Bastnasite
Stibnite
THE CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS
Dr. Corby G. Anderson Harrison Western Professor The Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy Colorado School of Mines G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Colorado School of Mines • • • • •
Est. 1874 Golden, Colorado 3 Colleges & 21 Technical Majors About 200 Faculty About 5000 Students
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“…has a unique mission in energy, mineral, and materials science and engineering…” “has the most stringent admission standards of any US public engineering school.” “ranked #1 in the World for Mining and Mineral Engineering” by Business Insider. “ranked as #1 US Engineering school” by USA Today. “average starting salary of a BSc Mines graduate is $ 10 K more than an Ivy League graduate.”
• • • •
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering - MME Abut 20 full time faculty members 5 Centers and Institutes: Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy Colorado Center for Advanced Ceramics Advanced Steel Processing & Products Res. Ctr. Center for Welding, Joining & Coating Research Advanced Coatings & Surface Engineering Res. Ctr.
Degrees: PhD, MS, ME & BS in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering PhD & MS in Materials Science PhD & MS in Nuclear Engineering
Students: Graduate level : about 140 Undergraduate level: about 50 per year graduate G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy Patrick R. Taylor Director, KIEM G.S. Ansell Distinguished Professor of Chemical Metallurgy EXPERTISE •Mineral Processing •Extractive Metallurgy •Recycling •Waste Treatment & Minimization •Thermal Plasma Processing
Edgar E. Vidal Research Associate Professor of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering EXPERTISE •Extractive and process metallurgy •Pyrometallurgy •Recycling •Waste treatment and minimization.
D. Erik Spiller Research Professor of Metallurgical nd Materials Engineering EXPERTISE •Mineral Processing •Leaching •Project management: feasibility, engineering, construction management, operationsa
Possible New Professors– to be hired to replace Dr. G.P. Martins and Dr. B. Mishra
Brajendra Mishra Director, CR3 Emeritus Professor of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering EXPERTISE •Pyrometallurgy •Electrochemistry •Materials synthesis •Waste Processing •Recycling •Molten Salt Processing
Paul B. Queneau Gerard P. Martins Adjunct Professor Emeritus Professor of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering EXPERTISE •Extractive and process EXPERTISE metallurgy Process and extraction •Pyrometallurgy metallurgy •Recycling Engineered ceramic and •Waste treatment and metal powders minimization. Electrochemical systems Corrosion Transport phenomena Reactor Design
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Corby G. Anderson Harrison Western Professor of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering CSM Director, CR3 EXPERTISE •Extractive Metallurgy •Mineral Processing •Recycling • Waste Treatment & Minimization
Judith C. Gomez Research Assistant Professor of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering EXPERTISE Extractive and process metallurgy Materials synthesis Recycling Waste treatment and minimization
The Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy
Dr. Patrick R. Taylor, Director KIEM George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
“KIEM - Excellence in Education and Research for the Mining, Minerals and Metals Industries” • History: The Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy was established at the Colorado School of Mines in 1974 using a bequest from William J. Kroll. • This effort was led by Professor Al Objectives: The objectives of KIEM Schlechten. For over 40 years, the are to provide research expertise, Kroll Institute has provided support for well-trained engineers to industry, a significant number of undergraduate and research and educational and graduate students who have gone opportunities to students, in the areas on to make important contributions to of : minerals processing, extractive the mining, minerals and metals metallurgy, recycling, and waste industries. minimization. G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS
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G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL MATERIALS
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
ALUMINUM A RARE METAL BEFORE 1887 The 10 Most Abundant Elements in the Earth's Crust Source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 77th Edition. Element
Abundance percent by weight
Abundance parts per million by weight
Oxygen
46.1%
461,000
Silicon
28.2%
282,000
Aluminum
8.23%
82,300
Iron
5.63%
56,300
Calcium
4.15%
41,500
Sodium
2.36%
23,600
Magnesium
2.33%
23,300
Potassium
2.09%
20,900
Titanium
0.565%
5,650
Hydrogen
0.14%
1,400
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Karl Joseph Bayer
