWLRQSODWIRUPRYHUYLHZ
3HUFHSWLRQLQSXW 7KH LQSXW WR WKH SHUFHSWLRQ SODWIRUP DUH WKH VHQVRUV DQG LQIRUPDWLRQ VRXUFHV ZKLFK EHORQJ WR WKH VHQVRU OD\HU 2QH RI WKH LQQRYDWLRQV RI WKLV SURMHFW DQG HVSHFLDOO\ WKLV SODWIRUP LV WKH ZHOO GHILQHG LQWHUIDFHV IRU JHQHULF VHQVRU W\SHV ZKLFK DOORZV GLIIHUHQW VHQVRUV RI WKH VDPH W\SH HJ WZR GLIIHUHQW UDGDU VHQVRUV WR FRQQHFW WR WKH SODWIRUP XVLQJ DQ DSSURSULDWH DGDSWRU PRGXOH 7KH SHUFHSWLRQ LQSXWV ZKLFKDUHKLJKOLJKWHGLQ)LJXUHDUHDOVROLVWHGEHORZ x 'LJLWDOPDS x *36 x 2GRPHWHU*\URVFRSH x 9HKLFOHVHQVRUV x &DPHUD x /LGDU x 5DGDU x 8OWUDVRQLF x 9;QRGHV x (QYLURQPHQWVHQVRUV WHPSHUDWXUHUDLQ
1257
1258
Angelos Amditis et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
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x $EVROXWHSRVLWLRQRIWKHHJRYHKLFOH ORQJLWXGHODWLWXGH x 5HODWLYHSRVLWLRQRIWKHYHKLFOHZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHGLJLWDOPDS x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
Angelos Amditis et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
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³LQODQHRI´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
1259
1260
Angelos Amditis et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
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x (TXDWLRQ GHVFULELQJ WKH JHRPHWU\ RI WKH VHJPHQW $OWHUQDWLYHO\ DWWULEXWHV VHJPHQW LQLWLDO SRLQW FRRUGLQDWHVVHJPHQWOHQJWKFXUYDWXUHFXUYDWXUHUDWH x 5RDGZLGWK IXVHG x /DQHZLGWK IXVHG x 4XDOLW\IODJ 5RDGJHRPHWU\LVGHOLYHUHGZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHHJRYHKLFOHORFDOFRRUGLQDWHVV\VWHP 5HFRJQLWLRQRI8QDYRLGDEOH&UDVK6LWXDWLRQV 7KH SXUSRVH RI WKH 5HFRJQLWLRQ RI 8QDYRLGDEOH &UDVK 6LWXDWLRQV PRGXOH LV WKH DVVHVVPHQW RI WKH DFWXDO VLWXDWLRQ DQG WKH SUHGLFWLRQ RI WKH OLNHO\ GHYHORSPHQW ZLWKLQ D FHUWDLQ WLPH IUDPH LQ WKH IXWXUH 5HVXOW RI WKH SUHGLFWLRQ LV WKH HVWLPDWLRQ RI D FUDVK SUREDELOLW\ DQG VHYHULW\ ZLWK WKH DLP RI D VHFXUH IRUHFDVWZLWKYHU\ORZIDOVHDODUPUDWHVDQGDKLJKSUREDELOLW\RIFUDVKGHWHFWLRQV,QJHQHUDOWKHPRGXOH VKRXOG VHUYH DV D VRXUFH RI LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU VDIHW\ DSSOLFDWLRQV WKDW KDYH WKH JRDO WR WULJJHU YDULRXV DFWXDWRUV\VWHPVLQVLGHRURXWVLGHWKHHJRYHKLFOH 5HODWLYH3RVLWLRQLQJWRWKH5RDGRIWKH(JR9HKLFOH 7KLV PRGXOH DLPV DW SURYLGLQJ WKH UHODWLYH SRVLWLRQLQJ RI WKH HJR YHKLFOH ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH URDG