institutional repositories software for digital libraries in the digital ...

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Consortium Volume – 1 | Issue – 3 | December 2014 [email protected]| http://ijmc.rtmonline.in | ISSN

2349-073X

INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES SOFTWARE FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT by C. Velmurugan | Research Scholar | Department of Library & Information Science | Periyar University | Salem – 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India | [email protected] & Dr. N. Radhakrishnan | Associate Professor | Department of Library & Information Science | Periyar University | Salem – 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT The Institutional Repositories (IR), open source (OA) and libraries have group in common which is useful in libraries to have greater control over their computing environment and results can support librarians in their fulfilment of day-to-day responsibilities as well as the goals of the career. This paper aims to explore the objectives, benefits, advantages and importance of IR. Open source, Digital libraries (DLs)/institutional repositories (IRs)/digital archives are been discussed heavily since 2000. Under open source license terms and conditions range of digital library software are available especially Aigaion, BRICKS (software), D-Space, E-Prints, Greenstone (software), Invenio, Islandora, Museolog, Omeka, Refbase, RefDB, SobekCM etc. It is observed that generally documents like theses, dissertations, seminar papers, journal articles, etc., are being found more in the repositories. This paper highlights the types of software and free institutional repository software and throws light on open source software packages that enable people to build institutional repositories and to encourage authors to self archive. This paper also elaborates on the features of institutional repositories available in India and all over the world. KEYWORDS: Open Access, Institutional Repositories Aigaion, E-print, Dspace, Greenstone, Invenio, Islandora, Museolog, Omeka, Refbase. INTRODUCTION Open Access- Definition The term ‘‘open source’’, coined in the late 1990s, is often applied in two distinct ways: (1) to a software programme licensed under particular terms and (2) to a software development model (Velmurugan, 2012). According to Bjork (2004) stated that open access means that “a reader of a scientific publication can read it over the Internet, print it out and even further distribute it for non commercial purpose without any payments or restrictions” Willinsky (2003) identified nine flavours of open access. The flavours are:

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 E-print archive (authors self-archive pre- or post-prints),  Unqualified (immediate and full open access publication of a journal,  Dual mode (both print subscription and open access versions of a journal are offered),  Delayed open access (open access is available after a certain period of time),  Author fee (authors pay a fee to support open access),  Partial open access (some articles from a journal are available via open access),  per-capita (open access is made available to countries based on per-capita income),  Abstract (open access available to table of contents/abstracts, and  Co-op (institutional members support open access journals). The above meaning said that it is recognized that in open access, anything published is available to all online worldwide. It can be readable, downloadable, and copyable and can also be distributed freely for research and other purpose. It is cleanly a means to make research outcome freely available online to the entire research society. REPOSITORY- DEFINITION According to Oxford English Dictionary, Repository is a "vessel receptacle, chamber, etc, in which things are or may be placed, deposited or stored". According to Wikipedia "A repository is a central place where data is stored and mined. A repository can be a where multiple databases or files are located for distribution over a network or a repository can be a location that is directly accessible to the user without having to travel across a network" www.en.wikipadia.org/wiki/repository/ According to Clifford Lynch (2003), An Institutional Repository is an organization based set of services which the organization offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members. It is most essentially as an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate as well as organization and access or distribution. According to Mark Ware (2004), An Institutional Repository (IR) is defined to be a webbased database (repository) of scholarly material which is institutionally defined (as opposed to a subject-based repository); cumulative and perpetual (a collection of record); open and interoperable (e.g. using OAI-compliant software); and thus collects, stores and disseminates (is part of the process of scholarly communication). In addition, mostly it would include long-term preservation of digital materials as a key function of IRs. Published by: Modern Rohini Education Society

