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Dual Stack IPv4/IPv6 Devices IPv4 Only
Dual Stack IPv4/IPv6
Within an IPv4 only network environment all communication is done by using IPv4 as a transport protocol.
When a device has dual stack capabilities then it has access to both IPv4 and IPv6 technology available. It can use both of these technologies to connect to remote servers and destinations in parallel.
At-A-Glance
How does DNS work with IPv4 and IPv6 addresses? There are two elements with respect to DNS. The first is related to the protocol the DNS client is using to speak to the DNS server, which could be IPv4 or IPv6 based. Most DNS servers support both IPv4 and IPv6 initiated requests.
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4 Internet
When a client tries to connect to a remote Internet resource, for example www.cisco.com, then the client will first do a DNS request to resolve the destination name into an IPv4 address. Once the client has this IP address it can start the http (or ssh, or IPsec, or…) connection. In an IPv4 only environment this will be a done all over an IPv4 only network layer.
IPv6 Only IPv6
IPv6
IPv6 Internet
How does a device know when to use IPv4 or IPv6? When a client wants to connect to a server (e.g., www.example.com), the client issues two DNS requests in parallel: one request for IPv4 addresses, and one request for IPv6 addresses. After receiving the responses, the client generally follows the process described in IETF standard RFC3484 ”Default Address Selection for IPv6” which leans towards an assumption that dual stack is a state of transitioning towards and IPv6-only network, and hence prefers IPv6 above IPv4 by design. When a client receives a response including both an IPv4 and IPv6 address then based upon RFC3484 the IPv6 address is the preferred address. If, for whatever reason, the usage of that address was non-successful, an alternate address will be used, potentially a valid IPv4 address to connect to the remote location. What if I run dual stack and I want to connect to a single stack IPv4 or IPv6 remote site? It is possible for a dual stack device to connect to an IPv4-only or IPv6-only device. The protocol selected, IPv4 or IPv6 is based upon the IP addresses received within a DNS response. If the DNS server returned only IPv4 addresses, then IPv4 is used, if the DNS server returned only IPv6 addresses then IPv6 is used.
www.example.com (2001:db8::1 and 192.168.1.1) Client IPv4/IPv6
Dual-stack IPv4/Pv6
IPv4 or IPv6
Www IPv4
DNS Server
IPv4 Client IPv4
IPv6
IPv6 Client IPv6
Another element is related towards IP addresses being transferred within the DNS resource request. The addresses returned as response can either be an IPv4 address or IPv6 address. It is up to the client to decide which address it will use to connect to the remote Internet resource (i.e www.example.com).
The IPv6 only environment is very alike to the IPv4 environment, except that “ALL” technology used is based upon IPv6.
Copyright © 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco, Cisco IOS, Cisco Systems, and the Cisco Systems logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries.
C45-625513-00 09/10
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