Effect of Glass Powder on Various Properties of

International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology

Bharat Nagar et al. 2016, Volume 4 Issue 4 ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 ISSN (Print): 2395-4752

An Open Access Journal

Effect of Glass Powder on Various Properties of Concrete 1

Bharat Nagar, 2Prof V. P. Bhargava

Abstract Concrete is used as the major material in construction industries. As the population of world increase rapidly, worlds faces the problem for habitation and waste by- product. As the waste is proportional to the population and there are restriction of natural resources used in concrete , this construction industry need some attention to used some other material so that they can be mix in concrete to get the new product which physical properties are same as the conventional one. Every year there is several tons of glasses created all over the world. Glass can be re-used as a fine raw material and it presents an option to save natural and non-renewable materials. The use of glass powder in concrete production can make the construction industry more ecological. In this research an attempt is taken to bring into play the waste glass in various proportions so that the final product property of concrete mixture is same as the control mix. Waste glass powder was replace with fine aggregate in various percentages such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50%. Reference concrete mix is also made for comparative reasons. Keywords: Concrete, non-renewable, Waste glass powder

Introduction Waste glass is one of the main causes of environmental pollution as it cannot be used as land filling in low lying areas. Recycling is one of the main solutions to use such type of waste so that it is safely converted and we can save our motherland. Fine aggregate is mainly finding from river and now a day’s become highly expensive. In this investigation fine aggregate is replaced with the waste glass powder in certain known quantity and compare the results with the standard known control mix. This waste glass is collected from local market and dumped sites of Chaksu, Jaipur city, Rajasthan. The waste glass is crushed in Los Angles machine in concrete laboratory of jagannath University campus. The waste glass powder was replace with fine aggregate in various percentages such as 5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,35%,40%,45%, and 50%. Reference concrete mix is also made for comparative reasons Experimental Investigation

As concrete is weak in tension stresses, the present experiments are done to check the performance of concrete in flexural and split tensile strength. Experiments are done with reference to the IS 23861963, IS 516-1959 and IS 5819-1999 to check the performance with the control mix. In present study nominal mix taken is m20 and glass powder is repleced with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30,35,40,45 and 50% with the fine aggregate. Material Used Cement Ordinary portland cement,43 grade specified as per the is 8112-2003 was used for casting the different grade of concrete. Potable water with pH value 7the water cement ratio w/c is fixed to 0.45 and to maintain the slump master Glenium admixture is used 3% by weight of cement. The initial and final setting time was observed by Vicate apparatus and it was found 32 and 590

© 2016 Bharat Nagar et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

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Bharat Nagar et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, Volume 4 Issue 4 ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752

minutes respectively. The soundness tested by LeChetelier was 8 mm.

Waste Glass Powder Locally available glass from market and dumped areas are collected and crushed into powder form. Particle analysis was done and used with %finer 98.3 with specific gravity 2.63. The physical and chemical properties of cement, sand and glass powder is shown in table no 1 and 2

Figure 1: Le-Chatelier apparatus

Figure 4: Los angles for crushing the glass powder

Figure 2: consistency of cement and Vicat apparatus Course and Fine Aggregate Fine aggregate size range 150mc to 4.75mm.in present work Banash River (from district Tonk) sand was used with % finer 96.8 with specific gravity 2.66.

Figure 5: Sieve for particle size analysis Table no 1: physical and chemical properties of different material

Coarse aggregates are particles greater than 4.75mm, but generally range between 9.5mm to 37.5mm in diameter. In this case 20mm and 10mm particles size was used with specific gravity 2.60.

Figure 3: testing of aggregate

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Table no 2: physical properties of cement

From the above data, it was observed that the maximum compressive strength is found at the replacement level of 25% waste glass powder by fine aggregate. Flexural Strength Test This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of concrete as per IS 516-1959 Code. The

Table 3: chemical composition of sand and waste glass powder

flexural strength depends on the size and shape of the specimen, batching, mixing procedures, the methods of sampling, molding, fabrication, age of cubes, temperature, and moisture conditions during curing. The Flexural strength of every mix was determined for beam of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 700 mm .Three specimens were casted for each mix and they were cured in chamber for 28 days. The beam is taken out from curing tank , clean & wipe the surface of specimen with dry cotton cloth.Then the specimen is put on the supporting rollers horizontally. The load is applied to the beam by loading rollers. The load is applied @ 400kg/min.