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PREVIOUS WORK Giri and Sengar (2011) analyzed and provided an insight into the practical implementation aspects of OSS for managing the activities and services of a library. They have identified that the main pre-requisite of OSS use in libraries is the librarian’s potentiality to harness the staff motivation in a positive way. They found that OSS is more future oriented and is a suitable low cost alternative to their proprietary counterpart. Bissels (2008) discussed OSS installation at the Royal London Homeopathic Hospital (RLHH) and described the transition to the Koha 3.0 library management system (LMS) as the library’s primary information access framework. He has stated that Koha, an open source ILS, fulfilled the needs and goals of a specialised medical library institution. Goh, et al. (2006) introduced an evaluation of four open source DL products with the intended result of a standardized methodology for the selection of OSS for DL. TYPES OF SOFTWARE Although in the cyber age freeware, open source, and shareware are commonly used as synonyms. Actually there is difference between these terminologies and their use. Their definitions and differences between them are stated as follows:  Proprietary (Commercial) Software: User has to purchase proprietary software for its use and in course of time he becomes totally dependent on the commercial developer and has to pay high cost for its purchase, maintenance, and improvement. User is unable to modify software for his own needs, makes him feel helpless at the mercy of external software.  Shareware Software: Shareware can be downloaded free of cost to try as a sample, but for the ultimate use, user is supposed to pay for it. It is developed and released by someone who keeps full control of the intellectual property. The user does not have access to the source code and cannot modify it. There is also no collaboration or community around shareware.  Freeware Software: Freeware is the software which can be downloaded, used and copied without restrictions. No access to the source code, no community, no development, and no improvement can be possible.  Free/Open Source Software (FOSS): The FOSS or free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS) is software that is both free software and open source. It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use, copy, study, change, and improve its design through the availability of its source code rather than its cost. This approach has gained both momentum and acceptance as the potential benefits have been increasingly recognized by both individuals and corporations as free software. This terminology came from the ideological movement against proprietary from FSF (Free Software Foundation) in 1985 and open source from OSI (Open Source Initiative) in 1998. Published by: Modern Rohini Education Society

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FREE INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY SOFTWARE Open source, Digital libraries (DLs)/institutional repositories (IRs)/digital archives are been discussed heavily since 2000. Under open source license terms and conditions range of free institutional repository software are available especially Aigaion, BRICKS (software), D-Space, E-Prints, Greenstone (software), Invenio, Islandora, Museolog, Omeka, Refbase, RefDB, SobekCM etc. Aigaion is web-based reference management software. It structures a bibliography using topic tree oriented publication management. Publications may be annotated to briefly outline the publication's relevance. Aigaion is built on the BibTeX format.  BRICKS (Building Resources for Integrated Cultural Knowledge Services) is an open-source software framework for the management of distributed digital assets. The BRICKS project released the first prototype of its software framework (v0.1) in December 2005. In February 2007, the third prototype release was made available. The next release is planned in July 2007. BRICKS has been deployed on a number of cultural institutions under the umbrella of the BRICKS Cultural Heritage Network, a community of cultural heritage, scientific and industrial organizations across Europe. The software itself is shared under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).  DSpace is an open source repository software package typically used for creating open access repositories for scholarly and/or published digital content. The first public version of DSpace was released in November 2002, as a joint effort between developers from MIT and HP Labs. Following the first user group meeting in March 2004, a group of interested institutions formed the D-Space Federation, which determined the governance of future software development by adopting the Apache Foundation's community development model as well establishing the D-Space Committer Group.  E-Prints was created in 2000 as a direct outcome of the 1999 Santa Fe meeting that launched what eventually became the OAI-PMH. E-Prints is a free and open-source software package for building open access repositories that are compliant with the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. The E-Prints software is not to be confused with e-prints (or e-prints), which are preprints (before peer review) and post prints (after peer review), of research journal articles: e-prints = preprints + post prints. The E-Prints software was enthusiastically received and became the first and one of the most widely used free open access, institutional repository software, and it has since inspired the development of other software that fulfill a similar purpose.  Greenstone is a suite of software tools for building and distributing digital library collections on the Internet or CD-ROM. It is open-source, multilingual software, issued under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Greenstone is produced by Published by: Modern Rohini Education Society