FRPELQLQJLQIRUPDWLRQIURPURDGJHRPHWU\DQGIURPYHKLFOHPRWLRQYHFWRU$PRUHDFFXUDWHSRVLWLRQRI WKH HJR YHKLFOH LV JLYHQ DVVLJQLQJ D ODQH LQGH[ DQG D ODWHUDO RIIVHW DORQJ ZLWK D KHDGLQJ WR WKH ODQH PDUNLQJ0RUHRYHUDFRQILGHQFHYDOXHLVSURYLGHG $VVLJQPHQWRI2EMHFWVWR/DQHV 7KLVPRGXOHXVHVWKHSRVLWLRQVRIWKHGHWHFWHGREMHFWVDQGWKHDYDLODEOHODQHJHRPHWU\DQGDVVLJQVD ODQH LQGH[ WR HDFK RQH RI WKHP 7KH ODQH LQGH[ LV H[WUDFWHG XVLQJ WKH UHODWLYH GLVWDQFH RI WKH GHWHFWHG REMHFWVIURPWKHODQH PDUNLQJV)RUHDFKGHWHFWHGREMHFWWKLV PRGXOHSURYLGHVDODQHDVVLJQPHQWLQGH[ WRJHWKHU ZLWK D FRQILGHQFH YDOXH ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH HJRYHKLFOH¶V SUHGLFWHG WUDMHFWRU\ RU DOWHUQDWLYHO\ ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHURDGJHRPHWU\DVWKLVLVSURYLGHGE\WKH5RDG'DWD)XVLRQPRGXOHGHSHQGLQJRQWKH DSSOLFDWLRQQHHGV
Angelos Amditis et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
9HKLFOH7UDMHFWRU\&DOFXODWLRQ 7KLVPRGXOHZLOOSURYLGHWKHIXWXUHWUDMHFWRU\RIWKHHJRYHKLFOHDVDOLVWRISRLQWV7KHDLPRILWLVWR SUHGLFWGULYHU¶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x 7KHV\QFKURQL]HGVXEVHWRIWKHRXWSXWVRIWKHSHUFHSWLRQSODWIRUPPRGXOHV x &RQILJXUDWLRQILOHV IRUHDFKGHPRQVWUDWRUYHKLFOHGHILQLQJ ZKLFKVHQVRUVDUHDYDLODEOHDQGLQ ZKDW PRXQWLQJSRVLWLRQSOXVZKLFKVLJQDOVDUHQHHGHGIRUHDFKDSSOLFDWLRQIXQFWLRQ x 2XWSXW PDQDJHU IXQFWLRQDOLW\ VRIWZDUH PRGXOH WUDQVODWLQJ 3HUFHSWLRQ +RUL]RQ GDWD WR WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQOLQHEHWZHHQSHUFHSWLRQSODWIRUPDQGDSSOLFDWLRQV
1261
1262
Angelos Amditis et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
7KH 3HUFHSWLRQ +RUL]RQ PRGXOH VHQGV WKH RXWSXW IURP DOO DYDLODEOH SHUFHSWLRQ PRGXOHV WR WKH DSSOLFDWLRQV7KHDGYDQWDJHRIVHQGLQJHDFKPRGXOH¶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³SOXJ DQG SOD\´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
Angelos Amditis et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 1254 – 1263
$$PGLWLV3/\WULYLV8,XUJHO&$UQGW,.DUDVHLWDQLGLV+/LQG *7KRPDLGLV (QKDQFHGSHUFHSWLRQVXLWDEOHIRU DFWLYHLQWHUYHQWLRQLQDXWRPRWLYHVDIHW\DSSOLFDWLRQV7KHLQWHUDFW,9HSURMHFWWK,76:RUOG&RQJUHVV%(;&2%XVDQ .RUHD2FWREHU $$PGLWLV$%RORYLQRX8,XUJHO$(WHPDG(-RKDQVVRQ$6DUROGL/%MHONHIOR (QKDQFHGSHUFHSWLRQVKDUHGE\ DXWRPRWLYHVDIHW\DSSOLFDWLRQVVXSSRUWLQJDFWLYHLQWHUYHQWLRQ7KHLQWHUDFW,9HV\VWHPRYHUYLHZWK,76:RUOG&RQJUHVV 2UODQGR2FWREHU &5HVV'%DO]HU$%UDFKW6'XUHNRYLF -DQ/|ZHQDX $'$6,6SURWRFROIRUDGYDQFHGLQYHKLFOHDSSOLFDWLRQVWK ,76:RUOG&RQJUHVV1HZ