Mix Design and Experimental Work In present study work the nominal mix is taken M20 and it is design according to IS 456. The ratio mentioned in Indian standard for M20 is 1:1.5:3,

Digital universal testing machine of 100 ton capacity was used for flexure strength test. The central point loading method was used in testing. The universal testing machine is shown in Figure

where 1 part is cement, 1.5 parts is sand and 3 parts is coarse aggregate. As discuss earlier the W/C ratio is fixed to 0.45 and to maintain the slump a suitable admixture is used. The replacement level of glass powder with sand were used in terms of 5% ,10% ,15% ,20% ,25% ,30% ,35% ,40%,45% and 50% and it is shown in table no 3. Table 4: mix design for compressive strength analysis

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Figure 6: Beam testing and casting Split Tensile Strength Tensile strength is one of the important property of concrete as concrete is weak in tension, for checking the tensile strength this test method is used as per the guideline given by the IS 5816-1999 Code. In this test the load is applied to the mould with the help of compression testing machine of capacity 100 ton .the load is taken at which the specimen shown cracks or failure. Moulds was casted 300mm in length and 150mm in diameter(as mentioned in IS code), grade was taken as M 20. The load was applied without shock and increased continuously at a nominal rate within the range 2.4 N/ (mm/min) and this load was maintaining, until failure of the specimen.

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The measured splitting tensile strength fct, of the specimen shall be calculated to the nearest 0.05 N/mm2 using the following formula

Testing Results and Discussions

Split tensile strength

Table 5: Results of flexure strength (MPa)

=

Flexure Strength

Where P= maximum load in N applied to the specimen l= Length of the specimen (in mm), as shown d= Cross sectional dimension of the specimen, as shown

Figure 9: 3 days Flexure strength Figure 7: Plane of Loading

Figure 10: 7 days Flexure strength

Figure 11: 28 days Flexure strength Figure 8: Testing of moulds

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Figure 12: all day’s comparative chart of Flexure strength Split Tensile Strength Table 6: Splitting tensile strength results (MPa)

Figure 13: 3 days splitting tensile strength

Figure 15: all day’s comparative chart of splitting tensile strength Conclusions Based on the observations the following conclusions are drawn:  The flexural strength of concrete beam was found to be improve approximately 6% as compare to the conventional mix at a level of 25% waste glass powder replaced with fine aggregate  The split tensile strength of concrete cylinder was observed to improve 5.5% as compare to the control mix of M 20 at a replacement of 25% waste glass powder with the fine aggregate  Waste glass powder is safely used up to 25% replacement of sand  Further investigation can be done for durability to see the long term effect of glass powder replacement  Environment friendly approach is most important aspect and it touched due to understanding of earth life balance along with pollution free society  The surface finish of cylinder and beam manufactured by blended concrete mix is better than the surface finish of cylinder and beam manufactured of control mix. References [1] IS12269-2013- “specification for ordinary portland cement (first revision)” [2] IS8041-1990- “specification for portland cement (second revision)”

Figure 14: 7 days splitting tensile strength

rapid

hardening

[3] IS455-1989- “specification for Portland slag cement (forth revision)” [4] IS1489 (part i-ii)-1991-“specification for Portland pozzolana cement (third revision)” [5] IS6452-1989-“specification for high alumina cement for structural use (second revision)”

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[6] IS8043-1991-“specification for hydrophobic portland cement (second revidion)” [7] IS6909-1990-“specification for super sulphated cement (reaffirmed 2011)”

Copy for Cite this Article- Bharat Nagar, Prof V.P.Bhargava, “Effect of Glass Powder on Various Properties of Concrete”, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 4 Issue 4: 2016, pp. 567-573.

[8] IS 12600-1989-“specification for low heat portland cement (reaffirmed 2014)” [9] RINDL, J. Report by Recycling Manager, Dane County, Dept of Public Works, Madison, USA, August 1998. [10] Samtur, H.R. Glass Recycling and Reuse, University of Wisconsin, Madison Institute for Environmental Studies, Report No. 17, March 1974. [11]PATTENGIL, M. Glass as a Pozzolana, Albuquerque Symposium on Utilization of Waste Glass, Second Prod. 1973. [12]Phillips, J.C. and CAHN, D.S. “Refuse Glass Aggregate in Portland Cement”. Proc. 3rd Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium, 1973, pp. 385-390. [13] Bijen, J. “ Benefits of slag and fly ash “ construction and building materials , vol.10, no.5,pp. 309-314, 1996”. [14] Thomas, M. D. A. and Shehata, M. H. “Use of ternary cementitious systems containing Silica fume and fly ash in concrete, cement and concrete research 29 (1999)”. [15] Gonen,T. and Yazicioglu,S. “ The influence of mineral admixtures on the short and long term performances of concrete” department of construction education, Firat University, Turkey.2009 [16] Barbhuiya S.A., Gbagbo, J.K., Russeli, M.I., Basheer, P.A.M. “Properties of fly ash concrete modified with hydrated lime and silica fume”, aCentre for Built Environment Research, School of Planning, Architecture and Civil Engineering,July 2009 [17] ahmad shayan “value-added utilisation of waste glass in concrete” IABSE symposium, melbourne 2002 [18] David Verdugo cesar “The practicality, versatility and feasibility of utilizing recycled glass as a concrete aggregate” Faculty of the Department of Civil Engineering,University of Florida 2007 Author’s details 1

Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA, Email: [email protected] 2

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA, Email: [email protected]

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