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the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato, and has been developed and distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Human Info NGO in Belgium.  Invenio is an open source software package that provides the tools for management of digital assets in an institutional repository. Invenio was developed by the CERN Document Server Software Consortium, and is freely available for download. Free and paid support models are available. In the year 2006, the package was named as CDSware. Since the release of version 0.90.0 in 2006, the software has been renamed CDS Invenio. Nowadays the software is known under the name Invenio.  Islandora is an open source digital asset management system based on Fedora Commons, Drupal and a host of additional applications. It is open source software (released under the GNU General Public License) and was developed at the University of Prince Edward Island by the Robertson Library.  Museolog is a web-driven software system for cataloging museum information. It is an advanced tool for museum records management, based on the international standards. It was developed by EUROCLID within UNESCO HeritageNet project, and localized by the non-governmental organizations Open Systems. Using this software, initial functions of input and editing of museum catalogues are provided what has been described as a modern intuitive graphical interface using forms and menus.  Omeka is a free, open source content management system for online digital collections and It was developed by the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University, Omeka was awarded a technology collaboration award by the Andrew Mellon Foundation. Omeka has a focus on display and uses an unqualified Dublin Core metadata standard.  Refbase is web-based institutional repository and reference management software which is often used for self-archiving. refbase is licensed under the GPL and written in PHP and uses a MySQL backend. It can generate formatted bibliographies and citations in LaTeX, RTF, HTML, and PDF. refbase also has advanced search features and can generate RSS feeds from searches. Refbase supports the Search/Retrieve via URL (SRU) and OpenSearch web services as well as COinS and unAPI metadata.  RefDB is a client/server reference database and bibliography tool for markup languages like SGML, XML, and LaTeX. It is suitable for standalone use for the purpose of self-archiving, but can be used as an institutional repository as well. Data storage proper is done in one of several supported SQL database engines. RefDB runs on a variety of Unix-like operating systems (Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Mac OS X, Solaris) and on Windows/Cygwin. RefDB is licensed under the GPL. The data storage is managed by an application server. Published by: Modern Rohini Education Society

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 SobekCM (alternately Sobek CM) is a software engine and suite of associated tools

for digital libraries. SobekCM was developed at the University of Florida Libraries by Mark V. Sullivan. SobekCM powers many digital collections, libraries, and repositories. The largest digital repositories powered by SobekCM are the University of Florida Digital Collections (UFDC) and the Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC). SobekCM has been released as open source software with a GNU GPL license. The SobekCM software can be downloaded from the SobekCM Software Download Site and SourceForge. The site also includes documentation for installing and configuring the SobekCM software. GENESIS OF INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES IN INDIA Institution repositories movement in India was started in 2004, when M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation and Indian national science academy had signed the Berlin Deceleration and organized workshops on Open Access and Institutional Repositories at various locations in India. In the same year first institution repository was developed by Indian Institute of Science. In 2005, University Grant Commission submits metadata and full text of doctoral thesis during the year 2006, there were significant events in OA in India. The Indian Academy of Sciences (IAS)had organized workshop on Electronic Publishing and OA at Bangalore, the OA session at the 93rd Indian Science Congress in Hyderabad (January 3-7, 2006), produced "Optimal National Open Access Policy for India" and the National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela had become first institution in India to adopt OA mandate. In 2007 National Knowledge Commission (NKC) recommended an OA mandate for publicly-funded research, public funding for OA digitization projects, and a funding model to support OA journals in India. All these events had significantly contributed for establishment of IR and OA movement in India. From 2007 to 2010 many of the organization make it mandatory to adopt IRs to disseminate the information from its journals, conference proceeding collection, etc without any barrier. According to Open DOAR and ROAR (2010), there are 676 Institutional repositories using DSpace, 343 Institutional repositories using E-Prints and 12 institutional repositories using Greenstone in the world. On the other hand out of 55 Institutional repositories in India 28 Institutional repositories using DSpace, 19 Institutional repositories using E-Prints and 2 institutional repositories using Greenstone (Source: http://roar.eprints.org). Institutional repositories in India are developing rapidly. Open source software, especially DSpace, is increasingly being used for the creation of digital repositories. Now a day, it is a trend of Institutional repository all around. Many of the institution have their repositories which they have built using various open source software. But most of the institutional repositories for testing or trial purpose only and are not maintaining properly. Published by: Modern Rohini Education Society

