which a PSD modality is implemented . They will encompass of a ... tasks, corresponding each to a PSD - ... Layout design used (RCBD with 4 treatments & only.
Ecologically intensive approac h for sustainable crop pes t management in tropical agrosystems Irl
:
A . Ratnadass, J .L . Sarah , P . Fernandes, J . Avelino , P . Letourmy & R . Habi b Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement
(CIRAD), 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
Introductio n In the tropics, pest and disease pressure and associated plant protection issues are much more problematic than in temperate areas . It ha s become urgent to tackle these issues, in order to respond to a strong society-driven demand to reduce pesticide use in agrosystems and its associated negative impacts on the environment and human health, and to reduce food insecurity and poverty through the enhancement o f crop productivity and small farmers' income . Cirad is therefore developing an IPM component to its "ecological intensification" paradigm . The i l- . '•m- - " h- Fr-n h r .n m nding for proposed framework is an institute-commi i .n- . -n . .r- . . .- - . .r .'"Optimization of pest management by e • Approach, organization & expecte Fiel d outputs Trading-off conflicting effects of PSD at th e ST2 .3 . Determine intra-field landscape level for optimal regulation of above-groun d 03 will study possibilities & conse factors influencing dispersion & crop pests & disease complexes impact of mind bugs & blac k quences of breaking with convention a pod rot in cocoa-base d ST3 .2 . Determine inter-field factors ST3.1 . Determine field & landscap e Manapesticide-based practices, through th agroforestry systems of (fragmentation vs connectivity) level effects of banana /sugarcan e ging Cameroon influencing dispersion & impacts of rotation on banana weevil & aboveplanned increase of plant speci e berry borer & rust in coffee-based sugarcane stem borer i n ST2 .2. Optimize effectivenes s groun d diversity (PSD) in agrosystems . It will b agroforestry systems of Costa Rica commercial monocultures o f of fruit fly infestation & damag e crop Martinique & Guadeloupe regulation by "assisted" push pests at organized in 3 work packag e pull management in horticultural th e corresponding each to a scale level a systems of Réunion level of the fiel d which a PSD modality is implemented . ST2.1 . Optimize trap-plant & its spatial arrangement & They will encompass of a total of 7 sub immepest/plant susceptible stag e diat e tasks, corresponding each to a PSD coincidence for regulating fruit Scale surrou n worm infestation in horticultural based management option and th e /Level -dings systems of of PS D biological model on which it is teste d Niger & Martiniqu e modalities The selected "case studies" cover a & ST1 .2 . Determine the effects potential of cover crop s range of a priori typologies of pests 8 for controlling white grub s diseases based on the life-traits th e Managing & Striga by biocidallallelobelow-ground most likely to determine response tc pathic effects in upland crop pest & rice-based direct-seeded PSD, namely specificity & dispersa diseases by mulch-based croppin g rotatio n ability . They represent both intensive 8 systems of Madagasca r /intercrop s STI .1 . Determine the often simplified agrosystems heavil y with servic e potential of fodder & plants relying on non-renewable and no r green manure plan t showin g spedes for controllin g ecologically-friendly inputs (e .g . banan a direct bacterial wilt on tomato sanitating & sugarcane monocrops & horticultura by host/non-host mecha/biocida l nisms in horticultural systems in French overseas islands) effects Pest & Disease Specificity systems of Martinique Soil export-oriented agroforestry system s (e .g . coffee & cocoa-based systems i t Fig .1 : Project organization into work packages (WP) & sub-tasks (ST) following scale levels at which PSD modaCosta Rica & Cameroon), and low • lities & effects translate in selected case studies, according to a life trait-based typology of pests & diseases input/poorly producing traditional agro . systems (e .g . multispecific cereal-base c systems in sub-Saharan Africa)(Fig .1) . This approach will contribute to confer a generic value to expected results . I n Experimental testing specific suspected P addition, a transversal work packag e effects (WP4) will assist project teams addres Fig .2 : Q3' s methodological issues and provide to o methodologica l & methods for evaluating PSD-bas e flow-chart (grey agrosystems and incepting innovati v boxes & black systems optimizing agroecologic a arrows) and regulation of crop pests & diseas e expected outputs (Fig .2) . Furthermore, a dedicate (green ellipses & website will serve as a major animatio n arrows) I.I■ ► & communication tool for the project . Insecticidesprayed & okrabordered okra plot Preliminary results & Prospect s 0 3 will be funded for a period of 3 years from 2009-2011, 200 8 being a year "zero " during which research hypotheses are bein g fine-tuned and methodologies adjusted . For instance, as part o f ST2 .1, a joint Icrisat-Cirad/Inran/University of Niamey experimen t was conducted at Birni N'Konni (Niger) . It aimed at assessing th e potential of pigeon pea & sorghum as trap crops for managin g Tomato fruit worm (TFW) Helicoverpa armigera on Okra (Fig .3) . Preliminary results confirmed high incidence of TFW on the statio n on all 3 crops . Layout design used (RCBD with 4 treatments & onl y 2 reps & 159 m 2 -large plots), made it possible to detect significant differences between treatments for both the cumulative number o f TFW larvae per plant and percent caterpillar-damaged fruits .
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Fig .3: A view of a block of the Icrisat-Ciradllnran/University of Niamey Okra
I trial at Bimi N'Konni Inran station, Niger, rainy season 2008
Endure International Conference, 13-15 Oct . 2008, La Grande Motte, France