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Chateau Des Beaux, France
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
BAYER ALUMINA 1887 PROCESS
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Electrometallurgy Hall – Heroult Aluminum Process 1887
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
ALUMINUM
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
ALUMINUM A COMMON METAL AFTER 1887
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL MATERIALS Rare Earths
Antimony Antimony
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL MATERIALS Rare Earths
Antimony
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
REE USES As of 2009, the USGS reports the distribution of rare earths by end use, in decreasing order, was: - chemical catalysts 22% - metallurgical applications and alloys 21% - petroleum refining catalysts 14% - automotive catalytic converters 13% - glass polishing and ceramics 9% - rare earth phosphors for computer monitors, lighting, televisions 8% - permanent magnets 7% - electronics 3% - others 3 %
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Rare Earths Total TREO abundance in earth is 220 ppm. Carbon 200 ppm ! They are widely distributed in low individual concentrations but found all together normally. There are 123 important rare earth deposits in the world and they are located in twenty countries. They occur in over 200 minerals. 95% of TREOs occur in the minerals bastansite, monazite and xenotime. G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Rare Earths Powderhorn White Earth Deposit Gunnison, Colorado - Perovskite, CaTiO3
500 Million Tons of 8% Perovskite - 0.36% TREO ! Development (hence rarity) of Ti and TREO impeded by concentration and separation not availability ! G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Example Flow Sheet – Mineral Processing – Flotation and Chemical Treatment A very complex flow sheet that requires significant energy and chemicals. Research may lead to alternative surface chemistry and flotation processes.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Rare Earths Hydrometallurgy - Rare earths are difficult to concentrate and separate as they have very similar chemical natures. - It took 160 years for scientists to isolate and identify all of them. - They have ‘lanthanide contraction’ which is the root cause of rare earth chemistry similarities. G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Rare Earths Lanthanide Contraction
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Rare Earths Hydrometallurgy
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Selective Hydrometallurgical IX Separation of REO
Typical Yields and Purities Of The Rare Earth Oxides Recovered Through Ion Exchange.
Ion Exchange Columns for the Separation of the Lanthanides at Michigan Chemical Corporation, St. Louis Michigan.
Separation of the Lanthanides from Cationic Exchanger DOWEX 50 with 1 M Lactate pH = 3.19, flow rate at 0.4 ml/cm2/min.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Extraction of REO from Bastnasite
HF
Once a concentrate is obtained, then the metals of interest must be extracted from the material. Several approaches are possible, usually involving calcining and acid leaching. The solutions are then subjected to ion exchange or solvent extraction for purification.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
ANTIMONY
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Antimony History • • • • • • •
Known in 4000 B.C. Metal known as regulus Greek for “metal not found alone” Metal is brittle - must be alloyed Early 1900’s used in munitions Automobile batteries boosted usage Flame retardants now major use
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Antimony Occurrence and Mineralogy • Abundance in earth 0.2 g/t • Antimony is a chalcophile • Over 100 Antimony minerals are known • Stibnite, Sb2S3, is the predominant ore
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
ANTIMONY
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Antimony Uses and Applications • Sb2O3 for flame retardants, pigments, and catalysts. • NaSb(OH)6 for flame retardants and glass. • Antimonial lead and alloys. • Sb2S3 in brake lines and matches. • Sb2O5 for flame retardants.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Antimony • For optical rewritable disks like DVD as a material to phase-change layer providing increase of data capacity
For low-noise refrigerators and wine cellars of recent advanced models as a mixture to materials of thermoelectric module of cooling system.
For electronic components such as IC filler and IC chips, as a flame retardant additive.
For polyester fiber as a polymerization catalyst.
For its flame retardant properties, antimony is used as an additive in the production of components for office electronic equipment such as personal computers, copying and facsimile machines For electronic components such as IC filler and IC chips, as a flame retardant.
