Indian J. Anim. Res., 48 (4) : 362 - 365, 2014
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE
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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND PLASMA METABOLIC PROFILE OF LABRADOR PUPS Nitin Tyagi* , C.S. Ahuja# , J.S. Lamba, Mudit Chandra$ and S.S. Sikka Department of Animal Nutrition Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana. 141 001, India
Received: 21-03-2012
Accepted: 23-10-2012 ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to compare the effect of Lactic acid Bacillus and Yeast on the growth performance of Labrador pups. Twelve Labrador pups (3.5 months age, around 9.7 kg B.Wt) was assigned three dietary treatments of control diet T1 (Balanced Homemade diet), T2 (Control diet + Lactic acid bacillus) and T3 (Control diet + Yeast). The duration of experiment was 90 days. A digestibility trial was conducted at the mid of experiment. The results of digestibility studies revealed no significant difference on the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and NDF among treatment groups. The body weight gain was also statistically same in all the groups. All the blood parameters were within physiological limits and did not differ significantly except Total Protein level at 60 day in T2. The results conclusively indicated no significant effect of supplementing lactic acid bacteria and yeast on growth performance of pups under present experimental conditions.
Key words: Growth performance, Probiotics, Pups. INTRODUCTION Probiotics are microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast that can be added to the food with the purpose of regulating the intestinal flora of the host (Parker 1974). Probiotics have been used therapeutically in the treatment of diarrhea or prophylactically in humans and animals to minimize drift in the composition of the intestinal microflora associated with antibiotherapy or traveler’s gastroenteritis (Barrows and Deam 1985). More recently, probiotics have also been found to have beneficial effects on the health of the host (Fuller 1989). The most common micro organisms used as probiotics include lactic acid bacteria. The mechanisms are not completely understood, but they could be due to the ability of probiotics to act as regulators of the intestinal microflora as a source of digestive enzymes and/or stimulating factors on the immune system. The antibiotic activity of probiotic bacteria is through decreased luminal pH, secretions of antimicrobial peptides and blockage of bacterial
adhesions to epithelial cells (Ng. et.al; 2009). This is the rationale behind the use of probiotics in the feed of farm animals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the widely commercialized species of yeast (Zhang et al. 2005). It is an effective adsorbant, rich in protein (40-45%), vitamin B complex and has high biological value. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains enzyme alpha –amylase and protease that break down the starch and protein molecule, respectively and helps in digestion and efficient utilization and it also act as a antioxidant (Nawaz et al. 2008). It is generally accepted that a nutritionally balanced diet and a proper microbial ecology are required for healthy gut. Improving gut health through the use of probiotics has become an area of research activity in animal and human nutrition. There is scanty research work on utilization of yeast as probiotic supplement for pet dogs. The present experiment was carried out to compare the effect of Lactic acid Bacillus (formerly Lactobacillus sporogenes) and live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the growth
*Corresponding authore’s e-mail:
[email protected] # Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, $Department of Veterinary Microbiology G.A.D.V. AS. University. Ludhiana-141001, India
Vol. 48, No. 4, 2014
performance of Labrador pups in terms of body weight gain, digestibility of nutrients and blood biochemical profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted on twelve Labrador pups (3.5 months age, around 9.7 kg B.wt) in sound health at the kennel in premises of animal nutrition department GADVASU, Ludhiana. All the animals were properly dewormed and vaccinated as per schedule before the conduct of experiments. The animals were distributed randomly in three groups of four each and was assigned three dietary treatments of control diet T1 (Balanced Homemade diet i.e. Control diet, CP-22.3%, EE- 8.5% and CF 5.6%), T2 (Control diet + Lactic acid bacillus) and T3 (Control diet + Yeast). All the animals were fed homemade balanced ration, as per AAFCO (1994), prepared with the full fat soya, rice, wheat, skimmed milk powder and mineral supplements (Table 1). The duration of experiment was 90 days.
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Blood metabolic indices: The blood samples was collected on 0 and 60 day of experiment at 10 AM morning before feeding. Serum was separated from the blood samples by keeping blood samples in a slanting position for 1 hr to let the samples clot. Serum total proteins, albumin, creatinine and the enzyme activities (SGPT, and AKP) were estimated with the help of chemistry analyser (RA 50) Bayer diagnostics, using SIEMENS auto pak analyzing kit Results were analyzed using SPSS, Version 7.5 (1996) by one way analysis of variance. Treatment means are presented with pooled SE. When significant differences were noticed the means were separated using Duncans test.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION D igestibility and growth studies:The DM digestibility (Table 2) in group T1, T2 and T3 was 62.97, 64.92 and 69.71 percent respectively while the OM digestibility was 64.58, 66.38 and 71.11 respectively i n group T1, T2 and T3. An Digestibility studies:The digestion trial of four days improvement in digestibility of DM and OM was duration was conducted in mid of the experiment observed in T3 with respect to control but the after 45 days of feeding. The samples of feed offered, difference was statistically non significant. Similar residue and faeces were collected and were analyzed non significant improvement was observed in the as per AOAC (2000) for proximate principles while digestibility of Ether Extract, Total Carbohydrate and the fiber fractions were analyzed according to Van NFE fracti ons of the diet. These numeric improvements seems to be highest in yeast Soest et al; (1991). supplemented Group T-3. The digestibility of CP, and Faecal microbiology studies: The faecal samples NDF were similar and least effected by dietary were collected from all the animals and kept in treatments. These results suggest that digestibility of refrigeration till faecal microbiology studies. The nutrients was not affected si gnificantly by above faecal samples were procured for faecal supplementation of lactobacillus or yeast in the microbiological studies as per Cruickshank (1965). The samples were weighed and suspended in 1ml present experimental conditions. Si milarly of Phospahate Buffer Saline (PBS). Further these statistically non significant results in the digestibility faecal samples were serially diluted with PBS. For of DM, OM, CP, Fibre fractions and EE were total bacterial count Brain Heart infusion agar was reported by Katoch et al. (2011) by supplementing a used and Mac-Conkeys lactose agar was used to count combination of probiotic supplements including Lactose Fermenters and Non Lactose fermenters. Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broilers. Kamra et al. Fungal count in the faeces was done through (1996) reported statistically similar effect in experimental groups on supplementing Lactobacillus incubation on Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (SDA). TABLE 1: Ingredient (%) and chemical composition (% DM basis) of diet fed to Labrador pups Ingredient Rice Wheat Full fat soya Skimmed milk powder Dicalcium Phospahate Salt
Percent 24.0 23.0 48.5 3.0 1.0 0.5
Chemical composition Organic Matter Crude protein Ether Extract Crude Fibre Nitrogen Free Extract Total Carbohydrates Neutral Detergent Fibre
% DM Basis 95.82 22.40 8.56 5.60 59.46 65.06 48.80
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INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL RESEARCH TABLE 2: Effect of different probiotic sources on digestibility of nutrients and body weight gain of Labrador pups.