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NOTABLE IR SOFTWARES A variety of systems are in use. IR software may be supported in various ways (e.g., locally supported, centrally supported by a consortium of institutions, or supported for a fee by a vendor). Some notable commonly used systems are (Velmurugan, 2013). IR Software, developer license and its URLs

ADVANTAGES OF INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES (IR)        

It is a new and innovative channel of scholarly communication. It provides wider access and visibility to the research output. It preserves of institution’s heritage. It reduces the publication delay. It is a faster and effective communication channel. It increases the citation to the publications. It strengthens research especially in the Indian context. It is a boon for Gray Literature visibility (Velmurugan, 2010)

CONCLUSION The popular concept of institutional repositories is growing rapidly in the educational as well research institutions to disseminate newly emerged knowledge and expertise. The institutional repository is a scholastic resource for its success and its long-term sustainability. The institutional repositories needs to be reviewed regularly and users’ feedback obtained from the user communities. The repositories should be linked from the Published by: Modern Rohini Education Society

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institutions’ respective websites. If the institutional repositories are available in internet which can be accessed throughout the world and if an institutional repository offers quality research publications, well-defined metadata elements and user friendly search interface, it would be trendy amongst researchers in the world over. REFERENCES 

Bibliography

1. Giri, R. & Sengar, D.S. Use of open source software in the learning resource center of Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology: A case study. Annals Library and Information Studies, 2011, 58, 41-48. 2. Bissels, G. Implementation of an open source library management system–experiences with Koha 3.0 at the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital, open source software use in libraries 11. Program, 2008, 42(3), 303-14. 3. Goh, D.H.L. & Chua, A. A checklist for evaluating open source digital library Software. Online Inf. Rev., 2006, 30(4), 360-79. 4. Lynch, Clifford (2003), institutional repositories: essential infra structure for scholarship in digital age, ARL bimonthly report, No.226, ppl-7. 5. Mark Ware, (2004). Pathfinder Research on Web-based Repositories (London: Publisher and Library/Learning Solutions, 3. 6. Velmurugan.C (2010), Institutional Repositories: a powerful tool for accessing information for Educationalists, Proceedings of the National Conference on Next Generation Digital Libraries and web technologies: challenges and opportunities held on 19-21st August, 2010 at Sri Krishna College of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore, pp 6.92- 6.97. 7. Velmurugan.C and Kannan, K, (2012), Recent Growth and Developments in OpenSource Software on Digital Libraries in India, Pearl: A Journal of Library and Information Science, pp173-178. 8. Velmurugan.C (2013), Open source software: An institutional digital repository system with special reference to DSpace software in digital libraries - an introduction, Review paper, International Journal of Library and Information Science, 2013, pp 313-318. http://www.academicjournals.org/IJLIS. 

Webogrphy


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1. http://repositories.webometrics.info/top800_rep.asp accessed on 15 August 2014. 2. http://www.opendoar.org/, accessed on accessed on 15 August 2014. 3. http: //roar.eprints.org/, accessed on accessed on 15 August 2014. 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Free_institutional_repository_software, accessed on 15 August 2014. 5. http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/open_access, accessed on 15 August 2014. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/staff/kaantelm/do_open_access_CRL.pdf, accessed on 15 August 2014.


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