For components of automobile such as an engine block as additives in molding and a brake pad/lining as additives for friction material, for wire coating materials,rubber materials and for the plastics in automobile interiors for its flame retardant properties.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
ANTIMONY
Antimony Market Factors Global Demand is increasing as the Chinese economy continues to grow at approximately 10% per year. And the Western world is increasing the requirements on fire-proofing. In the EU Sb is a top Critical Material now and current metal and oxide prices are rising dramatically.
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G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
ANTIMONY Worldwide known reserves are be only 2.1m tonne of Sb metal. This represents only 11 years of consumption left.
China has the majority of known metal reserves. But, China’s reserves are depleting rapidly. Antimony (Sb – stibnite) is a very scarce mineral G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Economics of Antimony
Few Published Prices Chinese Dominate Industry for the Past 25 Years
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Zhao Tian Cong
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
ANTIMONY Typical Stibnite Ore Mineral Processing Results Operation
Conc. Grade, % Sb
Tails Grade, % Sb
Recovery, %
Hand sorting
Ore Grade, % Sb 2.25
7.80
0.12
95.95
Heavy media
1.58
2.65
0.18
95.11
Flotation
3.19
47.58
0.21
93.97
Average
2.68
19.44
0.18
94.11
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Pyrometallurgy of Antimony • Generally grade determines process •
5 - 25% Sb - volatilized to Sb2O3
• 25 - 40% Sb - smelted in blast furnace • 45 - 60% Sb - liquation or iron precipitation
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Hydrometallurgy of Antimony
• Alkaline Sulfide system • Acidic Chloride system
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Sunshine Antimony Process
First built in 1942 as part of US Government need for Critical Materials for the US WWII effort. Torn down in 2002 due to Chinese market domination and subsequent low global Sb prices. G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS
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G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS • 50 % of All Experienced North American Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgical Engineering Expertise Will Retire In Less Than 10 Years. • In North America Only About A Half Dozen Schools Teach Or Do Substantive Research In Extractive Metallurgy. • No North American School Offers An Accredited Distinct Mineral Processing Or Extractive Metallurgy Engineering Degree Any More. G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS Alphabetical List of ABET Accredited Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Programs in the United States. B.S. Mining Engineering
B.S. Metallurgical Engineering
Colorado School of Mines
University of Arizona
Colorado School of Mines
Missouri University of Science and Technology
University of Kentucky
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Montana Tech of the University of Montana
University of Nevada-Reno
Montana Tech of the University of Montana
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
University of Utah
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
Pennsylvania State University
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
University of Alabama
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
West Virginia University
University of Nevada-Reno
Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
University of Texas at El Paso
University of Alaska Fairbanks
University of Utah
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS • There Is Only One Disticnt Metallurgical Engineering Program In North America (U of Utah). All The Rest Are Aligned With Or Subsets Of Materials, Mining Or Other Programs. •We Have Now Lost 3 Generations of Mineral Engineering Talent. • We Lost The US Bureau of Mines. G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS • We Cannot Attract, Hire Or Retain Qualified Faculty. • The Western Australia School of Mines Just Consolidated Mining Engineering With Extractive Metallurgy. • The Camborne School of Mines Just Suspended It’s Mineral Engineering Program. • We Gave Up Our Mineral Engineering Intellectual Capacity And It Will Take A Long Time And A Lot of Effort To Regain It. G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS
How are we fixing this ?
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Bastnasite
Monazite and other ores
Tailings
Phosphoric Acid
Concentrates Purified intermediates: fluorides, oxalates, carbonates, etc.