Digestibility Dry matter Organic matter Crude protein Ether extract Crude fibre Nitrogen free Extract Total Carbohydrates Neutral Detergent fibre Body Weight gain 0 day 90 day Gain g/d
T-1 62.97 64.58 90.32 51.19 22.59 60.73 57.44 76.72
T-2 64.92 66.38 89.41 48.47 29.70 64.07 61.11 77.61
T-3 69.71 71.11 91.90 56.74 34.64 68.84 66.03 76.85
PSE 1.70 1.64 0.53 3.05 4.43 1.79 1.97 0.88
9.62 13.9 47.50
9.75 14.12 48.61
9.82 14.45 51.39
0.28 0.20 2.08
acidophilus alone and in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the digestibility of DM, OM, ether Extract, NDF and ADF in rabbits but they reported significant improvement in CP digestibility of rabbits supplemented with lactobacillus and yeast combination. Similarly Chaudhary et al. (1995) reported no improvement in the digestibility of nutrients through oral administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in rabbits fed diets with different level of fibre.
similar in all the groups. These results seem to follow the same trend as observed in various digestibility parameters.
Blood metabolic indices: The blood parameters revealed (Table 3) significant increase in TP concentration in T2 at 60 day, rest of the parameters did not differ significantly. The liver and kidney function tests and biochemical parameters for all the pups were within the physiological range and were similar. These results suggest that there is no negative The body weight gain duri ng the effect of supplementing lactic acid Bacillus and experimental period was 4.28 kg, 4.37 kg and 4.63 Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the general physiology kg in groups T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The average of pups. daily gain in body weight was 47.50, 48.61 and Faecal microbiology studies: The results of faecal 51.39 g/d in T1, T2 and T3 respectively which was microbiology studies are presented in Table 4. although numerically highest in T3 but statistically Lactose fermenter group having important members TABLE 3: Effect of different probiotic sources on blood biochemical indices of Labrador pups Liver function test test Liver and and kidney Kidney function Day T-1 T-2 T-3 PSE SGPT (IU/L) AKP (IU/L) Creatinine(mg/dl) Blood biochemical biochemicalprofile profile
Glucose(mg/dl) Triglyceride(mg/dl) Total Protein (g/dl) Albumin (g/dl) Albumin /Globulin Cholesterol(mg/dl) * Different superscripts in a row differ significantly.
0 60 0 60 0 60
14.75 14.75 242.75 204.75 0.862 0.967
15.00 15.50 236.0 165.25 0.862 0.887
15.00 13.75 236.25 164.25 0.910 1.05
0.63 0.78 6.94 11.17 0.030 0.042
0 60 0
75.50 73.75 32.74
72.25 77.00 35.92
75.75 77.75 34.09
1.68 2.05 3.84
60 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 60
49.54 3.35 3.92ab 2.09 2.74 1.61 1.47 127.87 126.87
53.49 2.59 4.14b 1.78 2.91 1.48 1.44 108.25 118.32
59.68 2.88 2.94a 1.78 2.19 1.61 1.71 132.87 123.92
6.03 0.19 0.24* 0.10 0.20 0.07 1.33 6.49 4.73
Vol. 48, No. 4, 2014 TABLE 4: Effect of different probiotic sources on the faecal microbiology of dogs Groups T1 T2 T3
TBC (CFU/ml) 22.58 x 1010 16.32 x 1010 19.46 x 1010
NLF (CFU/g) 27.56 x 104 24.84 x 104 12.44 x 104
Fungi (CFU/g) 1.38 x 103 1.28 x 103 1.10 x 103
like E coli and Klebsiella were not detected in faeces. The total bacterial count was comparable in all the groups. Non lactose fermenter group (li ke Salmonella, Shigella etc) were found minimum in Yeast supplemented group T3 and the fungi count
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was also comparable in all the groups. The results suggest that yeast supplementation may have a beneficial effect through reducing the count of nonlactase fermenter bacteria in the gut of pups. CONCLUSION On the basis of the results from present experiment it may be concluded that in these experimental condition there is no statistically significant effect of Lactic acid Bacillus and Yeast on the growth performance, digestibility of nutrients and blood metabolic indices of Labrador pups.
REFERENCES
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