Oxides Metals & Alloys Magnets
Catalysts Electrodes Etc.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
AN
ENERGY
I N N O VAT I O N
HUB
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Two Guiding Principles 1. Produce more
2. Use less
• We have to address the entire materials lifecycle, going from birth through death, and beyond, to include resurrection. G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Mineral Processing/Extractive Metallurgy Mineral Processing – the utilization of methods to separate valuable minerals (or metals) from waste minerals (or recycled materials) Hydrometallurgy – the utilization of aqueous environments to remove metals from minerals (or recycled materials), to separate dissolved metals from each other, to recover metals from solution. Pyrometallurgy – the utilization of elevated temperatures to modify the chemistry of minerals, to reduce minerals to metals, to refine metals, etc. Electrometallurgy – the utilization of electricity to recover and to refine metals, etc. G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Public Perception of Extractive Metallurgy
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Financial Perception of Extractive Metallurgy
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Actual Extractive Metallurgy
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Mining, Mineral Processing & Extractive Metallurgy – Past & Present PAST
Future?
PRESENT Geology
Geology
M ining
M ineral Processing Extractive (Chemical) M etallurgy
Education Engineering Economics
Waste Treatment, Processing & Minimization
Mining
Particulate Materials Processing Materials Chemical Processing
Physical M etallurgy
Education Engineering Economics Energy Environment
Recycle
New Materials Development
Materials Science & Engineering
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering - MME Bachelor of Science
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering - MME Master of Engineering 30 Graduate Level Course Credits and an Engineering Report
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering - MME Master of Science 18 Graduate Level Course Credits, 18 Research Credits 1 Peer Review Publication And A Research Thesis G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering - MME
Doctor of Philosophy 36 Graduate Level Course Credits Written and Oral Comprehensive Exams Two Peer Reviewed Publications And A Research Thesis G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Alexandra Anderson
Allie has Master of Science and is now PhD candidate. She is from Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington. She was working on rare earth metal reduction through molten salt electrolysis with Professor Mishra. Now she is working on computational fluid dynamics for her PhD research with Dr. Taylor.
Caelen Anderson
Caelen is from Butte, Ameriac and has earned his PhD. He earned his undergraduate degree in Metallurgical Engineering from Montana School of Mines, his MSc. in Mineral Resource Management from the Camborne School of Mines, and his MSc. in Minerals Engineering from RWTH Aachen. In his PhD thesis he worked on improving understanding of rare earth mineral surface chemistry and its application to froth flotation with Professor Taylor.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Brett Carlson
Brett is a PhD candidate from Rapid City, South Dakota. He earned his undergraduate degree in Metallurgical Engineering from South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. He is researching recycling of rare earth magnets with Professor Taylor.
Hao Cui
Hao is a PhD candidate from China. He earned his undergraduate degree from University of Technology and Science, Beijing. He completed his MSc research on the flotation of rare earth carbonate minerals and trying to find a way of depressing gangue minerals with Professor Anderson. He is now working on Recycling of Electronic Waste.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Patrick Max Eduafo
Patrick was a Ph.D. candidate from Ghana. He earned his undergraduate degree from Jacobs University in Germany. His PhD research project was completed on Recovery of Rare Earth Metals from Waste Fluorescent Lamps with Professor Mishra.
Camille Fleuriault
Camille was Master of Science candidate from Saintes, in southwestern France. She earned her Bachelor and M.E. Degrees at the National School of Geology in Nancy, France. She completed her MSc thesis on a pressure oxidation leaching project with Professor Anderson.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Joe Grogan
Joe was a Ph.D. student from Tullamore, Ireland. He earned a B.Sc. in Environmental Geochemistry from University College Dublin and a M.Sc. in Mineral Engineering from the Camborne School of Mines. His completed his PhD thesis research in zinc hydrometallurgy, corrosion control, and reagent recovery technology developed an economic process to dezinc steel scrap with Professor Anderson.
Myungwon Jung
Myungwon is a Ph.D. candidate from Seoul, South Korea. He earned his BS and MS degrees from Hongik University in South Korea. He is currently working on the recovery of valuable metals from fines with Professor Mishra.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Evody Tshijik Karumb
Eve is a Master of Science candidate who was born in the Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C.). She transferred to the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) where she completed her MME degree. She is working on the beneficiation and recovery of Indium from mine tailings with Professor Taylor.
Mark Manganello
Mark was a Master of Science candidate from Anderson, South Carolina. He earned his B.Sc. from CSM in Metallurgy and Materials Engineering with a focus in Physical Metallurgy and a minor in Energy. In his MSc research he worked on the recycling of flat panel displays, with a focus on recovering Indium and rare earth phosphors with Professor Taylor.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Husni Usman
Josue Nduwa Mushidi
Husni was a Ph.D. candidate from Indonesia. He earned his undergraduate degree in Metallurgical Engineering from the Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. His research project was compelted on “Measuring the Efficiency of Grinding Mills as a Function of Mill Lifter Configurations and Operating Parameters” with Professors Spiller and Taylor
Josue was Master of Science student from Likasi / D.R. Congo. He earned his undergraduate degree from CSM in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. He completed his MSc research project on Monazite Recovery by Flotation with Professor Anderson.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Doug Schriner
Doug was Master of Science candidate from Findlay, Ohio. He received a B.Sc. in Materials Science and Engineering from Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. He complteed his MSC thesis research working on improving recovery in rare earth mineral flotation with Professor Anderson. He is now a PhD candidate with Dr. Taylor.
Mark Strauss
Mark was a Master’s student from Mesa, Arizona. He earned his undergraduate degree from the University of Arizona. E completed his MSc research project is the Extraction and Recovery of Rare Earth Metals from Recycled Fluorescent Lamps with Professor Mishra.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Yicheng Zhang
Yicheng was a Master of Science candidate from Beijing China. He completed his MSc thesis by working on improving recovery in rare earth mineral flotation with Professor Anderson.
Jordan Rutledge
Jordan Rutledge is Master of Science candidate. She received a B.Sc. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering the Colorado School of Mines. She is completing her MSc thesis working on the use of tannins in mineral processing and extractive metallurgy with Professor Anderson.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Alex Norgren
Alex is a Master of Science candidate from Denver, Colorado. He received a B.Sc. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines. He is working on improving recovery in rare earth mineral physical beneficiation with Professor Anderson.
Victoria Vacarezza
Victoria is a Master of Science candidate from Chicago, Illinois. She received her BS in Materials Science from Northwestern. She is working on improving recovery in rare earth eudyalite mineral beneficiation with Professor Anderson.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Nathaneal Williams
Nathaneal is a Master of Science candidate from Carson City, Nevada. He received a B.Sc. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines. He is working on improving recovery in rare earth mineral flotation with Professor Anderson.
Dylan Everly
Dylan is a Master of Science candidate from Butte, America. He received a B.Sc. in Chemical and Biological Engineering from Montana State University. He is working on improving recovery in rare earth mineral flotation with Professor Anderson.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Hunter Sceats
Hunter is a PhD candidate from Colorado Springs, Colorado. He received a B.Sc. in Physics from Cal Tech. He is working on improving he reduction of Rare Earth oxides using plasma technology. with Professor Taylor.
Tom Boundy
Tom is a PhD candidate from California. He received a B.Sc. in Chemistry from Pepperdine. He is working on recycling of PV materials with Professor Taylor.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Sumedh Gostu
Sumedh was Master of Science candidate from India. He completed his thesis on Red Mud recycling with. Dr. Mishra
Bernard Fosu
Bernard was Master of Science candidate from Ghnha He completed his thesis on roasting of gold ores with Dr. Taylor..
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Caleb Stanton
Caleb was Master of Science candidate from California He completed his thesis on recycling of Rare earth magnets with Dr. Mishra.
Matt Esquibel
Matt was Master of Science candidate from Butte, America. He completed his thesis on recycling of PV panels with Dr. Taylor.
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Hill Hall, home of KIEM Please come see what we’re up to. Thank you for this opportunity to present ! The Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines www.mines.edu
QUESTIONS ??????????????????????????????? If you want a copy of the presentation please give me a business card or email me at
[email protected]
G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Bastnasite
Stibnite
THE CRITICAL ASPECT OF CRITICAL MATERIALS
Dr. Corby G. Anderson Harrison Western Professor The Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy Colorado School of Mines G. S. ANSELL DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING